CN112160351A - Energy pile bearing performance testing device and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Energy pile bearing performance testing device and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy pile bearing performance test device which comprises a counter-force system, a loading system, an energy control system, a pile soil system and a measurement acquisition system, wherein the pile soil system comprises a pile soil box, a pile soil box and a pile soil box; the acquisition system can be used for observing the energy change process of the energy pile and the soil around the pile and the interaction and deformation characteristics of the pile and the soil, and can be used for developing the bearing performance, the deformation characteristics, the physical and mechanical state change, the deformation characteristics and the like of the pile in the energy change process of the energy pile and the soil. The centrifugal machine can be used for indoor tests of different soil bodies and different drainage working conditions and can also be used for carrying out geotechnical centrifugal machine tests. The method can be used for implementing conventional indoor tests such as combined load, single load, pile-soil interaction between the energy pile/conventional pile-energy soil (frozen soil or geothermal soil or soil layer with temperature difference in deep foundation) under the action of cyclic load and combined cyclic load and geotechnical centrifuge tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy pile bearing performance testing device. The invention also relates to an operation method of the energy pile bearing performance test device.
Background
The research on energy piles is currently wide, and the research directions mainly include two types: firstly, piles are actively obtained for energy, namely water circulation is established above land by arranging water pipes in the piles, so that heat exchange is carried out with the underground, geothermal water can be obtained if the piles are in a region with developed geothermal energy, and cooling water can be obtained due to lower underground temperature if the piles are in a conventional region; secondly, in cold areas, especially in frozen soil areas, because the pile foundation may be in a cyclic loading process, the repeated friction of the pile soil may increase heat among the pile soil, thereby affecting the frozen soil environment around the pile, causing the frozen state of the soil around the pile to be damaged, changing the mechanical state of the soil around the pile and reducing the bearing performance of the pile. In the two cases, the energy pile related research is necessary to be carried out, and related test equipment, particularly an indoor test device, is lacked. The invention discloses an indoor test device of an energy pile and a using method thereof, which can be used for carrying out relevant test research on loading of the energy pile and pile-soil interaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy pile bearing performance test device which can be used for developing the bearing performance of an energy pile influenced by energy change and pile-soil interaction, researching the pile-soil response law under the condition that the energy pile is loaded and comprising an indoor test of a geotechnical centrifuge, and visually observing the interaction process of the energy pile and the soil. The technical problem to be solved by the invention also comprises providing an operation method of the upper energy pile bearing performance test device.
Therefore, the energy pile bearing performance test device provided by the invention comprises a counter-force system, a loading system, an energy control system, a pile soil system and a measurement acquisition system;
a counterforce system: the device comprises a counter-force support and a loading equipment support, wherein the counter-force support and the loading equipment support are fixedly connected with a rigid bottom plate through a threaded rigid column, the counter-force support is connected with the threaded rigid column 1, the counter-force support is controlled through a vertical lifting motor, and the loading equipment support and the counter-force support are anchored into a whole;
loading the system: the pile cap loading device comprises vertical loading equipment and horizontal loading equipment, wherein the vertical loading equipment and the horizontal loading equipment are fixed on a loading equipment bracket, the vertical loading equipment is connected with a pile cap so as to perform vertical loading, and the vertical loading equipment is servo-controlled; the horizontal loading equipment is connected with the pile cap through a horizontal loading rigid dowel bar for horizontal loading, and the horizontal loading equipment is also used for servo control;
an energy control system: the pile energy control system comprises an energy U-shaped pipe arranged in a model pile, the energy U-shaped pipe is provided with a U-shaped pipe output port and a U-shaped pipe input port which are positioned at the upper end part, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are both provided with temperature control and measurement equipment, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are connected with an external circulating water system, and the external circulating water system is provided with a temperature control mechanism; the soil mass energy control system comprises an energy control micro pipe, the energy control micro pipe is embedded in the soil mass around the model pile, and the energy control micro pipe is connected with a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the soil mass around the model pile;
