CN112179796A - Fretting wear test device and wear calculation method for rolling bearing - Google Patents
Fretting wear test device and wear calculation method for rolling bearing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fretting wear test device and a wear calculation method for a rolling bearing, wherein a real rolling bearing is a test object, a piezoelectric ceramic actuator is a power source, the high-frequency stretching fretting of the actuator is transmitted to a torsion shaft through a power connecting piece by using a lever principle, a rolling track in the bearing is prompted to generate torsional fretting, the fretting is further converted into a tangential, rolling and torsional composite fretting mode between a circumferential rolling body of the bearing and an inner rolling track and an outer rolling track of the bearing, a measuring point is set at a proper position of the torsion shaft, a fretting wear amount is obtained by using a measuring instrument and substituted into an Archard model to obtain a wear coefficient, and finally a fretting estimation model suitable for the service working condition and the structural characteristics. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method reproduces the complex service working condition of the fretting wear of the rolling bearing, has the characteristics of large output, high frequency and high precision, can be used for multi-aspect and batch fretting wear tests, and can also be used for measuring the fretting wear coefficient of the bearing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical wear, in particular to a fretting wear test device and a wear calculation method for a rolling bearing.
Background
Micromotion is the movement that occurs between two contact surfaces of extremely small amplitude, typically on the order of microns. These contact surfaces are usually macroscopically stationary, but at actual contact, reciprocating micro-amplitude movements occur which are difficult to detect. Fretting wear is classified into 4 basic modes of operation, depending on the direction of relative motion between the contact bodies, namely: tangential, radial, rolling, and twisting. The tangential micromotion is also called translational micromotion, which is the most common micromotion mode and is also the most common form in micromotion experiments. The fretting wear repeatedly acts on the tiny local parts, so that the frictional wear of the contact surface can be caused, further fatigue cracks are generated, the local fatigue strength is reduced, and the service life of mechanical parts is greatly shortened. Fretting wear is commonly found in fastening assemblies in the fields of machinery industry, nuclear reactors, aerospace, bridges, automobiles, ships, railways, power industry, even artificial implanters and the like, and is one of the main causes of failure of some key parts.
In some mechanical transmission mechanisms, a friction clutch is used in cooperation with bearings, and the bearings are coaxially mounted on two sides of the clutch and play a role in supporting and restraining an inner transmission shaft and an outer transmission shaft.
The clutch has two working states, namely positive wedging transmission and reverse wedge-releasing overrunning. During wedging transmission, the clutch wedge block and the inner and outer transmission shafts are rubbed and wedged tightly to enable the clutch wedge block and the inner and outer transmission shafts to rotate synchronously, but the wedge block generates small elastic deformation under the floating influence of power or rotating speed so that relative small torsion micro-motion exists between the inner and outer transmission shafts. On the other hand, under the influence of the torsional frequency and the self-structure, the torsional micromotion transmitted to the bearing is expressed in a complex micromotion form such as tangential, rolling and self-torsion (friction of the retainer) between the bearing roller and the raceway. It should be noted that the bearing motion during the reverse wedge-releasing overrunning belongs to normal rolling friction wear and does not belong to a micro-motion mode.
