CN112195485A - Method and device for cooling and saving water by using flue gas of aluminum electrolysis cell and preheating anode by using waste heat - Google Patents
Method and device for cooling and saving water by using flue gas of aluminum electrolysis cell and preheating anode by using waste heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN112195485A CN112195485A CN202010741335.4A CN202010741335A CN112195485A CN 112195485 A CN112195485 A CN 112195485A CN 202010741335 A CN202010741335 A CN 202010741335A CN 112195485 A CN112195485 A CN 112195485A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/343—Heat recovery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for reducing temperature and saving water by using flue gas of an aluminum electrolysis cell and preheating an anode by using waste heat of the flue gas discharged by the aluminum electrolysis cell, wherein the heat after heat exchange is used for preheating the aluminum electrolysis anode to realize comprehensive utilization of energy, simultaneously, the flue gas treatment volume of an aluminum electrolysis flue gas purification system is reduced, the investment cost and the occupied area of the flue gas purification system are saved, and the problems that the existing aluminum electrolysis cell discharges smoke to cause large heat waste, the actual investment cost of the electrolysis flue gas dry purification system is high due to high flue gas temperature, the occupied area is large, the service life of a filter material is easily influenced badly, the water consumption of the electrolysis flue gas desulfurization system is overhigh due to high flue gas temperature, the electrolytic cell is replaced by a new anode at normal temperature. Belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and flue gas purification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a method and a device for cooling and saving water by using flue gas of an aluminum electrolysis cell and preheating an anode by using waste heat, belonging to the field of energy conservation and flue gas purification.
Background
At present, the temperature of flue gas generated by the production of a large-scale aluminum electrolysis cell is about 200 ℃ (outlet of the electrolysis cell), the flue gas volume is large, taking the current 50 ten thousand tons of aluminum electrolysis projects produced in 500KA as an example, the total amount of the flue gas discharged by a purification system per hour exceeds 420 ten thousand Nm3The temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the flue gas purification system exceeds 140 ℃ in summer and 120 ℃ in winter in southern areas, and the heat discharged by the aluminum electrolytic cell per hour is calculated conservatively according to the temperature of the discharged flue gas at the outlet of the electrolytic cell at 140 ℃ and is about: 1.28x109KJ, reduced to 36 million kilowatts of electricity consumed per hour, the heat taken away by the flue gas accounts for about 48 percent of the total energy consumption of the electrolytic aluminum production, and the heat loss is very remarkable.
The high temperature of the flue gas not only causes heat loss, but also increases the amount of the flue gas treated by the purification system, and takes a 50 ten thousand ton aluminum electrolysis project produced in 500KA as an example, the total amount of the flue gas discharged per hour is 420 ten thousand Nm3The flue gas temperature at the inlet of the flue gas purification system is calculated at 140 ℃, and the actual flue gas treatment capacity of the purification system is 635 ten thousand meters3And h, the purification system is provided with a purification dust collector for ensuring the purification efficiency according to the actual working condition smoke amount, so that the investment cost and the occupied area of the purification system are increased, and in addition, if the smoke temperature at the inlet of the purification system exceeds 150 ℃, the service life of a filter bag is seriously influenced.
Flue gasThe other influence brought to the purification system by high temperature is the influence on the desulfurization system, the newly-built aluminum electrolysis purification system is basically provided with a flue gas desulfurization system at present, and the flue gas temperature directly influences the water consumption of the desulfurization system no matter the wet method or the semi-dry method purification technology. Also take the 50 ten thousand tons of aluminum electrolysis projects produced in 500KA as an example, the total amount of discharged smoke per hour is 420 ten thousand Nm3And the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the flue gas purification system is calculated at 140 ℃, if the flue gas temperature is reduced by 1 ℃, the water consumption of the desulfurization system is reduced by more than 2 tons/h, and the influence of the flue gas temperature on the desulfurization water consumption is very great.
