CN219260935U - Fishway inlet structure - Google Patents
Fishway inlet structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN219260935U CN219260935U CN202223040884.2U CN202223040884U CN219260935U CN 219260935 U CN219260935 U CN 219260935U CN 202223040884 U CN202223040884 U CN 202223040884U CN 219260935 U CN219260935 U CN 219260935U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a fishway inlet structure, which comprises a spiral laminated fishway, a structural base, a top structural platform, a plurality of fishway inlets and inlet gates, wherein the fishway inlets and the inlet gates are arranged on the spiral laminated fishway; the structure base is fixed on a side slope or a river bottom to support the spiral laminated fishway; the lowest surface of the top structure platform is a single-layer spiral fishway with a fishway inlet; the fishway inlets arranged on the spiral laminated fishway and the fishway inlets on the top structural platform share the same inlet gate, and the inlet gate can move in the height direction and automatically control the operation height according to the operation water level, so that unified opening and closing control is realized. The utility model has the advantages of small structural arrangement range and compact structure, does not need to control a plurality of gates in a linkage way, realizes the opening and closing control of a plurality of fishway inlets by controlling one gate, is suitable for hydraulic engineering in limited spaces such as downstream large-water-level amplitude-variable operation and mountain canyons and the like, and can be arranged on a side slope or at the bottom of a river according to on-site topography conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of hydraulic building design and construction, in particular to a fishway inlet structure.
Background
The large national water-electricity country is used as a global water-electricity country, a large amount of water conservancy and hydropower engineering is built in each drainage basin of the country, and dams built in the engineering play a great role in flood control, irrigation, power generation, water supply, shipping and the like, and meanwhile, influence on ecology, particularly influence on blocking of fish migration channels, cannot be avoided. Therefore, it is common to reconstruct fish migration channels and communicate upstream and downstream fish communication by constructing fish channels. The water flow enters the fishway from the upstream and flows out of the fishway from the downstream, but the migration fish enters the fishway from the downstream and flows out of the fishway from the upstream, so that the upstream water inlet of the fishway is called as a fishway outlet, and the downstream water outlet of the fishway is called as a fishway inlet.
For the purpose of fish passage, the fishway is usually required to meet certain water depth requirements and certain flow rate requirements. However, for the engineering with larger downstream water level amplitude, the water depth and the flow velocity of the fishway can be influenced under the condition of water level change, and the fish passing efficiency of the fishway is influenced. How to improve the capacity of fishway import to adapt to water level change is always a technical problem facing home and abroad. According to the requirements of the water conservancy and hydropower engineering fishway design guideline (SL 609-2013), when the downstream water level amplitude is large in the main fish season, a plurality of fishway inlets with different positions and elevations are arranged. Therefore, the current method for improving the capacity of the fishway inlet to adapt to the water level change is mainly to arrange a plurality of inlets between the lowest water level and the highest water level along the fishway, but the traditional method has the following defects:
1) For projects with larger downstream water level amplitude, the length of the fishway between the lowest water level inlet and the highest water level inlet is long, the arrangement occupation area is large, and for dams in canyon topography, large-scale slope excavation is often required for the inlet section, so that the arrangement difficulty is high;
2) In order to prevent downstream water from overflowing into the fishway to influence the operation of the fishway, the side wall Gao Chengxu of the downstream section of the fishway is above the highest downstream water level, and the engineering amount of the side wall is large;
3) The fishway inlets are distributed, a plurality of gates and an opening and closing system are required to be arranged for combined control, and the whole structure and the control logic are complex.
In addition, along with the exhaustion of domestic water and electricity resource development, the water and electricity development in China is mainly concentrated in the western mountain canyon at present, the ecological environment is fragile, the difficulty of building the traditional fishway in the mountain canyon is high, and the fishway import structure which occupies little or no side slope space is urgently needed to be provided.
