CN114414392B - Constant Lateral Stiffness Conventional Triaxial Test Apparatus and Its Test Method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置及其试验方法，包括用于给岩石试件施加围压的围压加载系统、用于给岩石试件施加轴向压力的轴压加载系统、用于监测岩石试件所承受围压大小的围压监测系统、用于监测岩石试件所承受轴向压力大小的轴压监测系统、用于测量岩石试件侧向变形大小的侧向变形测量系统、用于测量岩石试件轴向变形大小的轴向变形测量系统和计算机控制系统，围压加载系统、轴压加载系统、围压监测系统、轴压监测系统、侧向变形测量系统及轴向变形测量系统均与计算机控制系统电连接。本发明设计巧妙，结构合理，具有广阔应用前景。
The invention provides a conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness and its test method, including a confining pressure loading system for applying confining pressure to rock test pieces, and an axial pressure loading system for applying axial pressure to rock test pieces , The confining pressure monitoring system for monitoring the confining pressure of the rock specimen, the axial pressure monitoring system for monitoring the axial pressure of the rock specimen, the lateral deformation for measuring the lateral deformation of the rock specimen Measuring system, axial deformation measuring system and computer control system for measuring the axial deformation of rock specimens, confining pressure loading system, axial pressure loading system, confining pressure monitoring system, axial pressure monitoring system, lateral deformation measuring system and The axial deformation measuring systems are all electrically connected with the computer control system. The invention has ingenious design, reasonable structure and broad application prospect.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置及其试验方法。The invention relates to a conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness and a test method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
在研究岩石的本构特性的过程中，需要对岩石试件进行三轴加载试验。现有的三轴试验装置，包括真三轴试验装置和常规三轴试验装置两大类。In the process of studying the constitutive properties of rocks, it is necessary to carry out triaxial loading tests on rock specimens. Existing triaxial testing devices include two categories: true triaxial testing devices and conventional triaxial testing devices.
岩石真三轴试验系统一般采用立方体岩石试件，通过施加三个方向不等的压力(即)，能够模拟三轴应力不等条件下岩石的力学特性。相对于常规三轴试验，真三轴能够再现自然环境中岩石所处的应力环境，因此，则更能解释自然应力状态下岩石变形与破坏的力学形为与机理。The rock true triaxial test system generally uses a cubic rock specimen, by applying pressures in three directions (ie ), which can simulate the mechanical properties of rock under the condition of unequal triaxial stress. Compared with the conventional triaxial test, the true triaxial test can reproduce the stress environment of the rock in the natural environment, so it can better explain the mechanical behavior and mechanism of rock deformation and failure under the natural stress state.
常规三轴试验装置一般采用圆柱岩石试件，通过压力机施加轴向压力，通过液压试验机配三轴压力腔施加侧向压力（即围压），达到两个方向不等压状态(即)。相对于真三轴试验，具有试验操作和数据分析简单，试验结果直观的特点，被广泛用于测量岩石的基本力学参数。Conventional triaxial test devices generally use cylindrical rock specimens, apply axial pressure through a press, and apply lateral pressure (i.e. confining pressure) through a hydraulic testing machine equipped with a triaxial pressure chamber to achieve a state of unequal pressure in two directions (i.e. ). Compared with the true triaxial test, it has the characteristics of simple test operation and data analysis, and intuitive test results, and is widely used to measure the basic mechanical parameters of rocks.
在工程现场，岩石在某一方向受到的压力增加时，在该方向（即轴向）会产生压缩变形，根据泊松效应，其侧向必然产生扩张变形，岩石在侧向变形从而挤压周围岩体的过程中，又必然受到周围岩体按特定比例（由岩体刚度控制）增加的反作用力，而侧向受力的大小又会直接影响岩石的多个力学参数。At the engineering site, when the pressure on the rock in a certain direction increases, compression deformation will occur in this direction (that is, the axial direction). According to the Poisson effect, expansion deformation will inevitably occur in the lateral direction, and the rock will deform laterally to squeeze the surrounding area. During the process of the rock mass, it is bound to be subjected to the reaction force increased by the surrounding rock mass in a specific proportion (controlled by the stiffness of the rock mass), and the magnitude of the lateral force will directly affect multiple mechanical parameters of the rock.
