CN114563278A - Novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device and test method - Google Patents
Novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device and a testing method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering simulation tests. The device comprises an installation device, a moving device, a high ground stress loading device, a high ground temperature simulation device, a humidity simulation device, a water inrush simulation device and a drilling device. The mounting device is used for accommodating the tunnel reduced scale model. The high ground stress loading device can extend into the mounting device and apply pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model. The high ground temperature simulation device is arranged on the inner wall of the installation device and used for simulating a geothermal environment in the installation device. The humidity simulator is used for adjusting the humidity in the installation device. The water inrush simulation device is used for applying water pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model. The drilling device is used for drilling on the tunnel reduced scale model to simulate tunnel excavation. The novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device can realize the coupling of high water pressure, high ground temperature, high humidity environment, high ground stress and the like, and provides basic conditions for researching underground engineering catastrophe mechanisms and failure rules.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering simulation tests, in particular to a novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device and a testing method.
Background
Various landforms, such as terrains, hills, deep-cut canyons in plateaus and other falling and fluctuating terrains, are often required to be faced during tunnel engineering construction, and construction sections for construction at large underground burial depths also exist according to different terrains. Therefore, part of the tunnel engineering faces extremely complex construction and operation environments such as high ground temperature, high ground stress and the like. Under the coupling action of high ground stress, high ground temperature and the like, engineering geological problems such as collapse, roof fall, large deformation, rock burst and the like frequently occur in the tunnel construction process. The existing construction measures and theoretical foundations hardly meet actual requirements, the existing loading device for the tunnel scale model test cannot meet the requirements of high-temperature and high-ground-stress coupling loading of a tunnel structure in the conventional atmospheric environment, and the existing loading device also has the capability of simulating and expanding extreme environments such as high humidity and high water pressure, and seriously restricts the research on tunnel catastrophe mechanisms and prevention and control basic theories in the extreme environments such as high ground temperature and high ground stress. Tunnel scale model tunnel scale model
Therefore, a novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device and a testing method are needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device and a test method, which can realize the coupling of high water pressure, high ground temperature, high humidity environment, high ground stress and the like, and provide basic conditions for researching underground engineering catastrophe mechanisms and failure rules.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device comprises: a mounting device for receiving a tunnel reduced scale model; the moving device is used for driving the tunnel reduced scale model to move into the mounting device; the high ground stress loading device is arranged on the outer side of the mounting device and can extend into the mounting device and apply pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model; the high ground temperature simulation device is arranged on the inner wall of the installation device and is used for simulating a geothermal environment in the installation device; a humidity simulator for adjusting humidity within the mounting device; the water inrush simulation device is used for applying water pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model; and the drilling device is used for drilling holes on the tunnel reduced scale model so as to simulate tunnel excavation.
Further, the mounting device includes: the mounting box defines a containing space for containing the tunnel reduced scale model; the observation plate is detachably arranged at the opened end of the installation box, and an observation window is arranged on the observation plate.
Furthermore, a reinforcing structure is further arranged on the outer wall of the installation box.
Further, the high ground stress loading device includes: the pressurizing driving piece is arranged on the outer side of the mounting device; the utility model discloses a tunnel scale model, including tunnel scale model, installation device, a plurality of pressure head, it is a plurality of pressure head detachably establishes the output of pressurization driving piece, installation device's at least three side all is equipped with a plurality ofly the pressure head, the pressurization driving piece can drive a plurality ofly the pressure head stretches into in the installation device and to tunnel scale model applys pressure.
Further, the pressurization driving piece comprises a plurality of driving oil cylinders, and the high ground stress loading device further comprises: the pressure source is connected with the plurality of driving oil cylinders and is used for inputting hydraulic oil to the plurality of driving oil cylinders; a cooling assembly for cooling the hydraulic oil.
Further, the high ground temperature simulation device includes: the heating element is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting device; a thermal insulation member provided on an outer wall of the mounting device; a temperature control assembly for controlling a heating temperature of the heating member.
Further, the mobile device includes: one end of the guide rail at least extends into the mounting device; the bottom plate is movably arranged on the guide rail along the length direction of the guide rail and is used for bearing the tunnel reduced scale model; the limiting part surrounds the bottom plate.
