CN112194535A - Composite material of tobacco powder and vinasse for inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite material of tobacco powder and vinasse for inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112194535A CN112194535A CN202011094651.3A CN202011094651A CN112194535A CN 112194535 A CN112194535 A CN 112194535A CN 202011094651 A CN202011094651 A CN 202011094651A CN 112194535 A CN112194535 A CN 112194535A
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- composite material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Plant Pathology (AREA)
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Abstract
Discloses a composite material for inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests, which comprises a solid matrix and a zymophyte agent; wherein the fermenting agent is selected from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In addition, a preparation method of the composite material is also disclosed. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a solid matrix composed of tobacco powder, vinasse and rice hulls are subjected to solid fermentation, and the obtained composite material has a good biological control effect on pepper wilt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil restoration and improvement; relates to a composite material of tobacco powder and vinasse for inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Since 2013, the average annual output value of the peppers is the top of various vegetables in China, and the planting area of the peppers is continuously enlarged. In the growth process of hot pepper, hot pepper wilt is one of serious soil-borne diseases in the production process of hot pepper, and the disease is first reported in China in the 50 th of the 20 th century.
Studies have shown that pepper blight is commonly caused by fusarium oxysporum. Spores of fusarium oxysporum can remain pathogenic for 10 years when they survive in soil or air. Because fusarium oxysporum can form chlamydospores to resist environmental change and infringement, no economic and effective method is available for preventing, controlling and eradicating the disease; once onset, it is difficult to eradicate. Moreover, pathogenic bacteria of pepper blight can be accumulated in soil year by year, and particularly, the pepper blight is aggravated year by year in the soil with single pepper continuous cropping for a long time, so that huge economic loss is caused to agricultural production.
The chemical prevention method can prevent and treat the pepper wilt to a certain extent, but has high use cost, high toxicity and serious environmental pollution. The biological control method has the advantages of low cost, no environmental pollution and the like, but the existing biological material has an unsatisfactory control effect on the pepper wilt. Therefore, microbial strains with high pepper wilt resistance are discovered or screened in the prior art, and a biocontrol material capable of effectively preventing pepper wilt is developed, so that the application prospect is wide.
Chinese patent CN102443559B and biological control effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 41B-1 on peanut southern blight disclose a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for controlling cotton verticillium wilt and peanut southern blight and application thereof. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens is nontoxic to human and livestock, harmless to crops, green and environment-friendly, has obvious effects of preventing and treating cotton verticillium wilt and peanut southern blight, and has good development prospect of biological materials. However, the effect of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on controlling pepper wilt has not been studied.
Aiming at the technical defects in the prior art, a composite material for inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests, particularly preventing and treating pepper wilt and a preparation method thereof are urgently needed. The inventor finds that the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a solid matrix composed of tobacco powder, vinasse and rice hulls are subjected to solid fermentation together, and the obtained composite material has a good biological control effect on pepper wilt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite material for inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests. The composite material can more effectively realize the biological control effect on the pepper wilt.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the composite material. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for large-scale production.
In order to achieve the above objects, in one aspect, the present invention provides a composite for inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests, comprising a solid substrate and a fermentation bacterial agent; the method is characterized in that the fermentation microbial inoculum is selected from a bacillus amyloliquefaciens microbial inoculum.
The composite material is characterized in that the solid matrix is composed of tobacco powder, corn vinasse and rice hulls.
The composite material provided by the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of the corn vinasse to the tobacco powder is (3-5): 1.
the composite material provided by the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of the rice hulls to the tobacco powder is (1-2): 1.
the composite material provided by the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of the fermentation inoculum to the solid matrix is 100: (10-15).
The composite material is characterized in that the fermentation inoculum is prepared according to the following method: preparing a PDA slant culture medium, sterilizing, inoculating Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and culturing at 30-35 deg.C for 4-6 days to obtain spore suspension of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; preparing a seed liquid culture medium, inoculating spore suspension of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the inoculation amount of 1-3% after sterilization, and carrying out shaking culture on a shaking table at 30-35 ℃ and 180-260rpm for 3-5 days to obtain the fermentation microbial inoculum.
The composite material of the invention, wherein the PDA slant culture medium is: 200g of potatoes; 20g of glucose; 18g of agar; 1000g of distilled water.
The composite material provided by the invention is characterized in that the seed liquid culture medium is: 200g of potatoes; 20g of glucose; 1g of magnesium sulfate; 0.012g of ferric sulfate; 0.003 of manganese sulfate; 0.002% of zinc sulfate; 4g of monopotassium phosphate; 1.5g of sodium nitrate; 1.2g of ammonium sulfate; 1.5g of calcium chloride; 1000g of distilled water.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the composite material according to the present invention, the method comprising: mixing the solid matrix and the fermentation inoculum in a container according to the formula ratio, and adding distilled water with the weight 2-3 times of the sum of the weight of the solid matrix and the fermentation inoculum; placing the container in a compost fermentation tray, wherein the compost height is 5-15cm, and performing solid fermentation at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to obtain the composite material.
