CN110567718B - Rolling bearing radial dynamic stiffness testing device based on piezoelectric actuator - Google Patents

Rolling bearing radial dynamic stiffness testing device based on piezoelectric actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110567718B
CN110567718B CN201910807174.1A CN201910807174A CN110567718B CN 110567718 B CN110567718 B CN 110567718B CN 201910807174 A CN201910807174 A CN 201910807174A CN 110567718 B CN110567718 B CN 110567718B
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connecting block
rolling bearing
ball
bearing
loading mechanism
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CN110567718A (en
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陈润霖
韩沁
崔亚辉
王建磊
张延超
李龙龙
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Xian University of Technology
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Xian University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of a rolling bearing based on a piezoelectric actuator, wherein the rolling bearing to be tested is arranged on the device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness, and the device comprises a motor assembly and a main shaft which are connected together, the rolling bearing to be tested is arranged in the middle of the main shaft, the rolling bearing to be tested is fixed on a bearing seat a, the bearing seat a is connected with a pre-tightening force loading mechanism and a dynamic load loading mechanism, the pre-tightening force loading mechanism is preloaded by a corrugated pipe, the dynamic load loading mechanism is preloaded by a piezoelectric crystal actuator, the main shaft adopts a mode of supporting at two ends, the supporting bearings are arranged at two ends, the supporting bearings are positioned on a bearing seat b, and the. The radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing can be effectively tested, and the reliable prediction of the dynamic performance of the rolling bearing is improved.

Description

Rolling bearing radial dynamic stiffness testing device based on piezoelectric actuator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rolling bearing dynamic characteristic testing equipment, and relates to a rolling bearing radial dynamic stiffness testing device based on a piezoelectric actuator.
Background
With the development of manufacturing technology, machine tools are increasingly developed towards high reliability, high durability, high efficiency, low oil consumption, low cost and the like, and the running state of the main shaft bearing serving as a key part of the machine tool has a direct influence on the performance of the whole mechanical equipment. Therefore, higher requirements are provided for the performance of the rolling bearing, particularly the bearing rigidity, the high bearing rigidity can improve the rotation precision of the main shaft, and the influence of external dynamic load on the processing precision is reduced.
Although the machine tool has obvious progress in the aspects of precision, efficiency, multi-axis linkage, composite processing and other advanced functions, the precision of the machine tool is gradually reduced in the operation process, the failure frequency is increased, the period is shortened, the reliability is reduced, and the dynamic performance of the machine tool is not stable enough. Therefore, the reliability of the dynamic performance of the machine tool becomes a key common technology for restricting the development of the industry, and the high attention of the industry is attracted. The movement and the load of each element in the machine tool spindle bearing are complex, so that the running state of the bearing is changed, the deformation and load relation characteristic of the bearing is influenced, and the dynamic performance of the bearing is influenced. Therefore, the dynamic performance problem of the rolling bearing is increasingly highlighted, and the development of dynamic analysis and experimental research work on the machine tool spindle bearing is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of a rolling bearing based on a piezoelectric actuator, which improves the accuracy of testing the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing.
The technical scheme includes that the rolling bearing radial dynamic stiffness testing device based on the piezoelectric actuator is characterized in that a rolling bearing to be tested is mounted on the rolling bearing radial dynamic stiffness testing device to test radial dynamic stiffness and comprises a motor assembly and a main shaft which are connected together, the rolling bearing to be tested is arranged in the middle of the main shaft and is fixed on a bearing seat a, the bearing seat a is connected with a pretightening force loading mechanism and a dynamic load loading mechanism, supporting bearings are arranged at two ends of the main shaft and are located on a bearing seat b, and the bearing seat b, the pretightening force loading mechanism and the dynamic load loading mechanism are fixed on a rack.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the motor shaft and the main shaft of the motor assembly are connected through a coupler, and the motor shaft and the main shaft of the motor assembly are respectively in key connection with two ends of the coupler.
The rolling bearing to be tested is positioned and fixed on the bearing seat a through the elastic retainer ring a.
The support bearing is positioned and fixed on the bearing seat b through the elastic retainer ring b.
The pre-tightening force loading mechanisms are arranged in the vertical direction along the axis direction, the dynamic load loading mechanisms are arranged in two groups, the two groups of dynamic load loading mechanisms are respectively arranged on two sides of the pre-tightening force loading mechanisms, and the axes of the two groups of dynamic load loading mechanisms are 45 degrees to the vertical direction after passing through the axis direction of the main shaft.
