CN112172424B - Automatic unhooking device and automatic unhooking method - Google Patents
Automatic unhooking device and automatic unhooking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112172424B CN112172424B CN201910604502.8A CN201910604502A CN112172424B CN 112172424 B CN112172424 B CN 112172424B CN 201910604502 A CN201910604502 A CN 201910604502A CN 112172424 B CN112172424 B CN 112172424B
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- unhooking
- automatic
- knuckle
- knuckle plate
- cylinder
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/24—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions
- B60D1/26—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions for remote control, e.g. for releasing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements
- B61G3/16—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements with coupling heads rigidly connected by rotatable hook plates or discs and balancing links, the coupling members forming a parallelogram, e.g. "Scharfenberg" type
- B61G3/20—Control devices, e.g. for uncoupling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an automatic unhooking device and an automatic unhooking method, wherein the automatic unhooking device comprises: the mechanical hook head is internally provided with a hook tongue plate capable of pivoting; the driving unit drives the knuckle plate to rotate; the unhooking signal detection unit detects whether the knuckle plate rotates to a unhooking position or not, and sends out a unhooking signal when detecting that the knuckle plate rotates to the unhooking position. The automatic unhooking device and the automatic unhooking method can realize automatic unhooking and unhooking operations under a high-speed running state, so that two vehicles connected with the device are separated, and the safety of test equipment and personnel is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vehicle collision tests, and particularly relates to an automatic unhooking device and an automatic unhooking method.
Background
The coupler device mainly plays roles of coupling vehicles and transferring longitudinal force, and the traditional coupler buffer device is mainly designed around how to improve the reliability of coupling and stop the occurrence of automatic uncoupling accidents. However, with the development of economy and society, the demands for the coupler function are more diversified, and in some industrial application scenarios, such as the working conditions of a vehicle collision test system, a molten iron car discharging and the like, automatic uncoupling and uncoupling functions between the tractor and the towed vehicle are required.
In the vehicle collision test system, a driving vehicle is required to be used for pulling a tested vehicle to accelerate to a target speed and then unhooking control is carried out, the driving vehicle applies braking after unhooking, and the tested vehicle finishes the collision test by means of idle running. In order to ensure the absolute safety of the test personnel, unhooking and separating operations between the driving vehicle and the tested vehicle must be automatically completed.
The existing coupler is designed by taking reliable coupling as guiding, and the difficulty of completing automatic uncoupling and uncoupling operations in a high-speed running state is high. The existing coupler coupling state detection devices can only detect the abnormal coupler coupling, but can not ensure successful uncoupling. The existing coupling schemes are therefore not suitable for use in crash test systems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an automatic unhooking device and an automatic unhooking method aiming at the defect of automatic unhooking and unhooking functions of the existing vehicle collision test system, and the automatic unhooking and unhooking operations can be realized in a high-speed running state, so that two vehicles connected with the device are separated, and the safety of test equipment and personnel is ensured.
To achieve the above object, the present application provides an automatic unhooking device including: the mechanical hook head is internally provided with a hook tongue plate capable of pivoting; the driving unit drives the knuckle plate to rotate; the unhooking signal detection unit detects whether the knuckle plate rotates to a unhooking position or not, and sends out a unhooking signal when detecting that the knuckle plate rotates to the unhooking position.
Further, the unhooking in-place signal detection unit comprises a knuckle rotating shaft fixedly connected with the knuckle plate, an extension shaft arranged on the knuckle rotating shaft and a unhooking in-place sensor, wherein the unhooking in-place sensor detects whether the knuckle plate rotates to a unhooking position or not by detecting the position of the extension shaft.
Further, the unhooking in-place sensor is a proximity switch, and when the extension shaft rotates to a position corresponding to the unhooking position, the unhooking in-place sensor detects the extension shaft and sends out a unhooking in-place signal.
Further, the unhooking in-place sensor is fixedly arranged at the top of the hook head.
Further, the unhooking in-place signal detection unit further comprises a limiting device for limiting the rotation angle of the knuckle spindle and the extension spindle.
Further, the driving unit comprises a unhooking cylinder and a unhooking cylinder acting arm capable of moving along the unhooking cylinder, and the unhooking cylinder acting arm is connected with the knuckle plate to drive the knuckle plate to rotate.