For the convenience of research, the common fretting wear test scheme is to simplify a fretting contact object into a ball-plane structure, and to carry out a test in a mode that a motor drives an eccentric mechanical device to generate tangential fretting. However, for the bearing in the clutch structural assembly, the difference between the scheme and the real working condition of the rolling bearing is large, and the high-frequency compound micro-motion form is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provides a fretting wear test device and a wear calculation method for a rolling bearing, which reproduce the complex service working condition of fretting wear of the rolling bearing, have the characteristics of large output, high frequency and high precision, and can be used for multi-aspect and mass fretting wear tests and measurement of fretting wear coefficients of the bearing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a fretting wear test device of a rolling bearing comprises a bottom plate and a driving power controller, wherein bearing seats which are arranged correspondingly to each other are arranged on the bottom plate, bearing covers are arranged on the bearing seats, a torsional vibration shaft is arranged between the bearing covers and the bearing seats, at least one bearing test piece is arranged on the torsional vibration shaft, contact grooves are formed in the two ends of the torsional vibration shaft, bearing glands matched with the bearing test piece are arranged between the bearing covers on the two sides, a bearing pressing plate is arranged at the upper end of each bearing gland, a lever supporting column is arranged on one side of the bottom plate, a lever matched with the bearing pressing plate is hinged to the upper end of the lever supporting column, a weight rod is arranged at the other end of the lever, rectangular supports are arranged on the two sides of the bearing seats on the bottom plate, a pressing rod and a piezoelectric ceramic actuator which are positioned above and below the end part of the torsional vibration shaft are, a butterfly spring is arranged between the pressing rod and the rectangular support, an adjusting nut in threaded connection with the pressing rod is arranged at the upper end of the rectangular support, a power connecting piece is arranged at the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and ball heads inserted into the contact grooves are arranged at the upper end of the power connecting piece and the lower end of the pressing rod.
Furthermore, the torsional vibration shaft is provided with an elastic collar for fixing the bearing test piece and a shaft sleeve for separating two adjacent bearing test pieces.
Further, the lever and the lever support are hinged through a shaft pin.
Furthermore, the lower end of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator is provided with a backing plate, and the backing plate is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the rectangular support through screws.
Furthermore, slots are formed in the inner walls of the upper ends of the opposite surfaces of the bearing covers on two sides, inserting blocks which are inserted into the slots on the corresponding sides are arranged on two sides of the bearing pressing plate, a groove is formed in the upper end of the bearing pressing plate, and a positioning flange which is inserted into the groove is arranged at the lower end of the lever.
Furthermore, a wave spring is arranged between the adjusting nut and the upper end face of the rectangular support.
A wear calculation method of a fretting wear test device of a rolling bearing comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fretting wear test of rolling bearing
1) Selecting a proper test piece according to the requirements of the fretting wear test;
2) starting a power switch and software of the fretting wear test device;
3) setting parameters according to test conditions: setting displacement, frequency and fretting wear time of a test working condition by driving power controller software; different radial loads are applied by selecting proper weights; setting the lubricating condition in the test working condition through an external lubricating system;
4) and (3) pausing the operation of the equipment at intervals of a set step fretting wear time, and entering a measuring link: removing load components such as weights and levers, setting a measuring point at a proper position of a torsional vibration shaft, measuring the height change of the point before and after a wear test by using a measuring instrument, solving the fretting wear loss by combining the geometric structure of the wear position, and recording data;
5) after the measurement is finished, restarting the test device to continue the fretting wear test;
6) when the total fretting wear time reaches the total time calculated theoretically or the measured value reaches the theoretical calculated value, ending the test;
step two: fretting wear calculation for rolling bearings
Based on test data obtained by the rolling bearing fretting wear test method, the fretting wear depth model is corrected and can be used for other rolling bearing fretting wear working conditions, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a spherical-plane fretting wear depth calculation model based on a corrected Archard model:
the formula for the Archard wear model is as follows:
in the formula, V is a wear body, P is the normal load of the contact surfaces, S is the relative sliding distance between the fretting wear contact surfaces, and H is the hardness of a softer surface between the contact surfaces; k is a wear factor;
based on the principle of friction energy consumption, a fretting wear volume correction formula is established:
V＝α∫dW
in the formula, alpha is friction energy consumption coefficient, dW is friction energy consumption infinitesimal, and integral multiple dW is accumulated friction energy consumption;
in a two-dimensional plane section, the fretting wear depth of any section is represented by the fretting wear volume and the fretting wear section area, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, Vd is fretting wear depth, and A is the cross-sectional area of a certain fretting depth;
