CN112194533A

CN112194533A - Enzyme medicinal fertilizer for both medicinal fertilizer and preparation and use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112194533A
Application number: CN202010993116.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张荣萍; 周建军
Original assignee: Hainan University
Current assignee: Hainan University
Priority date: 2020-09-21
Filing date: 2020-09-21
Publication date: 2021-01-08

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and disease and insect prevention, and discloses a dual-purpose enzyme fertilizer and a preparation method and a use method thereof. The ferment medical fertilizer is prepared from sweet wormwood stem leaves, brown sugar and water, and contains a large amount of nutrient substances required by crops, including amino acids, proteins, glucose, various vitamins, various major and medium trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and the like; also contains high-activity growth regulating substances and antibacterial substances, including probiotics and enzymes, organic acids, biological hormones and the like generated by metabolism of the probiotics; the fertilizer has the effects of promoting the growth and development of crops, improving the yield and quality of the crops, enhancing the resistance of the crops to diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi and various insect pests such as aphids and cabbage caterpillars, improving the soil and the like; the pesticide is nontoxic and pollution-free, can decompose residual substances and toxins of chemical pesticides, and is environment-friendly; the ferment medical fertilizer produced by the invention is suitable for China, and has wide sources of production raw materials, simple preparation process and low cost.

Description

Enzyme medicinal fertilizer for both medicinal fertilizer and preparation and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and disease and insect prevention, and particularly relates to a dual-purpose enzyme fertilizer and a preparation method and a use method thereof.

Background

At present, with the development of economy, the living standard of people is gradually improved, and the demand on safe and high-quality agricultural products is increasingly greater. To produce safe and high-quality agricultural products, natural materials are required to be adopted as much as possible, virtuous circle of an agricultural system is promoted, and functions of various natural animal and plant materials are fully developed and utilized.

The normal growth of crops needs fast, slow, stable, long and complete nutrient elements; when the vitality of the plant is strong, the plant has strong resistance, and can resist various plant diseases and insect pests and unfavorable natural disasters such as temperature, moisture and the like. The nature has a phase growth and restriction law, and balanced nutrition can be obtained and the development of plant diseases and insect pests can be inhibited by selecting proper animal and plant and microbial material materials. Nature is an inexhaustible natural treasury.

The ferment liquid and the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by fermentation can not only supply nutrient elements necessary for plant growth, but also can generate certain hormones for promoting plant growth or microorganisms having antagonism, competition and other effects with harmful microorganisms, and inhibit the propagation of the harmful microorganisms. Has both specific functional microbes and high organic matter content.

Research reports that the brown sugar fermentation liquor prepared from brown sugar, yeast and clear water can not only prevent and treat cucumber bacterial spot disease, gray mold and downy mildew, but also stimulate the growth of cucumber, prolong the harvesting period and improve the yield and quality of cucumber. The garlic ferment, namely the garlic ferment, can effectively prevent and treat diseases such as cucumber powdery mildew, cucumber downy mildew, tomato leaf mold, strawberry powdery mildew, gray mold and the like. The fermentation liquor prepared from perilla, mint and the like can improve the vegetative growth condition of pear trees and can effectively inhibit the occurrence of pear scab, ring spot and rot. Research reports that 30 mu g/mL alcohol extracts of 5 Chinese herbal medicines including Indigofera tinctoria, hosta plantaginea, brucea javanica, cynanchum atratum and quassia have good Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) resisting activity, the inhibition rate is higher than 70.44%, and the antiviral activity of the alcohol extracts is higher than that of ningnanmycin, wherein the antiviral activity of the Indigofera tinctoria is the best, and the inhibition rate can reach 90.70%. The ginger fermentation liquor has a strong inhibiting effect on ralstonia solanacearum, and the garlic and ginger fermentation liquor have good repelling and poisoning effects on tetranychus cinnabarinus. Therefore, the proper plant ferment or the extract thereof not only promotes the growth of crops, but also has certain control effect on the diseases and insect pests of the crops. The research on multifunctional enzymes such as artemisia apiacea enzyme is very weak.