Further, the unhooking cylinder acting arm is hinged with the knuckle plate.
Further, the driving unit further comprises an air supply pipeline communicated with the unhooking cylinder and an electromagnetic valve arranged on the air supply pipeline.
Further, the unhooking cylinder is mounted on the side of the hook head.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided an automatic unhooking method including the steps of: receiving a unhooking command issued by a driving vehicle; when receiving the unhooking command, the driving unit drives the coupler knuckle plate in the mechanical coupler head to rotate; the unhooking signal detection unit detects whether the knuckle plate rotates to a unhooking position or not, and sends out a unhooking signal when detecting that the knuckle plate rotates to the unhooking position; and after the traction control system receives the unhooking signal, braking is applied to the driving vehicle so as to separate the tested vehicle end hook from the driving vehicle end hook.
The invention realizes the automatic unhooking, unhooking and separating of the tractor and the tested vehicle, and avoids the huge potential safety hazard caused by manual unhooking in a high-speed running state. In addition, the invention improves the state detection unit of the existing car coupler, and detects the signal of the car coupler uncoupling in place by arranging the uncoupling in-place sensor, so that the traction control system can judge that the uncoupling is in place, and the brake of the driving car can be controlled, and the uncoupling success is ensured, and the two cars are separated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an automatic unhooking device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Wherein the above figures include the following reference numerals:
1-a mechanical hook head; 2-unhooking cylinder; 3-unhooking cylinder action arms; 4-a stopper column; 5-extending the shaft; 6-unhooking the in-place sensor; 7-a knuckle spindle; 8-hooked tongue plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
An automatic unhooking apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the automatic unhooking device includes a mechanical hook head 1, a driving unit, and a unhooking-in-place signal detecting unit. A pivotable knuckle plate 8 is arranged in the mechanical hook head 1. The drive unit drives the hooking tongue plate 8 to rotate. The unhooking-in-place signal detection unit detects whether the coupler knuckle plate 8 rotates to the unhooking position, and issues a unhooking-in-place signal when detecting that the coupler knuckle plate 8 rotates to the unhooking position.
The automatic unhooking device can be installed on vehicles to be hooked/unhooked, for example, on driving vehicles and tested vehicles in vehicle collision tests. When the coupler knuckle plate rotates to the unhooking position in the state that the coupler head at the driving vehicle end is connected with the coupler head at the tested vehicle end, unhooking can be carried out.
According to the automatic unhooking device, the driving device capable of driving the hook tongue plate to rotate is arranged, so that automatic unhooking, unhooking and separation of a trailer are realized, and the huge potential safety hazard caused by manual unhooking in a high-speed running state is avoided. In addition, the uncoupling in-place signal of the coupler is detected by arranging the uncoupling in-place sensor, and the traction control system can judge that the uncoupling is in place, so that the uncoupling and the separation of two vehicles can be completed by driving the vehicle brake.
In this embodiment, the knuckle plate 8 may be pivotally connected to the hook head 1, for example, by a center pin, such that the knuckle plate 8 may rotate about the center axis of the center pin.
In this embodiment, the drive unit includes a unhooking cylinder 2 and a unhooking cylinder action arm 3 movable along the unhooking cylinder 2. The unhooking cylinder 2 is preferably mounted laterally of the hook head 1. The unhooking cylinder reaction arm 3 is connected to the hooking tongue 8, preferably hinged to the hooking tongue 8, so as to convert the rectilinear motion of the unhooking cylinder reaction arm 3 into a rotation of the hooking tongue 8. The unhooking cylinder acting arm 3 moves linearly along the unhooking cylinder 2, thereby pushing the hooking tongue plate 8 to rotate toward the unhooking position. When the coupler tongue plate 8 is rotated to the unhooking position, the coupler head mounted on the vehicle end to be tested and the coupler head mounted on the drive vehicle end are in a state of being detachable from each other.
Optionally, the driving unit further comprises a supply air pipe communicating with the unhooking cylinder 2 and a solenoid valve provided in the supply air pipe. The on-off of the air supply of the unhooking cylinder 2 can be controlled by the electromagnetic valve.
It will be appreciated that the drive unit of the present invention is not limited to the above-described exemplary structure, but may be any drive structure that works pneumatically, electrically or hydraulically, etc., as long as the flapper 8 is driven to pivot.