The pre-tightening force loading mechanism comprises an adjusting screw rod a, a micro thrust bearing a, a corrugated pipe, a round ball a, a ball connecting block a, a disc spring a, a spring groove shell a and a force sensor a which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along the axial direction of the pre-tightening force loading mechanism, the bottom end of the adjusting screw rod a is fixed on the frame, the upper end of the adjusting screw rod a is grooved, the micro thrust bearing a is positioned in the groove, the micro thrust bearing a is connected with the lower end of the corrugated pipe through a lower corrugated pipe connecting block, the upper end of the corrugated pipe is provided with an upper corrugated pipe connecting block, the round ball a is arranged in the center of the upper corrugated pipe connecting block, the upper end of the round ball a acts on the ball connecting block a, the bottom surface of the ball connecting block a is matched with the upper end of the round ball a in shape, the ball connecting block a is connected with the bottom end of the disc spring a, the ball connecting block, the upper end of the force sensor a is connected with the bearing seat a through threads.
The upper corrugated pipe connecting block and the lower corrugated pipe connecting block are fixedly connected with the corrugated pipe through bolts and nuts.
The dynamic load loading mechanism comprises an adjusting screw rod b, a micro thrust bearing b, a piezoelectric crystal actuator, a round ball b, a ball connecting block b, a disc spring b, a spring groove shell b and a force sensor b which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along the axis direction of the dynamic load loading mechanism, wherein the axis direction of the adjusting screw rod b crosses the axis direction of a main shaft and forms 45 degrees with the vertical direction, the bottom end of the adjusting screw rod b is fixed on a supporting block arranged on a frame, the upper end of the adjusting screw rod b is provided with a groove, the micro thrust bearing b is positioned in the groove, a piezoelectric crystal actuator lower connecting block is arranged between the micro thrust bearing b and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal actuator, the upper end of the piezoelectric crystal actuator is provided with a piezoelectric crystal actuator upper connecting block, the round ball b is arranged in the center of the piezoelectric crystal actuator upper connecting block, the upper end of the round, the ball connecting block b is connected with the bottom end of the disc spring b, the ball connecting block b and the disc spring b are both covered on the spring groove shell b, the top end of the disc spring b is fixed at the top of the spring groove shell b, the top end of the spring groove shell b is connected with the force sensor b through threads, and the upper end of the force sensor b is connected with the bearing seat b through threads.
The upper connecting block of the piezoelectric crystal actuator is fixedly connected with the piezoelectric crystal actuator through threads.
The micro thrust bearing b, the lower connecting block of the piezoelectric crystal actuator and the piezoelectric crystal actuator are sequentially connected in series through the socket head cap screws.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator adopts a structure with two-end support and middle test, the rolling bearing to be tested is subjected to the combined action of the pretightening force in the vertical direction and the dynamic load with two sides passing through the axis of the rolling bearing to be tested and forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction, the actual working condition is met, and the obtained test data of the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing to be tested is accurate and effective; the corrugated pipe is used for pre-tightening force loading, the corrugated pipe is light in weight and thin in wall, high in rigidity and capable of radially and uniformly distributing loads, and the load environment is fully simulated; the piezoelectric crystal actuator is adopted for loading, so that the loading force is more accurately controlled, the operation is simple and convenient, and continuous load change can be simulated; the whole device can effectively test the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing, and improves the reliable prediction of the dynamic performance of the rolling bearing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a radial dynamic stiffness testing device of a rolling bearing based on a piezoelectric actuator according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a right side elevational full sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-tightening force loading mechanism of the radial dynamic stiffness testing device of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator, disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a load loading mechanism of the rolling bearing radial dynamic stiffness testing device based on the piezoelectric actuator.
