Heavy metal wastewater treatment process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a heavy metal wastewater treatment process.
Background
In industrial production, a large amount of sewage containing heavy metals is generated in the industries of electroplating, electronics, ore dressing, metallurgy, chemical engineering, automobiles and the like, the sewage enters the nature without being treated, is continuously enriched through a biological chain, even can be absorbed by plants and harms the human health through a food chain, and the heavy metal ion biological treatment agent has the characteristics of high toxicity, strong durability and the like, and has no self-cleaning and biodegradation capacity in the nature. At present, the methods for treating heavy metal sewage at home and abroad mainly comprise a chemical precipitation method, an adsorption method, an electrolysis method, an ion exchange method, a reverse osmosis method and the like. The adsorption method is one of common methods for treating the heavy metal polluted wastewater, and compared with the traditional treatment methods such as a chemical precipitation method, a membrane separation method, an electrochemical method, an ion exchange method and the like, the adsorption method has the advantages that the defects of large reagent consumption, easiness in causing secondary pollution, complex technical process, complex management, higher operation cost, high energy consumption, unsuitability for treating the low-concentration heavy metal wastewater and the like are overcome; but has various advantages: the adsorbent has the advantages of rich raw material sources, various varieties, simple treatment equipment by an adsorption method, flexible, convenient and safe operation process, stable and efficient treatment effect, low energy consumption, low operation cost, no secondary pollution, strong practicability and easy popularization.
The research shows that sulfate is reduced into H by biological reduction reaction of dissimilatory sulfate by using sulfate reducing bacteria 2 S, and using certain microorganisms to transform H 2 S is oxidized to elemental sulfur to produceThe sulfide of (a) is combined with the heavy metal to form a metal sulfide precipitate. However, in the treatment process of the sulfate reducing bacteria, the toxicity of heavy metals and the COD content in water have a prominent problem of inhibiting the sulfate reducing bacteria, so that the removal rate of the heavy metals is influenced, and the application of the sulfate reducing bacteria in the practice of treating heavy metal wastewater is not facilitated. Therefore, a process suitable for heavy metal wastewater treatment is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heavy metal wastewater treatment process.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a heavy metal wastewater treatment process, which comprises the following steps: (1) flocculation treatment: introducing the wastewater into a flocculation process for flocculation treatment, wherein ferrous ions are added in the flocculation process, and the adding amount of the ferrous ions is 50-200mg/L;
(2) Solid-liquid separation: carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent of the flocculation process;
(3) Biological adsorption: introducing clear liquid after solid-liquid separation into a biological adsorption tank for biological adsorption, and adding excess sludge into the biological adsorption tank, wherein dominant strains in the excess sludge are composite sulfate reducing bacteria;
(4) And (3) precipitation: conveying the mud-water mixture in the biological adsorption tank to a sedimentation tank for sedimentation treatment;
(5) Culturing: conveying the precipitated sludge to a culture pond, conveying the supernatant to an RO process, and conveying the mixture in the acidification pond to the culture pond;
(6) Secondary precipitation: conveying the mixture in the culture tank to a secondary sedimentation tank for fractional sedimentation, and dividing the mixture into an upper clear water layer, a middle sludge layer and a bottom sediment layer;
(7) And (3) ultrafiltration: a sludge discharge pipe is arranged in the middle of the secondary sedimentation tank, the sludge-water mixture of the upper clear water layer and the middle sludge layer in the secondary sedimentation tank is conveyed to an ultrafiltration device for ultrafiltration treatment, the ultrafiltration permeate is conveyed to the RO process, and the ultrafiltration concentrate is conveyed to a biological adsorption tank;
further, a biological flocculant is added in the flocculation process, wherein the biological flocculant is biological slurry obtained after the excess sludge is treated by a cracking process;
further, the excess sludge is the excess sludge produced by the sulfate-containing sewage treatment process;
furthermore, the cracking process is ultrasonic treatment;
furthermore, the retention time of the wastewater in the biological adsorption tank is 25-40min, and the MLSS is controlled to be 6000-10000ppm;
further, straw and the wastewater are added into the acidification tank for acidification treatment;
further, hydrolytic acidification sludge is added into the acidification tank;
further, conveying the concentrated solution of the RO process to the culture pond;
further, the mixture in the acidification pool is conveyed to the culture pool for ultrasonic cracking treatment;
further, the sound energy density during the ultrasonic cracking treatment is 0.580-0.900W/ml;
further, residual activated sludge is added into the acidification tank to carry out anaerobic acidification;
further, the pH value in the culture pond and the secondary sedimentation pond is controlled to be 7.0-7.5;
further, adding iron powder into the sedimentation tank, wherein the adding amount is 1.5-5g/L;
further, the compound sulfate reducing bacteria are two or more of vibrio desulfovii, bacillus desulfurativa, enterobacter desulfurativa and streptococcus desulfurativa.
