CN114414392B - Constant lateral stiffness conventional triaxial test device and test method thereof - Google Patents
Constant lateral stiffness conventional triaxial test device and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
- G01N2203/0208—Specific programs of loading, e.g. incremental loading or pre-loading
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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Abstract
The invention provides a conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness and a test method thereof, wherein the conventional triaxial test device comprises a confining pressure loading system for applying confining pressure to a rock test piece, an axial pressure loading system for applying axial pressure to the rock test piece, a confining pressure monitoring system for monitoring the confining pressure borne by the rock test piece, an axial pressure monitoring system for monitoring the axial pressure borne by the rock test piece, a lateral deformation measuring system for measuring the lateral deformation of the rock test piece, an axial deformation measuring system for measuring the axial deformation of the rock test piece and a computer control system, wherein the confining pressure loading system, the axial pressure loading system, the confining pressure monitoring system, the axial pressure monitoring system, the lateral deformation measuring system and the axial deformation measuring system are all electrically connected with the computer control system. The invention has the advantages of ingenious design, reasonable structure and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness and a test method thereof.
Background
In the process of researching the constitutive property of the rock, a triaxial loading test needs to be carried out on a rock test piece. The existing triaxial test device comprises a true triaxial test device and a conventional triaxial test device.
Rock true triaxial test systems generally employ a cubic rock test piece by applying pressure in three different directions (i.e., applying pressure in three different directions)
) The mechanical property of the rock under the condition of unequal triaxial stress can be simulated. Compared with a conventional triaxial test, the true triaxial can reproduce the stress environment of the rock in the natural environment, so that the mechanical form and mechanism of rock deformation and destruction in the natural stress state can be explained better.
The conventional triaxial test device generally adopts a cylindrical rock test piece, axial pressure is applied through a press machine, lateral pressure (namely confining pressure) is applied through a triaxial pressure cavity matched with a hydraulic test machine, and an unequal pressure state (namely confining pressure) in two directions is achieved
). Compared with a true triaxial test, the method has the characteristics of simple test operation and data analysis and visual test result, and is widely used for measuring the basic mechanical parameters of the rock.
In an engineering site, when the pressure applied to a rock in a certain direction is increased, compression deformation is generated in the direction (namely the axial direction), expansion deformation is inevitably generated in the lateral direction according to the Poisson effect, the rock is inevitably subjected to the reaction force increased by the surrounding rock mass according to a specific proportion (controlled by the rigidity of the rock mass) in the process of laterally deforming so as to extrude the surrounding rock mass, and the magnitude of the lateral force directly influences a plurality of mechanical parameters of the rock.
In addition, because the stress of the surrounding rock of the engineering site is uneven, the stress is increased along with the increase of the buried depth. However, when the existing testing machine is loaded, each loading surface can only apply uniform stress, so that the rock damage rule is inaccurate, and a convenient and fast non-uniform loading device is lacked.
The test research aiming at the phenomenon has important significance on the safety of geotechnical engineering, however, the existing test equipment can not continuously change the lateral pressure of the rock test piece according to the deformation of the rock test piece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention improves the problems, namely the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness and the test method thereof, the conventional triaxial test device is simple in structure, the lateral pressure of the rock test piece can be continuously changed according to the deformation of the rock test piece, and more accurate data is provided for the design and construction of geotechnical engineering.