pile soil system: the device comprises a model box and a model pile, wherein a soil body is filled in the model box, a soil body parameter monitoring element and the model pile are embedded in the soil body, the model box is composed of rigid steel plates and is in a semi-cylinder shape, the upper part of the model box is opened, the lower part of the model box is sealed, drain holes are formed in the side wall and the bottom wall of the model box, a micro groove is arranged on the outer side of the model box and connected with the drain holes to ensure that water in the soil body is drained smoothly in the drainage process, the soil body parameter monitoring element is connected with an external computer acquisition instrument to collect data, a high-strength resin transparent plate is adopted in the model box as a transparent baffle plate on the diameter side of a semi-circular main body to visually observe the interaction of pile and soil in; the model pile is provided with a partial pile body with a complete pile body longitudinally cut, the cut surface of the model pile is attached to a transparent baffle plate, a pile body parameter monitoring element is attached to the pile body, the number and the position of the arrangement of the pile body parameter monitoring element are determined according to the requirements of a test, the pile body parameter monitoring element is connected with an external computer acquisition instrument to carry out data acquisition work, solid lubricating oil is coated between the model pile and the transparent baffle plate of a model box, a rubber skin is attached to one surface of the model pile, which is in contact with the transparent baffle plate, to reduce friction, and an energy U-shaped pipe is arranged in the model pile to realize control on the energy change of the pile;
measurement and collection system: the system comprises a pile measuring system, a soil measuring system, a vertical loading device and a servo monitoring system of a horizontal loading device, wherein the pile measuring system comprises a pile body parameter monitoring element and temperature monitoring and control equipment carried by the energy U-shaped pipe; the top of the model pile is provided with a dial indicator or an electronic displacement meter for recording the horizontal and vertical displacement of the pile; the soil body measuring system comprises a soil body parameter monitoring element and temperature monitoring and controlling equipment carried by the soil energy control micro-pipe, and the servo monitoring system of the loading equipment monitors the loading magnitude change at any time through a computer.
Preferably, a high-speed high-definition digital camera is configured to be aligned with the high-strength resin transparent plate to record the contact friction process of the pile and the soil in the test, and the physical response of the pile body and the deformation characteristics of the soil body are observed; and a temperature camera system is configured to aim at the model box to visually acquire the energy change process of the model pile and the soil around the model pile.
Preferably, the vertical loading device is a vertical loading jack, the horizontal loading device is a horizontal loading jack, and the vertical loading jack and the horizontal loading jack have the function of applying single load, combined load, cyclic load or cyclic combined load.
Preferably, the model box is fixedly riveted with the rigid bottom plate by adopting a high-strength rivet.
Preferably, the counter-force support and the loading equipment support are formed by combining high-strength I-shaped steel through rivet riveting.
The invention provides an operation method of the energy pile bearing performance test device, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a model pile and a model box according to test requirements, mounting a pile body parameter monitoring element on the model pile, and mounting the model pile in the model box;
secondly, building a counter-force support and a loading equipment support, adjusting the counter-force support and the loading equipment support to the highest position through a vertical lifting motor, placing a model box, fixing the model box on a rigid base through a model box fixing rigid block, and installing vertical loading equipment and horizontal loading equipment on the loading equipment support;
filling soil into the model box, burying soil parameter monitoring elements in the soil and around the model pile, connecting the pile energy control system to the model pile, and installing the soil energy control system in the soil;
and fourthly, adjusting each system which is lapped to a proper position, carrying out an experiment, and recording test data.
Preferably, the soil mass energy control system comprises an energy control micro-pipe, the energy control micro-pipe is buried in the soil mass around the pile, and the energy control micro-pipe is connected with a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the soil mass around the pile.