When the anodes are replaced in the aluminum electrolysis production at the present stage, the hot residual anodes are hoisted by using a crown block, and then new cold anodes are replaced, because the temperature in the aluminum electrolysis cell exceeds 900 ℃, the heat is completely maintained by depending on the power consumption, and the power consumption of each anode is about 400KW from the normal temperature to the cell temperature. The more serious problem is that the normal temperature anode is added into the high temperature aluminum electrolytic tank, because the severe change of the temperature leads to the thermal expansion of the anode surface, the crack is easy to generate, the anode is peeled off to form carbon slag in the aluminum liquid, and the quality of the filtrate is influenced.
In view of the above, the present invention has been developed based on the comprehensive consideration of energy saving, reduction of investment and operation cost of purification systems, improvement of production quality of aluminum electrolysis processes, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for cooling and saving water by using flue gas of an aluminum electrolysis cell and preheating an anode by using waste heat, and aims to solve the problems that the existing aluminum electrolysis cell has large heat waste caused by flue gas discharge, the high flue gas temperature causes high actual investment cost, large occupied area and easy adverse effect on the service life of a filter material of an electrolysis flue gas dry purification system, the high flue gas temperature causes overhigh water consumption of the electrolysis flue gas desulfurization system, the replacement of the electrolysis cell by using a new anode at normal temperature causes easy slag dropping, high energy consumption and the like.
In order to solve the problems, the method for utilizing the flue gas of the aluminum electrolysis cell to reduce the temperature and save water and utilizing the waste heat to preheat the anode is adopted, and the heat generated after the heat exchange of the flue gas waste heat discharged by the aluminum electrolysis cell is used for preheating the aluminum electrolysis anode so as to realize the comprehensive utilization of energy, reduce the flue gas treatment volume of an aluminum electrolysis flue gas purification system and save the investment cost and the occupied area of the flue gas purification system.
In the method, the flue gas waste heat generated by the aluminum electrolysis cell is subjected to heat recovery, and the waste heat recovery position is arranged on a smoke exhaust pipeline in front of the inlet of the aluminum electrolysis flue gas purification system.
In the method, the mode of recovering the flue gas waste heat of the aluminum electrolysis cell is a gas-gas or gas-water indirect heat exchange mode, and hot air or hot water generated by the flue gas waste heat through a heat exchanger is used as a medium.
In the method, the flue gas waste heat generated by the aluminum electrolytic cell is recycled and then used for heating the anode for aluminum electrolytic cell production, and the heating medium is hot air or hot water generated by a heat exchanger.
In the method, the mode of heating the electrode by using the waste heat of the flue gas adopts a centralized heating mode or a module-divided heating mode.
The invention also provides a device for cooling and saving water by using the flue gas of the aluminum electrolysis cell and preheating the anode by using waste heat, which comprises a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is arranged on a flue gas exhaust pipeline of the aluminum electrolysis cell between an aluminum electrolysis workshop and an electrolysis flue gas dry purification system, the flue gas inlet end and the flue gas outlet end of the heat exchanger are respectively provided with a first temperature and pressure detection device and a second temperature and pressure detection device, a hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe leading out a heat absorption medium on the heat exchanger is connected to the anode preheating system, and a fan or a circulating water pump and a third temperature and pressure detection device are arranged on the hot air.
In the device, the anode preheating system is an anode modular preheating system and/or an anode centralized preheating system, the anode modular preheating system comprises a plurality of anode preheating modules, each anode preheating module is internally provided with 1 or 2 anode trays, each anode preheating module is respectively connected with a hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe through a heat medium branch pipeline with an electric regulating valve, heat medium introduced from the hot air smoke pipe or the hot water pipe is used for heating the anode on the anode tray in the anode preheating module, and the electric regulating valve is used for regulating/switching heating; the anode centralized preheating system comprises an anode centralized preheating workshop internally provided with a plurality of anode trays, the anode centralized preheating workshop is also connected with a hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe through a heating medium branch pipeline with a second electric regulating valve for regulation and on-off heating, and the heating temperature of the anode can be controlled according to the adjustment of actual conditions and heating time.