The heavy metal wastewater treatment process disclosed by the invention at least has the following advantages:
1. before the excess sludge is used for adsorbing heavy metals, flocculation treatment is carried out, excess sludge slurry is added in the flocculation treatment, the excess sludge is sludge containing oil and meeting the requirement of sulfate reducing bacteria, the treated wastewater contains sulfate, and the excess sludge contains S 2- FeS nano particles are formed under the action of adding ferrous ions and can reduce heavy metal ions (such as Cr) 6+ ) And forming insoluble particles with heavy metal ions, and settling under the action of ferrous/ferric salt;
2. benefit toThe excess sludge containing the composite sulfate reducing bacteria as the dominant bacteria is used for biological adsorption, and the reductase produced by the composite sulfate reducing bacteria has the function of catalyzing to produce S 2- Meanwhile, the composite sulfate reducing bacteria have the biological flocculation effect of chelating and occluding heavy metal ions, so that the concentration of heavy metal in the wastewater can be quickly reduced;
3. after the heavy metal content is rapidly reduced in the biological adsorption stage, the heavy metal is conveyed to a culture pond for culture through precipitation treatment, and the supernatant is conveyed to an RO process for treatment, so that the load of membrane treatment is greatly reduced;
4, conveying the RO concentrated solution into a culture pond to be cultured together with the sludge containing the composite sulfate reducing bacteria, wherein the composite sulfate reducing bacteria can reduce sulfate radicals in the wastewater into S 2- While providing H under the reducing action of the iron powder 2 Accelerating the reduction process of sulfate radical (SO) 4 2- +H 2 →S 2- + H2O), further improving the removal effect of heavy metals;
5. and performing sectional sedimentation in a secondary sedimentation tank, discharging sediment at the bottom, performing ultrafiltration treatment on the mixture of the upper layer and the middle layer to obtain concentrated sludge, returning the concentrated sludge to the biological adsorption tank, and reducing the content of heavy metals in the residual sludge.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heavy metal wastewater treatment process;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1
A heavy metal wastewater treatment process comprises the following steps (see figure 1):
(1) Flocculation treatment: introducing the wastewater into a flocculation process for flocculation treatment, wherein ferrous ions are added in the flocculation process, and the adding amount of the ferrous ions is 50-200mg/L;
(2) Solid-liquid separation: performing solid-liquid separation treatment on the effluent of the flocculation process, wherein a biological flocculant is added in the flocculation process, the biological flocculant is biological slurry obtained by performing cracking process treatment on the excess sludge, the excess sludge is excess sludge generated by a sulfate-containing sewage treatment process, and the adding amount of the biological slurry is 10-50ml/L;
(3) Biological adsorption: introducing acid mine wastewater into a biological adsorption tank for biological adsorption, adding excess sludge into the biological adsorption tank, wherein the dominant bacteria in the excess sludge are composite sulfate reducing bacteria, the retention time of the wastewater in the biological adsorption tank is 30min, and the MLSS is controlled at 8000ppm;
(4) And (3) precipitation: conveying the sludge-water mixture in the biological adsorption tank to a sedimentation tank for sedimentation treatment, and adding iron powder into the sedimentation tank, wherein the adding amount is 2g/L;
(5) Culturing: conveying the precipitated sludge to a culture tank for anaerobic culture, controlling the pH to be 7.0-7.5 and the HRT to be 6-12h, conveying the supernatant to an RO process, and conveying the mixture in an acidification tank to the culture tank;
(6) Secondary precipitation: conveying the mixture in the culture tank to a secondary sedimentation tank for fractional sedimentation, and dividing the mixture into an upper clear water layer, a middle sludge layer and a bottom sediment layer;
(7) And (3) ultrafiltration: and a sludge discharge pipe is arranged in the middle of the secondary sedimentation tank, the sludge-water mixture of the upper clear water layer and the middle sludge layer in the secondary sedimentation tank is conveyed to an ultrafiltration device for ultrafiltration treatment, the ultrafiltration permeate is conveyed to the RO process, and the ultrafiltration concentrate is conveyed to a biological adsorption tank.
Through controlling the pH value in the culture pond, the removal rate of heavy metals in the acid mine wastewater is determined: wherein the removal rate exceeds 95% at pH 7-7.5 and reaches 98.7 at pH 7.3. While the removal rates were only 81.5, 83.7 and 86.1 at pH 5, 5.5 and 6 and 91.4 at pH 8.
Therefore, the removal efficiency of heavy metals in the acidic mine wastewater can be controlled by controlling the pH in the culture pond to be 7.0-7.5, and 95% of heavy metals can be removed.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.