Preferably, if the purpose of the test is to monitor and analyze the bearing performance of the energy pile influenced by energy change and the pile soil interaction, the pile energy control system comprises an energy U-shaped pipe arranged in the pile, the energy U-shaped pipe is provided with a U-shaped pipe output port and a U-shaped pipe input port which are positioned at the upper end part, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are both provided with temperature control and measurement equipment, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are connected with an external circulating water system, and the external circulating water system is provided with a temperature control; if the test aims at monitoring and analyzing the bearing performance of the energy pile influenced by energy change and the pile-soil interaction, the model pile adopts a conventional pile without an energy U-shaped pipe, the energy control micro pipe is embedded in the soil around the model pile, the energy control micro pipe is connected with a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the soil around the pile, and further the bearing performance evolution of the conventional pile in frozen soil or geothermal soil and the pile-energy soil interaction under the action of combined load or single load are analyzed.
Preferably, if the test requires the soil body to be drained and consolidated, a vacuum preloading system is arranged to consolidate the soil body by a vacuum preloading drainage method, a drainage plate is arranged in the soil body in a beating mode, a sealing film is arranged on the surface of the soil body in the vacuum preloading drainage method, and the drainage plate is connected with a vacuumizing device through a drainage pipeline.
10. The method of operating an energy pile load-carrying capability test apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: if the geotechnical centrifuge test is carried out, riveting the corresponding positions of the rigid bottom plate and the centrifuge through high-strength rivets; if the gravity environment test is 1g, adding a vertical jack in vertical loading equipment to load the vertical jack on the surface of the soil body so as to control the initial stress state of the soil body; if the test is an earth centrifuge test, no jack is required, and the rigid sheet and the detachable rigid annular plate need to be removed.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1) in the invention, a model box is composed of rigid steel plates and is in a semi-cylinder shape, a high-strength resin transparent plate is adopted in the model box as a transparent baffle plate on the diameter side of a semi-circular main body to visually observe the interaction of pile and soil in the test process, a model pile is provided with a partial pile body which is completely longitudinally cut by the pile body, the cutting surface of the model pile is attached to the transparent baffle plate, solid lubricating oil such as vaseline is coated between the model pile and the transparent baffle plate of the model box, and rubber skin is attached to the surface of the model pile, which is in contact with the transparent baffle plate, to reduce friction, so that the energy change process of the energy pile and the soil around the pile and the interaction and deformation characteristics of the pile and;
2) the bearing performance and deformation characteristic experiments of the energy pile and the pile in the energy change process of the soil body, the physical mechanical state change of the soil around the pile, the deformation characteristic and other experiments can be developed, and the environmental states of the pile body, such as mechanics, temperature and the like, can be effectively simulated
3) Due to the reasonability of the whole structure, the soil engineering centrifuge test can be carried out aiming at indoor tests of different soil bodies and different drainage working conditions, conventional indoor tests such as combined load, single load, energy pile/conventional pile-energy soil (frozen soil or geothermal soil or soil layers with different temperatures in deep foundations) and the like under the action of the combined load, the circulating load and the combined circulating load can be implemented, the whole operation is very convenient, and the accuracy is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy pile bearing performance test device provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the model box and the model pile of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "bottom" and "top," "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the energy pile bearing performance test device provided by the invention comprises a counterforce system, a loading system, an energy control system, a pile soil system and a measurement acquisition system;
a counterforce system: the device comprises a reaction support 2 and a loading equipment support 19, wherein the reaction support 2 and the loading equipment support 19 are fixedly connected together through a threaded rigid column 1 and a rigid bottom plate 18, the reaction support 2 is connected with the threaded rigid column 1, the reaction support 2 is controlled through a vertical lifting motor 4, and the loading equipment support 19 and the reaction support 2 are riveted into a whole; the counter-force bracket 2 and the loading equipment bracket 19 are formed by riveting and combining high-strength I-steel through rivets. The lifting motor 4 is fixed at the bottom of the counter force support 2, the nut mechanism sleeved on the threaded rigid column 1 is arranged in the lifting motor 4, the driving motor is arranged in the lifting motor 4, the nut mechanism is driven to rotate through the driving motor, so that the lifting motor 4 drives the whole counter force support 2 to move up and down, and the height position of the counter force support 2 is controlled. A rigid annular plate 9 is arranged on the upper surface of a soil body in the model box 1, a rigid thin plate 20 is arranged in the center of the rigid annular plate 9, an annular step surface for mounting the rigid thin plate is arranged in the center of the rigid annular plate, a through hole is formed in the center of the rigid annular plate, and the rigid thin plate is arranged on the annular step surface of the rigid annular plate.