The problems of the existing bio-organic fertilizer and ferment liquid are that:

(1) the solid bio-organic fertilizer has large dosage, high price and high cost. Sufficient soil organic matter is the basis of ideal soil, significantly affecting the quality and yield of agricultural products. The organic matter content of the soil is 3% or more, and more than 3 tons of organic fertilizer or straw are applied to each mu every year. The solid-state bio-organic fertilizer occupies large space, takes labor and is inconvenient to transport. The production price of the refined biological fertilizer per ton is 2000-4000 yuan, and the production price of the high-quality biological organic fertilizer per ton is 800-1200 yuan.

(2) The development of highly effective enzyme solutions is limited. The ferment liquid has the advantages of quick preparation and quick absorption effect, and at present, some ferment liquids have the functions of preventing and treating diseases or expelling insects. The enzyme solution which can simultaneously provide plant nutrients and efficiently prevent and treat diseases and insect pests is worthy of vigorous development.

The difficulty and significance for solving the technical problems are as follows:

the ferment pesticide fertilizer has rich nutrition, good disease prevention and insect expelling effects, wide source of raw materials for production, simple preparation process and low cost.

Herba Artemisiae Annuae is an annual herb, is Artemisia annua L of Artemisia of Compositae, and contains bitter substance, volatile oil, artemisinin, vitamin A, etc. Herba Artemisiae Annuae has effects of clearing away summer-heat, removing toxic substance, and preventing malaria, and can be used for treating fever due to summer-heat, fever due to yin deficiency, fever due to night fever, hectic fever due to yin deficiency, malaria, jaundice due to damp-heat pathogen, and killing pathogenic microorganisms and parasites. The sweet wormwood material is fermented into enzyme for use, so that the enzyme can effectively prevent and treat insect pests and diseases such as aphids, corn borers, cabbage caterpillars, cucumber fusarium wilt and the like while providing rich plant nutrient elements. The fertilizer is made of local materials, has obvious effect, changes waste into valuable, saves transportation cost and reduces the cost of the organic fertilizer. The cost of per ton of artemisia apiacea enzyme, namely 100 kilograms of plant materials with rich red sugar content is about 250-300 yuan, and the cost is reduced along with the increase of the scale. The requirements of temperature, moisture, C/N, oxygen and the like of fermentation production can realize high-quality fermentation as long as the operation is standard, strict and hard and fast and the aerobic fermentation of the microorganisms is promoted.

In a word, the sweet wormwood enzyme produced by the invention has the characteristics of suitability for China, wide raw material source for production, simple and convenient technology, quick absorption and strong function, can improve soil and decompose soil, provides comprehensive, quick-acting, slow-release, stable and long-lasting nutrients for crops, can improve the stress resistance of the crops, and can prevent and control diseases and various insect pests caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi of the crops in a broad spectrum.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a dual-purpose ferment pesticide fertilizer and a preparation and use method thereof.

The raw materials of the sweet wormwood enzyme used for both medicine and fertilizer are 1 kg of brown sugar, 3 kg of sweet wormwood stems and leaves and 10 kg of water.

The preparation and use method of the medicine and fertilizer dual-purpose artemisia apiacea enzyme comprises the following steps:

step one, preparing materials, sealing a plastic container, sweet wormwood, brown sugar and water.

Step two, material treatment, namely cutting the stem leaves of the sweet wormwood herb into small sections of about 10 cm; boiling water, adding brown sugar, sterilizing, melting, cooling, adding into container containing plant material, mixing, covering, and sealing.

And step three, stirring the treated materials for at least 1 time every day to ensure aerobic fermentation.

