CN112167465A - 一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法 - Google Patents
一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，属于饲料及其制备方法技术领域。通过对蛋鸡饲喂颗粒粉料的基础上，设计添加植物精油复合物：百里香酚、香芹酚、桉叶油、肉桂醛、柠檬醛。其无耐药性、安全性高，可以有效替代抗生素产品，符合当今健康养殖的发展方向。同时，对植物精油进行低温包被处理，既减少了包装、贮藏、运输和使用过程中的挥发损失，也避免了饲料原料对它的吸附，增强了其使用效果的稳定性。通过添加植物精油，对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响，从而改善蛋鸡的消化吸收，提高蛋鸡产蛋率，及其产蛋的生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，属于饲料及其制备方法领域。
背景技术
随着社会的发展，人们发现长期使用抗生素，不仅易引起病原微生物产生耐药性、动物免疫力下降和产品品质下降等问题，并可造成畜产品及环境中的有害残留增重，严重威胁着人类健康。因此欧盟各国相继禁止抗生素的使用，我国2020年出台了饲料全面禁抗生素的政策，使得开发新型的抗生素替代品成为畜牧生产的热点之一。
精油作为植物提取物，具有天然、安全高效、代谢快、促生长、抗病抗氧化、提高机体免疫力的功效等特点，“液体黄金”的美称，在畜牧生产中受到越来越多的重视和应用。百里香酚是一个单萜，是对异丙基甲苯的酚衍生物，其与香芹酚是同分异构体，由于被发现于百里香中而得名，从中萃取得到的百里酚是白色结晶固体，有令人愉快的芳香气味，具有抑菌，促进生长的功效。香芹酚有麝香草酚气味的无色至淡黄色稠厚油状液体，具有显著提高动物生产性能的效果。桉叶油是桉树叶含有油腺细胞，能分泌出“精油”，使它具有一种特殊的芳香气味。使喂饲畜禽长得快，产蛋和产肉率提高。肉桂醛是一种醛类有机化合物，为黄色黏稠状液体，大量存在于肉桂等植物体内。其本身是一种香料，它具有促进生长、改进饲料效率以及控制禽、畜细菌性下痢的功能，并能增加饲料的香味，引诱动物进食，还能长时间防止饲料霉变，添加肉桂醛后不用再添加其他防腐剂。柠檬醛，天然存在于山苍子油(约80%)、柠檬草油(80%)、丁香罗勒油(65%)、酸柠檬叶油(35%)和柠檬油，工业上可以从天然精油中分离而得，也可由化学合成制备，其具有抑菌作用，可治疗霍乱、急性胃肠炎及慢性腹泻。
由于百里香酚、香芹酚、桉叶油、肉桂醛，柠檬醛，植物精油的易挥发特性限制了其在其他领域中的应用，尤其是在畜牧或饲料技术领域。将植物精油与吸附剂充分混合在一起，再以高剂量的方式饲喂养殖动物，导致了植物精油使用的成本较高，容易挥发损失，同时由于饲料原料的吸附作用导致使用效果不稳定。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，植物精油复合物-百里香酚、香芹酚、桉叶油、肉桂醛，柠檬醛经混合后包被而形成的一种植物精油复合物，并在颗粒粉料中添加的应用技术。
为了实现上述目的，本发明是这样实现的：一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，包括日粮-颗粒粉料50～100份；植物精油复合物10～40份；包被芯材30～50份；包被壁材10～30份。
该日粮中由颗粒料50份，粉料50份组成。
该植物精油复合物由百里香酚5-10份，香芹酚0-5份，桉叶油3-8份，肉桂醛1-6份，柠檬醛1-6份经混合配制而成。
该植物精油复合物的包被芯材是多孔淀粉，包被壁材是单硬脂酸甘油酯。
该植物精油生产工艺是植物精油复合物35份与包被芯材（多孔淀粉）40份充分混合吸附，再投入底喷流化床包衣机进行包被处理。沸腾温度控制在35℃，包被壁材（单硬脂酸甘油酯）25份经加热熔化后，经喷枪雾化喷入流化床，对混合料进行包被造粒，再经20～50目分级筛筛分后得到植物精油复合物成品。
该包被的植物精油的使用方法是，添加量按照饲料总重量计，为0.02%～0.15%，直接添加到日粮饲料中。
本发明的有益效果：本饲料由颗粒粉料、植物精油组成，其无耐药性、安全性高，可以有效替代抗生素产品，符合当今健康养殖的发展方向。同时，对植物精油进行低温包被处理，既减少了包装、贮藏、运输和使用过程中的挥发损失，也避免了饲料原料对它的吸附，增强了其使用效果的稳定性。通过添加植物精油添加剂，对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响，从而改善蛋鸡的消化吸收，提高蛋鸡产蛋率，及其产蛋的生产效率。
本发明实施例采用的鸡饲料为自配产品，参考NRC(1994)和我国《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T22-2004)进行配制，其组成如表1所示。
表1 蛋鸡基础日粮配方
具体实施方式