The utility model discloses a fishway system for projects with large upstream water level amplitude, which is created by the utility model on the publication No. CN 106592541B, 11 months 13 days of 2018, and discloses a fishway system with small excavation amount and small construction concrete project amount. The system has the advantages of large occupied area, multiple gates, complex overall control structure and high fault risk. Chinese patent publication No. CN 110468805B, publication No. 2021, 4-month 23, the utility model creates a fishway radius-variable spiral tower type multi-inlet or multi-outlet structure, and the application discloses a fishway radius-variable spiral tower type multi-inlet or multi-outlet structure. The gate opening and closing device has the defects that a plurality of gates are required to be arranged, the gate opening and closing device and the transportation device need to control and hoist the gates back and forth on the curved track to realize the opening and stopping switching of an inlet or an outlet, the control structure and the logic are complex, the whole occupied area is large, and the construction of the mountain gorge valley zone is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a fishway inlet structure. The utility model has the advantages of small structural arrangement range and compact structure, does not need to control a plurality of gates in a linkage way, realizes the opening and closing control of a plurality of fishway inlets by controlling one gate, is suitable for hydraulic engineering in limited spaces such as downstream large-water-level amplitude-variable operation and mountain canyons and the like, and can be arranged on a side slope or at the bottom of a river according to on-site topography conditions.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fishway inlet structure, characterized in that: the structure comprises a spiral laminated fishway, a structure base, a top structure platform and a plurality of fishway inlets and inlet gates which are arranged on the spiral laminated fishway; the structure base is fixed on a side slope or a river bottom to support the spiral laminated fishway; the lowest surface of the top structure platform is a single-layer spiral fishway with a hairtail inlet, and the single-layer spiral fishway is connected with the top of the spiral laminated fishway; the fishway inlets arranged on the spiral laminated fishway are positioned on different layers of the outer wall of the spiral laminated fishway, and the fishway inlets arranged on the spiral laminated fishway and the fishway inlets on the top structure platform are positioned in the same direction but different in height so as to correspond to different running water levels; the other direction of the same layer of the fishway inlet of the single-layer spiral fishway is a water flow inlet of the fishway inlet structure; the fishway inlets arranged on the spiral laminated fishway and the fishway inlets on the top structural platform share the same inlet gate, the inlet gate can move in the height direction, the running height is automatically controlled according to the running water level, and unified opening and closing control of the fishway inlets is realized.
Further: the whole fishway inlet structure is in a round or rectangular structure.
Further: the top of the top structure platform is higher than the highest running water level at the downstream; the outer side walls of the fishway inlets arranged on the spiral laminated fishway are provided with inlet gate grooves; the inlet gate is connected with gate opening and closing equipment, is positioned in the inlet gate slot and moves in the inlet gate slot.
Further: the fishway inlet structure is a prefabricated assembly type structure, the spiral stacked fishway comprises a plurality of prefabricated structural layers, the prefabricated structural layers are spliced end to end in sequence in the height direction, the prefabricated structural layer on the uppermost layer is connected with the single-layer spiral fishway, and each prefabricated structural layer is provided with a fishway inlet.
Further: the prefabricated structural layer comprises a fishway bottom plate, an outer wall and an inner wall, wherein the fishway bottom plate is gradually lifted and spirally arranged, and the fishway inlet is formed in the outer wall.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
the utility model adopts a spiral lamination arrangement mode to realize concentrated arrangement of multiple inlets of the fishway, has compact structure of the fishway inlets, and solves the problems of wide occupation area and large arrangement difficulty of scattered arrangement; according to the utility model, the outer wall of the fishway is used as the water retaining breast wall, so that additional construction is not needed, and the construction cost is reduced; and a set of fixed opening and closing equipment is used for controlling a gate to realize opening and closing control of a plurality of fishway inlets, so that the fishway inlet water level control system is suitable for different water level change conditions, and the control system is simple in structure and logic and convenient to operate and maintain. The utility model can be arranged on a side slope or a river bottom according to the field conditions, can be assembled by using a prefabricated structure according to the water level change in the actual engineering, is suitable for the hydraulic engineering constructed in limited space areas such as large downstream water level amplitude, high mountain canyon and the like, and is beneficial to promoting the standardization of the fishway design in China.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a fishway entry structure of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a fishway entry structure in accordance with the utility model.
Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a fishway entry structure of the utility model.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a preformed structural layer of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of gate control of fishway inlet structure at different water levels.
