CN112159986A - Method and system for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash - Google Patents

Method and system for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112159986A
CN112159986A CN202010929455.7A CN202010929455A CN112159986A CN 112159986 A CN112159986 A CN 112159986A CN 202010929455 A CN202010929455 A CN 202010929455A CN 112159986 A CN112159986 A CN 112159986A
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fly ash
reverse osmosis
sodium hypochlorite
water
nanofiltration
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王学科
张春苗
焦海亮
穆童
王纯
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Tianjin Enew Environmental Protection Engineering Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/24Halogens or compounds thereof
    • C25B1/26Chlorine; Compounds thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D11/00Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0215Solid material in other stationary receptacles
    • B01D11/0253Fluidised bed of solid materials
    • B01D11/0257Fluidised bed of solid materials using mixing mechanisms, e.g. stirrers, jets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D11/00Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0288Applications, solvents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D61/00Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B01D61/026Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration comprising multiple reverse osmosis steps
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a system for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash, which comprises a water washing tank, a nanofiltration device, a reverse osmosis device and an electrolytic reactor, wherein a first outlet of the water washing tank is communicated with an inlet of the nanofiltration device, a first outlet of the nanofiltration device is communicated with an inlet of the reverse osmosis device, and a first outlet of the reverse osmosis device is communicated with an inlet of the electrolytic reactor. The method has the advantages that the washing-out concentration of sodium chloride in the fly ash is high, the chlorine obtained by electrolysis reacts with the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain sodium hypochlorite, and other chemical agents are not required to be added.

Description

Method and system for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fly ash treatment methods, in particular to a method and a system for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash.
Background
The combustion fly ash is the residue obtained by collecting municipal refuse in a flue gas purification system and a heat recovery system in the disposal process, and accounts for about 20 percent of the total amount of refuse incineration ash. The water content of the fly ash is extremely low, between 10 and 20 percent, the fly ash is light gray powder, and the particle size is less than 100 um. Fly ash is mainly made of SiO2、 Fe2O3、Al2O3Mainly, it also contains a large amount of NaCl, KCl, etc.
Sodium hypochlorite is an important oxidant and bleaching agent for a very minute, and has wide application in various industries such as printing and dyeing, pharmacy, agriculture and the like. The industrial method for preparing sodium hypochlorite is to use sodium hydroxide to absorb chlorine gas to prepare the sodium hypochlorite, or to adopt a mode of directly electrolyzing sodium chloride solution, and no matter which method is adopted to obtain the sodium hypochlorite, a large amount of chemical raw materials and energy consumption are consumed, so that the economic cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and designs a method and a system for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash.
The system comprises a water washing tank, a nanofiltration device, a reverse osmosis device and an electrolytic reactor, wherein a first outlet of the water washing tank is communicated with an inlet of the nanofiltration device, a first outlet of the nanofiltration device is communicated with an inlet of the reverse osmosis device, and a first outlet of the reverse osmosis device is communicated with an inlet of the electrolytic reactor.
And a second outlet of the nanofiltration equipment is communicated with an inlet of the washing tank.
And a second outlet of the reverse osmosis device is communicated with an inlet of the water washing pool.
The first outlet of the water washing pool and the outlet of the reverse osmosis device are both provided with high-pressure pumps, and the second outlet of the water washing pool and the second outlet of the electrolysis reactor are both provided with stop valves.
A method for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash comprises the following steps:
step 1: pouring the fly ash into a water washing pool, adding a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring and mixing;
step 2: the water washing liquid after washing enters a nanofiltration device for nanofiltration treatment, a large amount of divalent ions such as calcium, magnesium ions and sulfate radicals are left in trapped liquid, and monovalent ions such as sodium ions and chloride ions flow out of the nanofiltration device along with penetrating liquid;
and step 3: the penetrating fluid after nanofiltration enters a reverse osmosis device for reverse osmosis treatment again, the penetrating fluid after the reverse osmosis treatment is desalted water with dissolved salts removed, and trapped fluid mainly comprises concentrated NaCl and KCl solution for subsequent electrolytic treatment;
and 4, step 4: the trapped fluid after reverse osmosis treatment enters an electrolytic reactor for electrolytic treatment, and Cl is generated by electrolytic reaction2Gas and H2Gas, wherein the electrolyzed solution is NaOH solution;
and 5: cl produced by electrolysis2The gas and the electrolyzed NaOH solution continue to react in the electrolytic reactor to prepare a sodium hypochlorite crude product, and the reaction equation is as follows:
2NaOH+Cl2=NaClO+NaCl+H2O
in the step 1, the content of NaCl in the fly ash is 3% -9.5%, and the proportion of the added water to the fly ash is 4: 1, the stirring rate of the reaction is 200-250r/min, 80% of NaCl can be washed into a water washing liquid through one-time water washing, the mortar obtained through the water washing treatment contains a large amount of heavy metals, insoluble ferric salt, aluminum salt, silicate and the like, and the treated mortar is gradually discharged.