The specific implementation scheme of the invention is as follows: the constant lateral stiffness conventional triaxial test device comprises a confining pressure loading system for applying confining pressure to a rock test piece, an axial pressure loading system for applying axial pressure to the rock test piece, a confining pressure monitoring system for monitoring the magnitude of the confining pressure borne by the rock test piece, an axial pressure monitoring system for monitoring the magnitude of the axial pressure borne by the rock test piece, a lateral deformation measuring system for measuring the lateral deformation magnitude of the rock test piece, an axial deformation measuring system for measuring the axial deformation magnitude of the rock test piece and a computer control system, wherein the confining pressure loading system, the axial pressure loading system, the confining pressure monitoring system, the axial pressure monitoring system, the lateral deformation measuring system and the axial deformation measuring system are all electrically connected with the computer control system;
the confining pressure loading system comprises a triaxial pressure chamber and a first servo oil source, wherein the triaxial pressure chamber is used for placing a rock test piece and loading the rock test piece, and the first servo oil source is connected with the triaxial pressure chamber and is used for providing oil pressure for the triaxial pressure chamber;
the axial compression loading system comprises a loading frame, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a second servo oil source for driving the hydraulic oil cylinder to apply axial pressure to the rock test piece, and the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed on the loading frame;
the confining pressure monitoring system comprises a hydraulic sensor and a confining pressure data acquisition instrument, wherein the hydraulic sensor is used for measuring the hydraulic pressure in the triaxial pressure chamber, the hydraulic sensor is arranged in the triaxial pressure chamber, and the confining pressure data acquisition instrument records hydraulic data and transmits the hydraulic data to the computer control system;
the axial pressure monitoring system comprises a pressure sensor and an axial pressure data acquisition instrument, wherein the pressure sensor is used for measuring the axial pressure applied to the rock test piece, and the axial pressure data acquisition instrument records the axial pressure data of the rock test piece and transmits the axial pressure data to the computer control system;
the lateral deformation measuring system comprises a strain sensor and a strain data acquisition instrument, wherein the strain sensor is used for measuring the lateral deformation of the rock test piece, and the strain data acquisition instrument records the lateral deformation data of the rock test piece and transmits the lateral deformation data to the computer control system;
the axial deformation measuring system comprises a displacement meter and a displacement data acquisition instrument, wherein the displacement meter is used for measuring the axial deformation of the rock test piece, and the displacement data acquisition instrument records the axial deformation data of the rock test piece and transmits the axial deformation data to the computer control system.
Further, the computer control system comprises a computer, control software, a data bus and a controller, wherein the data bus is used for converting and transmitting data formats between the computer and the controller and transmitting each monitoring data to the computer, the controller receives a computer instruction through the data bus and controls the confining pressure loading system and the shaft pressure loading system to load according to a specific path according to the instruction.
Furthermore, the conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness further comprises a non-uniform loading device, wherein the non-uniform loading device is arranged on the surface of the rock-loading test piece and comprises at least two materials with different elastic moduli, and the two materials are distributed on two sides of an inclined plane which penetrates through the whole non-uniform loading device from top to bottom. When the loading device loads a test piece, acting force is loaded on the non-uniform loading device, and uniform loading can be converted into continuous non-uniform force due to different and continuous changes of elastic modulus of each position.
Further, a test method of the conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness comprises the following steps: (1) Firstly, a cylindrical rock test piece is sleeved with an oil-proof latex sleeve and is placed in a triaxial pressure chamber; (2) Then applying confining pressure to the rock test piece through a confining pressure loading system; (3) Applying axial pressure to the rock test piece by using an axial pressure loading system; (4) Measuring the lateral deformation of the rock test piece in real time in the process of applying the axial pressure, calculating the confining pressure required for keeping constant lateral rigidity by the computer control system according to the lateral deformation, and then sending an instruction to continuously correct the magnitude of the confining pressure until the test is finished; (5) And finally, recording and outputting confining pressure, axial pressure, lateral deformation and axial deformation data of the rock test piece in the test process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention has reasonable structure and ingenious design, realizes the loading test under the boundary condition of constant lateral stiffness, can continuously change the lateral pressure of the rock test piece according to the deformation of the rock test piece, more truly reappears and