Loading the system: the device comprises vertical loading equipment 3 and horizontal loading equipment 5, wherein the vertical loading equipment 3 and the horizontal loading equipment 5 are fixed on a loading equipment support 19, the vertical loading equipment 3 is connected with a pile cap 6 through a universal rigid pad 7 so as to carry out vertical loading, the universal rigid pad 7 ensures that the vertical loading direction is unchanged in the horizontal loading process, and the vertical loading equipment 3 is servo-controlled; the horizontal loading equipment 5 is connected with the pile cap 6 through a horizontal loading rigid dowel bar 8 for horizontal loading, and the horizontal loading equipment 5 is also servo-controlled;
an energy control system: the pile energy control system comprises an energy U-shaped pipe arranged in a model pile, the energy U-shaped pipe is provided with a U-shaped pipe output port and a U-shaped pipe input port which are positioned at the upper end part, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are both provided with temperature control and measurement equipment, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are connected with an external circulating water system, and the external circulating water system is provided with a temperature control mechanism; the soil mass energy control system comprises an energy control micro-pipe 17, the energy control micro-pipe 17 can be used for controlling the soil mass temperature and is used for researching the interaction relation between energy change in frozen soil or geothermal soil and a common pile and an energy pile, and the energy control micro-pipe 17 controls the temperature in two or even three ways, such as: 1. water is introduced, and the control is realized by controlling the problem of the water body; 2. heating by electric power; 3, filling liquid nitrogen for cooling, burying an energy control micro pipe 17 in the soil mass around the model pile, and connecting the energy control micro pipe 17 with a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the soil mass around the model pile;
the energy control system comprises a first step of injecting water with constant temperature through an inlet, pumping the water out of an outlet after the water passes through a model pile body, and measuring the water temperature through temperature measuring equipment at the outlet; and secondly, electrifying to control the temperature of the energy U-shaped pipe 15, thereby researching the influence of energy change of the energy pile on the pile bearing performance. The energy control microtube 17 is also provided with a temperature control and monitoring device, so that the device can study the influence of temperature change of different soil layers of a deep foundation on the bearing performance of the pile and the like.
Pile soil system: the model comprises a model box 11 and a model pile 14, wherein a soil body 12 is filled in the model box 11, a soil body parameter monitoring element 13 and the model pile 14 are embedded in the soil body 12, the model box 11 is composed of rigid steel plates and is in a semi-cylinder shape, the upper part of the model box 11 is opened, the lower part of the model box is sealed, the side wall and the bottom wall of the model box 11 are respectively provided with a drain hole 10, the number and arrangement of the drain holes 10 are set according to the drainage requirement of the test, if the drain holes are sealed, the model box is in a non-drainage working condition, the outer side of the model box 11 is provided with a micro groove connected with the drain holes 10 to ensure that water in the soil body 12 is smoothly drained in the drainage process, the soil body parameter monitoring element 13 is connected with an external computer collecting instrument to collect data, a high-strength resin transparent plate is adopted in the model box 11 as a transparent baffle plate 11, the mold box 11 is fixed on a rigid bottom plate 18; the model pile 14 is manufactured according to the actual pile size and the actual pile type, the model pile 14 is provided with a part of a complete pile body which is longitudinally cut, the cutting surface of the model pile 14 is attached to the transparent baffle 11A, the pile body is attached with a pile body parameter monitoring element 21, the number and the position of the arrangement of the pile body parameter monitoring element 21 are determined according to the requirements of the test, the pile body parameter monitoring element 21 is connected with an external computer acquisition instrument for data acquisition, solid lubricating oil such as vaseline is coated between the model pile 14 and the transparent baffle 11A of the model box 11, rubber skin is adhered to the surface of the model pile 14, which is in contact with the transparent baffle 11A, so as to reduce friction, and an energy U-shaped pipe 15 is arranged in the model pile 14 to control the energy change of the pile; the mold box 11 is fixed to the rigid bottom plate 18 by high-strength rivets 22.