And step four, spraying the fully fermented artemisia apiacea enzyme by using 10 times of diluent once every 5 days in the high incidence period of plant diseases and insect pests. The concentration is increased to 5 times of the diluent in the disease and pest occurrence period.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:

(1) the mixed fermentation liquor contains rich nutrient components such as saccharides, organic acids, minerals, vitamins, phenols, terpenes and the like, and some important biological active substances such as enzymes and the like;

(2) the humic substance content is high, and the major, medium and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and the like are balanced;

(3) part of pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs and grass seeds can be killed in the fermentation process;

(4) promoting the growth and development of crops, enhancing the stress resistance, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, increasing the yield and improving the quality;

(5) the pesticide is nontoxic and pollution-free, and can decompose residual substances and toxins of chemical pesticides;

(6) the fertilizer technology realizes high quality, high yield, high stress resistance (stable yield), ecological and safe cultivation.

The preparation method of the sweet wormwood enzyme has the characteristics of wide sources of production raw materials, simple and convenient operation, quick absorption and strong functions, is suitable for China, can improve and decompose soil, provides comprehensive, quick-acting, slow-release, stable and long-term nutrients for crops, can adjust the stress resistance of the crops, and can prevent and control diseases and various insect pests caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi of the crops in a broad spectrum.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing and using artemisia apiacea ferment for both medicine and fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control of aphids by artemisia apiacea ferment provided by the embodiment of the invention (2018).

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the analysis of the control effect of the artemisia apiacea ferment on cucumber pests provided by the embodiment of the invention (2019).

Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the effect of the abrotanum ferment on cucumber yield provided by the embodiment of the present invention (2019).

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a fermented cucumber field provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The sweet wormwood enzyme for both medicine and fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention consists of brown sugar, sweet wormwood and water.

The raw materials of the fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention adopt the principle of local materials.

The fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following important technical indexes: the content of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent; organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent; the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.

The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the preparation and use method of the dual-purpose artemisia apiacea enzyme for medicine and fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically includes the following steps:

s101: the materials are prepared, 1 kg of brown sugar, 3 kg of sweet wormwood stems and leaves and 10 kg of water.

S102: processing materials, namely cutting the sweet wormwood herb materials into small sections of about 10 cm; boiling water, adding brown sugar, sterilizing, melting, cooling, adding into container containing plant material, and sealing with cover.

S103: the treated material is stirred at least 1 time per day.

S104: after full aerobic fermentation, the finished product is transparent and optimal in brown color, optimal in green grass fragrance and colloidal.

The application principle of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the characteristics of the present fertilizer.

Plant raw material of enzyme medical fertilizer

Artemisia annua (Artemisia carvifolia) is a annually grown herb. The plants have fragrance. The common planets are scattered in sand lands, valleys, forest edges, roadside and the like of low-altitude and humid riversides and are also found in coastal areas. The arteether extract, diluted alcohol extract and artemisinin can obviously inhibit growth of plasmodium falciparum anerobic body and have direct killing effect. The sweet wormwood water decoction has strong bacteriostatic action on staphylococcus epidermidis, catacoccus, bacillus anthracis and diphtheria, and also has certain inhibitory action on staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella dysenteriae, tubercle bacillus and the like.

Therefore, the sweet wormwood enzyme prepared by using various local Chinese herbal medicine plants for sterilizing and expelling insects has flexible materials, contains rich nutrient components such as saccharides, organic acids, mineral substances, vitamins, phenols and terpenes and the like and mixed fermentation liquor of biological active substances such as important enzymes and the like, and can realize better efficacy of the pesticide fertilizer under proper concentration and dosage.

(II) the ferment medical fertilizer has simple and convenient preparation technology and strong functions

Firstly, the ferment medical fertilizer is processed by adding brown sugar water and then naturally carrying out aerobic fermentation, has simple materials, quick fermentation and good effect, contains balanced plant nutrient elements, a large amount of effective viable bacteria and high-activity biological enzyme, can be quickly absorbed by crops after being sprayed or irrigated with roots, and promotes the roots, leaves, stems, flowers and fruits of the crops to quickly grow.

Secondly, beneficial live bacteria in the bacterial manure propagate in a large amount in the soil, and various animal and plant residues in the soil are quickly decomposed, and fixed elements in the soil are dissolved, so that the purposes of potassium dissolution, phosphorus release, nitrogen fixation and soil pollutant decomposition are achieved, and the soil is quickly improved. The biological fertilizer is applied to lean or hardened lands and lands with serious pest and disease damage, and the effect is more obvious.

