CN112178132B

CN112178132B - Worm gear center distance adjusting device

Info

Publication number: CN112178132B
Application number: CN202010976037.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯志超; 郭太波; 陈长鸣
Original assignee: HUBEI HUAZHONG PHOTOELECTRIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Ltd
Current assignee: Hubei Huazhong Changjiang Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-16
Filing date: 2020-09-16
Publication date: 2022-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-16
Also published as: CN112178132A

Abstract

The invention relates to a worm gear center distance adjusting device. The device mainly comprises a body 1, a worm wheel 2 and a worm 3, wherein the worm wheel 2 and the worm 3 are meshed with each other and are arranged inside the body 1, a shaft hole is formed in one end, close to the worm 3, of the body 1, threads are arranged at the tail part of the shaft hole, and a top sleeve 6, a spring 7 and a pressing ring 8 are arranged in the shaft hole. The pressing ring 8 compresses the spring 7, the spring 7 pushes the top sleeve 6, and the top sleeve 6 pushes the worm 3 to approach the worm wheel 2, so that backlash between the worm and the worm wheel is eliminated; in the process, the supporting mechanisms and the axial locking mechanisms at the two ends of the worm limit and lock the worm, so that the transmission of the worm is stable and accurate. The device has the advantages of simple principle and structure, convenient maintenance and use, lower production cost and capability of realizing industrialized mass production.

Description

Worm gear center distance adjusting device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of precision instruments and mechanical assembly, in particular to a worm and gear center distance adjusting device.

Background

The worm and gear mechanism is a common transmission mechanism, is generally used for motion transmission between interactive shafts, and has the advantages of large transmission ratio, strong bearing capacity, stable transmission, low noise, high transmission precision, self-locking property and the like.

In various optical measurement devices such as artillery steering wheels, artillery direct-aiming mechanisms and the like, angle measuring devices are designed by utilizing the characteristics of large transmission ratio, self-locking property and the like of worm and gear mechanisms, and then the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of a target are measured. Such goniometric devices often require a high degree of measurement accuracy, and typically the measurement error within one revolution must not exceed 1.5 mils. Analysis shows that the measurement accuracy mainly depends on the transmission accuracy of the worm gear, and backlash between the worm gear and the worm, caused by the center distance error of the worm gear and the worm gear tooth error and the like, is the main cause of the transmission error of the worm gear and the worm. Therefore, the problem of how to effectively control the center distance error of the worm gear is urgently solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a center distance adjusting device of a worm gear and a worm with a novel structure, which mainly comprises a body 1, a worm wheel 2 and a worm 3, wherein the worm wheel 2 and the worm 3 are installed in the body 1, and the worm wheel 2 and the worm 3 are meshed with each other. One end of the body 1 close to the worm 3 is provided with a shaft hole, and a top sleeve 6, a spring 7 and a pressing ring 8 are arranged in the shaft hole; the pressing ring 8 compresses the spring 7, the spring 7 pushes the top sleeve 6, and the top sleeve 6 pushes the worm 3 to approach the worm wheel 2, so that backlash between the worm and the worm wheel is eliminated.

Furthermore, the meshing parts of the shaft hole and the worm gear are respectively positioned at two sides of the worm 3 and staggered at a certain position along the axial direction of the worm, and the shaft hole is vertical to the worm 3.

Furthermore, the tail part of the shaft hole is also provided with threads, the pressing ring 8 is fixedly connected with the threads at the tail part of the shaft hole, and the compression degree of the spring 7 can be adjusted by rotating the pressing ring 8.

Furthermore, the device also comprises a supporting mechanism at two ends of the worm; wherein, the supporting mechanism at one end (top end) is a shaft sleeve 9, a kidney-shaped hole is processed on the shaft sleeve 9, and the worm 3 passes through the kidney-shaped hole of the shaft sleeve 9; the supporting mechanism at the other end (bottom end) of the worm comprises a conical washer 4 and a washer seat 5, the conical surface of the conical washer 4 is matched with the spherical surface of the end part of the worm to play a role in limiting and supporting, and the washer seat 5 compresses and fixes the conical washer 4 on the body 1, so that the center of the conical washer 4 is coaxial with the center of the worm mounting hole of the body 1.

Furthermore, the conical washer 4 is formed by splicing a left semicircular part and a right semicircular part. The design of the conical surface gasket can ensure the form and position tolerance precision of the conical surface, reduce the structural size of the conical surface gasket and also ensure the coaxiality and the assembly convenience of the conical surface gasket and the body. Just because the design of the conical washer is additionally provided with the washer seat 5, the conical washer 4 and the end part of the worm 3 can be integrally assembled on the body after being matched.