Further, the drilling device includes: a support member; a drilling member disposed on the support member; the drill bit is arranged at the output end of the drilling part; the drilling control assembly is used for controlling the drilling piece so as to adjust the rotating speed of the drill bit, the drilling stroke of the drill bit and the drilling time of the drill bit.
Furthermore, the water inrush simulation device comprises a micro water spraying piece, the micro water spraying piece is arranged inside the tunnel reduced scale model, and the outer wall of the micro water spraying piece is provided with a plurality of water spraying holes.
A test method of a tunnel reduced scale model is based on the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, and comprises the following steps: checking the working performance of the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, performing a preloading test on a standard sample, and judging that the performance of the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device is normal; preparing a material of the tunnel reduced scale model according to test requirements; preparing the tunnel reduced scale model by a layered compaction method, arranging sensors and water inrush simulation devices at different heights of the tunnel reduced scale model according to test conditions, preparing a calibration test piece by using the material, and testing physical and mechanical parameters of the calibration test piece; mounting the tunnel reduced scale model on a mounting device, debugging the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device again, and judging that the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device is in an initial state; controlling a high ground stress loading device to apply pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model according to test conditions until the pressure of the high ground stress loading device reaches a design value, keeping the pressure value loaded by the high ground stress loading device constant, observing and recording the morphological damage process of the tunnel reduced scale model, controlling a high ground temperature simulation device, a humidity simulation device, a water burst simulation device and a drilling device to process the tunnel reduced scale model according to the test conditions, and simultaneously obtaining relevant parameters of the detected tunnel reduced scale model; exporting detection data, disassembling the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, and moving and disassembling the tunnel reduced scale model; and detecting and maintaining the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the mounting device can provide a stable mounting environment for the tunnel reduced scale model, so that the tunnel reduced scale model in the mounting device is not easily influenced by the external environment, the tunnel reduced scale model is ensured to be only influenced by relevant structures in the mounting device in the test process, and the test reliability of the tunnel reduced scale model is further improved. The moving device is convenient for convey the tunnel reduced scale model to the mounting device, so that the automation degree of the test is improved, and the convenience of the test is improved. The high ground stress loading device can apply different pressures to the tunnel reduced scale model to simulate different high ground stresses on an actual tunnel, and further the actual performance change of the tunnel is estimated according to the performance change generated by the tunnel reduced scale model; the high ground temperature simulation device can heat the environment temperature in the installation device, so that the tunnel reduced scale model is subjected to different heating effects, the actual tunnel is simulated to be subjected to different heat temperatures, and the actual tunnel performance change is estimated according to the performance change generated by the tunnel reduced scale model; the humidity simulation device can adjust the environmental humidity in the installation device so that the tunnel scale model enters different humidity environments, the actual different humidity environments of the tunnel are simulated, and the actual performance change of the tunnel is estimated according to the performance change generated by the tunnel scale model; the water inrush simulation device can apply water pressure with different parameters to the tunnel reduced scale model in the installation device so as to simulate the effect that the actual tunnel is subjected to different water inrush water pressure in the construction process, and further guess the performance change of the actual tunnel according to the performance change generated by the tunnel reduced scale model. Therefore, according to the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, different tunnel construction environments can be simulated through the high ground stress loading device, the high ground temperature simulation device, the humidity simulation device and the water inrush simulation device, coupling of high water pressure, high ground temperature, high humidity environment, high ground stress and the like is simulated, the construction process of a tunnel in different environments is simulated through the drilling device, and therefore basic conditions are provided for researching underground engineering catastrophe mechanisms and failure rules.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic partial structural diagram of a novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial structural side view of a novel loading device for a three-dimensional model of a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a mounting device and a mobile device provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for testing a tunnel scale model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. A mounting device; 11. installing a box; 12. an observation plate; 121. an observation window; 13. a reinforcing structure; 14. a bolt;
3. a high ground stress loading device; 31. a drilling member; 32. a drill bit;
2. a mobile device; 21. a guide rail; 22. a base plate;
4. a high ground temperature simulator; 41. a heating member; 42. a heat shield.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the recitation of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the recitation of the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the recitation that the first and second features are not in direct contact, but are in contact via another feature between them. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
It will be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience and simplicity of description only and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be considered as limiting the invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
The specific structure of the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
As shown in fig. 1-3, fig. 1 discloses a novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, which comprises a mounting device 1, a moving device 2, a high ground stress loading device 3, a high ground temperature simulation device 4, a humidity simulation device, a water inrush simulation device and a drilling device. The mounting device 1 is used for accommodating a tunnel reduced scale model. The moving device 2 is used for driving the tunnel reduced scale model to move into the mounting device 1. The high ground stress loading device 3 is arranged on the outer side of the mounting device 1, and the high ground stress loading device 3 can extend into the mounting device 1 and apply pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model. The high ground temperature simulation device 4 is provided on an inner wall of the installation device 1, and the high ground temperature simulation device 4 is used for simulating a geothermal environment in the installation device 1. The humidity simulator is used to adjust the humidity in the installation device 1. The water inrush simulation device is used for applying pressure and water pressure to the interior of the tunnel scale model. The drilling device is used for drilling on the tunnel reduced scale model to simulate tunnel excavation.