In the step 4, the electrolysis reaction equation is as follows:
2NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2
wherein the electrolytic reactor adopts diaphragm-free electrolytic cell, Cl2Anodic generation of gas in electrolytic reactors, H2Gas is generated at the cathode in the electrolysis reactor.
In the step 2, the intercepted liquid after nanofiltration returns to a water washing pool to be used as high-salt water for water washing.
And in the step 3, the penetrating fluid after the reverse osmosis treatment returns to the water washing pool to be used as demineralized water for water washing.
According to the method and the system for preparing the sodium hypochlorite by using the fly ash, which are manufactured by the technical scheme, the sodium chloride in the fly ash has high washing concentration, the concentrated KCl solution can be obtained through reverse osmosis treatment, the sodium chloride solution is electrolyzed, the obtained chlorine gas and the sodium hydroxide solution react to obtain the sodium hypochlorite, other chemical agents do not need to be added, and the cost is saved. The high-salt water produced in the nanofiltration process and the desalted water produced in the reverse osmosis process can be used for washing, so that the whole water consumption is saved. The invention has the characteristics of high resource utilization rate and environmental friendliness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of example 1 of a process and system for producing sodium hypochlorite from fly ash according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of example 2 of a process and system for producing sodium hypochlorite from fly ash according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of example 3 of a process and system for producing sodium hypochlorite from fly ash according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a process and system for producing sodium hypochlorite from fly ash in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a scrubber in a process and system for producing sodium hypochlorite from fly ash according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a water washing pool; 2. nanofiltration equipment; 3. a reverse osmosis unit; 4. an electrolysis reactor; 5. a high pressure pump; 6. a stop valve; 7. fly ash; 8. a sodium hypochlorite crude product; 9. mortar; 10. and (4) desalting water.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings that illustrate the invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a system for preparing sodium hypochlorite with fly ash, including washing pond 1, nanofiltration equipment 2, reverse osmosis unit 3, electrolytic reactor 4, the first export of washing pond 1 and nanofiltration equipment 2's import be linked together nanofiltration equipment 2's first export and reverse osmosis unit 3's import intercommunication, reverse osmosis unit 3's first export is linked together with electrolytic reactor 4's import, the first export of washing pond 1 is equipped with high-pressure pump 5, the second export of washing pond 1 and electrolytic reactor 4's second export all are equipped with stop valve 6.
Wherein the water washing tank 1 is used for washing fly ash, the fly ash 7 enters the water washing tank 1 and is added with a proper amount of water, and the regulation proportion is that the water: fly ash 4: 1. the stirring speed is 200-250 r/min. The content of NaCl in the fly ash 7 is 3-9.5%, 80% of NaCl can be washed out by primary washing water, and the content of NaCl in the washing liquid is 6000mg/L-18000 mg/L. The slurry 9 separated by washing contains a large amount of heavy metals and insoluble iron salts, aluminum salts, silicates and the like, and is discharged gradually after being subjected to subsequent treatment.
As shown in fig. 5, the washing tank 1 is composed of a tank body and a stirring mechanism, the tank body is composed of a premixing chamber, a spiral mixing chamber and a stirring chamber, the stirring mechanism is composed of a first stirring mechanism arranged in the premixing chamber, a second stirring mechanism arranged in the spiral mixing chamber and a third stirring mechanism arranged in the stirring chamber, a fly ash inlet and a water inlet are arranged at the top of the premixing chamber, and a discharge hole is arranged at the bottom of the stirring chamber.
The first stirring mechanism is used for premixing the fly ash and water, the fly ash filter cake enters the premixing chamber through the fly ash inlet, an external water source enters the premixing chamber through the water inlet, an outlet is formed in the bottom of the premixing chamber and communicated with the spiral mixing chamber, and the fly ash and the water after primary stirring form fly ash slurry and enter the spiral mixing chamber.
The second stirring mechanism stirs the fly ash slurry for the second time to ensure that the fly ash and water are stirred more fully, the screw rod can also push the fly ash slurry to move while stirring the fly ash slurry, and the fly ash slurry reaches the inside of the stirring chamber through the outlet of the spiral mixing chamber.
The third rabbling mechanism carries out the stirring processing of the third time to the flying dust thick liquid, and wherein stirring vane comprises last stirring vane and lower stirring vane, and mutual symmetry is installed about two blades, and wherein stirring vane produces the axial thrust that makes progress down, goes up stirring vane and produces the axial thrust that makes progress, improves stirring efficiency to two stirring vane's thrust opposite direction can offset each other, has improved device stability and life. Fly ash slurry after the three-time stirring process is accumulated in the stirring chamber and finally discharged through the discharge port, and sodium chloride can be washed out by 80% through one-time washing in the washing tank, so that the washing effect is good.