下面结合以下具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细描述：（1）按照重量比，取百里香酚10份、香芹酚5份、桉叶油8份、肉桂醛6份，柠檬醛6份，经液体混合设备（乳化搅拌罐）充分混合配制而成植物精油复合物。（2）取第一步制作好的植物精油复合物35份与多孔淀粉40份在固体混合机中充分混合。（3）取25份的单硬脂酸甘油酯加热熔化。 （4）将（2）得到的混合物投入到底喷流化床包衣机中，沸腾温度控制在35℃。 （5）将已熔化的单硬脂酸甘油酯经喷枪雾化喷入流化床包衣机中，开始包被造粒。（6）将已形成的包被造粒产品经20～50分级筛筛分后得到包被的天然植物精油的成品。（7）其植物精油成品添加量按照饲料总重量计，为0.02%～0.15%，直接添加到日粮饲料中。
本实施例适合于生产期海兰褐蛋鸡，应用效果明显。
以本例添加剂饲喂生产期海兰褐蛋鸡。试验选择100只8月龄生产期蛋鸡，随机分成2处理组，每个处理组5个重复，每个重复50只鸡；对照组饲喂蛋鸡日粮配方，试验组在蛋鸡日粮配方的基础上饲喂添加植物精油复合物，试验期3个月。其区别仅在于是否加入添加植物精油复合物。此实例用来对本发明的构成作进一步详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
测定指标：测定45周龄各组产蛋率、日采食量、蛋重、料蛋比、死亡率、蛋壳重、厚度、蛋色。
结果表明：（1）试验组45周龄产蛋率为97.8%，对照组45周龄产蛋率为96.1%，试验组产蛋率比对照组高1.70%。（2）试验组45周龄日采食量为126.5 g/只，对照组45周龄日采食量平为115.8 g/只，试验组比对照组日采食量高10.7 g。（3）试验组的平均蛋重为64.8g，对照组的平均蛋重为63.1g，试验组蛋重比对照组高了2.69 %。此外试验组的平均蛋重明显高于对照组。试验组的蛋鸡死亡率低于对照组，低了0.376%。（4）试验组的蛋鸡鸡蛋品质良好，具有较好的经济效益。
表2 各组指标测定结果
| 处理 | 产蛋率% | 日采食量g/天·只鸡 | 平均蛋重/g | 料蛋比 | 死亡率% | 蛋壳重/g | 蛋壳厚度mm | 蛋色 |
| 试验组 | 97.8±0.26a | 126.5±0.11a | 64.8±0.21a | 2.35±0.12a | 1.25±0.1b | 9.25±0.15a | 0.2±0.04a | 光滑，红润 |
| 对照组 | 96.1±0.19b | 115.8±0.25b | 63.1±0.27b | 2.2±0.1ab | 1.61±0.14a | 8.89±0.18b | 0.1±0.06ab | 正常，鲜亮 |
注：同列不同字母代表差异显著，P<0.05；数值大小与肩标字母顺序一致，即a>b，下同。
结论：从以上对比结果可以看出，在日粮中添加了植物精油复合物提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能，改善蛋鸡蛋壳重量及蛋色的品质，从而提高销售产量，为养殖户增加了经济效益。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明的上述实施方式仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (7)
1.一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，其特征在于，包括：日粮-颗粒粉料50～100份；植物精油复合物10～40份；包被芯材30～50份；包被壁材10～30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，其特征在于，颗粒粉料包括：颗粒料50份，粉料50份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，其特征在于，植物精油复合物包括：百里香酚5-10份，香芹酚0-5份，桉叶油3-8份，肉桂醛1-6份，柠檬醛1-6份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，其特征在于，包被芯材为多孔淀粉，包被壁材为单硬脂酸甘油酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，其特征在于，植物精油复合物35份与多孔淀粉40份在固体混合机中充分混合，投入到底喷流化床包衣机时，沸腾温度控制在35℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，其特征在于，已形成的包被造粒产品，筛分孔径为20～50分级筛。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加植物精油的蛋鸡颗粒粉料制备方法，其特征在于，该包被的植物精油使用方法是，添加量按照饲料总重量计，为0.02%～0.15%，直接添加到日粮饲料中。
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