Measurement and collection system: the system comprises a pile measuring system, a soil measuring system, a vertical loading device 3 and a servo monitoring system of a horizontal loading device 5, wherein the pile measuring system comprises a pile body parameter monitoring element 21 and temperature monitoring and control equipment carried by the energy U-shaped pipe 15; the top of the model pile 14 is provided with a dial indicator or an electronic displacement meter for recording the horizontal and vertical displacements of the pile; the soil body measuring system comprises a soil body parameter monitoring element 13 and temperature monitoring and controlling equipment carried by a soil energy control micro pipe 17, the pile body parameter monitoring element 21 is mainly a strain gauge or an optical fiber sensing element, the soil body parameter monitoring element 13 is mainly provided with a soil pressure box, an osmometer and the like, and the servo monitoring system of the loading equipment monitors the magnitude change of loading at any time through a computer.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in order to acquire intuitive pile-soil contact characteristics in real time, a high-speed high-definition digital camera is configured to align a high-strength resin transparent plate to record a pile-soil contact friction process in a test, and physical response of a pile body and deformation characteristics of a soil body are observed; and a temperature camera system is configured to be aligned with the model box 1 to visually collect the model pile and the energy change process of the soil around the model pile.
Referring to fig. 1, the vertical loading device 3 is a vertical loading jack, the horizontal loading device 5 is a horizontal loading jack, and the vertical loading jack and the horizontal loading jack have the function of applying a single load, a combined load, a cyclic load or a cyclic combined load. Thereby being capable of simulating loads in various natural states.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the operation method of the energy pile bearing performance test device includes the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a model pile 14 and a model box 11 according to test requirements, mounting a pile body parameter monitoring element 21 on the model pile 14, and mounting the model pile 14 in the model box 11;
secondly, building a reaction support 2 and a loading equipment support 19, adjusting the reaction support 2 and the loading equipment support 19 to the highest position through a vertical lifting motor 4, placing a model box 11, fixing the model box on a rigid base 18 through a model box fixing rigid block 16, and installing vertical loading equipment 3 and horizontal loading equipment 5 on the loading equipment support 19;
filling a soil body 12 into the model box 11, burying soil body parameter monitoring elements 13 in the soil body 12 and around the model piles 14, connecting the pile energy control system to the model piles 14, and installing the soil body energy control system in the soil body 12;
and fourthly, adjusting each system which is lapped to a proper position, carrying out an experiment, and recording test data.
The soil mass energy control system comprises an energy control micro pipe 17, wherein the energy control micro pipe 17 is buried in the soil mass around the pile, and the energy control micro pipe 17 is connected with a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the soil mass around the pile.
If the purpose of the test is to monitor and analyze the bearing performance of the energy pile influenced by energy change and the pile soil interaction, the pile energy control system comprises an energy U-shaped pipe arranged in the pile, the energy U-shaped pipe is provided with a U-shaped pipe output port and a U-shaped pipe input port which are positioned at the upper end part, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are both provided with temperature control and measurement equipment, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are connected with an external circulating water system, and the external circulating water system is provided with a temperature; if the purpose of the test is to monitor and analyze the bearing performance of the energy pile influenced by energy change and the pile-soil interaction, the model pile 14 adopts a conventional pile without an energy U-shaped pipe, the energy control micro pipe 17 is embedded in the soil around the model pile, the energy control micro pipe 17 is connected with a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the soil around the pile, and further the bearing performance evolution of the conventional pile in frozen soil or geothermal soil and the pile-energy soil interaction under the action of combined load or single load are analyzed.
If the test requires 12 soil bodies to be drained and consolidated, a vacuum preloading system is arranged to carry out vacuum preloading drainage method to consolidate the soil bodies, a drainage plate is arranged in the soil bodies, a sealing film is arranged on the surface of the soil bodies, and the drainage plate is connected with a vacuumizing device through a drainage pipeline.