另外，由于工程现场围岩受力是非均匀的，随埋深的增加受力增大。然而现有的试验机加载时，每个加载面只能施加均匀应力，导致岩石破坏规律不准确，缺乏便捷的非均匀加载装置。In addition, because the force on the surrounding rock of the project site is non-uniform, the force increases with the increase of the buried depth. However, when the existing testing machine is loaded, only uniform stress can be applied to each loading surface, resulting in inaccurate rock failure laws and lack of convenient non-uniform loading devices.
针对上述现象进行试验研究对于岩土工程安全具有重要意义，然而，现有的试验设备不能实现根据岩石试件的变形来不断改变岩石试件的侧向压力。Experimental research on the above phenomenon is of great significance to the safety of geotechnical engineering. However, the existing test equipment cannot continuously change the lateral pressure of the rock specimen according to the deformation of the rock specimen.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明对上述问题进行了改进，即本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置及其试验方法，结构简单，能根据岩石试件的变形来不断改变岩石试件的侧向压力，为岩土工程的设计和施工提供更准确的数据。The present invention improves the above problems, that is, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness and its test method, which has a simple structure and can continuously change the rock test specimen according to the deformation of the rock test specimen. The lateral pressure of the parts can provide more accurate data for the design and construction of geotechnical engineering.
本发明的具体实施方案是：提供一种恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置，包括用于给岩石试件施加围压的围压加载系统、用于给岩石试件施加轴向压力的轴压加载系统、用于监测岩石试件所承受围压大小的围压监测系统、用于监测岩石试件所承受轴向压力大小的轴压监测系统、用于测量岩石试件侧向变形大小的侧向变形测量系统、用于测量岩石试件轴向变形大小的轴向变形测量系统和计算机控制系统，围压加载系统、轴压加载系统、围压监测系统、轴压监测系统、侧向变形测量系统及轴向变形测量系统均与计算机控制系统电连接；The specific embodiment of the present invention is: provide a kind of constant lateral rigidity conventional triaxial test device, comprise the confining pressure loading system that is used for applying confining pressure to rock test piece, the axial pressure that is used to apply axial pressure to rock test piece Loading system, confining pressure monitoring system for monitoring the confining pressure of the rock specimen, axial pressure monitoring system for monitoring the axial pressure of the rock specimen, lateral deformation for measuring the lateral deformation of the rock specimen Axial deformation measurement system, axial deformation measurement system and computer control system for measuring the axial deformation of rock specimens, confining pressure loading system, axial pressure loading system, confining pressure monitoring system, axial pressure monitoring system, lateral deformation measurement The system and the axial deformation measurement system are electrically connected with the computer control system;
所述围压加载系统包括用于放置岩石试件且用于对岩石试件进行加载的三轴压力室以及与三轴压力室连接且用于给三轴压力室提供油压的第一伺服油源；The confining pressure loading system includes a triaxial pressure chamber for placing and loading rock specimens and a first servo oil connected to the triaxial pressure chamber and used for providing oil pressure to the triaxial pressure chamber source;
所述轴压加载系统包括加载框架、液压油缸以及用于驱动液压油缸给岩石试件施加轴向压力的第二伺服油源，所述液压油缸固定加载框架上；The axial pressure loading system includes a loading frame, a hydraulic cylinder and a second servo oil source for driving the hydraulic cylinder to apply axial pressure to the rock specimen, and the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the loading frame;
所述围压监测系统包括用于测量三轴压力室内液压大小的液压传感器以及围压数据采集仪，所述液压传感器安装在三轴压力室内，围压数据采集仪记录液压数据后并将液压数据传递至计算机控制系统；The confining pressure monitoring system includes a hydraulic sensor for measuring the hydraulic pressure in the triaxial pressure chamber and a confining pressure data acquisition instrument. The hydraulic pressure sensor is installed in the triaxial pressure chamber. transmitted to the computer control system;
所述轴压监测系统包括用于测量岩石试件受到轴向压力大小的压力传感器和轴压数据采集仪，轴压数据采集仪记录岩石试件的轴压数据后并将其传递至计算机控制系统；The axial pressure monitoring system includes a pressure sensor and an axial pressure data acquisition instrument for measuring the axial pressure on the rock specimen, and the axial pressure data acquisition instrument records the axial pressure data of the rock specimen and transmits it to the computer control system ;
所述侧向变形测量系统包括用于测量岩石试件侧向变形的应变传感器以及应变数据采集仪，所述的应变数据采集仪记录岩石试件侧向变形数据后并将其传递至计算机控制系统；The lateral deformation measurement system includes a strain sensor and a strain data acquisition instrument for measuring the lateral deformation of the rock specimen, and the strain data acquisition instrument records the lateral deformation data of the rock specimen and transmits it to the computer control system ;
所述轴向变形测量系统包括用于测量岩石试件轴向变形的位移计以及位移数据采集仪，所述位移数据采集仪记录岩石试件轴向变形数据后并将其传递至计算机控制系统。The axial deformation measurement system includes a displacement meter for measuring the axial deformation of the rock test piece and a displacement data acquisition instrument. The displacement data acquisition instrument records the axial deformation data of the rock test piece and transmits it to the computer control system.