The preparation method provided by the invention is characterized in that the solid fermentation time is 20-30 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the prior art, the composite material can more effectively realize the biological control effect on the pepper wilt.
(2) The preparation method of the composite material is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, percentages in the examples are uniformly percentages by mass.
In the present invention, bacillus amyloliquefaciens is from the university of agriculture of Nanjing. The original strain is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center of the Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, and the preservation date is as follows: 2011, 12 month and 13 days, the preservation number is: CGMCC No. 5582.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a PDA slant culture medium, inoculating the bacillus amyloliquefaciens after sterilization, and culturing for 5 days at 32 ℃ to obtain a spore suspension of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The PDA slant culture medium comprises: 200g of potatoes; 20g of glucose; 18g of agar; 1000g of distilled water.
(2) Preparing a seed liquid culture medium, inoculating spore suspension of bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the inoculation amount of 2 percent after sterilization, and carrying out shaking culture on a shaking table at 32 ℃ and 220rpm for 4 days to obtain the fermentation inoculum. The seed liquid culture medium comprises: 200g of potatoes; 20g of glucose; 1g of magnesium sulfate; 0.012g of ferric sulfate; 0.003 of manganese sulfate; 0.002% of zinc sulfate; 4g of monopotassium phosphate; 1.5g of sodium nitrate; 1.2g of ammonium sulfate; 1.5g of calcium chloride; 1000g of distilled water.
(3) According to the proportion of the corn vinasse: rice hull: the weight ratio of the tobacco powder is 4: 1.5: 1, preparing the solid matrix. According to the weight ratio of the fermentation inoculum to the solid matrix of 100: 12, mixing the solid matrix and the zymophyte agent in a container, and then adding distilled water with the weight 2 times of the sum of the weight of the solid matrix and the zymophyte agent; the container was placed in a compost fermentation tray at a compost height of 10cm, and subjected to solid fermentation at 30 ℃ for 25 days to obtain a composite material of example 1.
The composite material of example 1 and a control group (corn distillers grains: rice hull: tobacco powder solid matrix in a weight ratio of 4: 1.5: 1) were mixed with soil in a weight ratio of 1: 1, mixing and subpackaging into flowerpots. Adding water to saturation, and standing at room temperature for 5 days. Extracting Capsici fructus seedling of 5 days, cleaning root matrix, and concentrating to 1 × 10-6Each/ml suspension of the pepper blight spore is inoculated for 30min and then transplanted into the flowerpot substrate of example 1 and the control group. Each group had 20 seedlings. The plant height and fresh weight of stem and leaf of pepper seedlings and incidence (%) of pepper wilt were measured, respectively, 30 days after treatment.
The results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Plant height (cm) | Fresh weight of stem and leaf (g) | Incidence (%) | |
| Examples1 | 12.5 | 2.3 | 25 |
| Control group | 8.7 | 1.6 | 85 |
It should be understood that the detailed description of the invention is merely illustrative of the spirit and principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, deletions, modifications or adjustments may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure of the present invention, and such equivalents are also within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A composite material for inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests, which comprises a solid matrix and a zymophyte agent; the method is characterized in that the fermentation microbial inoculum is selected from a bacillus amyloliquefaciens microbial inoculum.
2. The composite of claim 1, wherein the solid substrate is comprised of tobacco dust, corn distillers grains, rice hulls.
3. The composite material of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of corn distillers grains to tobacco ends is (3-5): 1.
4. the composite of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of rice hulls to tobacco dust is (1-2): 1.
5. the composite material of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the fermentation inoculum to the solid substrate is 100: (10-15).
6. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation inoculum is prepared according to the following method: preparing a PDA slant culture medium, sterilizing, inoculating Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and culturing at 30-35 deg.C for 4-6 days to obtain spore suspension of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; preparing a seed liquid culture medium, inoculating spore suspension of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the inoculation amount of 1-3% after sterilization, and carrying out shaking culture on a shaking table at 30-35 ℃ and 180-260rpm for 3-5 days to obtain the fermentation microbial inoculum.
7. The composite material of claim 6, wherein the PDA slant medium is: 200g of potatoes; 20g of glucose; 18g of agar; 1000g of distilled water.
8. The composite material of claim 6, wherein the seed liquid medium is: 200g of potatoes; 20g of glucose; 1g of magnesium sulfate; 0.012g of ferric sulfate; 0.003 of manganese sulfate; 0.002% of zinc sulfate; 4g of monopotassium phosphate; 1.5g of sodium nitrate; 1.2g of ammonium sulfate; 1.5g of calcium chloride; 1000g of distilled water.
9. A method of making a composite material according to any one of claims 1-8, the method comprising: mixing the solid matrix and the fermentation inoculum in a container according to the formula ratio, and adding distilled water with the weight 2-3 times of the sum of the weight of the solid matrix and the fermentation inoculum; placing the container in a compost fermentation tray, wherein the compost height is 5-15cm, and performing solid fermentation at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to obtain the composite material.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the solid fermentation time is 20 to 30 days.
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| CN202011094651.3A CN112194535A (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2020-10-14 | Composite material of tobacco powder and vinasse for inhibiting crop diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof |
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