CN112172272B - 一种无人机防火材料 - Google Patents

一种无人机防火材料 Download PDF

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CN112172272B
CN112172272B CN202011059512.7A CN202011059512A CN112172272B CN 112172272 B CN112172272 B CN 112172272B CN 202011059512 A CN202011059512 A CN 202011059512A CN 112172272 B CN112172272 B CN 112172272B
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王选伦
刘玲
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Chongqing University of Technology
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    • D06M11/36Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
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    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无人机防火材料,属于无人机材料技术领域,所述无人机材料为多层复合材料,所述多层复合材料由底层、中间层和表层依次复合而成,所述底层为增强聚丙烯纤维,所述中间层为多孔玄武岩纤维毡,所述表层为碳纤维,提供一种制作无人机罩盖的无人机防火材料,制备的防火材料质轻、强度高,且能起到隔热作用,可以扩大无人机的使用范围,尤其适合在火场进行使用。

Description

一种无人机防火材料
技术领域
本发明涉及无人机材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种无人机防火材料。
背景技术
无人机作为重要的消防灭火救援方式,随着技术进步也有了新的发展。在消防救援中,利用无人机在辅助救援中的应用、灾情监控中的应用、灾情侦查中的应用,可以帮助消防救援人员更好的应对火灾火情。随着现代火灾产生因素日趋复杂,很多火灾现场难以实现消防救援人员的快速安全进入,利用无人机能够为更好地开展火灾救援提供支持。无人机的开发利用,已经成为社会发展的必然要求,积极探索无人机技术,深入挖掘无人机的消防灭火救援潜力,对我国消防事业有着重要意义。因此,无人机代替消防员灭火是一个值得研究的方向。
无人机罩盖件一般采用工程塑料或铝合金,但是工程塑料或铝合金重量较重,不利于无人机续航,或不利于无人机搭载灭火弹或者其他的灭火材料,因此近年来无人机的罩盖材料逐渐被碳纤维复合材料代替。碳纤维复合材料重量轻、比刚度大、强度高,还可以一体制作各种外形结构,是目前无人机罩盖的较理想材料。但是无人机罩盖内部包裹有较多的电子元器件,电子元器件是驱动无人机飞行以及进行灭火操作的主要部件,当无人机进行灭火时,单层碳纤维受到明火直接炙烤,或者受到火场高温的烘烤,导致无人机内部零部件受损,进而损失无人机。
因此,目前急需一种用于制作无人机罩盖的新型无人机防火材料,起到隔热、保护电器元器件的作用,同时该无人机材料质轻,强度高,不易破损,
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种制作无人机罩盖的无人机防火材料,制备的防火材料质轻、强度高,且能起到隔热作用,可以扩大无人机的使用范围,尤其适合在火场进行使用。
本发明通过以下技术手段解决上述技术问题:
一种无人机防火材料,所述无人机材料为多层复合材料,所述多层复合材料由底层、中间层和表层依次复合而成,所述底层为增强聚丙烯纤维,所述中间层为多孔玄武岩纤维毡,所述表层为碳纤维。
优选地,所述多层复合材料的厚度为4-5mm,其中增强聚丙烯纤维厚度为1.5-2mm,多孔玄武岩纤维毡的厚度为1.5-2mm。
优选地,所述多层复合材料的制备方法如下:
将增强聚丙烯纤维加热至40-45℃,随后于表面均匀的涂覆助黏剂,将多孔玄武岩纤维毡平铺于增强聚丙烯纤维表面,于90-100℃、0.2-0.25Mpa的条件下热压10-20min,随后静置24h后,于多孔玄武岩纤维毡表面均匀的涂覆助黏剂后将碳纤维平铺于上,于0.01-0.03MPa的条件下加压20-30min,静置24h后得到多层复合材料。
优选地,所述增强聚丙烯纤维的制备方法如下:
将玄武岩纤维进行干燥,随后将100-200重量份聚丙烯纤维、30-60重量份玄武岩短纤维、0.4-0.6重量份聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐和0.2-0.3重量份抗氧化剂、0.1-0.2重量份滑石粉混合,加入去离子水,于45-55℃、0.01-0.02Mpa的条件下,以800-1000rpm的速率机械搅拌5-8h,搅拌完成后除水干燥,形成纤维毡,将纤维毡加热至熔融状态,加入模具中并施加1-2Mpa的压力,冷却后得到增强聚丙烯纤维。
优选地,所述多孔玄武岩纤维毡的制备方法如下:
(1)将玄武岩纤维开松后于pH=10-11的氢氧化钠溶液中煮沸20min,捞出用40℃的去离子水清洗干净,通风干燥后进行电晕处理,得到玄武岩粗纤维;
(2)将玄武岩粗纤维、去离子水、氯化钙质量分数为10%的氯化钙/甲醇溶液混合后水浴加热至30-35℃,20-30min后取出,用水清洗干净后于40℃的去离子水中浸泡2-3h,取出后通风晾干,得到改性后的玄武岩纤维;
(3)将改性后的玄武岩纤维与明胶、棕榈油、柠檬酸钠混合后高速搅拌20min至发泡,随后与1wt%的海藻酸钠粘稠液混合均匀,平铺于厚度为2-3mm的模具中,随后将模具放入5wt%的氯化钙溶液中浸泡20-30min,再放入10wt%氯化钙溶液中浸泡5min后取出,得到凝胶物,将凝胶物于-20℃至-10℃的条件下冷冻10-12h,随后将凝胶物于60-70℃的条件下解冻,用清水清洗干净后通风干燥,得到松散纤维;
(4)将松散纤维混入65-75℃的热水中,搅拌均匀后平铺于厚度为2-3cm厚的模具中,自然过滤热水后抽真空,通风干燥后得到多孔玄武岩纤维毡。
玄武岩纤维虽然抗拉强度较高,但是材质较脆,抗冲击能力较差,同时抗老化性能较差,因此需要对玄武岩纤维进行改性,以适合用于无人机罩盖的使用。
玄武岩纤维在碱性溶液中浸泡煮沸后表面形成凹坑,在经过电晕处理,玄武岩纤维的分散性提高,纤维骨架的结构也变得疏松,易于进行改性处理。玄武岩纤维与氯化钙/甲醇溶液混合改性后,其拉伸强度降低,纤维表面变粗糙,材质变软,抗冲击能力提升,与明胶、棕榈油、柠檬酸钠混合后搅拌至发泡,玄武岩纤维更加松散,同时在棕榈油、柠檬酸钠的钝化活性中心形成柔性链纤维。在海藻酸钠与钙离子的作用下,玄武岩纤维在溶胶、凝胶、冻胶体系中转变,同时在低温、高温环境中进行反应,分子间作用力增强,抗冲击能力、抗老化能力提高,随后洗去凝胶后,在真空条件下降玄武岩纤维制成玄武岩纤维毡,纤维毡内部的纤维之间形成多孔结构起到隔热作用、散热作用。
优选地,所述玄武岩纤维、明胶、棕榈油、柠檬酸钠、海藻酸钠粘稠液的质量比为1.5:(0.8-1):0.2:0.02:(1.5-1.6)。
优选地,步骤(2)中,去离子水与氯化钙/甲醇溶液的体积比为1:1。
优选地,所述电晕处理的条件为处理电压为6-8KV,处理时间为30-40s,处理时间对应每组电压为10s/3cm,处理温度为50-60℃。
优选地,步骤(4)中于真空度为93Kpa,温度为45℃的条件下抽真空15-25min。
优选地,所述防火材料用于无人机罩盖制作。
有益效果:
1、本发明制备的多层复合材料强度较高,柔软性能好,弹性性能高,抗冲击能力强,制成无人机罩盖后可防止无人机在使用过程中因磕碰造成损伤,可适用于恶劣环境。
2、多层复合材料比重约为3g/cm3,质量轻,能减轻无人机的重量,无人机能携带更多的灭火材料,为无人机在消防领域提供了更多可能性。
3、多层复合材料隔热效果良好,平均导热系数低,能起到隔热作用,防止无人机内部升温过快,导致无人机内部零部件受损,进而损失无人机。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明:
玄武岩纤维是欧德牌玄武岩短纤维,抗拉强度1550Mpa,拉伸强度3200Mpa,断裂伸长率2.9%,密度2.7g/cm3,长度6mm,直径5μm,杂质<0.2%。
碳纤维是日本东丽碳纤维T300-3K。
实施例1:多层复合材料制备一
制备多层复合材料首选需要制备增强聚丙烯纤维和多孔玄武岩纤维毡,其中增强聚丙烯纤维的制备方法如下:
将玄武岩纤维进行干燥,随后将200g聚丙烯纤维、60g玄武岩短纤维、0.6g聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐和0.3g抗氧化剂、0.2g滑石粉混合,加入300g去离子水混合均匀,于55℃、0.02Mpa的条件下,以1000rpm的速率机械搅拌5h,搅拌完成后除水干燥,形成纤维毡,将纤维毡加热至熔融状态,压入2mm厚的模具中并施加1Mpa的压力冷却后得到增强聚丙烯纤维。
按照以下重量称取多孔玄武岩纤维毡的原料:
玄武岩纤维300g、明胶160g、棕榈油40g、柠檬酸钠4g、海藻酸钠粘稠液480g;
多孔玄武岩纤维毡的制备方法如下:
(1)将玄武岩纤维开松后于pH=10的氢氧化钠溶液中煮沸20min,捞出用40℃的去离子水清洗干净,于室温下通风干燥后进行电晕处理,电晕处理的条件为处理电压为6KV,处理时间为40s,处理时间对应每组电压为10s/3cm,处理温度为60℃,处理完后后得到玄武岩粗纤维;
(2)将玄武岩粗纤维、500ml去离子水、500ml氯化钙质量分数为10%的氯化钙/甲醇溶液混合后水浴加热至35℃,30min后取出,用水清洗干净后于40℃的去离子水中浸泡3h,取出后通风晾干,得到改性后的玄武岩纤维;
(3)将改性后的玄武岩纤维与泡发后的明胶、棕榈油、柠檬酸钠混合后于1200rpm的高速搅拌20min至发泡,随后与1wt%的海藻酸钠粘稠液混合均匀后平铺于厚度为3mm的模具中,随后将模具浸入5wt%的氯化钙溶液中浸泡30min,浸泡完成后再放入10wt%氯化钙溶液中浸泡5min后取出,得到凝胶物,将凝胶物于-10℃的条件下冷冻12h,取出后将凝胶物于70℃热水条件下解冻,用清水清洗干净后通风干燥,得到松散纤维;
(4)将松散纤维混入75℃的热水中,搅拌均匀后平铺于厚度为3cm厚的模具中,自然过滤热水后于真空度为93Kpa,温度为45℃的条件下抽真空25min,通风干燥后得到多孔玄武岩纤维毡。
经测量,增强聚丙烯纤维的厚度为1.5mm,多孔玄武岩纤维毡的厚度为2mm。
多层复合材料的制备方法如下:
将增强聚丙烯纤维加热至45℃,随后于表面均匀的涂覆3M94助黏剂,随后将多孔玄武岩纤维毡平铺于增强聚丙烯纤维表面,于100℃、0.25Mpa的条件下热压20min,随后静置24h后,于多孔玄武岩纤维毡表面均匀的涂覆相同的助黏剂后将碳纤维平铺于上,于0.03MPa的条件下加压20min,静置24h后得到多层复合材料,厚度为4mm。
实施例2:多层复合材料制备二
制备多层复合材料首选需要制备增强聚丙烯纤维和多孔玄武岩纤维毡,其中增强聚丙烯纤维的制备方法如下:
将玄武岩纤维进行干燥,随后将100g聚丙烯纤维、30g玄武岩短纤维、0.4g聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐和0.2g抗氧化剂、0.1g滑石粉混合,加入200g去离子水混合均匀,于45℃、0.01Mpa的条件下,以800rpm的速率机械搅拌8h,搅拌完成后除水干燥,形成纤维毡,将纤维毡加热至熔融状态,压入3mm厚的模具中并施加1.5Mpa的压力冷却后得到增强聚丙烯纤维。
按照以下重量称取多孔玄武岩纤维毡的原料:
玄武岩纤维150g、明胶100g、棕榈油20g、柠檬酸钠2g、海藻酸钠粘稠液150g;
多孔玄武岩纤维毡的制备方法如下:
(1)将玄武岩纤维开松后于pH=11的氢氧化钠溶液中煮沸20min,捞出用40℃的去离子水清洗干净,于室温下通风干燥后进行电晕处理,电晕处理的条件为处理电压为7KV,处理时间为30s,处理时间对应每组电压为10s/3cm,处理温度为50℃,处理完后后得到玄武岩粗纤维;
(2)将玄武岩粗纤维、500ml去离子水、500ml氯化钙质量分数为10%的氯化钙/甲醇溶液混合后水浴加热至30℃,25min后取出,用水清洗干净后于40℃的去离子水中浸泡2h,取出后通风晾干,得到改性后的玄武岩纤维;
(3)将改性后的玄武岩纤维与泡发后的明胶、棕榈油、柠檬酸钠混合后于1200rpm的高速搅拌20min至发泡,随后与1wt%的海藻酸钠粘稠液混合均匀后平铺于厚度为2mm的模具中,随后将模具浸入5wt%的氯化钙溶液中浸泡20min,浸泡完成后再放入10wt%氯化钙溶液中浸泡5min后取出,得到凝胶物,将凝胶物于-20℃的条件下冷冻10h,取出后将凝胶物于60℃热水条件下解冻,用清水清洗干净后通风干燥,得到松散纤维;
(4)将松散纤维混入65℃的热水中,搅拌均匀后平铺于厚度为2cm厚的模具中,自然过滤热水后于真空度为93Kpa,温度为45℃的条件下抽真空15min,通风干燥后得到多孔玄武岩纤维毡。