If the geotechnical centrifuge test is carried out, the rigid bottom plate 18 and the corresponding position in the centrifuge are riveted through the high-strength rivet 22, a jack is not needed in the geotechnical centrifuge test, and the rigid thin plate 20 and the detachable rigid annular plate 9 need to be removed.
If the test is a 1g gravity environment test, a vertical jack is added in the vertical loading equipment 3 to load the soil surface so as to control the initial stress state of the soil, and the 1g gravity test needs to configure a rigid thin plate 20 and a rigid annular plate 9 on the upper surface of the soil.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an energy pile bearing performance test device which characterized by: the system comprises a counterforce system, a loading system, an energy control system, a pile-soil system and a measurement acquisition system;
a counterforce system: the device comprises a counter-force support and a loading equipment support, wherein the counter-force support and the loading equipment support are fixedly connected with a rigid bottom plate through a threaded rigid column, the counter-force support is connected with the threaded rigid column 1, the counter-force support is controlled through a vertical lifting motor, and the loading equipment support and the counter-force support are anchored into a whole;
loading the system: the pile cap loading device comprises vertical loading equipment and horizontal loading equipment, wherein the vertical loading equipment and the horizontal loading equipment are fixed on a loading equipment bracket, the vertical loading equipment is connected with a pile cap so as to perform vertical loading, and the vertical loading equipment is servo-controlled; the horizontal loading equipment is connected with the pile cap through a horizontal loading rigid dowel bar for horizontal loading, and the horizontal loading equipment is also used for servo control;
an energy control system: the pile energy control system comprises an energy U-shaped pipe arranged in a model pile, the energy U-shaped pipe is provided with a U-shaped pipe output port and a U-shaped pipe input port which are positioned at the upper end part, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are both provided with temperature control and measurement equipment, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are connected with an external circulating water system, and the external circulating water system is provided with a temperature control mechanism; the soil mass energy control system comprises an energy control micro pipe, the energy control micro pipe is embedded in the soil mass around the model pile, and the energy control micro pipe is connected with a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the soil mass around the model pile;
pile soil system: the device comprises a model box and a model pile, wherein a soil body is filled in the model box, a soil body parameter monitoring element and the model pile are embedded in the soil body, the model box is composed of rigid steel plates and is in a semi-cylinder shape, the upper part of the model box is opened, the lower part of the model box is sealed, drain holes are formed in the side wall and the bottom wall of the model box, a micro groove is arranged on the outer side of the model box and connected with the drain holes to ensure that water in the soil body is drained smoothly in the drainage process, the soil body parameter monitoring element is connected with an external computer acquisition instrument to collect data, a high-strength resin transparent plate is adopted in the model box as a transparent baffle plate on the diameter side of a semi-circular main body to visually observe the interaction of pile and soil in; the model pile is provided with a partial pile body with a complete pile body longitudinally cut, the cut surface of the model pile is attached to a transparent baffle plate, a pile body parameter monitoring element is attached to the pile body, the number and the position of the arrangement of the pile body parameter monitoring element are determined according to the requirements of a test, the pile body parameter monitoring element is connected with an external computer acquisition instrument to carry out data acquisition work, solid lubricating oil is coated between the model pile and the transparent baffle plate of a model box, a rubber skin is attached to one surface of the model pile, which is in contact with the transparent baffle plate, to reduce friction, and an energy U-shaped pipe is arranged in the model pile to realize control on the energy change of the pile;
measurement and collection system: the system comprises a pile measuring system, a soil measuring system, a vertical loading device and a servo monitoring system of a horizontal loading device, wherein the pile measuring system comprises a pile body parameter monitoring element and temperature monitoring and control equipment carried by the energy U-shaped pipe; the top of the model pile is provided with a dial indicator or an electronic displacement meter for recording the horizontal and vertical displacement of the pile; the soil body measuring system comprises a soil body parameter monitoring element and temperature monitoring and controlling equipment carried by the soil energy control micro-pipe, and the servo monitoring system of the loading equipment monitors the loading magnitude change at any time through a computer.
