CN112161783A - Piezoelectric driving type small-sized bolt transverse load loosening testing machine - Google Patents
Piezoelectric driving type small-sized bolt transverse load loosening testing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112161783A CN112161783A CN202010903693.0A CN202010903693A CN112161783A CN 112161783 A CN112161783 A CN 112161783A CN 202010903693 A CN202010903693 A CN 202010903693A CN 112161783 A CN112161783 A CN 112161783A
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- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical test equipment, and provides a piezoelectric driving type small-sized bolt transverse load loosening test machine. The testing machine structure can control the load size, the transverse load generated by the piezoelectric actuator is controlled by the design, the pressure sensor monitors the change of the transverse load in the experimental process, and the real-time pretightening force of the bolt in the experimental process is indirectly measured by adopting a piezoelectric impedance technology. The invention can provide the stable lateral displacement load which is needed, and is more suitable for the test of the load of the loosening of the small bolt, the size restriction of the small fastener and the difficulty in real-time monitoring of the pretightening force of the bolt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical test equipment, and relates to a transverse load release testing machine based on piezoelectric actuator driving and used for micro-load and small load.
Background
In the service process of bolt connection, the screw thread pretightening force is gradually declined along with the increase of service time under the action of external loads such as vibration, impact, periodic temperature change and the like. This situation is often studied by using a lateral load release tester, and the following lateral load release testers are currently used:
(1) foundation bolt experimental method
The principle of the foundation bolt test method is that a tested part is installed on a testing machine, the connecting structure of the testing machine is similar to that of a foundation bolt, a position mark is made on a test piece, mechanical vibration is applied to a test threaded connection pair by using an eccentric mechanism of the testing machine, the test piece is stopped at regular time to record the position change condition of the test piece, and the quality of the anti-loosening performance of the test piece is judged according to the relative position change of the connection pair. The test method has the advantages of no standardization, no universal equipment, long test period, unsatisfactory test result and less use.
(2) Transverse impact method for sleeve
And screwing the test piece into the test sleeve, marking the position of the part and the sleeve, and placing the sleeve on a vibration test bed to reciprocate. After the machine is started, the sleeve impacts two ends of the guide groove in a reciprocating mode to generate large impact force, so that the test piece is loosened. And stopping the machine at regular time in the test process to record the position change of the test piece, and judging the anti-loosening performance of the test piece according to the position change. The test method judges the anti-loosening effect by using the position change of the test piece, and the anti-loosening effect is recorded at regular time to obtain discontinuous results, so that the application is inconvenient.
(3) Electro-hydraulic servo controlled vibration method
During testing, a tested fastener is screwed on the clamping rack, a specified pre-tightening force is generated, and alternating transverse displacement is generated between the two clamped metal plates through the servo hydraulic cylinder, so that the clamping force is reduced or even lost. And continuously recording the instant of the clamping force, and judging the anti-loosening performance of the fastener by comparison.
(4) Vibration test method
The sog-type loosening tester mainly applies alternating transverse load to a pre-tightening fastener to enable the fastener to transversely move. This lateral movement causes relative wobble between the bolt and nut, resulting in greater micro-slippage of the thread interface, causing rapid loosening of the fastener. It allows the fastener to be loosened more quickly than in any of the previous tests.
The driving device used in the experimental method is driven by electromagnetism or electrohydraulic servo, so that the problems of large dynamic load, low loading precision and the like generally exist, and the driving device is not suitable for loading of micro transverse loads; on the other hand, the diameter and the length of the micro bolt are limited, and the real-time monitoring of the pretightening force of the micro bolt is difficult to realize by the traditional pressure washer, bolt integrated piezoelectric ultrasonic testing technology and other testing technologies.