It can be understood that installation device 1 can provide stable installation environment to the tunnel reduced scale model to make the tunnel reduced scale model in installation device 1 be difficult for receiving external environment's influence, thereby ensure that the tunnel reduced scale model only can receive the influence of the correlation structure in installation device 1 in the experimentation, and then improve the experimental reliability of tunnel reduced scale model. The moving device 2 is convenient for convey the tunnel reduced scale model to the mounting device 1, so that the automation degree of the test is improved, and the convenience of the test is improved. The high ground stress loading device 3 can apply different pressures to the tunnel reduced scale model to simulate different high ground stresses applied to the actual tunnel, and further estimate the actual performance change of the tunnel according to the performance change generated by the tunnel reduced scale model; the high ground temperature simulation device 4 can heat the environment temperature in the installation device 1, so that the tunnel reduced scale model is subjected to different heating effects, the actual tunnel is simulated to be subjected to different heat temperatures, and the actual tunnel performance change is estimated according to the performance change generated by the tunnel reduced scale model; the humidity simulation device can adjust the environmental humidity in the installation device 1 so that the tunnel scale model enters different humidity environments, thereby simulating different humidity environments of an actual tunnel and further presuming the actual performance change of the tunnel according to the performance change generated by the tunnel scale model; the water inrush simulation device can apply water pressure with different parameters to the tunnel reduced scale model in the installation device 1 so as to simulate the effect that the actual tunnel is subjected to different water inrush water pressure in the construction process, and further guess the performance change of the actual tunnel according to the performance change generated by the tunnel reduced scale model.
Therefore, according to the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device of the embodiment, different tunnel construction environments can be simulated through the high ground stress loading device 3, the high ground temperature simulation device 4, the humidity simulation device and the water inrush simulation device, coupling of underground water, high ground heat, high humidity environment, high ground stress and the like is simulated, the construction process of the tunnel in different environments is simulated through the drilling device, and therefore basic conditions are provided for researching underground engineering catastrophe mechanisms and failure rules.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the mounting device 1 includes a mounting case 11 and a viewing plate 12. The installation case 11 defines an accommodation space for accommodating the tunnel reduced scale model. The viewing plate 12 is detachably provided at the open end of the mounting box 11, and the viewing plate 12 is provided with a viewing window 121.
It can be understood that, the accommodation space in the installation box 11 is convenient for realize the installation of the tunnel reduced scale model, and the detachable arrangement of the installation box 11 and the observation plate 12 is also favorable for forming a closed accommodation space after the tunnel reduced scale model is installed, so as to improve the reliability when simulating different environments. The observation plate 12 can not only play a role in sealing, but also facilitate an operator to observe real-time changes of the tunnel reduced scale model in the accommodating space through the observation window 121 so as to improve the test convenience; in addition, the observation window 121 can be removed to facilitate the drilling apparatus to drill the tunnel scale model through the observation panel 12.
Specifically, install bin 11 includes the base, goes up roof, left side board, right side board and back wallboard, and left side board, right side board and back wallboard welded connection are on base and last roof, observe board 12 and pass through connection structure detachably such as bolt 14 and be connected with left side board and right side board to be convenient for dismantle when the installation with dismantle tunnel reduced scale model.