进一步的，所述计算机控制系统包括计算机、控制软件、数据总线和控制器，所述数据总线用于在计算机和控制器之间进行数据格式转换和传输，以及向计算机传输各监测数据，所述的控制器通过数据总线接收计算机指令，根据指令控制围压加载系统和轴压加载系统按照特定的路径进行加载。Further, the computer control system includes a computer, control software, a data bus and a controller, the data bus is used for data format conversion and transmission between the computer and the controller, and for transmitting various monitoring data to the computer, the The controller receives computer instructions through the data bus, and controls the confining pressure loading system and the axial pressure loading system to perform loading according to a specific path according to the instructions.
进一步的，所述的恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置，还包括非均匀加载装置，设置在加载岩石试件表面，包括至少两种不同弹性模量的材料，两种材料分布在贯穿整个非均匀加载装置上下的斜面的两侧。加载装置对试件加载时首先将作用力加载非均匀加载装置上，由于各个位置弹性模量不同且连续变化，可将均匀加载变换为连续的非均匀力。Further, the conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness also includes a non-uniform loading device, which is arranged on the surface of the loaded rock specimen, including at least two materials with different elastic moduli, and the two materials are distributed throughout the non-uniform Evenly load the device up and down both sides of the slope. When the loading device loads the specimen, the force is first applied to the non-uniform loading device. Since the elastic modulus of each position is different and changes continuously, the uniform loading can be transformed into a continuous non-uniform force.
进一步的，一种恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置的试验方法，包括步骤如下：（1）首先，选用圆柱形的岩石试件套上防油乳胶套，并将其置于三轴压力室内；（2）然后通过围压加载系统对岩石试件施加围压；（3）再借助轴压加载系统对岩石试件施加轴向压力 ；（4）在施加轴向压力的过程中实时测量岩石试件的侧向变形，计算机控制系统根据侧向变形计算为了保持恒定侧向刚度所需要的围压，进而发出指令不断修正围压的大小，直至试验结束；（5）最后，收集试验过程中记录和输出岩石试件的围压、轴压、侧向变形和轴向变形数据。Further, a test method for a conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness includes the following steps: (1) First, select a cylindrical rock specimen to be covered with an oil-proof latex sleeve, and place it in a triaxial pressure chamber ; (2) Then apply confining pressure to the rock specimen through the confining pressure loading system; (3) Apply axial pressure to the rock specimen with the aid of the axial pressure loading system; (4) Measure the rock in real time during the process of applying axial pressure For the lateral deformation of the specimen, the computer control system calculates the confining pressure required to maintain a constant lateral stiffness according to the lateral deformation, and then issues instructions to continuously correct the size of the confining pressure until the end of the test; (5) Finally, collect Record and output the confining pressure, axial pressure, lateral deformation and axial deformation data of rock specimens.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明结构合理，设计巧妙，实现了恒定侧向刚度边界条件下的加载试验，能根据岩石试件的变形来不断改变岩石试件的侧向压力，更真实的再现和测试岩石在工程现场的物理力学性质，为岩土工程的设计和施工提供更准确的数据。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention has a reasonable structure and ingenious design, realizes the loading test under the boundary condition of constant lateral stiffness, and can constantly change the lateral direction of the rock specimen according to the deformation of the rock specimen. It can more realistically reproduce and test the physical and mechanical properties of rocks at the engineering site, and provide more accurate data for the design and construction of geotechnical engineering.