In the above device, the heat exchanger is a gas-gas heat exchanger or a gas-water heat exchanger.
Compared with the prior art, the heat exchanger (the gas-gas heat exchanger or the gas-water heat exchanger) is arranged in front of the inlet of the dust remover of the aluminum electrolysis flue gas dry purification system, the heat in the flue gas is recovered into hot air or hot water, the heat medium is introduced into the aluminum anode concentration or module treatment system through the fan or the water pump to heat the anode, the air is emptied (the hot water using water as the heat medium is recycled) after the anode is heated, and the heated anode is added into the aluminum electrolysis cell for use. Because the flue gas entering the dust remover of the dry purification system is cooled, the volume of the flue gas is contracted, the filtering area of the dust remover of the purification system is reduced, the occupied area is reduced, and the service life of the filter bag is prolonged; the dry purification system is connected with the desulfurization system, and the volume is reduced after the temperature of the flue gas is reduced, so that the model selection of the washing tower for wet desulfurization or the bag-type dust remover for semi-dry desulfurization can be reduced, the investment cost and the occupied area are reduced, and the water consumption for desulfurization can be obviously reduced.
Because the new anode replaced by the aluminum electrolytic cell is changed from normal temperature to the preheating hot anode, the thermal shock of the anode in the electrolytic cell can be effectively relieved, the generation of anode cracks and carbon slag in the electrolytic cell are reduced, and the quality of the electrolytic aluminum product is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
wherein: 1-an aluminum electrolysis plant, 2-an electrolysis bath exhaust pipeline, 3-a first temperature and pressure detection device, 4-a gas-gas heat exchanger or a gas-water heat exchanger, 5-a purification system inlet smoke pipe, 6-a second temperature and pressure detection device, 7-an electrolysis smoke dry purification system, 8-a dry purification system outlet smoke pipe, 9-an inlet wet desulfurization system smoke pipe, 10-a wet desulfurization system, 11-an exhaust fan, 12-a desulfurization washing tower, 13-a circulating slurry system, 14-an inlet semi-dry desulfurization system smoke pipe, 15-a semi-dry desulfurization system, 16-an absorption tower, 17-a desulfurization dust remover inlet smoke pipe, 18-a semi-dry desulfurization dust remover, 19-an exhaust fan, 20-a chimney, 21-a desulfurization water system, 22-outdoor air or heating circulating water, 23-a fan or a circulating water pump, 24-a hot air flue pipe or a hot water pipe, 25-a third temperature and pressure detection device, 26-an anode modular preheating system, 27-an electric regulating valve, 28-an anode preheating module, 29-an anode tray, 30-a second electric regulating valve, 31-an anode centralized preheating system and 32-an anode centralized preheating workshop.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for utilizing flue gas of an aluminum electrolysis cell to reduce temperature and save water and utilizing waste heat to preheat an anode, and the method is characterized in that heat generated by heat exchange of the flue gas waste heat discharged by the aluminum electrolysis cell is used for preheating the aluminum electrolysis anode so as to realize comprehensive utilization of energy, reduce the flue gas treatment volume of an aluminum electrolysis flue gas purification system and save the investment cost and the occupied area of the flue gas purification system.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out heat recovery on flue gas waste heat generated by an aluminum electrolysis cell, wherein the waste heat recovery position is on a smoke exhaust pipeline in front of an inlet of an aluminum electrolysis flue gas purification system, the mode of recovering the flue gas waste heat of the aluminum electrolysis cell is a gas-gas or gas-water indirect heat exchange mode, hot air or hot water generated by the flue gas waste heat through a heat exchanger is used as a medium, the flue gas waste heat generated by the aluminum electrolysis cell is recovered and then used for heating an anode for aluminum electrolysis cell production, the heating medium is the hot air or hot water generated by the heat exchanger, and the mode of heating an electrode by the flue gas waste heat adopts a.