In the figure, 1, a rolling bearing to be tested, 2, a motor assembly, 3, a main shaft, 4, a bearing seat a, 5, a support bearing, 6, a bearing seat b, 7, a frame, 8, a coupler, 9, an elastic retainer a, 10, an elastic retainer b, 11, an adjusting screw rod a, 12, a micro thrust bearing a, 13, a corrugated pipe, 14, a ball a, 15, a ball connecting block a, 16, a disc spring a, 17, a spring groove shell a, 18, a force sensor a, 19, an upper corrugated pipe connecting block, 20, a lower corrugated pipe connecting block, 21, an adjusting screw rod b, 22, a micro thrust bearing b, 23, a piezoelectric crystal actuator, 24, a ball b, 25, a ball connecting block b, 26, a disc spring b, 27, a spring groove shell b, 28, a force sensor b, 29, a supporting block, 30, a lower piezoelectric crystal actuator connecting block, 31, an upper piezoelectric crystal actuator connecting block, 32 and an inner hexagon screw.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of a rolling bearing based on a piezoelectric actuator, wherein a rolling bearing 1 to be tested is arranged on the device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness, as shown in a figure 1-3, the device comprises a motor component 2 and a main shaft 3 which are connected together, a motor shaft of the motor component 2 is connected with the main shaft 3 through a coupler 8, the motor shaft of the motor component 2 is in key connection with two ends of the coupler 8, the rolling bearing 1 to be tested is arranged in the middle of the main shaft 3, the rolling bearing 1 to be tested is positioned and fixed on a bearing seat a4 through an elastic retainer ring a9, the bearing seat a4 is connected with a pre-tightening force loading mechanism and a dynamic load loading mechanism, two ends of the main shaft 3 are respectively provided with a support bearing 5, the support bearing 5 is positioned and fixed on a bearing seat b6 through an elastic retainer ring b, the pre-tightening force loading mechanism is characterized in that the axis direction of the pre-tightening force loading mechanism is arranged along the vertical direction, the dynamic load loading mechanisms are arranged in two groups, and the dynamic load loading mechanisms are respectively arranged on two sides of the pre-tightening force loading mechanism, and the axes of the dynamic load loading mechanisms cross the axis direction of the main shaft 3 and are 45 degrees with the vertical direction.
As shown in fig. 4, the pre-tightening force loading mechanism includes an adjusting screw a11, a micro thrust bearing a12, a bellows 13, a spherical ball a14, a ball connecting block a15, a disc spring a16, a spring groove housing a17 and a force sensor a18 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along an axial direction of the pre-tightening force loading mechanism, a bottom end of the adjusting screw a11 is fixed on the frame 7, an upper end of the adjusting screw a11 is grooved and the micro thrust bearing a12 is located in the groove, the micro thrust bearing a12 is connected with a lower end of the bellows 13 through a lower bellows connecting block 20, the lower bellows connecting block 20 is fixedly connected with the bellows 13 through a bolt nut, an upper bellows connecting block 19 is fixedly connected with an upper end of the bellows 13 through a bolt nut, the spherical ball a14 is arranged at a center of the upper bellows connecting block 19 and an upper end of the spherical ball connecting block a14 is acted on the ball connecting block a15, a bottom surface, the ball connecting block a15 is connected with the bottom end of a disc spring a16, the ball connecting block a15 and the disc spring a16 are covered on a spring groove shell a17, the top end of the disc spring a16 is fixed on the top of a spring groove shell a17, the top end of the spring groove shell a17 is connected with a force sensor a18 through threads, and the upper end of the force sensor a18 is connected with a bearing seat a4 through threads.
As shown in fig. 5, the dynamic load loading mechanism includes an adjusting screw b21, a micro thrust bearing b22, a piezoelectric crystal actuator 23, a round ball b24, a ball connecting block b25, a disc spring b26, a spring groove housing b27 and a force sensor b28 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along the axial direction of the dynamic load loading mechanism, the axial direction of the adjusting screw b21 crosses the axial direction of the main shaft 3 and forms 45 degrees with the vertical direction, the bottom end of the adjusting screw b21 is fixed on a supporting block 29 arranged on the frame 7, the upper end of the adjusting screw b21 is grooved and the micro thrust bearing b22 is located in the groove, a piezoelectric crystal actuator lower connecting block 30 is arranged between the micro thrust bearing b22 and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal actuator 23, the micro thrust bearing b22, the piezoelectric crystal actuator lower connecting block 30 and the piezoelectric crystal actuator 23 are sequentially connected through an inner hexagon screw 32, the upper end of the piezoelectric crystal actuator 23 is fixedly connected with a piezoelectric crystal actuator, ball b24 sets up in piezoelectric crystal actuator connecting block 31 central authorities and ball b24 upper end and act on ball connecting block b25 on, ball connecting block b 25's bottom surface and ball b24 upper end shape suit, ball connecting block b25 is connected with dish spring b26 bottom, just ball connecting block b25 and dish spring b26 all cover in spring groove casing b27, and dish spring b26 top is fixed in spring groove casing b27 top, spring groove casing b27 top is connected with force sensor b28 through the screw, force sensor b28 upper end is connected with bearing frame b6 through the screw.