Reference numerals: 1-spiral laminated fishway, 2-fishway bottom plate, 3-fishway inlet, 4-inlet gate, 5-inlet gate slot, 6-gate opening and closing equipment, 7-water inlet, 8-matched fishway, 9-top structure platform, 10-structure base, 11-outer wall, 12-inner wall and 13-prefabricated structure layer.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present utility model, preferred embodiments of the present utility model will be described below with reference to specific examples, but it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present utility model; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationship described in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
The utility model is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a fishway intake structure comprises a spiral laminated fishway 1, a structural base 10, a top structural platform 9, a plurality of fishway inlets 3 arranged on the spiral laminated fishway 1, and an inlet gate 4; the structural foundation 10 is fixed on a side slope or a river bottom to support the spiral laminated fishway 1; the lowest surface of the top structure platform 9 is a single-layer spiral fishway with a hairtail inlet 3, and the single-layer spiral fishway is connected with the top of the spiral laminated fishway 1; the fishway inlets 3 arranged on the spiral laminated fishway 1 are positioned on different layers of the outer wall of the spiral laminated fishway 1, and the fishway inlets 3 arranged on the spiral laminated fishway 1 and the fishway inlets 3 on the top structural platform 9 are positioned in the same direction but different in height so as to correspond to different running water levels; the fishway inlet 3 of the single-layer spiral fishway is provided with a water flow inlet 7 with the inlet structure of the spiral stacked fishway 1 in the other direction, and the water flow inlet 7 is used for being connected with a matched fishway 8; the fishway inlets 3 arranged on the spiral laminated fishway 1 and the fishway inlets 3 on the top structural platform 9 share the same inlet gate 4, the inlet gate 4 can move in the height direction, the operation height is automatically controlled according to the operation water level, and unified opening and closing control of the fishway inlets 3 is realized.
In this embodiment, four fishway inlets 3 are provided, one of which is provided on a single layer of spiral fishway, and the other three of which are provided on different layers of spiral stacked fishways 1. The four fishway inlets 3 are different in height and are numbered as F1, F2, F3 and F4 from bottom to top. The four fishway inlets 3 share the same inlet gate 4.
The whole inlet structure of the spiral laminated fishway 1 is in a circular or rectangular structure. The circular spiral laminated fishway is a preferable scheme, so that stable water flow in the fishway can be ensured, and fish migration is facilitated. The whole spiral laminated fishway 1 can also be of a rectangular structure, but corners are subjected to fillet treatment, and the fillet radius is not more than half of the length of the short sides of the rectangle so as to reduce the influence of the corners on the stability of water flow. Fishway partition plates are arranged in each layer of fishway at intervals to smooth water flow.
The structural base 10 may also be a structure having the same overall shape as the spiral laminated fishway 1, such as a reinforced concrete cylindrical structure. The structural base 10 is integrally fixed on an upstream slope or a river bottom of the hydropower engineering and used as a supporting structure of an inlet structure of the spiral laminated fishway 1. In this embodiment, the structural base 10 is formed of 4 reinforced concrete struts.
The gate opening and closing device 6 is fixed on the top structural platform 9, and the top of the top structural platform 9 is higher than the downstream highest running water level, in this embodiment, the height of the top structural platform 9 is 296 meters and higher than the downstream highest water level (294 meters); the outer side walls of the fishway inlets 3 arranged on the spiral laminated fishway 1 and the fishway inlets 3 on the top structural platform 9 are provided with inlet gate grooves 5; the inlet gate 4 is connected with a gate opening and closing device 6, and the inlet gate 4 is positioned in the inlet gate slot 5 and moves in the inlet gate slot 5.
The inlet structure of the spiral laminated fishway 1 is a prefabricated assembly structure, the spiral laminated fishway 1 comprises a plurality of prefabricated structural layers 13, the prefabricated structural layers 13 are spliced end to end in sequence in the height direction, the uppermost prefabricated structural layer is connected with the single-layer spiral fishway, and each prefabricated structural layer 13 is provided with a fishway inlet 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the prefabricated structural layer 13 and the single-layer spiral fishway are provided as a channel type fishway with a cross section of 1.2 meters (width) ×1.5 meters (height). The width of the matched fishway 8 is 1.2 meters, the height is 2 meters, and fishway partition plates are arranged in the matched fishway 8 at intervals to smooth water flow.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the spiral laminated fishway 1 is formed of 3 prefabricated structural layers 13 shown in fig. 4, each prefabricated structural layer 13 including 1 fishway entrance 3, and the fishway entrance 3 has a size of 1.2 meters (width) ×1.2 meters (height).