Furthermore, the conical surface of the conical surface gasket 4 is concave, the spherical surface of the end part of the worm is convex, and the diameter of the convex spherical surface part is larger than that of the worm.

Further, the device also comprises a worm axial locking mechanism, wherein the worm axial locking mechanism comprises a friction washer 10, an inner spherical washer 11, an outer spherical washer 12, a bushing 13, a pin 14 and a nut 15. The worm 3 passes through mounting holes in a friction washer 10, an inner spherical washer 11, an outer spherical washer 12 and a bush 13, the friction washer 10 is fixedly connected with the end face of the shaft sleeve 9, the inner spherical washer 11 is fixedly connected with the friction washer 10, the outer spherical washer 12 and the inner spherical washer 11 are installed in a matched mode through an arc face, the bush 13 is sleeved at the end portion of the worm and tightly presses the outer spherical washer (the friction washer and the inner spherical washer), and a nut 15 is fixedly connected with the end portion of the worm 3 through threads. After the adjustment is completed, the nut 15 is rotated to lock the bushing, and then the axial movement of the worm is eliminated by driving the pin 14 perpendicular to the worm.

In the process, the friction washer 10, the inner spherical washer 11 and the outer spherical washer 12 form a spherical pair. By means of the contact of the cambered surface of the gasket, the problem of uneven worm rotation torque caused by the fact that the end face of the shaft sleeve is not perpendicular to the worm after the worm is adjusted and locked can be solved by adjusting the worm, and therefore the smooth transmission of the worm is guaranteed without clamping stagnation.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the principle and the structure are simple, the maintenance and the use are convenient, the production cost is low, and the industrialized large-scale production can be realized; (2) the worm is pushed to approach the worm wheel by the elastic force of the spring positioned at the side part of the worm, so that backlash between the worm and the worm wheel is eliminated as much as possible, and the transmission precision of the worm and gear mechanism is greatly improved; (3) through the supporting mechanism and the axial locking mechanism at the upper end and the lower end of the worm, the firmness of the worm fixation is ensured, the problem of uneven rotation torque of the worm is avoided, and the transmission smoothness is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a worm;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bevel washer configuration.

The novel worm gear comprises a body 1, a worm wheel 2, a worm 3, a conical washer 4, a washer seat 5, a top sleeve 6, a spring 7, a pressing ring 8, a shaft sleeve 9, a friction washer 10, an inner spherical washer 11, an outer spherical washer 12, a bush 13, a pin 14 and a nut 15.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art fully understand the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the following description is further provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.

The upper part, the lower part, the left part and the right part of the invention refer to the orientation in the attached drawings.

The worm and gear center distance adjusting device shown in fig. 1-3 mainly comprises a body 1, a worm wheel 2, a worm 3, a conical washer 4, a washer seat 5, a top sleeve 6, a spring 7, a pressing ring 8, a shaft sleeve 9, a friction washer 10, an inner spherical washer 11, an outer spherical washer 12, a bush 13, a pin 14 and a nut 15. The worm wheel 2 and the worm 3 which are mutually meshed form a pair of worm and worm transmission mechanisms, the conical washer 4 and the lower end spherical surface of the worm form a spherical pair A, the conical washer 4 and the washer seat 5 form a lower end supporting mechanism of the worm, the friction washer 10, the inner spherical washer 11 and the outer spherical washer 12 form a spherical pair B, the shaft sleeve 9 is the upper end supporting mechanism of the worm, and the friction washer 10, the inner spherical washer 11, the outer spherical washer 12, the bush 13, the pin 14 and the nut 15 form an axial locking mechanism of the worm together.

The main body 1 is an assembly main body, and other parts are directly or indirectly fixedly arranged on the main body 1. The worm wheel 2 and the worm 3 are engaged and mounted at the assembling position of the body 1. The lower end of the worm 3 is designed into a hemispherical surface which extends and expands outwards, the conical washer 4 (which is formed by assembling two semicircular parts and is made of lead brass bars Hpb59-1) is installed in a matching way with the hemispherical surface at the lower end of the worm, and the conical washer 4 is tightly pressed and fixed on the main body through the washer seat 5. The opening of the concave conical surface of the conical washer 4 is downward, and the convex hemispherical surface at the lower end of the worm is upward, so that the worm 3 can rotate around the conical contact line of the spherical surface of the worm and the conical washer. A vertical shaft hole is formed in the position, close to the upper left side of the worm, of the main body 1, and a top sleeve 6, a spring 7 and a pressing ring 8 are arranged in the shaft hole. The tail part of the shaft hole is provided with threads, and the pressing ring 8 is fixed in the shaft hole through the threads and compresses the spring 7. After the rear pressing ring 8 is installed, the spring 7 is compressed, the elastic force of the spring 7 pushes the ejection sleeve 6 to move rightwards, the ejection sleeve 6 abuts against the worm 3 to swing in the spherical pair A to adjust the center distance between the worm wheel and the worm, so that backlash between the worm wheel and the worm is eliminated, and the purpose of improving the transmission precision of the worm wheel and worm mechanism is achieved.