2. The energy pile bearing performance test device of claim 1, wherein: a high-speed high-definition digital camera is configured to be aligned with the high-strength resin transparent plate to record the contact friction process of the pile and the soil in the test, and the physical response of the pile body and the deformation characteristics of the soil body are observed; and a temperature camera system is configured to aim at the model box to visually acquire the energy change process of the model pile and the soil around the model pile.
3. The energy pile load-carrying capability test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the vertical loading device is a vertical loading jack, the horizontal loading device is a horizontal loading jack, and the vertical loading jack and the horizontal loading jack have the functions of applying single load, combined load, cyclic load or cyclic combined load.
4. The energy pile load-carrying capability test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the model box is fixedly riveted with the rigid bottom plate by adopting a high-strength rivet.
5. The energy pile load-carrying capability test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the counter-force support and the loading equipment support are formed by riveting and combining high-strength I-shaped steel through rivets.
6. An operation method of the energy pile load-carrying capacity testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a model pile and a model box according to test requirements, mounting a pile body parameter monitoring element on the model pile, and mounting the model pile in the model box;
secondly, building a counter-force support and a loading equipment support, adjusting the counter-force support and the loading equipment support to the highest position through a vertical lifting motor, placing a model box, fixing the model box on a rigid base through a model box fixing rigid block, and installing vertical loading equipment and horizontal loading equipment on the loading equipment support;
filling soil into the model box, burying soil parameter monitoring elements in the soil and around the model pile, connecting the pile energy control system to the model pile, and installing the soil energy control system in the soil;
and fourthly, adjusting each system which is lapped to a proper position, carrying out an experiment, and recording test data.
7. The operation method of the energy pile bearing performance test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the soil body energy control system comprises an energy control micro pipe, the energy control micro pipe is embedded in soil bodies around the pile, and the energy control micro pipe is connected with a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the soil bodies around the pile.
8. The method of operating an energy pile load-carrying capability test apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: if the purpose of the test is to monitor and analyze the bearing performance of the energy pile influenced by energy change and the pile soil interaction, the pile energy control system comprises an energy U-shaped pipe arranged in the pile, the energy U-shaped pipe is provided with a U-shaped pipe output port and a U-shaped pipe input port which are positioned at the upper end part, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are both provided with temperature control and measurement equipment, the U-shaped pipe output port and the U-shaped pipe input port are connected with an external circulating water system, and the external circulating water system is provided with a temperature; if the test aims at monitoring and analyzing the bearing performance of the energy pile influenced by energy change and the pile-soil interaction, the model pile adopts a conventional pile without an energy U-shaped pipe, the energy control micro pipe is embedded in the soil around the model pile, the energy control micro pipe is connected with a temperature control mechanism to control the temperature of the soil around the pile, and further the bearing performance evolution of the conventional pile in frozen soil or geothermal soil and the pile-energy soil interaction under the action of combined load or single load are analyzed.
9. The method of operating an energy pile load-carrying capability test apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: if the test requires the soil body to be drained and consolidated, a vacuum preloading system is arranged to carry out vacuum preloading drainage method to consolidate the soil body, a drainage plate is arranged in the soil body in a beating mode during the vacuum preloading drainage method, a sealing film is arranged on the surface of the soil body, and the drainage plate is connected with a vacuumizing device through a pumping and draining pipeline.
10. The method of operating an energy pile load-carrying capability test apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: if the geotechnical centrifuge test is carried out, riveting the corresponding positions of the rigid bottom plate and the centrifuge through high-strength rivets; if the gravity environment test is 1g, adding a vertical jack in vertical loading equipment to load the vertical jack on the surface of the soil body so as to control the initial stress state of the soil body; if the test is an earth centrifuge test, no jack is required, and the rigid sheet and the detachable rigid annular plate need to be removed.
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