differentiating the fretting wear depth and the fretting accumulated friction sliding distance, substituting the differential into the fretting wear cross-sectional area, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, mu is a friction coefficient, P is a normal load of a contact surface, and R is a radius of a contact ball;
analysis of radial load of rolling bearing: when the bearing is under the action of a radial load Fr, the upper half circle of rolling element is unloaded, the lower half circle of rolling element bears loads with different sizes due to different elastic deformations on each contact point, the rolling element at the lowest part of the Fr action line bears the largest load, and when the bearing is a point contact bearing, the value is approximately as follows:
wherein Z is the total number of bearing rolling elements;
integrating the fretting wear depth differential formula to obtain an accumulated fretting wear depth formula:
wherein, in fretting wear, the initial hertzian deformation is neglected, the initial S is 0, Vd is 0, and C is 0;
2) establishing a rolling bearing fretting wear depth calculation model based on rolling bearing equivalent parameters:
in the formula, r is the radius from the contact position of the bearing fretting wear to the axis, theta is a torsional vibration angle, f is a torsional vibration frequency, and t is fretting wear time;
the contact positions of the inner ring and the outer ring in the rolling bearing are all provided with fretting wear, so that the fretting wear of the bearing is the sum of the fretting wear of the two positions:
in the formula, r1 is the radius from the inner roller path fretting wear part to the bearing axis, r2 is the radius from the outer roller path fretting wear part to the bearing axis, Vd1 is the fretting wear depth of the inner roller path fretting wear part, Vd2 is the fretting wear depth of the outer roller path fretting wear part, and Vd is the sum of the fretting wear depths of the inner and outer roller path fretting wear parts;
additionally, the wear depth is obtained through measurement, the wear amount is calculated according to the wear appearance, and the wear coefficient can be reversely calculated on the basis;
disassembling the test piece, carrying out electron microscope scanning, and observing parameters such as fretting wear depth Vd1 and Vd2, length a, width b and the like; and drawing a fretting wear depth-time curve according to the test data, comparing the fretting wear appearance of the test piece with the fretting wear model, and reversely correcting the friction energy consumption coefficient of the fretting wear model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the test directly takes an actual rolling bearing as a test object, designs an fretting wear test device and a test scheme, and can reproduce the complex service working condition of fretting wear of the rolling bearing;
(2) the test device adopts the piezoelectric ceramic actuator as a power source, selects the closed-loop piezoelectric driving power source controller and the eccentric torsion device, has the characteristics of large output force, high frequency and high precision, and can adjust the amplitude and the frequency through software;
(3) the technical scheme of the invention can be used for fretting wear tests in various aspects. On the one hand, the object of the fretting test can be faced to most rolling bearings which bear radial loads, and the rolling bodies can be balls, rollers, needle rollers, tapered rollers and the like. On the other hand, the fretting wear test can also be used for detecting the wear performance after the replacement of the bearing material, detecting the effect of process adjustment, detecting the change of the lubricating condition and the like;
(4) the test device can realize that a plurality of bearings simultaneously carry out fretting tests, adopts a semicircular arc structure and a clamping groove positioning mode, has the structural advantage of easy assembly and disassembly, and can be used for batch fretting wear tests;
(5) the device and the estimation model are not only used for the fretting wear test of the rolling bearing, but also can be used for measuring the fretting wear coefficient of the bearing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fretting wear test device and a wear calculation method of a rolling bearing according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a fretting wear test device and a wear calculation method for a rolling bearing according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a fretting wear test device and a wear calculation method of a rolling bearing according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an assembling structure of a torsional vibration shaft of the fretting wear testing device and the wear calculating method of the rolling bearing of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a front view of a rectangular support assembly structure of the fretting wear testing device and the wear calculation method of the rolling bearing of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an assembly structure of a rectangular support of the fretting wear testing device and the wear calculation method of the rolling bearing of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a partial schematic view of a fretting wear testing device and a wear calculating method of a rolling bearing according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a radial load distribution diagram of a rolling bearing in the fretting wear test device and the wear calculation method of the rolling bearing according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows the wear shapes of the rolling elements and the inner raceway of the bearing in the fretting wear test device and the wear calculation method for the rolling bearing according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a bearing wear amount geometric model of the fretting wear test device and the wear calculation method of the rolling bearing of the present invention.