In view of the above situation, the present invention proposes a lateral load release tester for micro-loads and small loads based on piezoelectric actuator driving.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a piezoelectric driving type transverse load loosening testing machine, which solves the problems that the traditional transverse load loosening testing machine is large in load, low in loading precision, not suitable for loading loosening load of a small bolt, and the size constraint and the bolt pretightening force of a small fastener are difficult to monitor in real time.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a piezoelectric driving type small-sized bolt transverse load release testing machine adopts a piezoelectric actuator 17 as an actuating source, and a fixed end adapter 3 is installed at a fixed end of the piezoelectric actuator 17 through threaded connection; the first fixed connected piece 10-1 and the pressure sensor 11 are connected to the base 13 through a tail end bolt 12, and the first fixed connected piece 10-1 can be replaced by a second fixed connected piece 10-2; graphite lubricating copper sleeves are arranged at two ends of the movable transverse plate 16; the movable and passive connecting piece 8-1 is connected to the lower side surface of the movable transverse plate 16 through a bolt, and the first movable and passive connecting piece 8-1 can be replaced by a second movable and passive connecting piece 8-2; the graphite lubricating copper bush is respectively matched with the second supporting column 9-1 and the third supporting column 9-2; the springs are respectively sleeved on the upper parts of the second supporting column 9-1 and the third supporting column 9-2 and are propped against the flange surface of the graphite lubricating copper sleeve; the movable and passive connecting pieces 8 and the fixed and passive connecting pieces 10 are connected together through a test piece bolt 14; sliding friction is formed between the first movable connected piece 8-1 and the first fixed connected piece 10-1, and rolling friction is formed between the second movable connected piece 8-2 and the second fixed connected piece 10-2; a piezoelectric wafer movable probe 15 is adsorbed on the head of the bolt 14 of the test piece, the puller nut 2 is welded with the first support column 4, and the steel ball 18 is propped between the puller bolt 1 and the fixed-end adapter 3 by rotating the puller bolt 1; the whole structure adopts a longitudinal arrangement type.
The piezoelectric actuator 17 is a low-voltage cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and can output displacement and output force generated by the piezoelectric ceramic stack by packaging the low-voltage piezoelectric ceramic stack inside.
The steel ball 18, the jacking bolt 1 and the fixed-end adapter 3 are all in point contact, and the piezoelectric actuator 17 can only transmit transverse loads but cannot transmit shearing or bending loads.
Furthermore, a certain pre-pressure can be provided by screwing the jacking bolt 1, and the pre-pressure has no influence on the experimental result.
Further, the whole experimental device is limited by the movable transverse plate 16 and can be disassembled into an actuating part and an executing part, and the two parts can be respectively installed and disassembled, so that the assembly efficiency is improved.
Further, the test piece bolt 14 clamps the connected piece 8-1 and the fixed connected piece 9-1, and a common transverse loosening experiment is carried out.
Further, the test piece bolt 14 clamps the connected piece 8-2 and the fixed connected piece 9-2, and a quick transverse loosening experiment is carried out.
Furthermore, the pretightening force of the test piece bolt is indirectly measured by adopting a piezoelectric impedance technology, so that the real-time monitoring of the pretightening force of the bolt is completed.
Further, by installing cushion blocks with different thicknesses among the first supporting column 17, the second supporting column 8-1 and the third supporting column 8-2 and the base 12, tests of moving the connected piece and fixing the connected piece in different sizes can be carried out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention aims to provide a testing machine structure capable of controlling the load, the transverse load generated by the design is controlled by a piezoelectric actuator, a pressure sensor monitors the change of the transverse load in the experimental process, and the real-time pretightening force of a bolt in the experimental process is indirectly measured by adopting a piezoelectric impedance technology. The invention can provide the stable lateral displacement load which is required, and is more suitable for the test of the load of the loosening of the small bolt, the size restriction of the small fastener and the difficulty in real-time monitoring of the pretightening force of the bolt.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an actuating portion of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a fixed end adapter of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the base of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sliding friction coupled article of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the rolling friction coupled members of the present invention.