Specifically, the observation window 121 includes a high-strength resin plate, and the high-strength resin plate is detachably disposed on the observation plate 12 through a connection structure such as a bolt 14, so as to facilitate drilling and excavation of the tunnel reduced scale model by the drilling device after detachment.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, a reinforcing structure 13 is further provided on the outer wall of the installation box 11.
It can be understood that the reinforcing structure 13 can effectively improve the strength of the installation box 11, thereby ensuring that the installation box 11 still maintains good strength after the high ground stress loading device 3, the high ground temperature simulation device 4, the humidity simulation device and the water inrush simulation device perform multiple operations.
In particular, the reinforcing structure 13 comprises a grid rib structure.
Specifically, the upper top plate, the left side plate, the right side plate and the rear wall plate of the installation box 11 are all provided with reinforcing structures 13.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the high ground stress loading means 3 comprises a pressure drive and a plurality of rams, the pressure drive being provided outside the mounting means 1. A plurality of pressure heads detachably establish the output at the pressurization driving piece, and installation device 1's at least three side all is equipped with a plurality of pressure heads, and the pressurization driving piece can drive a plurality of pressure heads and stretch into installation device 1 in and exert pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model.
It can be understood that, because the pressurization driving piece is arranged outside the installation device 1, the pressurization driving piece can not be influenced by the high-temperature high-humidity environment inside the installation device 1, and meanwhile, the pressurization driving piece can drive the pressure head to extend into the installation device 1, so that the pressurization effect of the pressure head can be realized by the pressurization driving piece. The pressure head can be dismantled with the pressurization driving piece and be connected, then can be convenient for adjust not unidimensional pressure head according to not unidimensional tunnel scale model to the stress condition that the actual tunnel of better simulation received, thereby further improve the reliability of test. All be equipped with a plurality of pressure heads in installation device 1's at least three side, then can be at least from X axle, Y axle and Z axle direction to applying pressure to tunnel scale model, and then can simulate out the pressure of multiple not equidirectional, effectively improved experimental adjustment range, improve the reliability of test result.
Specifically, the mounting device 1 is provided with a plurality of indenters at the rear, left side and upper side thereof.
Specifically, the mounting device 1 is provided with a mounting frame on the outer side, and the pressurizing driving member is arranged on the mounting frame.
In some embodiments, the pressurized drive comprises a plurality of drive cylinders, and the high ground stress loading unit 3 further comprises a pressure source and a cooling assembly. The pressure source is connected with the plurality of driving oil cylinders and is used for inputting hydraulic oil to the plurality of driving oil cylinders. The cooling assembly is used for cooling hydraulic oil.
It can be understood that the arrangement of the pressurizing oil cylinders enables an operator to conveniently realize accurate regulation and control of each pressurizing oil cylinder through the hydraulic servo control module, and accordingly accurate and stable pressurizing effect on the tunnel scale model is achieved. The pressure source can set up to structures such as high performance electric booster pump, oil charge pump, can realize long-time operation loading effect to satisfy the experimental demand of most.
The cooling assembly can cool the hydraulic oil so as to better ensure the reliability of pressurization. Specifically, the cooling assembly comprises a high-performance plate cooler, and hydraulic oil can be cooled down rapidly through heat exchange of colleges and universities. Therefore, through the matching of the driving oil cylinder and the cooling assembly, compared with a driving structure such as a motor or an air cylinder, the pressurizing effect and the pressurizing precision can be more accurate, and long-time pressurizing can be realized, so that the test reliability and the test range are further improved.
In some specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the plurality of driving cylinders are divided into three groups of cylinders, each of the three groups of cylinders includes nine driving cylinders, and the nine driving cylinders are distributed in three rows and three columns, which has better applicability.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the high-geothermal simulator 4 includes a heating element 41, a thermal shield 42, and a temperature control assembly. The heating member 41 is provided on the inner wall of the mounting device 1. The heat insulator 42 is provided on the outer wall of the mounting device 1. The temperature control assembly is used to control the heating temperature of the heating member 41.
It can be understood that the inner wall of the installation device 1 can directly heat the tunnel scale model in the installation device 1 to simulate the terrestrial heat received by the actual tunnel. The heat insulating member 42 can provide a good heat insulating effect to ensure that the heating member 41 can stably heat the inside of the installation device 1. The temperature control assembly can be convenient for operating personnel to heat according to actual heating demand, and also can be convenient for operating personnel real-time supervision heating temperature.