As shown in the figure: 1. the device comprises shaft pins, 2, lever supports, 3, belleville springs, 4, pressure rods, 5, rectangular supports, 6, power connectors, 7, pressure ceramic actuators, 8, backing plates, 9, bottom plates, 10, levers, 11, wave springs, 12, bearing covers, 13, bearing seats, 14, weight rods, 15, bearing pressing plates, 16, torsional vibration shafts, 17, bearing covers, 18, elastic retaining rings for shafts, 19, bearing test pieces, 20, shaft sleeves, 21, contact grooves, 22, ball heads, 23, driving power controllers, 24 and adjusting nuts.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The utility model provides a fine motion wear test device of antifriction bearing, includes bottom plate 9 and drive power controller 23, be equipped with the bearing frame 13 that mutual correspondence was arranged on the bottom plate 9, be equipped with bearing cap 12 on the bearing frame 13, pass through screw fixed connection between bearing cap 12 and the bearing frame 13, be equipped with torsional vibration axle 16 between bearing cap 12 and the bearing frame 13, be equipped with the bearing test piece 19 of being no less than one on the torsional vibration axle 16, contact groove 21 has all been opened at the both ends of torsional vibration axle 16, both sides be equipped with bearing gland 17 with bearing test piece 19 matched with between the bearing cap 12, open on the inner wall of bearing frame 13 upper end have with bearing gland 17 lower extreme matched with draw-in groove and flange, draw-in groove and flange are fixed a position bearing gland 17 to fasten bearing test piece 19 and bearing gland 17 circumference through the screw, bearing gland 17 upper end is equipped with bearing clamp plate 15, a lever support 2 is arranged on one side of the bottom plate 9, a lever 10 matched with a bearing pressure plate 15 is hinged to the upper end of the lever support 2, a weight rod 14 is arranged at the other end of the lever 10, rectangular supports 5 are arranged on the two sides of a bearing seat 13 on the bottom plate 9, a pressure rod 4 and a piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7 are arranged on each rectangular support 5 and located above and below the end of a torsional vibration shaft 16, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7 is connected with a driving power controller 23, a belleville spring 3 is arranged between each pressure rod 4 and each rectangular support 5, an adjusting nut 24 in threaded connection with each pressure rod 4 is arranged at the upper end of each rectangular support 5, a power connecting piece 6 is arranged at the upper end of each piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7, ball heads 22 inserted into contact grooves 21 are arranged at the upper end of each power connecting piece 6 and the lower end of each pressure rod 4, and the pressure rods 4 can move up, in the next step, the middle pressure rod 4 and the ball head 22 on the power connecting piece 6 on the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7 act on the upper and lower contact grooves 21 of the torsional vibration shaft 6 together to achieve the function of torsion micro motion.
The torsional vibration shaft 16 is provided with a shaft circlip 18 for fixing a bearing test piece 19 and a shaft sleeve 20 for separating two adjacent bearing test pieces 19.
The lever 10 and the lever support 2 are hinged through a shaft pin 1.
The lower end of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7 is provided with a backing plate 8, and the backing plate 8 is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the rectangular support 5 through screws.
Slots are formed in the inner walls of the upper ends of the opposite surfaces of the bearing covers 12 on the two sides, inserting blocks inserted into the slots on the corresponding sides are arranged on the two sides of the bearing pressing plate 15, a groove is formed in the upper end of the bearing pressing plate 15, and a positioning flange inserted into the groove is arranged at the lower end of the lever 10.
A wave spring 11 is arranged between the adjusting nut 24 and the upper end surface of the rectangular support 5.
The performance parameters of the test device are as follows: the radial load range is between 120 and 3000N; the torsional vibration angle of the rolling bearing is 0-0.004 rad, and the fretting wear vibration amplitude is 0-60 mu m; the micro-motion torsion frequency is 1-120 Hz; the maximum output torsion tangential force is 6000N; the number of cycles is 1-150000.