The unhooking signal detection unit comprises a knuckle spindle 7, an extension spindle 5 and a unhooking sensor 6. The unhooking in-place sensor 6 is preferably fixedly mounted on top of the hook head 1. The knuckle spindle 7 is fixedly connected with the knuckle plate 8. The knuckle spindle 7 is provided with an extension shaft 5 to transfer the rotational state of the knuckle plate 8 to the unhooking in-place sensor 6. The extension shaft 5 can be integrally formed with, fixedly connected to, or detachably connected to the knuckle spindle 7. For example, the extension shaft 5 may be sleeved on the knuckle spindle 7. When the coupler tongue plate 8 rotates, the coupler tongue rotating shaft 7 and the projecting shaft 5 on the coupler tongue rotating shaft 7 rotate in synchronization therewith. The unhooking-in-place sensor 6 detects the position of the projecting shaft 5 and thus the position of the hooking tongue plate 8 rotating in synchronization with the projecting shaft 5. The position where the shaft 5 is extended when the hooking tongue plate 8 is rotated to the unhooking position is referred to as a unhooking position corresponding position. When the extension shaft 5 rotates to the unhooking position corresponding position, the unhooking position sensor 6 issues a unhooking position signal. In this embodiment, the unhooking sensor 6 is, for example, a proximity switch. The proximity switch is arranged so that the unhooking position corresponding position is within the action distance of the proximity switch. When the hooking tongue plate 8 rotates to the unhooking position, the extension shaft 5 which rotates synchronously with the hooking tongue plate rotates to the unhooking position corresponding position, and at the moment, the unhooking in-place sensor 6 detects the extension shaft 5 and sends out a unhooking in-place signal. The unhook in place signal may be received by a traction control system on the drive vehicle. When the traction control system receives the unhooking signal, it is determined that the hooking tongue plate 8 has rotated to the unhooking position, and therefore a braking command is issued to brake the driving vehicle. The tested vehicle continues to advance under the inertia effect, so that the end hook of the tested vehicle is separated from the end hook of the driving vehicle.
Optionally, the unhooking in-place signal detection unit is provided with a limiting device. The limiting device limits the rotation angles of the knuckle spindle 7 and the extension shaft 5 so as to prevent the excessive damage of the rotation angles of the knuckle spindle 7 and the extension shaft 5 from unhooking the in-place sensor 6. In this embodiment, the stop means is a stop post 4. When the coupler knuckle spindle 7 and the extension shaft 5 rotate, the stop post 4 can be stopped on the outer wall of the extension shaft 5 to limit the rotation angle of the extension shaft 5 and the coupler knuckle spindle 7, so that the excessive damage of the rotation angle of the coupler knuckle spindle 7 and the extension shaft 5 to the unhooked in-place sensor 6 is avoided.
The automatic unhooking method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: receiving a unhooking command issued by a driving vehicle; when receiving the unhooking command, the driving unit drives the coupler knuckle plate in the mechanical coupler head to rotate; the unhooking signal detection unit detects whether the knuckle plate rotates to a unhooking position or not, and sends out a unhooking signal when detecting that the knuckle plate rotates to the unhooking position; and after the traction control system receives the unhooking signal, braking is applied to the driving vehicle so as to separate the tested vehicle end hook from the driving vehicle end hook.
The automatic unhooking method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail as follows.
Under the state that the driving vehicle is connected with the tested vehicle and the driving vehicle pulls the tested vehicle to run at a high speed, the driving vehicle gives an unhooking command to control the unhooking electromagnetic valve to be opened, the driving vehicle air supply pipeline ventilates to the unhooking air cylinder 2, the unhooking air cylinder acting arm 3 pushes the hooking tongue plate 8 in the hook head 1 to rotate to the unhooking position, the hooking tongue rotating shaft 7 and the hooking tongue plate 8 synchronously rotate, the extension shaft 5 rotates to the corresponding position of the unhooking position along with the unhooking tongue plate, the unhooking in-place sensor 6 detects the extension shaft 5 to obtain a unhooking in-place signal, the unhooking in-place signal is fed back to the traction control system, the driving vehicle applies braking, and the hook head at the end of the tested vehicle is separated from the hook head at the driving vehicle end due to the inertia effect of the tested vehicle, so that the separation of the two vehicles is ensured.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention; the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An automatic unhooking device, characterized in that it comprises: the mechanical hook head is internally provided with a hook tongue plate capable of pivoting;
the driving unit drives the knuckle plate to rotate;
the unhooking signal detection unit detects whether the knuckle plate rotates to a unhooking position or not and sends out a unhooking signal when detecting that the knuckle plate rotates to the unhooking position;
the unhooking in-place signal detection unit comprises a coupler knuckle rotating shaft fixedly connected with the coupler knuckle plate, an extension shaft arranged on the coupler knuckle rotating shaft and a unhooking in-place sensor, wherein the unhooking in-place sensor detects whether the coupler knuckle plate rotates to a unhooking position or not by detecting the position of the extension shaft;
the unhooking in-place sensor is a proximity switch, and when the extension shaft rotates to a corresponding unhooking position, the unhooking in-place sensor detects the extension shaft and sends out a unhooking in-place signal;
wherein, unhook sensor fixed mounting in order is at the gib head top.