The nanofiltration equipment 2 is used for carrying out nanofiltration treatment on the water washing liquid, wherein the nanofiltration is a pressure-driven membrane separation process between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, the aperture range of the nanofiltration membrane is about a few nanometers, and some inorganic salts and some solvents are allowed to permeate the membrane, so that the separation effect is achieved. The nanofiltration membrane is a charged membrane and can carry out electric adsorption. The water is produced under the same water quality and environment, the pressure required by the nanofiltration membrane is less than that of the reverse osmosis membrane, the separation mechanism of the nanofiltration membrane is the coexistence of screening, dissolution and diffusion, and simultaneously, the nanofiltration membrane has a charge repulsion effect, can effectively remove divalent and multivalent ions, remove various substances with molecular weight more than 200, and can partially remove monovalent ions and substances with molecular weight less than 200. Divalent ions such as calcium, magnesium ions and sulfate radicals contained in the water washing liquid can be effectively used as trapped liquid to realize separation through nanofiltration treatment.
The reverse osmosis apparatus 3 is used for performing reverse osmosis treatment again on the solution after nanofiltration, which is also called reverse osmosis, a membrane separation operation for separating a solvent from the solution using a pressure difference as a driving force. The feed solution on one side of the membrane is pressurized and when the pressure exceeds its osmotic pressure, the solvent will reverse osmosis against the direction of natural osmosis. Thereby obtaining a permeated solvent, i.e., permeate, at the low pressure side of the membrane; the high pressure side yields a concentrated solution, i.e., a concentrate. Wherein the penetrating fluid component is desalted water from which soluble salts are removed, and the trapped fluid is mainly concentrated NaCl and KCl solution for subsequent electrolytic treatment.
The electrolytic reactor 4 adopts a diaphragm-free electrolytic cell to perform electrolytic treatment on the trapped concentrated solution after the reverse osmosis treatment, and the electrolytic reaction generates Cl2Gas and H2Gas, the electrolysis equation is:
2NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2
wherein Cl is2Gas generation at the anode in the electrolysis reactor 4, H2Gas is generated at the cathode in the electrolysis reactor 4. The solution after electrolysis is NaOH solution, and Cl generated by electrolysis2And NaOH solution continue to react in the electrolytic reactor 4 to obtain a sodium hypochlorite crude product 8, and the chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:
2NaOH+Cl2=NaClO+NaCl+H2O
the sodium hypochlorite is an important oxidant and bleaching agent for a very minute, and has wide application in various industries such as printing and dyeing, pharmacy, agriculture and the like.
In particular, it should be additionally noted that the washing tank 1, the reverse osmosis device 3, and the electrolysis reactor 4 in the present embodiment are all added with reactants, and after the reactants are added, the corresponding reaction is performed in the device, and after the reaction is completed, the reactant is discharged to the next device.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, as an improvement of the present invention, the nanofiltration device 2 is used for nanofiltration treatment of a water washing liquid, and an intercepted liquid after nanofiltration contains a large amount of divalent ions such as calcium, magnesium ions and sulfate radicals, and can be used as high-salt water to separately carry out water washing treatment on fly ash, so that the whole water consumption in the water washing process is saved. The rest of the structure and advantages are exactly the same as those of embodiment 1.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3, as an improvement of the present invention, the reverse osmosis apparatus 3 is used for performing reverse osmosis treatment again on the solution after nanofiltration, and permeate and retentate permeate can be obtained through the reverse osmosis treatment, the retentate is mainly a solution of concentrated NaCl and KCl, the permeate is desalted water 10 with dissolved salts removed, and the permeate can be used as desalted water 10 to wash fly ash separately, so that the water consumption in the washing process is saved. The rest of the structure and advantages are exactly the same as those of embodiment 2.
As shown in fig. 5, a method for preparing sodium hypochlorite from fly ash comprises the following steps:
step 1: the content of NaCl in the fly ash is 3% -9.5%, the fly ash is poured into a water washing pool 1, a proper amount of water is added, and the proportion of the added water to the fly ash 7 is 4: 1, the stirring rate of the reaction is 200-250r/min, 80% of NaCl can be washed into a washing liquid by one-time washing, the slurry 9 obtained by the washing treatment contains a large amount of heavy metals, insoluble ferric salt, aluminum salt, silicate and the like, and the slurry is discharged step by step after subsequent treatment.