A wear calculation method of a fretting wear test device of a rolling bearing comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fretting wear test of rolling bearing
1) Selecting a proper test piece (comprising the setting of parameters such as a test piece base material, a strengthening method, a type, the number and the size of rolling bodies and the like) according to the requirements of the fretting wear test;
2) starting a power switch and software of the fretting wear test device;
3) setting parameters according to test conditions: setting displacement, frequency and fretting wear time of a test working condition by driving power controller software; different radial loads are applied by selecting proper weights; setting the lubricating condition (including parameters such as a lubricating form, a lubricating amount and the type of lubricating liquid) in the test working condition through an external lubricating system;
4) and (3) pausing the operation of the equipment at intervals of a set step fretting wear time, and entering a measuring link: removing load components such as weights and levers, setting a measuring point at a proper position of a torsional vibration shaft, measuring the height change of the point before and after a wear test by using a measuring instrument (the precision is less than or equal to 0.1 micron), solving the fretting wear loss by combining the geometric structure of the wear position, and recording data;
5) after the measurement is finished, restarting the test device to continue the fretting wear test;
6) when the total fretting wear time reaches the total time calculated theoretically or the measured value reaches the theoretical calculated value, ending the test;
and finally, carrying out derivation and correction on the Archard wear model.
Step two: fretting wear calculation for rolling bearings
Based on test data obtained by the rolling bearing fretting wear test method, the fretting wear depth model is corrected and can be used for other rolling bearing fretting wear working conditions, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a spherical-plane fretting wear depth calculation model based on a corrected Archard model:
the formula for the Archard wear model is as follows:
in the formula, V is the abrasion volume, P is the normal load of the contact surfaces, S is the relative sliding distance between the fretting abrasion contact surfaces, and H is the hardness of the softer surfaces between the contact surfaces; k is a wear factor;
based on the principle of friction energy consumption, a fretting wear volume correction formula is established:
V＝α∫dW
in the formula, alpha is friction energy consumption coefficient, dW is friction energy consumption infinitesimal, and integral multiple dW is accumulated friction energy consumption;
in a two-dimensional plane section, the fretting wear depth of any section is represented by the fretting wear volume and the fretting wear section area, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, Vd is fretting wear depth, and A is the cross-sectional area of a certain fretting depth;
differentiating the fretting wear depth and the fretting accumulated friction sliding distance, substituting the differential into the fretting wear cross-sectional area, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, mu is a friction coefficient, P is a normal load of a contact surface, and R is a radius of a contact ball;
the radial load of the rolling bearing is analyzed as shown in the attached figure 8 in the specification: when the bearing is under the action of a radial load Fr, the upper half circle of rolling element is unloaded, the lower half circle of rolling element bears loads with different sizes due to different elastic deformations on each contact point, the rolling element at the lowest part of the Fr action line bears the largest load, and when the bearing is a point contact bearing, the value is approximately as follows:
wherein Z is the total number of bearing rolling elements;
integrating the fretting wear depth differential formula to obtain an accumulated fretting wear depth formula:
wherein, in fretting wear, the initial hertzian deformation is neglected, the initial S is 0, Vd is 0, and C is 0;
2) establishing a rolling bearing fretting wear depth calculation model based on rolling bearing equivalent parameters:
in the formula, r is the radius from the contact position of the bearing fretting wear to the axis, theta is a torsional vibration angle, f is a torsional vibration frequency, and t is fretting wear time;
the contact positions of the inner ring and the outer ring in the rolling bearing are all provided with fretting wear, so that the fretting wear of the bearing is the sum of the fretting wear of the two positions:
in the formula, r1 is the radius from the inner roller path fretting wear part to the bearing axis, r2 is the radius from the outer roller path fretting wear part to the bearing axis, Vd1 is the fretting wear depth of the inner roller path fretting wear part, Vd2 is the fretting wear depth of the outer roller path fretting wear part, and Vd is the sum of the fretting wear depths of the inner and outer roller path fretting wear parts;
additionally, the wear depth is obtained through measurement, the wear amount is calculated according to the wear appearance (elliptic parameters), and the wear coefficient can be reversely calculated on the basis;
disassembling the test piece, carrying out electron microscope scanning, and observing parameters such as fretting wear depth Vd1 and Vd2, length a, width b and the like; and drawing a fretting wear depth-time curve according to the test data, comparing the fretting wear appearance of the test piece with the fretting wear model, and reversely correcting the friction energy consumption coefficient of the fretting wear model.