This is simply not enough and a reliable support and locking of the upper end of the worm is also required, which requires an axial locking mechanism by means of the bushing 9 and the worm. The shaft sleeve 9, the friction washer 10, the inner spherical washer 11, the outer spherical washer 12 and the bush 13 are sequentially sleeved at the upper end of the worm 3, and the tail end face of the shaft sleeve 9 is fixedly connected with the friction washer 10; the contact surfaces of the inner spherical washer 11 and the outer spherical washer 12 are provided with mutually matched arc surfaces, an assembly body formed by the mutual contact is tightly pressed by the bush 13 after being in close contact with the friction washer 10, the bush and the worm/main body are locked by the nut, and finally, the pin is driven into the worm through the pin guide hole on the shaft sleeve and is vertical to the worm, so that the axial movement of the worm is eliminated.

The invention pushes the worm to move towards the worm wheel by the elasticity of the spring so as to eliminate the backlash between the worm and the worm wheel, and avoids the phenomena of overlarge moment, inconsistent tightness and clamping stagnation generated by transmission and the like of the hard pushing (namely the pressing ring directly pushes the top sleeve). A friction washer 10, an inner spherical washer 11 and an outer spherical washer 12 in the axial locking mechanism form a universal shaft joint, the problem of uneven worm rotation torque caused by the fact that the end face of a shaft sleeve is not perpendicular to the worm after the worm is adjusted and locked can be solved, and smooth and clamping stagnation-free worm transmission is further guaranteed. The device has tried in my certain model product, has obtained better effect.

Claims

1. A worm and gear center distance adjusting device is characterized by comprising a body (1), a worm wheel (2), a worm (3), a worm axial locking mechanism and supporting mechanisms at two ends of the worm; the worm wheel (2) and the worm (3) are arranged in the body (1), and the worm wheel (2) and the worm (3) are meshed with each other; one end of the body (1) close to the worm (3) is provided with a shaft hole, and a top sleeve (6), a spring (7) and a pressing ring (8) are arranged in the shaft hole; the pressing ring (8) compresses the spring (7), the spring (7) pushes the top sleeve (6), and the top sleeve (6) pushes the worm (3) to approach the worm wheel (2), so that backlash between the worm and the worm wheel is eliminated; a supporting mechanism at one end of the worm is a shaft sleeve (9), a waist-shaped hole is processed on the shaft sleeve (9), and the worm (3) penetrates through the waist-shaped hole of the shaft sleeve (9); the supporting mechanism at the other end of the worm comprises a conical surface gasket (4) and a gasket seat (5), the conical surface gasket (4) is formed by splicing a left semicircular part and a right semicircular part, the conical surface of the conical surface gasket (4) is concave, the spherical surface of the end part of the worm is convex, and the diameter of the convex spherical surface part is larger than that of the worm; the conical surface of the conical washer (4) is matched with the spherical surface of the end part of the worm to play a role in limiting and supporting, and the conical washer (4) is tightly pressed and fixed on the body (1) by the washer seat (5); the axial worm locking mechanism comprises a friction washer (10), an inner spherical washer (11), an outer spherical washer (12), a bushing (13), a pin (14) and a nut (15); the worm (3) passes through a friction washer (10), an inner spherical washer (11), an outer spherical washer (12) and a mounting hole in a bushing (13), the friction washer (10) is fixedly connected with the end face of a shaft sleeve (9), the inner spherical washer (11) is fixedly connected with the friction washer (10), the outer spherical washer (12) is installed with the inner spherical washer (11) in a matched mode through an arc face, the bushing (13) is sleeved at the end part of the worm and tightly presses the outer spherical washer, a nut (15) is fixedly connected with the end part of the worm (3) through threads to lock the bushing (13), and finally a pin (14) is driven into the worm perpendicular to the worm (3) to eliminate axial movement of the worm.

2. A worm gear center distance adjusting device according to claim 1, wherein: the meshing parts of the shaft hole and the worm gear are respectively positioned at two sides of the worm (3) and staggered for a certain position along the axial direction of the worm.

3. A worm gear center distance adjusting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shaft hole is vertical to the worm (3).

4. A worm gear center distance adjusting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tail part of the shaft hole is also provided with threads, the pressing ring (8) is fixedly connected with the threads at the tail part of the shaft hole, and the compression degree of the spring (7) can be adjusted by rotating the pressing ring (8).