Generally speaking, no matter the fertilizer is a single high-efficiency chemical fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, or a binary (nitrogen, potassium) and ternary (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) compound fertilizer, no matter the fertilizer is a water fertilizer or a powdery solid organic fertilizer, the fertilizer cannot be compared with the fertilizer. The sweet wormwood enzyme has the functions of quick, comprehensive and lasting and stable fertilizer effect, contains rich nutrients such as saccharides, organic acids, mineral substances, vitamins, phenols, terpenes and the like, and some important bioactive substances such as enzymes and the like, can quickly improve soil, enables crops to quickly grow, activates metabolic activity and stress resistance, inhibits plant diseases and insect pests and enhances the resistance to natural disasters.

The application of the principles of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1:

and (3) enzyme cucumber test:

the schematic diagram of the cucumber field efficiently cultivated by using the artemisia apiacea enzyme provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 5.

The results show that: if 300L of sweet wormwood ferment and the like are used in each 667 square meter cucumber field, and no chemical fertilizer, no pesticide and no hormone are used, the fruit nutrient is rich, the taste and flavor are thick, the safety quality is highest, the yield is increased by more than 10%, the economic benefit is improved by 5-10 times, particularly, the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil are effectively improved, the permeability of the soil and the water and fertilizer retention capacity are enhanced, and the fertilizer is the best fertilizer for developing the production of green ecological agricultural products.

At present, the production and supply of domestic composite efficient medicine-fertilizer dual-purpose bio-organic fertilizer are very scarce, the price is high, and the average dosage is 2800 yuan/ton. The key points of quality assurance, supply quantity increase, scale management and price reduction are the vigorous development of biological pesticide fertilizer products. After the enzyme is used, the biological organic fertilizer can be replaced by the common organic fertilizer (800 plus 1000 yuan/ton), so that the composting cost of the biological organic fertilizer is saved by 2000 plus 3000 yuan/mu.

At present, the cost of fertilizer and pesticide for vegetable crops is about 300-500 yuan/mu, and enzyme with the same price can be used for replacing the fertilizer and pesticide. Calculated according to 200L-300L/mu (equivalent to 120 Yuan/mu of brown sugar) per year, the demand of 18 hundred million acres of cultivated land in China for the artemisia apiacea enzymes is 3.6-5.4 hundred million tons/year.

The yield of agricultural products is 2 tons/(mu.year), the unit price is 10 yuan/kg (high economic benefit crops), 2.0 yuan is income per mu of wool, the enzyme investment is 0.3 ton/(mu.year) (equivalent to 200 yuan/mu), the cost of organic fertilizers is 500 yuan/mu, the total cost of machinery, labor, water and electricity charges and the like is 5000 yuan/mu, and the net profit can be kept at 1.4 yuan/mu.

Therefore, with the increase of the supply of the ferment liquid for both pesticide and fertilizer, the range of the applied crops is expanded, and the multifunctional ferment can be produced in a large scale. The delivery wholesale price can be 2000-4000 Yuan/ton, the material cost is calculated according to 500-1000 Yuan/ton, and the profit is 1500-3000 Yuan/ton.

Fig. 2 is a graph showing the effect of artemisia apiacea enzyme on aphid population, wherein the reduction rate (%) of insect population is [ (% of insect population before treatment-residual insect amount after treatment)/number of insect population before treatment ] × 100, and the treatment method comprises the following steps: spraying 5 times of diluted solution of ferment stock solution on the front and back surfaces of the leaf until the leaf is wet, and treating with clear water as a control. The treatment method comprises the following steps: spraying 5 times of diluted solution of ferment stock solution on the front and back surfaces of the leaf until the leaf is wet, and treating with clear water as a control. The oral cavity regression rate (%) [ number of oral cavities before treatment-number of residual insects after treatment)/number of oral cavities before treatment ] × 100. As can be seen from figure 2, the aphid decline rate after the Artemisia apiacea enzyme treatment is 4% -20%, while the clear water contrast is-48.75% -7.50%, and the aphid number after the 3 rd day of treatment has a sudden increase phenomenon. The artemisia apiacea enzyme has an inhibition effect on the survival and reproduction of aphids.