In the specific implementation of the invention, a real rolling bearing is taken as a test object, an eccentrically assembled piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7 is taken as a power source, the high-frequency telescopic micro motion of the actuator is transmitted to a torsion shaft 16 through a power connecting piece 6 by applying the lever principle, so that a rolling track in the bearing is prompted to generate torsional micro motion, and the torsional micro motion is further converted into a tangential, rolling and torsional composite micro motion mode between a circumferential rolling body of the bearing and an inner rolling track and an outer rolling track of the bearing, wherein a belleville spring 3 and a pressure rod 4 act together with the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7, and the clamping power connecting piece 6 plays a torsional resetting role.
On the basis, a measuring point is set at a proper position of the torsion shaft 16, the height change of the point before and after the abrasion test is measured by using a measuring instrument (the precision is less than or equal to 0.1 micron), the fretting wear amount is obtained by combining the geometric structure of the abrasion position, the fretting wear amount is substituted into the Archard model to obtain the wear coefficient, and finally, the fretting wear estimation model suitable for the service working condition and the structural characteristic of the rolling bearing can be obtained.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A fretting wear test device of rolling bearing, includes bottom plate (9) and drive power supply controller (23), its characterized in that: the bearing seat (13) which is arranged correspondingly to each other is arranged on the bottom plate (9), a bearing cover (12) is arranged on the bearing seat (13), a torsional vibration shaft (16) is arranged between the bearing cover (12) and the bearing seat (13), at least one bearing test piece (19) is arranged on the torsional vibration shaft (16), contact grooves (21) are formed in the two ends of the torsional vibration shaft (16), bearing glands (17) matched with the bearing test piece (19) are arranged between the bearing covers (12) on the two sides, a bearing pressing plate (15) is arranged at the upper end of the bearing glands (17), a lever strut (2) is arranged on one side of the bottom plate (9), a lever (10) matched with the bearing pressing plate (15) is hinged to the upper end of the lever strut (2), a weight rod (14) is arranged at the other end of the lever (10), rectangular supports (5) are arranged on the two sides of the bearing seat (13) on the bottom plate (9, be equipped with depression bar (4) and piezoceramics actuator (7) that are located torsional oscillation axle (16) tip upper and lower side on rectangle support (5) respectively, piezoceramics actuator (7) and drive power controller (23) are connected, be equipped with belleville spring (3) between depression bar (4) and rectangle support (5), rectangle support (5) upper end is equipped with adjusting nut (24) with depression bar (4) threaded connection, piezoceramics actuator (7) upper end is equipped with power connecting piece (6), power connecting piece (6) upper end and depression bar (4) lower extreme all are equipped with bulb (22) of pegging graft in contact tank (21).
2. The fretting wear test device of a rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the torsional vibration shaft (16) is provided with a shaft circlip (18) for fixing the bearing test piece (19) and a shaft sleeve (20) for separating two adjacent bearing test pieces (19).
3. The fretting wear test device of a rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lever (10) is hinged with the lever support post (2) through a shaft pin (1).
4. The fretting wear test device of a rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower end of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (7) is provided with a backing plate (8), and the backing plate (8) is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the rectangular support (5) through screws.
5. The fretting wear test device of a rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: both sides all opened the slot on the opposite face upper end inner wall of bearing cap (12), bearing clamp plate (15) both sides all are equipped with the inserted block of pegging graft in corresponding side slot, bearing clamp plate (15) upper end is opened flutedly, lever (10) lower extreme is equipped with the location flange of pegging graft in the recess.
6. The fretting wear test device of a rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: a wave spring (11) is arranged between the adjusting nut (24) and the upper end face of the rectangular support (5).