Specifically, the heating member 41 includes an attached heating plate, which is convenient to install at each inner wall of the installation device 1. The heat insulating member 42 includes a heat insulating board, and is formed by combining a heat insulating material and a heat insulating bubble film, which has a good heat insulating effect.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the moving device 2 includes a guide rail 21, a bottom plate 22, and a stopper. One end of the guide rail 21 extends at least into the mounting device 1. The bottom plate 22 is movably arranged on the guide rail 21 along the length direction of the guide rail 21, and the bottom plate 22 is used for bearing the tunnel reduced scale model. The limiting member is arranged around the bottom plate 22.
It can be understood that the limiting member can have a limiting effect, so as to ensure that the tunnel scale model cannot move relative to the bottom plate 22, and to better ensure the reliability of the tunnel scale model moving along the guide rail 21 through the bottom plate 22. The tunnel scale model can be well disassembled and assembled in the installation device 1 by matching the guide rail 21, the bottom plate 22 and the limiting part, the reliability of a test result is improved, and the experimental error is reduced.
Specifically, the locating part includes that a plurality of concatenation formulas enclose the fender, and a plurality of concatenation formulas enclose that the fender loops through spout and boss structure and realize quick concatenation to improve mobile device 2's dismouting efficiency. Meanwhile, the spliced enclosure is detachably connected with the bottom plate 22 through bolts and the like.
In some embodiments, the drilling apparatus includes a support member, a drilling member 31, a drill bit 32, and a drilling control assembly. The drilling member 31 is provided on the support member. A drill bit 32 is provided at the output end of the drilling member 31. The drilling control assembly is used to control the drilling member 31 to adjust the rotational speed of the drill bit 32, the rate of penetration of the drill bit 32, the drilling stroke of the drill bit 32, and the drilling time of the drill bit 32.
It can be understood that the support member can better guarantee the stability when drilling member 31 drives drill bit 32 excavation to better guarantee drilling device's excavation reliability, ensure that it can carry out drilling according to the experimental operating mode of predetermineeing. The drilling control assembly enables precise control of the rotational speed of the drill bit 32, the rate of penetration of the drill bit 32, the drilling stroke of the drill bit 32, and the drilling time of the drill bit 32 to further ensure that drilling meets the testing requirements.
Specifically, the support comprises a drill floor support, and the drill floor support is of a steel frame structure.
Specifically, the drill 32 is a special-shaped drill 32 to meet the requirements of section excavation of different shapes such as a circle, a horseshoe and the like, so that the test range of the tunnel reduced scale model is further enlarged.
In some embodiments, the water inrush simulation device includes a micro water spraying member disposed inside the tunnel reduced scale model, and an outer wall of the micro water spraying member is provided with a plurality of water spraying holes.
It can be understood that the miniature water spraying piece is arranged inside the tunnel reduced scale model, so that water can enter the miniature water spraying piece and then is sprayed out from the plurality of water spraying holes and then is sprayed into the tunnel reduced scale model, and the actual water inrush phenomenon of the tunnel is simulated.
Specifically, the miniature water spray piece can set up a plurality ofly, and the length direction of a plurality of miniature water spray pieces can have a variety, and a plurality of hole for water spraying can have multiple aperture to can accord with multiple experimental demand.
In some embodiments, the humidity simulation apparatus includes a humidifying spray joint, and the effect of adjusting the humidity can be better achieved through the humidifying spray joint.