经测量,增强聚丙烯纤维的厚度为1.5mm,多孔玄武岩纤维毡的厚度为1.5mm。
多层复合材料的制备方法如下:
将增强聚丙烯纤维加热至40℃,随后于表面均匀的涂覆3M94助黏剂,随后将多孔玄武岩纤维毡平铺于增强聚丙烯纤维表面,于90℃、0.2Mpa的条件下热压10min,随后静置24h后,于多孔玄武岩纤维毡表面均匀的涂覆相同的助黏剂后将碳纤维平铺于上,于0.02MPa的条件下加压20min,静置24h后得到多层复合材料,厚度为4mm。
实施例3:多层复合材料制备三
制备多层复合材料首选需要制备增强聚丙烯纤维和多孔玄武岩纤维毡,其中增强聚丙烯纤维的制备方法如下:
将玄武岩纤维进行干燥,随后将150g聚丙烯纤维、40g玄武岩短纤维、0.5g聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐和0.2g抗氧化剂、0.1g滑石粉混合,加入250g去离子水混合均匀,于50℃、0.01Mpa的条件下,以1000rpm的速率机械搅拌6h,搅拌完成后除水干燥,形成纤维毡,将纤维毡加热至熔融状态,压入1mm厚的模具中并施加1.5Mpa的压力冷却后得到增强聚丙烯纤维。
按照以下重量称取多孔玄武岩纤维毡的原料:
玄武岩纤维150g、明胶80g、棕榈油20g、柠檬酸钠2g、海藻酸钠粘稠液160g;
多孔玄武岩纤维毡的制备方法如下:
(1)将玄武岩纤维开松后于pH=11的氢氧化钠溶液中煮沸20min,捞出用40℃的去离子水清洗干净,于室温下通风干燥后进行电晕处理,电晕处理的条件为处理电压为8KV,处理时间为4s,处理时间对应每组电压为10s/3cm,处理温度为55℃,处理完后后得到玄武岩粗纤维;
(2)将玄武岩粗纤维、400ml去离子水、400ml氯化钙质量分数为10%的氯化钙/甲醇溶液混合后水浴加热至35℃,20min后取出,用水清洗干净后于40℃的去离子水中浸泡2h,取出后通风晾干,得到改性后的玄武岩纤维;
(3)将改性后的玄武岩纤维与泡发后的明胶、棕榈油、柠檬酸钠混合后于1200rpm的高速搅拌20min至发泡,随后与1wt%的海藻酸钠粘稠液混合均匀后平铺于厚度为3mm的模具中,随后将模具浸入5wt%的氯化钙溶液中浸泡30min,浸泡完成后再放入10wt%氯化钙溶液中浸泡5min后取出,得到凝胶物,将凝胶物于-15℃的条件下冷冻12h,取出后将凝胶物于65℃热水条件下解冻,用清水清洗干净后通风干燥,得到松散纤维;
(4)将松散纤维混入70℃的热水中,搅拌均匀后平铺于厚度为3cm厚的模具中,自然过滤热水后于真空度为93Kpa,温度为45℃的条件下抽真空15min,通风干燥后得到多孔玄武岩纤维毡。
经测量,增强聚丙烯纤维的厚度为2mm,多孔玄武岩纤维毡的厚度为2mm。
多层复合材料的制备方法如下:
将增强聚丙烯纤维加热至40℃,随后于表面均匀的涂覆3M94助黏剂,随后将多孔玄武岩纤维毡平铺于增强聚丙烯纤维表面,于90℃、0.25Mpa的条件下热压15min,随后静置24h后,于多孔玄武岩纤维毡表面均匀的涂覆相同的助黏剂后将碳纤维平铺于上,于0.01MPa的条件下加压30min,静置24h后得到多层复合材料,厚度为5mm。
对实施例1-3制备的多孔玄武岩纤维毡室温下进行测试,测试尺寸为150×150mm得到的数据如表1所示:
表1
Figure BDA0002711848710000081
Figure BDA0002711848710000091
由表1可知,实施例1-3制备的多孔玄武岩纤维毡拉伸强度与原有玄武岩纤维相比拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率增加,说明多孔玄武岩纤维毡柔软性能较好,弹性性能较高,抗冲击能力强。
对实施例1-3制备的多层复合材料进行测试,测试尺寸为500×500mm,得到的数据如表2所示:
表2
实施例 比重(g/cm<sup>3</sup>) 平均导热系数(W/(m.k))
实施例1 3.0 0.030
实施例2 3.0 0.031
实施例3 3.0 0.030
由表2可知,实施例1-3制备的多层复合材料质量较轻,导热系数较低,隔热性能较好,多层复合材料适合作为灭火无人机的罩盖原料,可防止无人机内部零器件受热受损,同时质量较轻,能携带更多的灭火材料,为无人机在消防领域提供了更多可能性。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。本发明未详细描述的技术、形状、构造部分均为公知技术。