tests the physical and mechanical properties of the rock on the engineering site, and provides more accurate data for the design and construction of geotechnical engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a constant lateral stiffness control principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rock test piece according to an embodiment of the invention undergoing lateral deformation under axial pressure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first version of a non-uniform loading apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a second variant of the non-uniform loading apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises an A-confining pressure loading system, a B-axial pressure loading system, a C-confining pressure monitoring system, a D-axial pressure monitoring system, an E-lateral deformation measuring system, an F-axial deformation measuring system, a G-computer control system, a 1-rock test piece, a 2-triaxial pressure chamber, a 3-material I, a 4-material II and a 5-inclined plane which penetrates through the upper part and the lower part of the whole non-uniform loading device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 5, in this embodiment, a conventional triaxial test apparatus with constant lateral stiffness is provided, which includes a confining pressure loading system a for applying confining pressure to a rock test piece, an axial pressure loading system B for applying axial pressure to the rock test piece 1, a confining pressure monitoring system C for monitoring the magnitude of confining pressure borne by the rock test piece, an axial pressure monitoring system D for monitoring the magnitude of axial pressure borne by the rock test piece, a lateral deformation measuring system E for measuring the magnitude of lateral deformation of the rock test piece, an axial deformation measuring system F for measuring the magnitude of axial deformation of the rock test piece, and a computer control system, where the confining pressure loading system, the axial pressure loading system, the confining pressure monitoring system, the axial pressure monitoring system, the lateral deformation measuring system, and the axial deformation measuring system are all electrically connected to the computer control system;
the confining pressure loading system A comprises a triaxial pressure chamber 2 for placing a rock test piece and loading the rock test piece, and a first servo oil source which is connected with the triaxial pressure chamber and used for providing oil pressure for the triaxial pressure chamber;
the axial compression loading system B comprises a loading frame, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a second servo oil source for driving the hydraulic oil cylinder to apply axial pressure to the rock test piece, and the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed on the loading frame;
the confining pressure monitoring system C comprises a hydraulic sensor and a confining pressure data acquisition instrument, wherein the hydraulic sensor is used for measuring the hydraulic pressure in the triaxial pressure chamber, and the confining pressure data acquisition instrument records hydraulic data and transmits the hydraulic data to the computer control system;
the axial pressure monitoring system D comprises a pressure sensor and an axial pressure data acquisition instrument, wherein the pressure sensor is used for measuring the axial pressure of the rock test piece 1, and the axial pressure data acquisition instrument records the axial pressure data of the rock test piece and transmits the axial pressure data to the computer control system;
the lateral deformation measuring system E comprises a strain sensor and a strain data acquisition instrument, wherein the strain sensor is used for measuring the lateral deformation of the rock test piece, and the strain data acquisition instrument records the lateral deformation data of the rock test piece and transmits the lateral deformation data to the computer control system;
the axial deformation measuring system F comprises a displacement meter and a displacement data acquisition instrument, wherein the displacement meter is used for measuring the axial deformation of the rock test piece, and the displacement data acquisition instrument records the axial deformation data of the rock test piece and transmits the axial deformation data to the computer control system.
The conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness further comprises a non-uniform loading device, wherein the non-uniform loading device is arranged on the surface of a rock loading test piece and comprises at least two materials with different elastic moduli, namely a first material 3 and a second material 4, and the two materials are distributed on two sides of an inclined plane 5 which penetrates through the whole non-uniform loading device from top to bottom. When the loading device loads a test piece, acting force is loaded on the non-uniform loading device, and uniform loading can be converted into continuous non-uniform force due to different and continuous changes of elastic modulus of each position.
In this embodiment, the computer control system G includes a computer, control software, a data bus, and a controller, and is configured to provide a human-computer interaction interface, input test data, collect various monitoring data, control a loading process, and implement constant lateral stiffness boundary control and display and output test results; the data bus is used for carrying out data format conversion and transmission between the computer and the controller and transmitting each monitoring data to the computer, and the controller receives a computer instruction through the data bus and controls the confining pressure loading system and the shaft pressure loading system to load according to a specific path according to the instruction.