As shown in fig. 4, the invention further discloses a testing method of a tunnel scale model, which is based on the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, and comprises the following steps:
s1, checking the working performance of the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, performing a preloading test on the standard sample, and judging that the performance of the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device is normal;
s2, preparing a material of the tunnel reduced scale model according to the test requirement;
s3, preparing a tunnel reduced scale model through a layered compaction method, arranging sensors and water inrush simulation devices at different heights of the tunnel reduced scale model according to test conditions, preparing a calibration test piece by using materials, and testing physical and mechanical parameters of the calibration test piece;
s4, mounting the tunnel reduced scale model on the mounting device 1, debugging the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device again, and judging that the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device is in an initial state;
s5, controlling the high ground stress loading device 3 to apply pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model according to test conditions until the pressure of the high ground stress loading device 3 reaches a design value, keeping the pressure value loaded by the high ground stress loading device 3 constant, observing and recording the morphological damage process of the tunnel reduced scale model, controlling the high ground temperature simulation device 4, the humidity simulation device, the water inrush simulation device and the drilling device to process the tunnel reduced scale model according to the test conditions, and simultaneously obtaining relevant parameters of the detected tunnel reduced scale model;
s6, exporting the detection data, disassembling the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, and moving and disassembling the tunnel reduced scale model;
and S7, detecting and maintaining the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device.
It is understood that in step S1, the reliability of the test can be better ensured by checking the workability. Specifically, the working performance of a hydraulic system, an electric control system and the like of the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device needs to be checked, and the integrity of the installation device 1 and the foundation thereof needs to be checked; specifically, the standard sample can be set as the metal block, and through carrying out the preloading test to the metal block, can further detect the working property of aassessment entire system to in time discover and solve the problem that novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device exists.
In step S2, the material is prepared according to actual test requirements. Specifically, the basic similarity ratio of physical and mechanical parameters of a model test is determined according to test requirements, natural materials (gypsum powder, quartz sand, barite powder and the like), artificial materials (cement, zinc oxide, rosin and the like) and adhesives (paraffin, resin and the like) are adopted to prepare similar materials according to a certain proportion range, basic physical and mechanical tests are carried out to obtain reasonable proportion meeting the test requirements, and the specific proportion of the materials can be obtained through multiple tests so as to ensure the test reliability and reduce the test errors.
Illustratively, after configuring a 1:40 IV-grade surrounding rock similar material with a soil-sand ratio of 3:7, a cement mixing amount of 5%, a gypsum powder mixing amount of 3% and a water content of 10%, the material is verified through a direct shear and triaxial test. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the specific preparation parameters of the material can be changed according to actual requirements without specific limitations.
In step S3, the prototype is scaled down to a certain scale, and then a tunnel scale model is made of a material, so that the stress state of the prototype can be better simulated by the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device. In addition, in order to obtain test data, the tunnel reduced scale model is prepared by a layered compaction method, so that the requirement of arranging a sensor and a water inrush simulation device in the tunnel reduced scale model can be better met. Specifically, the tamper falls down from proper level to compact layer by layer to ensure the uniformity of the sample, and according to the requirements of detection and test simulation working conditions, the sensor is arranged at a corresponding height or the water inrush simulation device is buried. In addition, the physical and mechanical parameters of the tunnel scale model can be further checked and evaluated by testing the physical and mechanical parameters of the calibration test piece.
The steps S4-S6 can better ensure the smooth proceeding of the test and ensure the reliability of the test.
In step S7, the working performance and integrity of each system of the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device can be analyzed and evaluated after the test is completed, the wearing parts need to be maintained in time, and the wearing parts which do not meet the use requirements need to be replaced in time, so as to better ensure that the next test is performed quickly.
In addition, according to the test method of the tunnel scale model provided by the embodiment of the invention, due to the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, the coupling of underground water, high-heat, high-humidity environment, high ground stress and the like can be conveniently simulated, and basic conditions are provided for researching underground engineering catastrophe mechanism and failure rule.
In the description herein, references to the description of "some embodiments," "other embodiments," or the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description of the present invention, which should be interpreted as a limitation.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a novel loading of tunnel three-dimensional model device which characterized in that includes:
a mounting device (1), the mounting device (1) being used for accommodating a tunnel reduced scale model;
a moving device (2), wherein the moving device (2) is used for driving the tunnel reduced scale model to move into the mounting device (1);
the high ground stress loading device (3) is arranged on the outer side of the mounting device (1), and the high ground stress loading device (3) can extend into the mounting device (1) and apply pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model;
the high ground temperature simulation device (4), the high ground temperature simulation device (4) is arranged on the inner wall of the installation device (1), and the high ground temperature simulation device (4) is used for simulating a geothermal environment in the installation device (1);
a humidity simulation device for adjusting the humidity inside the mounting device (1);
the water inrush simulation device is used for applying water pressure to the tunnel reduced scale model;
and the drilling device is used for drilling the simulated tunnel excavation on the tunnel reduced scale model.