Fig. 3 shows the control effect of the artemisia apiacea ferment on cucumber pests, plants are sprayed with 5 times of diluent of ferment stock solution by a field cultivation method, pest damage indexes are the accumulated value of each series multiplied by the corresponding leaf number/(the highest series multiplied by the total fruit number), and clear water blank treatment is used as a comparison. The field cultivation method is adopted, 5 times of dilution of the ferment stock solution is used for spraying plants, and clear water blank treatment is used as a control. The insect pest index is the accumulated value/(highest number of stages × total number of fruits) of each stage × the number of corresponding leaves. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the sweet wormwood enzyme reduces the insect pest index of the fruit and leaf parts of the cucumber by 46-63%. The artemisia apiacea enzyme has a control effect on the insect damage of the cucumbers.

FIG. 4 analysis of the effect of Artemisia annua enzymes on cucumber yield by spraying plants with 5-fold dilution of enzyme stock solution by field cultivation, and using clear water blank treatment as control. The processing method is the same as that shown in figure 2, the cumulative fruit weight of the processed cucumber is measured, and the yield per unit area is calculated. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the Artemisia apiacea enzyme increased the cucumber yield by 28.92% compared with the clear water blank treatment.

FIG. 5 enzyme cucumber field, which is cultivated by spraying plants with 5 times dilution of enzyme stock solution, and is controlled by clear water blank treatment.

The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The ferment medical fertilizer for both medicine and fertilizer is characterized by being prepared by 1 kilogram of brown sugar, 3 kilograms of sweet wormwood stems and leaves and 10 kilograms of water through aerobic fermentation.

2. The preparation and use method of the dual-purpose artemisia apiacea enzyme for medicine and fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, specifically comprising the following steps:

preparing materials, namely a sealable plastic container, sweet wormwood, brown sugar and water;

step two, material processing, namely cutting the stem leaves of the sweet wormwood herb into small sections; boiling water, adding brown sugar, sterilizing, melting, cooling, adding into container containing plant material, mixing, covering, and sealing;

step three, stirring the treated materials to ensure aerobic fermentation;

step four, spraying the fully fermented sweet wormwood enzyme with a diluent in a high disease and insect pest development period; the concentration of the diluent is increased in the disease and pest occurrence period.

3. The method for preparing the sweet wormwood enzyme for both medicine and fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the stem and leaf of sweet wormwood are cut into small segments of 10 cm.

4. The method for preparing the dual-purpose artemisia apiacea enzyme for medicine and fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the third step, stirring is carried out every day to ensure aerobic fermentation.

5. The method for preparing the dual-purpose artemisia apiacea enzyme used as a medicine and a fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the processed materials are stirred for at least 1 time per day.

6. The method for preparing the sweet wormwood herb enzyme for both medicine and fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the sweet wormwood herb enzyme which is fully fermented is sprayed with 10 times of diluent in the high incidence period of the plant diseases and insect pests.

7. The method for preparing the dual-purpose Artemisia apiacea enzyme for both medicine and fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the diluted solution is sprayed with 10 times of the diluted solution once every 5 days.

8. The method for preparing the sweet wormwood herb enzyme for both medicine and fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the concentration of the sweet wormwood herb enzyme for both medicine and fertilizer is increased to 5 times of the diluent in the pest and disease occurrence period.

9. The method for preparing the dual-purpose artemisia apiacea enzyme for both medicine and fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the inspection standard is as follows: the finished product is transparent and optimal in brown color, and the green grass is optimal in fresh scent and colloidal.

10. The use method of the Artemisia apiacea enzyme as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Artemisia apiacea enzyme is diluted by 5-10 times of liquid spray, and the diluted liquid spray is used once every 3-5 days in low temperature, dim light, breeze or no wind environment before 9 am or after 5 am.