The structural improvement made by the method is as follows, the method comprises a heat exchanger 4, the heat exchanger 4 is a gas-gas heat exchanger or a gas-water heat exchanger, the heat exchanger 4 is arranged on an electrolysis bath exhaust pipe 2 between an aluminum electrolysis workshop 1 and an electrolysis flue gas dry purification system 7, a first temperature and pressure detection device 3 and a second temperature and pressure detection device 6 are respectively arranged at the flue gas inlet end and the flue gas outlet end of the heat exchanger 4, a hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe 24 leading out heat absorption media on the heat exchanger 4 is connected to an anode preheating system, a fan or a circulating water pump 23 and a third temperature and pressure detection device 25 are arranged on the hot air smoke pipe or the hot water pipe 24, the temperature of the flue gas before entering the heat exchanger 4 is in the range of 110-150 ℃ (winter, summer, south, north and north are all influenced by controlling the flow of the fan or the circulating water pump 23 of the heat exchanger to, and the cooled flue gas enters an electrolytic flue gas dry purification system 7 through a purification system inlet flue pipe 5 to be subjected to defluorination and dust removal, the defluorinated and dust-removed flue gas enters a desulfurization system, the commonly used desulfurization system for the aluminum electrolysis flue gas is divided into a wet desulfurization system 10 and a semi-dry desulfurization system 15, and the flue gas is discharged after desulfurization. As the flue gas is cooled, the volume of the flue gas is reduced, the equipment selection of the electrolytic flue gas dry purification system 7 and the semi-dry desulphurization dust remover 18, the desulphurization washing tower 12 and the smoke exhaust pipeline (the dry purification system outlet smoke pipe 8, the wet desulphurization system smoke pipe 9, the semi-dry desulphurization system smoke pipe 14 and the desulphurization dust remover inlet smoke pipe 17) is reduced, the investment cost is reduced, and the most important water evaporation capacity of the circulating slurry system 13 configured in the wet desulphurization system 10 and the water consumption capacity of the desulphurization water system 21 configured in the semi-dry desulphurization system 15 after the flue gas is cooled are obviously reduced.
A hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe 24 carrying heat of the electrolytic flue gas is provided with a third temperature and pressure detection device 25 for detecting the temperature and pressure of a heating medium (air or water), the temperature and pressure of the heating medium are adjusted by the rotating speed of a fan or a circulating water pump 23 of the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the heating medium is controlled between 90 ℃ and 130 ℃. The anode preheating mode is divided into two types, one type is an anode modularized preheating system 26, the other type is an anode centralized preheating system 31, namely the anode preheating system comprises an anode modularized preheating system 26 and an anode centralized preheating system 31, the anode modularized preheating system 26 comprises a plurality of anode preheating modules 28, 1 or 2 anode trays 29 are arranged in each anode preheating module 28, each anode preheating module 28 is respectively connected with a hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe 24 through a heat medium branch pipeline with an electric regulating valve 27, heat medium introduced from the hot air smoke pipe or the hot water pipe 24 is used for heating the anode on the anode tray 29 in the anode preheating module 28, and the electric regulating valve 27 is used for regulating/switching heating; the anode centralized preheating system 31 comprises an anode centralized preheating workshop 32 with a plurality of anode trays 29 arranged inside, wherein the anode centralized preheating workshop 32 is also connected with a hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe 24 through a heating medium branch pipeline with a second electric regulating valve 30 and is used for regulating and switching on and off heating, and the heating temperature of the anode can be controlled according to the actual condition and the adjustment of the heating time.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and should be considered as belonging to the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for cooling and saving water by using the flue gas of the aluminum electrolysis cell and preheating the anode by using the waste heat is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is characterized in that heat generated by heat exchange of flue gas waste heat discharged by the aluminum electrolysis cell is used for preheating an aluminum electrolysis anode.
2. The method for utilizing the flue gas of the aluminum electrolysis cell to cool and save water and preheat the anode by waste heat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the waste heat of the flue gas generated by the aluminum electrolysis cell is recovered, and the waste heat recovery position is arranged on a smoke exhaust pipeline in front of the inlet of the aluminum electrolysis flue gas purification system.