The invention discloses a radial dynamic stiffness testing device of a rolling bearing based on a piezoelectric actuator, which mainly comprises the following components:
the two supporting bearings 5 are arranged at the two ends of the main shaft 3, and meanwhile, the rolling bearing 1 to be tested is arranged in the middle of the two supporting bearings 5, so that the main shaft 3 realizes a mode of supporting the two ends, and the actual working condition is better met;
the force sensor a18 and the force sensor b28 respectively display the magnitude of the applied pretightening force and the dynamic load, so that the force can be conveniently controlled and analyzed;
the disc spring a16 is arranged between the corrugated pipe 13 and the force sensor a18, and can be pre-tightened when the pre-tightening force loading device does not work, so that the pre-tightening force loading device is guaranteed to work better;
the round ball b24 is arranged between the upper connecting block 31 and the ball connecting block b25 of the piezoelectric crystal actuator, and the round ball a14 is arranged between the upper connecting block 19 of the corrugated pipe and the ball connecting block a15, so that the deviation of the direction of applied load caused by the installation angle error of a dynamic load loading device or a pretightening force loading device is prevented, and the load direction is ensured to be always along the axis direction of the bearing;
the loading force is changed through the deformation of the piezoelectric crystal actuator 23, the dynamic load is applied to the tested rolling bearing 1 in the direction passing through the axis of the rolling bearing and forming an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction, and compared with manual operation, the loading force is more accurately controlled, and the operation is simpler and more convenient;
the disc spring b26 is arranged between the piezoelectric crystal actuator column 23 and the force sensor b28, and is pre-tightened when the dynamic load loading mechanism does not work, so that the dynamic load loading mechanism can better work;
the corrugated pipe 13 is light, thin in wall, strong in rigidity and evenly distributed with loads in the radial direction, the rolling bearing 1 to be tested is preloaded in the vertical direction through the corrugated pipe 13, and the load environment can be effectively simulated.
The working process of the rolling bearing radial dynamic stiffness testing device based on the piezoelectric actuator is as follows:
the motor component 2 is electrified to work, the spindle 3 is driven to rotate through the coupler 8, and the support bearings 5 at the two ends of the spindle 3 and the rolling bearing 1 to be tested start to work; the pre-tightening force loading device in the vertical direction of the rolling bearing 1 to be tested drives the micro thrust bearing a12 to move by rotating the adjusting screw rod a11, so that the pre-tightening force loading device is adjusted to a target position, the corrugated pipe 13 on the micro thrust bearing a12 is thin in weight and wall, strong in rigidity and uniformly and radially loaded, pre-loading is provided for the rolling bearing 1 to be tested in the vertical direction through the corrugated pipe 13, meanwhile, the force sensor a18 displays the magnitude of the pre-loading force, and the spherical ball a14 at the upper end of the corrugated pipe 13 ensures that the load direction always passes through the vertical direction of the axis of the main shaft, so; the working principle of the dynamic load loading devices on two sides of the main shaft 3 is the same, the micro thrust bearing b22 is driven to move by rotating the adjusting screw b21, the dynamic load loading device is adjusted to a target position, the piezoelectric crystal actuator 23 on the micro thrust bearing b22 can deform by changing voltage, the dynamic load applied to the rolling bearing 1 is changed, the ball b24 at the upper end of the piezoelectric crystal actuator 23 ensures that the load direction always passes through the axis of the main shaft and forms a 45-degree direction with the vertical direction, and the force sensor b28 displays the magnitude of the applied preload force, so that the dynamic load can be accurately controlled, and the movement of the bearing under different dynamic load conditions is realized; the dynamic load loading mechanisms on the two sides of the main shaft 3 realize the simulation of the working condition of the rolling bearing 1 to be tested under various conditions through the simultaneous or single-direction loading of the two sides and the equal or unequal change of the loading force on the two sides, thereby realizing the measurement of the dynamic stiffness.
Through the mode, the radial dynamic stiffness testing device of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator utilizes the corrugated pipe 13 to carry out pre-tightening force loading in the vertical direction, has light weight and thin wall, is high in rigidity, and has loads uniformly distributed in the radial direction, so that the load environment is well simulated; and the deformation of the piezoelectric crystal actuator 23 is utilized to change the dynamic load loading, the dynamic load is applied to the measured rolling bearing in the direction which passes through the axis of the rolling bearing and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction, so that the loading force is more accurately controlled, and the pre-tightening force of the measured rolling bearing 1 in the vertical direction and the dynamic load of which both sides pass through the axis of the measured rolling bearing 1 and form an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction act together.