7. A wear calculation method of a fretting wear test device of a rolling bearing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fretting wear test of rolling bearing
1) Selecting a proper test piece according to the requirements of the fretting wear test;
2) starting a power switch and software of the fretting wear test device;
3) setting parameters according to test conditions: setting displacement, frequency and fretting wear time of a test working condition by driving power controller software; different radial loads are applied by selecting proper weights; setting the lubricating condition in the test working condition through an external lubricating system;
4) and (3) pausing the operation of the equipment at intervals of a set step fretting wear time, and entering a measuring link: removing load components such as weights and levers, setting a measuring point at a proper position of a torsional vibration shaft, measuring the height change of the point before and after a wear test by using a measuring instrument, solving the fretting wear loss by combining the geometric structure of the wear position, and recording data;
5) after the measurement is finished, restarting the test device to continue the fretting wear test;
6) when the total fretting wear time reaches the total time calculated theoretically or the measured value reaches the theoretical calculated value, ending the test;
step two: fretting wear calculation for rolling bearings
Based on test data obtained by the rolling bearing fretting wear test method, the fretting wear depth model is corrected and can be used for other rolling bearing fretting wear working conditions, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a spherical-plane fretting wear depth calculation model based on a corrected Archard model:
the formula for the Archard wear model is as follows:
in the formula, V is the abrasion volume, P is the normal load of the contact surfaces, S is the relative sliding distance between the fretting abrasion contact surfaces, and H is the hardness of the softer surfaces between the contact surfaces; k is a wear factor;
based on the principle of friction energy consumption, a fretting wear volume correction formula is established:
V＝α∫dW
in the formula, alpha is friction energy consumption coefficient, dW is friction energy consumption infinitesimal, and integral multiple dW is accumulated friction energy consumption;
in a two-dimensional plane section, the fretting wear depth of any section is represented by the fretting wear volume and the fretting wear section area, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, Vd is fretting wear depth, and A is the cross-sectional area of a certain fretting depth;
differentiating the fretting wear depth and the fretting accumulated friction sliding distance, substituting the differential into the fretting wear cross-sectional area, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, mu is a friction coefficient, P is a normal load of a contact surface, and R is a radius of a contact ball;
analysis of radial load of rolling bearing: when the bearing is under the action of a radial load Fr, the upper half circle of rolling element is unloaded, the lower half circle of rolling element bears loads with different sizes due to different elastic deformations on each contact point, the rolling element at the lowest part of the Fr action line bears the largest load, and when the bearing is a point contact bearing, the value is approximately as follows:
wherein Z is the total number of bearing rolling elements;
integrating the fretting wear depth differential formula to obtain an accumulated fretting wear depth formula:
wherein, in fretting wear, the initial hertzian deformation is neglected, the initial S is 0, Vd is 0, and C is 0;
2) establishing a rolling bearing fretting wear depth calculation model based on rolling bearing equivalent parameters:
in the formula, r is the radius from the contact position of the bearing fretting wear to the axis, theta is a torsional vibration angle, f is a torsional vibration frequency, and t is fretting wear time;
the contact positions of the inner ring and the outer ring in the rolling bearing are all provided with fretting wear, so that the fretting wear of the bearing is the sum of the fretting wear of the two positions:
in the formula, r1 is the radius from the inner roller path fretting wear part to the bearing axis, r2 is the radius from the outer roller path fretting wear part to the bearing axis, Vd1 is the fretting wear depth of the inner roller path fretting wear part, Vd2 is the fretting wear depth of the outer roller path fretting wear part, and Vd is the sum of the fretting wear depths of the inner and outer roller path fretting wear parts;
additionally, the wear depth is obtained through measurement, the wear amount is calculated according to the wear appearance, and the wear coefficient can be reversely calculated on the basis;
disassembling the test piece, carrying out electron microscope scanning, and observing parameters such as fretting wear depth Vd1 and Vd2, length a, width b and the like; and drawing a fretting wear depth-time curve according to the test data, comparing the fretting wear appearance of the test piece with the fretting wear model, and reversely correcting the friction energy consumption coefficient of the fretting wear model.
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