2. The new tunnel three-dimensional model loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that said mounting device (1) comprises:
an installation box (11), wherein the installation box (11) defines a containing space for containing the tunnel reduced scale model;
the observation plate (12), the observation plate (12) detachably is established the open end of install bin (11), be equipped with observation window (121) on observation plate (12).
3. The novel loading device for the three-dimensional model of the tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that a reinforcing structure (13) is further arranged on the outer wall of the installation box (11).
4. The new tunnel three-dimensional model loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that said high ground stress loading device (3) comprises:
a pressurized drive member provided outside the mounting device (1);
the tunnel scale model comprises a plurality of pressure heads, wherein the pressure heads are detachably arranged at the output end of a pressurizing driving piece, at least three side faces of the mounting device (1) are provided with a plurality of pressure heads, and the pressurizing driving piece can drive the plurality of pressure heads to extend into the mounting device (1) and apply pressure to the tunnel scale model.
5. The novel loading device for the three-dimensional model of the tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the pressurized driving member comprises a plurality of driving cylinders, and the high ground stress loading device (3) further comprises:
the pressure source is connected with the plurality of driving oil cylinders and is used for inputting hydraulic oil to the plurality of driving oil cylinders;
a cooling assembly for cooling the hydraulic oil.
6. The novel loading device for the three-dimensional tunnel model according to claim 1, characterized in that the high ground temperature simulation device (4) comprises:
a heating member (41), wherein the heating member (41) is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting device (1);
a heat insulator (42), wherein the heat insulator (42) is arranged on the outer wall of the mounting device (1);
a temperature control assembly for controlling a heating temperature of the heating member (41).
7. The new tunnel three-dimensional model loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that said moving means (2) comprise:
a guide rail (21), wherein one end of the guide rail (21) at least extends into the mounting device (1);
the bottom plate (22), the bottom plate (22) is movably arranged on the guide rail (21) along the length direction of the guide rail (21), and the bottom plate (22) is used for bearing the tunnel reduced scale model;
the limiting piece is arranged on the bottom plate (22) in an enclosing mode.
8. The novel loading device for the three-dimensional model of the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the drilling device comprises:
a support member;
a drilling member (31), the drilling member (31) being provided on the support member;
a drill bit (32), the drill bit (32) being provided at an output end of the drilling member (31);
a drilling control assembly for controlling the drilling member (31) to adjust the rotational speed of the drill bit (32), the rate of penetration of the drill bit (32), the drilling stroke of the drill bit (32) and the drilling time of the drill bit (32).
9. The novel loading device for the three-dimensional tunnel model according to claim 1, wherein the water inrush simulation device comprises a micro water spraying member, the micro water spraying member is arranged inside the scaled tunnel model, and the outer wall of the micro water spraying member is provided with a plurality of water spraying holes.
10. A method for testing a tunnel reduced scale model, which is based on the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device of any one of claims 1-9, and comprises the following steps:
checking the working performance of the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, performing a preloading test on a standard sample, and judging that the performance of the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device is normal;
preparing a material of the tunnel reduced scale model according to test requirements;
preparing the tunnel reduced scale model by a layered compaction method, arranging sensors and water inrush simulation devices at different heights of the tunnel reduced scale model according to test conditions, preparing a calibration test piece by using the material, and testing physical and mechanical parameters of the calibration test piece;
mounting the tunnel reduced scale model on a mounting device (1), debugging the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device again, and judging that the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device is in an initial state;
according to test conditions, controlling a high ground stress loading device (3) to apply pressure on the tunnel reduced scale model until the pressure of the high ground stress loading device (3) reaches a design value, keeping a pressure value loaded by the high ground stress loading device (3) constant, observing and recording a morphological failure process of the tunnel reduced scale model, controlling a high ground temperature simulation device (4), a humidity simulation device, a water inrush simulation device and a drilling device to process the tunnel reduced scale model according to the test conditions, and simultaneously obtaining relevant parameters of the detected tunnel reduced scale model;
exporting detection data, disassembling the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device, and moving and disassembling the tunnel reduced scale model;
and detecting and maintaining the novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device.
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