In the figure: 1, tightly jacking the bolt; 2, tightly pushing the nut; 3, a fixed end adapter; 4 a first support column; 5-1 first M6 bolt; 5-2 second M6 bolt; 6-1 lubricating the copper bush with first graphite; 6-2 second graphite lubricating copper bush; 7-1 a first spring; 7-2 second spring; 8-1 a first movable and passive connecting piece; 8-2 second movable and passive connecting pieces; 9-1 second support column; 9-2 third support columns; 10-1 a first fixed attached piece; 10-2 a second fixed connected piece; 11 a pressure sensor; 12, a tail end bolt; 13 a base; 14, a test piece bolt; 15 piezoelectric wafer mobile probe; 16 moving the transverse plate; 17 a piezoelectric actuator; 18 steel balls; 19-1 first M12 bolt; 19-2 second M12 bolt; 20-1 first M8 bolt; 20-2 second M8 bolt; 20-3 third M8 bolt; 20-4 fourth M8 bolt.
Detailed Description
The structure and principle of a piezoelectric-driven lateral load release testing machine according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention employs a piezoelectric actuator 17 as an actuating source, and a fixed-end adapter 3 is mounted on a fixed end of the piezoelectric actuator 17 by means of a screw connection. The first fixed connected piece 10-1 and the pressure sensor 11 are connected to the base 13 through a tail end bolt 12, and the first fixed connected piece 10-1 can be replaced by a second fixed connected piece 10-2; graphite lubricating copper sleeves are arranged at two ends of the movable transverse plate 16; the movable and passive connecting piece 8-1 is connected to the lower side surface of the movable transverse plate 16 through a bolt, and the first movable and passive connecting piece 8-1 can be replaced by a second movable and passive connecting piece 8-2; the graphite lubricating copper bush 6-1 and the graphite lubricating copper bush 6-2 are respectively matched with the second supporting column 9-1 and the third supporting column 9-2. The spring 7-1 and the spring 7-2 are sleeved on the second supporting column 9-1 and the third supporting column 9-2 and are pressed against the flange surfaces of the graphite lubricating copper bush 6-1 and the graphite lubricating copper bush 6-2. The movable and fixed connecting pieces 8 and 10 are connected together through a test piece bolt 14. Sliding friction exists between the first movable connected piece 8-1 and the first fixed connected piece 10-1, and rolling friction exists between the second movable connected piece 8-2 and the second fixed connected piece 10-2. The test piece bolt 14 is provided with a piezoelectric wafer movable probe 15 adsorbed on the bolt head, the puller nut 2 is welded with the first support column 4, and the steel ball 18 is pushed between the puller bolt 1 and the fixed end adapter 3 by rotating the puller bolt 1. The whole structure adopts a longitudinal arrangement type.
Referring to fig. 1, a first movable and driven connecting piece 8-1 and a first fixed and driven connecting piece 10-1 are tightly connected through a test piece bolt 14, and the first fixed and driven connecting piece 10-1 and a pressure sensor 11 are tightly connected on a base 13 through a tail end bolt 12. The piezoelectric actuator 17 transfers the lateral load to the movable coupled piece 8-1 by pushing the moving transverse plate 16, and the measurement of the lateral force load is recorded by the pressure sensor 11 when the lateral force load is transferred to the first fixed coupled piece 10-1. When the experiment is changed into the second movable connected piece 8-2 and the second fixed connected piece 10-2, the operation process is not changed.
Referring to fig. 1, a certain amount of coupling agent is coated on the bottom of the piezoelectric wafer moving probe 15, and then the coupling agent is contacted with the surface of the tested piece, and the structure is ensured to be reliably adsorbed on the surface of the tested piece by a vacuum adsorption device. Before the test is started, the pre-tightening force applied to the test piece bolt 14 is calibrated, and the pre-tightening force applied to the test piece bolt 14 can be monitored by using the calibration relation curve.
Referring to fig. 2, the actuating portion of the present invention is schematically constructed. The rotating puller bolt 1 can generate certain pretightening force, the pretightening force can prop the steel ball 18 between the puller bolt 1 and the fixed end adapter 3, the steel ball 18 is in point contact with the puller bolt 1 and the fixed end adapter 3, and the piezoelectric actuator 17 can only transmit transverse load but cannot transmit shearing or bending load.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a fixed end adapter of the present invention is shown. The fixed end adapter 3 is provided with a spherical groove, and the spherical groove channel steel is matched with the steel ball 16 to form a movable structure which can only transfer transverse load. And carrying out heat treatment on the spherical groove part.