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例装置整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例恒定侧向刚度控制原理示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of constant lateral stiffness control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例岩石试件在轴向压力作用下产生侧向变形的示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of lateral deformation of a rock specimen under axial pressure in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例非均匀加载装置第一种形式的截面示意图；4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first form of a non-uniform loading device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例非均匀加载装置第二种形式的截面示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second form of the non-uniform loading device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图中： A-围压加载系统，B-轴压加载系统，C-围压监测系统，D-轴压监测系统，E-侧向变形测量系统，F-轴向变形测量系统，G-计算机控制系统，1-岩石试件，2-三轴压力室，3-材料一，4-材料二，5-贯穿整个非均匀加载装置上下的斜面。In the figure: A-confining pressure loading system, B-axial pressure loading system, C-confining pressure monitoring system, D-axial pressure monitoring system, E-lateral deformation measurement system, F-axial deformation measurement system, G-computer Control system, 1-rock test piece, 2-triaxial pressure chamber, 3-
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1：如图1~5所示，本实施例中，提供一种恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置，包括用于给岩石试件施加围压的围压加载系统A、用于给岩石试件1施加轴向压力的轴压加载系统B、用于监测岩石试件所承受围压大小的围压监测系统C、用于监测岩石试件所承受轴向压力大小的轴压监测系统D、用于测量岩石试件侧向变形大小的侧向变形测量系统E、用于测量岩石试件轴向变形大小的轴向变形测量系统F和计算机控制系统，围压加载系统、轴压加载系统、围压监测系统、轴压监测系统、侧向变形测量系统及轴向变形测量系统均与计算机控制系统电连接；Embodiment 1: As shown in Figures 1 to 5, in this embodiment, a kind of constant lateral stiffness conventional triaxial test device is provided, including the confining pressure loading system A for applying confining pressure to the rock specimen, Axial pressure loading system B for applying axial pressure on
所述围压加载系统A包括用于放置岩石试件且用于对岩石试件进行加载的三轴压力室2以及与三轴压力室连接且用于给三轴压力室提供油压的第一伺服油源；The confining pressure loading system A includes a
所述轴压加载系统B包括加载框架、液压油缸以及用于驱动液压油缸给岩石试件施加轴向压力的第二伺服油源，所述液压油缸固定加载框架上；The axial pressure loading system B includes a loading frame, a hydraulic cylinder and a second servo oil source for driving the hydraulic cylinder to apply axial pressure to the rock specimen, and the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the loading frame;
所述围压监测系统C包括用于测量三轴压力室内液压大小的液压传感器以及围压数据采集仪，所述液压传感器安装在三轴压力室内，围压数据采集仪记录液压数据后并将液压数据传递至计算机控制系统；The confining pressure monitoring system C includes a hydraulic pressure sensor and a confining pressure data acquisition instrument for measuring the hydraulic pressure in the triaxial pressure chamber. The hydraulic pressure sensor is installed in the triaxial pressure chamber. The data is transmitted to the computer control system;
所述轴压监测系统D包括用于测量岩石试件1受到轴向压力大小的压力传感器和轴压数据采集仪，轴压数据采集仪记录岩石试件的轴压数据后并将其传递至计算机控制系统；The axial pressure monitoring system D includes a pressure sensor and an axial pressure data acquisition instrument for measuring the axial pressure on the
所述侧向变形测量系统E包括用于测量岩石试件侧向变形的应变传感器以及应变数据采集仪，所述的应变数据采集仪记录岩石试件侧向变形数据后并将其传递至计算机控制系统；The lateral deformation measurement system E includes a strain sensor and a strain data acquisition instrument for measuring the lateral deformation of the rock specimen, and the strain data acquisition instrument records the lateral deformation data of the rock specimen and transmits it to the computer control system;
所述轴向变形测量系统F包括用于测量岩石试件轴向变形的位移计以及位移数据采集仪，所述位移数据采集仪记录岩石试件轴向变形数据后并将其传递至计算机控制系统。The axial deformation measurement system F includes a displacement meter and a displacement data acquisition instrument for measuring the axial deformation of the rock specimen, and the displacement data acquisition instrument records the axial deformation data of the rock specimen and transmits it to the computer control system .