In the embodiment, during testing, firstly, a cylindrical rock test piece 1 can be selected, an oil-proof latex sleeve is sleeved on the rock test piece 1, the rock test piece 1 is placed in a three-axis pressure chamber 2, confining pressure is applied to the rock test piece through a confining pressure loading system, axial pressure is applied to the rock test piece through an axial pressure loading system, lateral deformation of the rock test piece is measured in real time in the process of applying the axial pressure, a computer control system calculates the confining pressure required for keeping constant lateral rigidity according to the lateral deformation, then sends an instruction to continuously correct the magnitude of the confining pressure until the test is finished, and finally, confining pressure, axial pressure, lateral deformation and axial deformation data of the rock test piece are recorded and output in the test process are collected.
Example 2: in this embodiment, the boundary condition that the lateral force of the test piece gradually increases with the increase of the lateral deformation of the test piece is referred to as a constant lateral stiffness boundary condition.
The principle of constant lateral stiffness control is: inputting initial test data through a computer control system, and controlling a confining pressure loading system to apply initial confining pressure to a rock test pieceP 0 Then controlling the axial pressure loading system to gradually apply axial pressure to the rock test piece; the rock specimen inevitably generates increasing lateral deformation in the process of applying axial pressure
Referring to fig. 3, in the process that the axial pressure loading system applies axial pressure to the rock test piece, the rock test piece inevitably generates lateral deformation, and the computer control system obtains the lateral deformation of the rock test piece according to the monitoring>
Calculating the confining pressure required to maintain constant lateral stiffnessPThe calculation formula is ^ H>
In whichP 0 For initial confining pressure>
Is the lateral deformation that occurs to the rock specimen,Kfor the lateral stiffness ^ of the rock specimen>
，rIs the radius of the rock test piece, Eis the elastic modulus of the rock test piece>
The Poisson ratio of the rock test piece is obtained; then sending an instruction by a computer control system to correct the magnitude of the confining pressure in time to form a control cycle; the control loop is continuously carried out in the whole process of the axial pressure loading.
The principle of the conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness is as follows: in a construction site, when the pressure applied to the rock in a certain direction is increased, the rock is inevitably subjected to lateral deformation, and in the process of lateral deformation and extrusion of the surrounding rock mass, the rock is inevitably subjected to the increasing reaction force of the surrounding rock mass, and a boundary capable of generating the reaction force increasing according to a specific path is called a constant lateral stiffness boundary. The test device provided by the invention can continuously change the lateral pressure (namely confining pressure) of the rock test piece according to the lateral deformation of the rock test piece through the cooperative control of the confining pressure loading system, the axial pressure loading system, the confining pressure monitoring system, the axial pressure monitoring system, the lateral deformation measuring system, the axial deformation measuring system and the computer control system, thereby realizing the loading test under the boundary condition of constant lateral stiffness.
The conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness has the advantages that: the loading test under the boundary condition of constant lateral stiffness is realized, the physical and mechanical properties of the rock on the engineering site are more truly reproduced and tested, and more accurate data are provided for the design and construction of geotechnical engineering.
Any embodiment disclosed herein above is meant to disclose, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical ranges disclosed as being preferred, and any person skilled in the art would understand that: the preferred ranges are merely those values which are obvious or representative of the technical effect which can be achieved. Since the number is large and cannot be exhaustive, some of the numbers are disclosed to exemplify the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above-mentioned numbers should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
If the terms "first," "second," etc. are used herein to define parts, those skilled in the art will recognize that: the use of "first" and "second" is merely for convenience of description to distinguish between elements and components, and the terms do not have a special meaning unless otherwise stated.
Meanwhile, if the invention described above discloses or relates to protecting parts or structures fixedly connected to each other, the fixedly connected parts may be understood as follows, unless otherwise stated: a detachable fixed connection (for example using bolts or screws) is also understood as: non-detachable fixed connections (e.g. riveting, welding), but of course, fixed connections to each other may also be replaced by one-piece structures (e.g. manufactured integrally using a casting process) (unless it is obviously impossible to use an integral forming process).