Claims (8)

1.一种无人机防火材料,其特征在于,所述无人机材料为多层复合材料,所述多层复合材料由底层、中间层和表层依次复合而成,所述底层为增强聚丙烯纤维,所述中间层为多孔玄武岩纤维毡,所述表层为碳纤维,
所述增强聚丙烯纤维的制备方法如下:
将玄武岩纤维进行干燥,随后将100-200重量份聚丙烯纤维、30-60重量份玄武岩短纤维、0.4-0.6重量份聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐和0.2-0.3重量份抗氧化剂、0.1-0.2重量份滑石粉混合,加入去离子水,于45-55℃、0.01-0.02Mpa的条件下,以800-1000rpm的速率机械搅拌5-8h,搅拌完成后除水干燥,形成纤维毡,将纤维毡加热至熔融状态,加入模具中并施加1-2Mpa的压力,冷却后得到增强聚丙烯纤维;
所述多孔玄武岩纤维毡的制备方法如下:
(1)将玄武岩纤维开松后于pH=10-11的氢氧化钠溶液中煮沸20min,捞出用40℃的去离子水清洗干净,通风干燥后进行电晕处理,得到玄武岩粗纤维;
(2)将玄武岩粗纤维、去离子水、氯化钙质量分数为10%的氯化钙/甲醇溶液混合后水浴加热至30-35℃,20-30min后取出,用水清洗干净后于40℃的去离子水中浸泡2-3h,取出后通风晾干,得到改性后的玄武岩纤维;
(3)将改性后的玄武岩纤维与明胶、棕榈油、柠檬酸钠混合后高速搅拌20min至发泡,随后与1wt%的海藻酸钠粘稠液混合均匀,平铺于厚度为2-3mm的模具中,随后将模具放入5wt%的氯化钙溶液中浸泡20-30min,再放入10wt%氯化钙溶液中浸泡5min后取出,得到凝胶物,将凝胶物于(-20)-(-10)℃的条件下冷冻10-12h,随后将凝胶物于60-70℃的条件下解冻,用清水清洗干净后通风干燥,得到松散纤维;
(4)将松散纤维混入65-75℃的热水中,搅拌均匀后平铺于厚度为2-3cm厚的模具中,自然过滤热水后抽真空,通风干燥后得到多孔玄武岩纤维毡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无人机防火材料,其特征在于,所述多层复合材料的厚度为4-5mm,其中增强聚丙烯纤维厚度为1.5-2mm,多孔玄武岩纤维毡的厚度为1.5-2mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种无人机防火材料,其特征在于,所述多层复合材料的制备方法如下:
将增强聚丙烯纤维加热至40-45℃,随后于表面均匀的涂覆助黏剂,将多孔玄武岩纤维毡平铺于增强聚丙烯纤维表面,于90-100℃、0.2-0.25Mpa的条件下热压10-20min,随后静置24h后,于多孔玄武岩纤维毡表面均匀的涂覆助黏剂后将碳纤维平铺于上,于0.01-0.03MPa的条件下加压20-30min,静置24h后得到多层复合材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种无人机防火材料,其特征在于,所述玄武岩纤维、明胶、棕榈油、柠檬酸钠、海藻酸钠粘稠液的质量比为1.5:(0.8-1):0.2:0.02:(1.5-1.6)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种无人机防火材料,其特征在于,所述电晕处理的条件为处理电压为6-8KV,处理时间为30-40s,处理时间对应每组电压为10s/3cm,处理温度为50-60℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种无人机防火材料,其特征在于,步骤(4)中于真空度为93Kpa,温度为45℃的条件下抽真空15-25min。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种无人机防火材料,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,去离子水与氯化钙/甲醇溶液的体积比为1:1。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一权利要求所述的一种无人机防火材料,其特征在于,所述防火材料用于无人机罩盖制作。
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