所述的恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置，还包括非均匀加载装置，设置在加载岩石试件表面，包括至少两种不同弹性模量的材料，包括材料一3和材料二4，两种材料分布在贯穿整个非均匀加载装置上下的斜面5的两侧。加载装置对试件加载时首先将作用力加载非均匀加载装置上，由于各个位置弹性模量不同且连续变化，可将均匀加载变换为连续的非均匀力。The conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness also includes a non-uniform loading device, which is arranged on the surface of the loaded rock specimen, including at least two materials with different elastic moduli, including material one 3 and material two 4, two The material is distributed on both sides of the
本实施例中，所述计算机控制系统G包括计算机、控制软件、数据总线和控制器，计算机控制系统用于提供人机交互界面，输入试验数据，收集各监测数据，控制加载过程，实现恒定侧向刚度边界控制以及显示和输出试验结果；所述数据总线用于在计算机和控制器之间进行数据格式转换和传输，以及向计算机传输各监测数据，所述的控制器通过数据总线接收计算机指令，根据指令控制围压加载系统和轴压加载系统按照特定的路径进行加载。In this embodiment, the computer control system G includes a computer, control software, a data bus, and a controller. The computer control system is used to provide a human-computer interaction interface, input test data, collect various monitoring data, control the loading process, and realize a constant side. To control the stiffness boundary and display and output test results; the data bus is used for data format conversion and transmission between the computer and the controller, and to transmit various monitoring data to the computer, and the controller receives computer instructions through the data bus , control the confining pressure loading system and the axial pressure loading system to load according to a specific path according to the command.
本实施例中，试验的时候，首先，可以先选用圆柱形的岩石试件1，并将岩石试件1套上防油乳胶套，并将其置于三轴压力室2内，然后通过围压加载系统对岩石试件施加围压，再借助轴压加载系统对岩石试件施加轴向压力 ，在施加轴向压力的过程中实时测量岩石试件的侧向变形，计算机控制系统根据侧向变形计算为了保持恒定侧向刚度所需要的围压，进而发出指令不断修正围压的大小，直至试验结束，最后，收集试验过程中记录和输出岩石试件的围压、轴压、侧向变形和轴向变形数据。In this embodiment, when testing, at first, the cylindrical
实施例2：本实施例中，将试件随着其本身侧向变形的增加，侧向受力逐渐增加的边界条件，称为恒定侧向刚度边界条件。Embodiment 2: In this embodiment, the boundary condition that the lateral force of the specimen gradually increases with the increase of its own lateral deformation is called the constant lateral stiffness boundary condition.
恒定侧向刚度控制的原理是：通过计算机控制系统输入初始试验数据，控制围压加载系统对岩石试件施加初始围压 P 0，然后控制轴压加载系统对岩石试件逐渐施加轴向压力；在施加轴向压力的过程中，岩石试件必然产生不断增大的侧向变形，参见图3，在轴压加载系统对岩石试件施加轴向压力的过程中，岩石试件必然产生侧向变形，计算机控制系统根据监测得到的岩石试件侧向变形计算为了保持恒定侧向刚度所需要的围压 P，计算公式为，其中 P 0为初始围压，为岩石试件发生的侧向变形， K为岩石试件的侧向刚度， r为岩石试件半径， E为岩石试件弹性模量，为岩石试件泊松比；进而通过计算机控制系统发出指令适时修正围压的大小，形成控制循环；在轴压加载的整个过程中，该控制循环不断进行。 The principle of constant lateral stiffness control is: input the initial test data through the computer control system, control the confining pressure loading system to apply initial confining pressure P 0 to the rock specimen, and then control the axial pressure loading system to gradually apply axial pressure to the rock specimen; In the process of applying axial pressure, the rock specimen will inevitably produce increasing lateral deformation , see Figure 3, in the process of applying axial pressure on the rock specimen by the axial compression loading system, the rock specimen will inevitably produce lateral deformation, and the computer control system will obtain the lateral deformation of the rock specimen according to the monitoring Calculate the confining pressure P required to maintain a constant lateral stiffness, the calculation formula is , where P 0 is the initial confining pressure, is the lateral deformation of the rock specimen, K is the lateral stiffness of the rock specimen , r is the radius of the rock specimen, E is the elastic modulus of the rock specimen, is the Poisson's ratio of the rock specimen; and then the computer control system issues instructions to correct the size of the confining pressure in a timely manner to form a control cycle; during the entire process of axial pressure loading, the control cycle continues.
恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置的原理是：在工程现场，岩石在某一方向受到的压力增加时，必然导致其侧向变形的产生，岩石在侧向变形从而挤压周围岩体的过程中，又必然受到周围岩体不断增加的反作用力，能够产生这种按特定路径增加的反作用力的边界称为恒定侧向刚度边界。本发明所述的试验装置，通过围压加载系统、轴压加载系统、围压监测系统、轴压监测系统、侧向变形测量系统、轴向变形测量系统和计算机控制系统的协作控制，可以根据岩石试件的侧向变形不断改变岩石试件受到的侧向压力（即围压），从而实现恒定侧向刚度边界条件下的加载试验。The principle of the constant lateral stiffness conventional triaxial test device is: at the engineering site, when the pressure on the rock in a certain direction increases, it will inevitably lead to its lateral deformation, and the rock will deform laterally to squeeze the surrounding rock mass. Among them, it must be subjected to the increasing reaction force of the surrounding rock mass, and the boundary that can produce this reaction force that increases according to a specific path is called the boundary of constant lateral stiffness. The test device of the present invention can be controlled according to the cooperative control of the confining pressure loading system, the axial pressure loading system, the confining pressure monitoring system, the axial pressure monitoring system, the lateral deformation measurement system, the axial deformation measurement system and the computer control system. The lateral deformation of the rock specimen constantly changes the lateral pressure (ie, confining pressure) on the rock specimen, so as to realize the loading test under the boundary condition of constant lateral stiffness.
本发明所述的恒定侧向刚度常规三轴试验装置的优势在于：实现了恒定侧向刚度边界条件下的加载试验，更真实的再现和测试岩石在工程现场的物理力学性质，为岩土工程的设计和施工提供更准确的数据。The advantage of the conventional triaxial test device with constant lateral stiffness of the present invention is that it realizes the loading test under the boundary conditions of constant lateral stiffness, more realistically reappears and tests the physical and mechanical properties of rocks at the engineering site, and provides a new foundation for geotechnical engineering. Provide more accurate data for design and construction.
上述本发明所公开的任一技术方案除另有声明外，如果其公开了数值范围，那么公开的数值范围均为优选的数值范围，任何本领域的技术人员应该理解：优选的数值范围仅仅是诸多可实施的数值中技术效果比较明显或具有代表性的数值。由于数值较多，无法穷举，所以本发明才公开部分数值以举例说明本发明的技术方案，并且，上述列举的数值不应构成对本发明创造保护范围的限制。Unless otherwise stated in any technical solution disclosed in the present invention, if it discloses a numerical range, then the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range, and any person skilled in the art should understand that: the preferred numerical range is only Among the many practicable numerical values, the technical effect is relatively obvious or representative. Since there are too many numerical values to list exhaustively, the present invention only discloses some numerical values to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and the numerical values listed above should not constitute limitations on the protection scope of the present invention.
如果本文中使用了“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件的话，本领域技术人员应该知晓：“第一”、“第二”的使用仅仅是为了便于描述上对零部件进行区别如没有另行声明外，上述词语并没有特殊的含义。If words such as "first" and "second" are used herein to define components, those skilled in the art should know that the use of "first" and "second" is only for the convenience of describing the components. Unless otherwise stated, the above words have no special meanings.
同时，上述本发明如果公开或涉及保护互相固定连接的零部件或结构件，那么，除另有声明外，固定连接可以理解为：能够拆卸地固定连接(例如使用螺栓或螺钉连接)，也可以理解为：不可拆卸的固定连接(例如铆接、焊接)，当然，互相固定连接也可以为一体式结构(例如使用铸造工艺一体成形制造出来) 所取代(明显无法采用一体成形工艺除外)。At the same time, if the above-mentioned invention discloses or relates to the protection of parts or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (for example, using bolts or screws), or It is understood as: non-detachable fixed connection (such as riveting, welding), of course, mutual fixed connection can also be replaced by an integrated structure (such as one-piece manufacturing by casting process) (except that it is obviously impossible to use one-piece forming process).
另外，上述本发明公开的任一技术方案中所应用的用于表示位置关系或形状的术语除另有声明外其含义包括与其近似、类似或接近的状态或形状。In addition, unless otherwise stated, the terms used in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include states or shapes that are similar, similar or close to them.
本发明提供的任一部件既可以是由多个单独的组成部分组装而成，也可以为一体成形工艺制造出来的单独部件。Any component provided by the present invention can be assembled from multiple individual components, or can be a single component manufactured by integral forming process.
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the present invention can still be Modifications to the specific implementation of the invention or equivalent replacement of some technical features; without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the technical solution claimed in the present invention.
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