In addition, terms used in any technical solutions disclosed in the present invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include approximate, similar or approximate states or shapes unless otherwise stated.
Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness is characterized by comprising a confining pressure loading system for applying confining pressure to a rock test piece, an axial pressure loading system for applying axial pressure to the rock test piece, a confining pressure monitoring system for monitoring the magnitude of the confining pressure borne by the rock test piece, an axial pressure monitoring system for monitoring the magnitude of the axial pressure borne by the rock test piece, a lateral deformation measuring system for measuring the magnitude of lateral deformation of the rock test piece, an axial deformation measuring system for measuring the magnitude of axial deformation of the rock test piece and a computer control system, wherein the confining pressure loading system, the axial pressure loading system, the confining pressure monitoring system, the axial pressure monitoring system, the lateral deformation measuring system and the axial deformation measuring system are all electrically connected with the computer control system;
the confining pressure loading system comprises a triaxial pressure chamber and a first servo oil source, wherein the triaxial pressure chamber is used for placing a rock test piece and loading the rock test piece, and the first servo oil source is connected with the triaxial pressure chamber and is used for providing oil pressure for the triaxial pressure chamber;
the axial compression loading system comprises a loading frame, a hydraulic oil cylinder and a second servo oil source for driving the hydraulic oil cylinder to apply axial pressure to the rock test piece, and the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed on the loading frame;
the confining pressure monitoring system comprises a hydraulic sensor and a confining pressure data acquisition instrument, wherein the hydraulic sensor is used for measuring the hydraulic pressure in the triaxial pressure chamber, the hydraulic sensor is arranged in the triaxial pressure chamber, and the confining pressure data acquisition instrument records hydraulic data and transmits the hydraulic data to the computer control system;
the axial pressure monitoring system comprises a pressure sensor and an axial pressure data acquisition instrument, wherein the pressure sensor is used for measuring the axial pressure applied to the rock test piece, and the axial pressure data acquisition instrument records the axial pressure data of the rock test piece and transmits the axial pressure data to the computer control system;
the lateral deformation measuring system comprises a strain sensor and a strain data acquisition instrument, wherein the strain sensor is used for measuring the lateral deformation of the rock test piece, and the strain data acquisition instrument records the lateral deformation data of the rock test piece and transmits the lateral deformation data to the computer control system;
the axial deformation measuring system comprises a displacement meter and a displacement data acquisition instrument, wherein the displacement meter is used for measuring the axial deformation of the rock test piece, and the displacement data acquisition instrument records the axial deformation data of the rock test piece and transmits the axial deformation data to the computer control system;
the computer control system comprises a computer, control software, a data bus and a controller, wherein the data bus is used for carrying out data format conversion and transmission between the computer and the controller and transmitting each monitoring data to the computer;
the device is characterized by also comprising a non-uniform loading device, wherein the non-uniform loading device is arranged on the surface of the rock loading test piece and comprises at least two materials with different elastic moduli, and the two materials are distributed on two sides of an inclined plane penetrating through the whole non-uniform loading device from top to bottom.
2. A method of testing using a constant lateral stiffness conventional triaxial test apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: (1) Firstly, a cylindrical rock test piece is sleeved with an oil-proof emulsion sleeve and placed in a triaxial pressure chamber; (2) Then applying confining pressure to the rock test piece through a confining pressure loading system; (3) Applying axial pressure to the rock test piece by using an axial pressure loading system; (4) Measuring the lateral deformation of the rock test piece in real time in the process of applying the axial pressure, and calculating the confining pressure required for keeping constant lateral rigidity by the computer control system according to the lateral deformation, and then sending an instruction to continuously correct the magnitude of the confining pressure until the test is finished; (5) And finally, recording and outputting confining pressure, axial pressure, lateral deformation and axial deformation data of the rock test piece in the test process.
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