Claims (7)

1. The device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator is characterized by comprising a motor assembly (2) and a main shaft (3) which are connected together, wherein the rolling bearing (1) to be tested is arranged in the middle of the main shaft (3), the rolling bearing (1) to be tested is fixed on a bearing seat a (4), the bearing seat a (4) is connected with a pretightening force loading mechanism and a dynamic load loading mechanism, supporting bearings (5) are arranged at two ends of the main shaft (3), the supporting bearings (5) are positioned on a bearing seat b (6), and the bearing seat b (6), the pretightening force loading mechanism and the dynamic load loading mechanism are all fixed on a rack (7);
the axial direction of the pre-tightening force loading mechanism is arranged along the vertical direction, the dynamic load loading mechanisms are arranged in two groups, the two groups of dynamic load loading mechanisms are respectively arranged at two sides of the pre-tightening force loading mechanism, and the axial direction of the two groups of dynamic load loading mechanisms passes through the axial direction of the main shaft (3) and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction;
the dynamic load loading mechanism comprises an adjusting screw rod b (21), a micro thrust bearing b (22), a piezoelectric crystal actuator (23), a round ball b (24), a ball connecting block b (25), a disc spring b (26), a spring groove shell b (27) and a force sensor b (28) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along the axis direction of the dynamic load loading mechanism, the axis direction of the adjusting screw rod b (21) crosses the axis direction of the main shaft (3) and is 45 degrees with the vertical direction, the bottom end of the adjusting screw rod b (21) is fixed on a supporting block (29) arranged on the rack (7), the upper end of the adjusting screw rod b (21) is grooved, the micro thrust bearing b (22) is positioned in the groove, a piezoelectric crystal actuator lower connecting block (30) is arranged between the micro thrust bearing b (22) and the lower end of the piezoelectric crystal actuator (23), and a piezoelectric crystal actuator upper connecting block (31) is arranged at the upper end of, the ball b (24) is arranged in the center of an upper connecting block (31) of the piezoelectric crystal actuator, the upper end of the ball b (24) acts on the ball connecting block b (25), the bottom surface of the ball connecting block b (25) is matched with the shape of the upper end of the ball b (24), the ball connecting block b (25) is connected with the bottom end of the disc spring b (26), the ball connecting block b (25) and the disc spring b (26) are covered on a spring groove shell b (27), the top end of the disc spring b (26) is fixed at the top of the spring groove shell b (27), the top end of the spring groove shell b (27) is connected with a force sensor b (28) through threads, and the upper end of the force sensor b (28) is connected with a bearing seat b (6) through threads;
the pre-tightening force loading mechanism comprises an adjusting screw rod a (11), a micro thrust bearing a (12), a corrugated pipe (13), a round ball a (14), a ball connecting block a (15), a disc spring a (16), a spring groove shell a (17) and a force sensor a (18) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top along the axis direction of the pre-tightening force loading mechanism, the bottom end of the adjusting screw rod a (11) is fixed on the rack (7), the upper end of the adjusting screw rod a (11) is grooved, the micro thrust bearing a (12) is positioned in the groove, the micro thrust bearing a (12) is connected with the lower end of the corrugated pipe (13) through a lower corrugated pipe connecting block (20), an upper corrugated pipe connecting block (19) is arranged at the upper end of the corrugated pipe (13), the round ball a (14) is arranged in the center of the upper corrugated pipe connecting block (19), the upper end of the round ball a (14) acts on the ball connecting block a (15), and the bottom surface of the ball, the ball connecting block a (15) is connected with the bottom end of the disc spring a (16), the ball connecting block a (15) and the disc spring a (16) are covered on a spring groove shell a (17), the top end of the disc spring a (16) is fixed to the top of the spring groove shell a (17), the top end of the spring groove shell a (17) is connected with the force sensor a (18) through threads, and the upper end of the force sensor a (18) is connected with the bearing seat a (4) through threads.
2. The device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator as claimed in claim 1, wherein a motor shaft and a main shaft (3) of the motor assembly (2) are connected through a coupler (8), and the motor shaft and the main shaft (3) of the motor assembly (2) are respectively connected with two end keys of the coupler (8).
3. The device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rolling bearing (1) to be tested is positioned and fixed on a bearing seat a (4) through an elastic retainer ring a (9).
4. The device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator according to claim 1, wherein the support bearing (5) is positioned and fixed on a bearing seat b (6) through a circlip b (10).
5. The device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bellows upper connecting block (19) and the bellows lower connecting block (20) are fixedly connected with the bellows (13) through bolts and nuts.
6. The device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator according to claim 1, wherein the upper connection block (31) of the piezoelectric crystal actuator is fixedly connected with the piezoelectric crystal actuator (23) through threads.
7. The device for testing the radial dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing based on the piezoelectric actuator according to claim 1, wherein the micro thrust bearing b (22), the piezoelectric crystal actuator lower connecting block (30) and the piezoelectric crystal actuator (23) are sequentially connected in series through an inner hexagon screw (32).
CN201910807174.1A 2019-08-29 2019-08-29 Rolling bearing radial dynamic stiffness testing device based on piezoelectric actuator Active CN110567718B (en)

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