The angle difference between the orientation of the water flow inlet 7 and the orientation of the fishway inlet 3 is 80-100 degrees or 170-190 degrees.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the direction of the water inlet 7 is the same as the direction of the water flow in the river, and when the inlet structure of the spiral laminated fishway 1 is fixed on the slope, the water inlet 7 faces upstream, and the angle difference between the orientation of the water inlet 7 and the orientation of the fishway inlet 3 is 90 degrees.
The prefabricated structural layer 13 comprises a fishway bottom plate 2, an outer wall 11 and an inner wall 12, wherein the fishway bottom plate 2 is gradually lifted and spirally arranged, and the fishway inlet 3 is formed in the outer wall 11.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the downstream water level amplitude is located between 285 meters of the lowest operation water level and 291 meters of the highest operation water level, and the heights of the bottom plates of the 4 fishway inlets 3 are set to 284 meters, 285.5 meters, 287 meters and 288.5 meters in a grading manner according to the actual fishway operation water level, so that the water depth of the fishway inlets 3 is ensured to be between 1 meter and 2.5 meters. The length of the prefabricated structural layer 13 of the spiral laminated fishway 1 is determined according to the fishway gradient and the elevation difference of the bottom plates of the fishway inlets 3 of the adjacent layers, and the fishway gradient of the migration fish served in the embodiment is required to be about 1:15, so that the length of the prefabricated structural layer 13 of the circular spiral laminated fishway 1 shown in fig. 4 is calculated according to the following formula, the cross section of the fishway is 1.2 meters (width) x 1.5 meters (height), the single-layer fishway length is about 22 meters, the outer diameter of the spiral laminated fishway 1 is 7.8 meters, the inner diameter is 6.2 meters, the wall thickness is 0.2 meters, and the center line diameter of the fishway is 7 meters.
l＝hθ
Where l is the length of a single-layer fishway, h=1.5 is the elevation difference of the entrance bottom plate of the fishway of the adjacent layer, and θ=1:15 is the fishway gradient.
The width of the inlet gate slot 5 is larger than the width of the fishway inlet 3, the height of the inlet gate 4 is not lower than the difference between the top plate height of the fishway inlet 3 at the uppermost layer and the bottom plate height of the fishway inlet 3 at the lowermost layer, and the height of the inlet gate slot 5 is not lower than twice the height of the inlet gate 4.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the width of the inlet gate 4 is 1.4 meters, the height is 6 meters, and the height is greater than the difference between the height of the inlet top plate of the fishway F4 (289.7 meters) and the height of the inlet bottom plate of the fishway F1 (284 meters); the width of the inlet gate slot 5 is 1.4 m, the height is 12 m, the width is larger than the width (1.2 m) of the fishway inlet 3, the height is 2 times of the height of the inlet gate 4, and the height is 284 m-296 m.
The elevation of the bottom plate of the fishway inlet 3 is arranged in a grading way according to the actual fishway running water level. As shown in fig. 5, the 4 fishway entries 3 floor elevations are set to 284 meters (fishway entry F1), 285.5 meters (fishway entry F2), 287 meters (fishway entry F3) and 288.5 meters (fishway entry F4) in stages according to the actual fishway running water level.