Claims (3)
1. A piezoelectric-driven small-sized bolt transverse load release testing machine is characterized in that a piezoelectric actuator (17) is used as an actuating source of the small-sized bolt transverse load release testing machine, and a fixed end adapter (3) is installed at a fixed end of the piezoelectric actuator (17) through threaded connection; the first fixed connected piece (10-1) and the pressure sensor (11) are connected to the base (13) through a tail end bolt (12), and the first fixed connected piece (10-1) can be replaced by a second fixed connected piece (10-2); graphite lubricating copper sleeves are arranged at two ends of the movable transverse plate (16); the movable and driven connecting piece (8-1) is connected to the lower side surface of the movable transverse plate (16) through a bolt, and the first movable and driven connecting piece (8-1) can be replaced by a second movable and driven connecting piece (8-2); the graphite lubricating copper bush is respectively matched with the second supporting column (9-1) and the third supporting column (9-2); the springs are respectively sleeved on the upper parts of the second supporting column (9-1) and the third supporting column (9-2) and are propped against the flange surface of the graphite lubricating copper sleeve; the movable driven connecting piece (8) and the fixed driven connecting piece (10) are connected together through a test piece bolt (14); sliding friction is formed between the first movable connected piece (8-1) and the first fixed connected piece (10-1), and rolling friction is formed between the second movable connected piece (8-2) and the second fixed connected piece (10-2); a piezoelectric wafer movable probe (15) is adsorbed on the head of the bolt of the test piece bolt (14), a jacking nut (2) is welded with a first support column (4), and a steel ball (18) is jacked between the jacking bolt (1) and the fixed-end adapter (3) by rotating the jacking bolt (1); the whole structure adopts a longitudinal arrangement type.
2. The piezoelectric-driven small-sized bolt lateral load release testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric actuator (17) is a low-voltage cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and displacement and output force generated by the piezoelectric ceramic stack can be output by packaging the low-voltage piezoelectric ceramic stack inside.
3. The piezoelectric-driven small-sized bolt lateral load release testing machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the steel ball (18), the jacking bolt (1) and the fixed end adapter (3) are all in point contact, and the piezoelectric actuator (17) can only transmit lateral loads but cannot transmit shearing or bending loads.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010903693.0A CN112161783B (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Piezoelectric driving type small-sized bolt transverse load loosening testing machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010903693.0A CN112161783B (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Piezoelectric driving type small-sized bolt transverse load loosening testing machine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112161783A true CN112161783A (en) | 2021-01-01 |
| CN112161783B CN112161783B (en) | 2021-07-06 |
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| CN202010903693.0A Active CN112161783B (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Piezoelectric driving type small-sized bolt transverse load loosening testing machine |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114623962A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-14 | 武汉大学 | Bolt transverse load distribution measuring method based on phased array ultrasonic rotation scanning |
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| CN103630282A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-03-12 | 同济大学 | Bolt loosening monitoring method and implementation device thereof |
| JP2014228465A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-12-08 | イナバゴム株式会社 | Looseness detection device of tight fixing member |
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2020
- 2020-09-01 CN CN202010903693.0A patent/CN112161783B/en active Active
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| JP2014228465A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-12-08 | イナバゴム株式会社 | Looseness detection device of tight fixing member |
| CN103630282A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-03-12 | 同济大学 | Bolt loosening monitoring method and implementation device thereof |
| CN205664964U (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Threaded connection elasticity state detection device has |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114623962A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-14 | 武汉大学 | Bolt transverse load distribution measuring method based on phased array ultrasonic rotation scanning |
| CN114623962B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-18 | 武汉大学 | Bolt transverse load distribution measurement method based on phased array ultrasonic rotary scanning |
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| CN112161783B (en) | 2021-07-06 |
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