2. The automatic unhooking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the unhooking-in-place signal detecting unit further includes a limiting device for limiting a rotation angle of the knuckle spindle and the extension spindle.
3. The automatic unhooking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the driving unit includes a unhooking cylinder and a unhooking cylinder-acting arm movable along the unhooking cylinder, the unhooking cylinder-acting arm being connected with the knuckle plate to drive the knuckle plate to rotate.
4. An automatic unhooking apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein said unhooking cylinder actuation arm is hinged to said knuckle plate.
5. The automatic unhooking apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the driving unit further includes a supply line communicating with the unhooking cylinder and a solenoid valve provided on the supply line.
6. The automatic unhooking apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the unhooking cylinder is installed at a side of the hook head.
7. An automatic unhooking method, characterized in that the automatic unhooking method is applied to the automatic unhooking device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises the following steps:
receiving a unhooking command issued by a driving vehicle;
when receiving the unhooking command, the driving unit drives the coupler knuckle plate in the mechanical coupler head to rotate;
the unhooking signal detection unit detects whether the knuckle plate rotates to a unhooking position or not, and sends out a unhooking signal when detecting that the knuckle plate rotates to the unhooking position;
and after the traction control system receives the unhooking signal, braking is applied to the driving vehicle so as to separate the tested vehicle end hook from the driving vehicle end hook.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910604502.8A CN112172424B (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2019-07-05 | Automatic unhooking device and automatic unhooking method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910604502.8A CN112172424B (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2019-07-05 | Automatic unhooking device and automatic unhooking method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112172424A CN112172424A (en) | 2021-01-05 |
| CN112172424B true CN112172424B (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910604502.8A Active CN112172424B (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2019-07-05 | Automatic unhooking device and automatic unhooking method |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113029596B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2024-05-14 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Wheel acceleration torque system and test equipment for simulating road test of automobile chassis |
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| JPH08290711A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1996-11-05 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Automatic connection-disconnecting device for self-propelled vehicle and vehicle to be towed |
| CN201999006U (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-10-05 | 青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | Coupling system of draft gear of railway vehicle |
| CN106274958A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | Hitch solves hook mechanism automatically |
| CN106379366A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-08 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Locomotive as well as automatic linkage hooking control method and device |
| CN206589896U (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-10-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Hitch connects hook solution hook assembly and the Rail Transit System with it |
| CN208530582U (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-02-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Hitch solves hook mechanism and the rail vehicle with it automatically |
| CN109436010A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-08 | 中铁武汉勘察设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of automatic coupling device of track power flatcar and method |
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2019
- 2019-07-05 CN CN201910604502.8A patent/CN112172424B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08290711A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1996-11-05 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Automatic connection-disconnecting device for self-propelled vehicle and vehicle to be towed |
| CN201999006U (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-10-05 | 青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | Coupling system of draft gear of railway vehicle |
| CN106274958A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | Hitch solves hook mechanism automatically |
| CN106379366A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-08 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Locomotive as well as automatic linkage hooking control method and device |
| CN206589896U (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-10-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Hitch connects hook solution hook assembly and the Rail Transit System with it |
| CN208530582U (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-02-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Hitch solves hook mechanism and the rail vehicle with it automatically |
| CN109436010A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-08 | 中铁武汉勘察设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of automatic coupling device of track power flatcar and method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112172424A (en) | 2021-01-05 |
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