3. The method for utilizing the flue gas of the aluminum electrolysis cell to cool and save water and preheat the anode by waste heat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method for recovering the flue gas waste heat of the aluminum electrolysis cell is a gas-gas or gas-water indirect heat exchange method, and hot air or hot water generated by the flue gas waste heat through a heat exchanger is used as a medium.
4. The method for utilizing the flue gas of the aluminum electrolysis cell to cool and save water and preheat the anode by waste heat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the waste heat of the flue gas generated by the aluminum electrolytic cell is recovered and then used for heating the anode for the production of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and the heating medium is hot air or hot water generated by a heat exchanger.
5. The method for utilizing the flue gas of the aluminum electrolysis cell to cool and save water and preheat the anode by waste heat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mode of heating the electrode by using the waste heat of the flue gas adopts a centralized heating mode or a sub-module heating mode.
6. A device for utilizing the flue gas of an aluminum electrolysis cell to cool and save water and preheat an anode by waste heat is characterized in that: the device comprises a heat exchanger (4), wherein the heat exchanger (4) is arranged on an electrolysis bath exhaust pipe (2) between an aluminum electrolysis workshop (1) and an electrolysis flue gas dry purification system (7), a flue gas inlet end and an outlet end of the heat exchanger (4) are respectively provided with a first warm-pressing detection device (3) and a second warm-pressing detection device (6), a hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe (24) leading out a heat absorption medium on the heat exchanger (4) is connected to an anode preheating system, and a fan or a circulating water pump (23) and a third warm-pressing detection device (25) are arranged on the hot air smoke pipe or the hot water pipe (24).
7. The device for cooling, saving water and preheating the anode by using the waste heat of the aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the anode preheating system is an anode modular preheating system (26) and/or an anode centralized preheating system (31), the anode modular preheating system (26) comprises a plurality of anode preheating modules (28), each anode preheating module (28) is internally provided with 1 or 2 anode trays (29), each anode preheating module (28) is respectively connected with a hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe (24) through a heat medium branch pipeline with an electric regulating valve (27), heat is introduced from the hot air smoke pipe or the hot water pipe (24) to heat the anode on the anode tray (29) in the anode preheating module (28), and the electric regulating valve (27) is used for regulating/switching heating; the anode centralized preheating system (31) comprises an anode centralized preheating workshop (32) internally provided with a plurality of anode trays (29), wherein the anode centralized preheating workshop (32) is also connected with a hot air smoke pipe or a hot water pipe (24) through a heating medium branch pipeline with a second electric regulating valve (30) and is used for regulating, switching and heating, and the heating temperature of the anode can be controlled according to the actual condition and the adjustment of the heating time.
8. The device for cooling, saving water and preheating the anode by using the waste heat of the aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the heat exchanger (4) is a gas-gas heat exchanger or a gas-water heat exchanger.
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| CN202010741335.4A CN112195485A (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | Method and device for cooling and saving water by using flue gas of aluminum electrolysis cell and preheating anode by using waste heat |
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| CN202010741335.4A CN112195485A (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2020-07-29 | Method and device for cooling and saving water by using flue gas of aluminum electrolysis cell and preheating anode by using waste heat |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113188127A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-07-30 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Carbon slag powder burning system of electrolytic cell |
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| CN205474028U (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-08-17 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminium electroloysis flue gas waste heat utilization system |
| CN207062390U (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-03-02 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of preheating device of aluminium electroloysis assembling anode |
| CN107059056A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-08-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of aluminium cell of full automatic high efficiency cleaning |
| CN107090588A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-08-25 | 河南工程学院 | A kind of heat preservation of aluminium electrolytic cell regulation and afterheat utilizing system |
| CN108624917A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-10-09 | 林州市中泰科技有限公司 | Preheating device and pre-heating mean before a kind of anode or the assembling of phosphorus pig iron raw material |
| CN109811369A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-28 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | A kind of aluminum cell smoke residual heat reclaiming |
| CN212895012U (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2021-04-06 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Device for cooling and saving water and preheating anode by using flue gas of aluminum electrolysis cell and waste heat |
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