According to the actual running conditions, the downstream water level has three running conditions, the first is 285 meters below the lowest running water level of the fishway, the second is between 285 meters below the lowest running water level of the fishway and 291 meters above the highest running water level of the fishway, and the third is 291 meters above the highest running water level of the fishway. For these three operating scenarios, the workflow is described in conjunction with fig. 5:
1) When the water level is below 285 meters, the fishway stops running, the inlet gate 4 can be lifted to 284-291 meters in the inlet gate slot 5 to close the fishway inlet 3, and the upstream fishway outlet is closed at the moment, so that the inlet gate 4 can be lifted to 290-296 meters in height for overhauling;
2) When the operating water level is 285-291 meters
When the running water level rises to 285-286.5 meters, lifting the inlet gate 4 to 285.4-291.4 meters, opening the F1 fishway inlet, closing the F2-F4 fishway inlet, and enabling the water depth of the F1 fishway inlet to be 1-2.5 meters, wherein fish enters from the F1 fishway inlet;
when the running water level rises to 286.5-288 m, the inlet gate 4 is lifted to 287-293 m, the F1-F2 fishway inlet is opened, the F3-F4 fishway inlet is closed, the F2 fishway inlet water depth is 1-2.5 m, and water mainly flows out from the F2 fishway inlet according to the hydrodynamics and the water pressure, so that fish enters from the F2 fishway inlet;
when the running water level rises to 288-289.5 meters, lifting the inlet gate 4 to 288.4-294.4 meters, opening the F1-F3 fishway inlet, closing the F4 fishway inlet, and enabling the F3 fishway inlet to have a water depth of 1-2.5 meters, wherein water mainly flows out of the F3 fishway inlet according to hydrodynamics and water pressure, so that fish enter from the F3 fishway inlet;
when the operating water level rises to 289.5-291 meters, the inlet gate 4 is lifted to 290-296 meters, the F1-F4 fishway inlet is opened, the water depth of the F4 fishway inlet is 1-2.5 meters, and according to the hydrodynamics and the water pressure, water mainly flows out from the F4 fishway inlet, so that fish enters from the F4 fishway inlet;
3) When the running water level rises to be higher than 291 meters, the inlet gate 4 is lifted to 284 meters to 290 meters, the inlets of the F1-F4 fishways are closed, and the fishways stop running.
Therefore, the opening and closing of the fishway inlets 3 can be controlled through the fixed gate opening and closing equipment 6 and the fixed gate inlet 4, and the inlet water level of the fishway can cope with different running water levels of a river channel so as to provide normal migration of fishes.
The person skilled in the art can easily make or use a fishway entry structure according to the utility model and can produce the positive effects described in the utility model, based on the description of the utility model and the accompanying drawings.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent variation, etc. of the above embodiment according to the technical matter of the present utility model fall within the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. A fishway inlet structure, characterized in that: the structure comprises a spiral laminated fishway, a structure base, a top structure platform and a plurality of fishway inlets and inlet gates which are arranged on the spiral laminated fishway; the structure base is fixed on a side slope or a river bottom to support the spiral laminated fishway; the lowest surface of the top structure platform is a single-layer spiral fishway with a hairtail inlet, and the single-layer spiral fishway is connected with the top of the spiral laminated fishway; the fishway inlets arranged on the spiral laminated fishway are positioned on different layers of the outer wall of the spiral laminated fishway, and the fishway inlets arranged on the spiral laminated fishway and the fishway inlets on the top structure platform are positioned in the same direction but different in height so as to correspond to different running water levels; the other direction of the same layer of the fishway inlet of the single-layer spiral fishway is a water flow inlet of the fishway inlet structure; the fishway inlets arranged on the spiral laminated fishway and the fishway inlets on the top structural platform share the same inlet gate, the inlet gate can move in the height direction, the running height is automatically controlled according to the running water level, and unified opening and closing control of the fishway inlets is realized.
2. A fishway entry structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the whole spiral stacked fishway inlet structure is of a round or rectangular structure.
3. A fishway entry structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the top of the top structure platform is higher than the highest running water level at the downstream; the outer side walls of the fishway inlets arranged on the spiral laminated fishway are provided with inlet gate grooves; the inlet gate is connected with gate opening and closing equipment, is positioned in the inlet gate slot and moves in the inlet gate slot.
4. A fishway entry structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the fishway inlet structure is a prefabricated assembly type structure, the spiral stacked fishway comprises a plurality of prefabricated structural layers, the prefabricated structural layers are spliced end to end in sequence in the height direction, the prefabricated structural layer on the uppermost layer is connected with the single-layer spiral fishway, and each prefabricated structural layer is provided with a fishway inlet.
5. A fishway entry structure as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the prefabricated structural layer comprises a fishway bottom plate, an outer wall and an inner wall, wherein the fishway bottom plate is gradually lifted and spirally arranged, and the fishway inlet is formed in the outer wall.
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| CN202223040884.2U CN219260935U (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Fishway inlet structure |
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| CN202223040884.2U CN219260935U (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Fishway inlet structure |
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