Step 2: the water washing liquid after water washing enters a nanofiltration device 2 to be subjected to nanofiltration treatment under the driving of a high-pressure pump 5, a large amount of divalent ions such as calcium, magnesium ions and sulfate radicals are left in trapped liquid after nanofiltration treatment, and the trapped liquid after nanofiltration can be used for washing fly ash as high-salt water; monovalent ions such as sodium ions and chloride ions flow out of the nanofiltration equipment 2 along with the penetrating fluid and enter the reverse osmosis device 3.
And step 3: and (3) penetrating fluid after nanofiltration enters a reverse osmosis device 3 for reverse osmosis treatment again, and the penetrating fluid after the reverse osmosis treatment is desalted water 10 for removing soluble salts and can be used for washing fly ash. The trapped fluid is mainly concentrated NaCl and KCl solution for subsequent electrolytic treatment.
And 4, step 4: the trapped fluid after the reverse osmosis treatment enters an electrolytic reactor 4 for electrolytic treatment, and Cl is generated by the electrolytic reaction2Gas and H2Gas, the chemical reaction formula is:
2NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2
wherein Cl is2Gas generation at the anode in the electrolysis reactor 4, H2Gas is generated at the cathode in the electrolysis reactor 4.
And 5: the solution after electrolysis is NaOH solution, and Cl generated by electrolysis2And NaOH solution continue to react in the electrolytic reactor 4 to obtain a sodium hypochlorite crude product 8, and the chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:
2NaOH+Cl2=NaClO+NaCl+H2O
wherein H obtained by electrolysis in step 42Gas can be discharged, and also can be collected and burnt to generate steam, then the condensation is carried out, and the water collected after the cooling can be used for the washing process, the water consumption is saved.
In the embodiment, the washing concentration of the sodium chloride in the fly ash is high, the concentrated KCl solution can be obtained through reverse osmosis treatment, the sodium chloride solution is electrolyzed, the obtained chlorine gas and the sodium hydroxide solution can be reacted to obtain the sodium hypochlorite without adding other chemical agents, and the cost is saved. The high-salt water produced in the nanofiltration process and the desalted water produced in the reverse osmosis process can be used for washing, so that the whole water consumption is saved. The invention has the characteristics of high resource utilization rate and environmental friendliness.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The system for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash is characterized by comprising a water washing tank (1), a nanofiltration device (2), a reverse osmosis device (3) and an electrolytic reactor (4), wherein a first outlet of the water washing tank (1) is communicated with an inlet of the nanofiltration device (2), a first outlet of the nanofiltration device (2) is communicated with an inlet of the reverse osmosis device (3), and a first outlet of the reverse osmosis device (3) is communicated with an inlet of the electrolytic reactor (4).
2. A system for the preparation of sodium hypochlorite with fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that the second outlet of the nanofiltration device (2) is in communication with the inlet of the washing tank (1).
3. A system for the production of sodium hypochlorite with fly ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second outlet of the reverse osmosis unit (3) is in communication with the inlet of the washing tank (1).
4. A system for preparing sodium hypochlorite with fly ash according to claim 4, characterized in that the first outlet of the washing tank (1) and the outlet of the reverse osmosis device (3) are both provided with high pressure pumps (5), and the second outlet of the washing tank (1) and the second outlet of the electrolytic reactor (4) are both provided with stop valves (6).
5. A method for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: pouring the fly ash (7) into a water washing pool (1), adding a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring and mixing;
step 2: the water washing liquid after washing enters a nanofiltration device (2) for nanofiltration treatment, a large amount of divalent ions such as calcium, magnesium ions and sulfate radicals remain in trapped liquid, and monovalent ions such as sodium ions and chloride ions flow out of the nanofiltration device (2) along with penetrating liquid;
and step 3: the penetrating fluid after nanofiltration enters a reverse osmosis device (3) for reverse osmosis treatment again, the penetrating fluid after the reverse osmosis treatment is desalted water (10) for removing soluble salts, and trapped fluid is mainly concentrated NaCl and KCl solution for subsequent electrolytic treatment;
and 4, step 4: the trapped liquid after reverse osmosis treatment enters an electrolytic reactor (4) for electrolytic treatment, and Cl is generated by electrolytic reaction2Gas and H2Gas, wherein the electrolyzed solution is NaOH solution;
and 5: cl produced by electrolysis2The gas and the electrolyzed NaOH solution continue to react in the electrolytic reactor to prepare a sodium hypochlorite crude product (8), and the reaction equation is as follows:
2NaOH+Cl2=NaClO+NaCl+H2O 。
6. a method for the production of sodium hypochlorite from fly ash as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step 1, the content of NaCl in the fly ash (7) is 3% to 9.5%, and the ratio of water and fly ash added is 4: 1, the stirring rate of the reaction is 200-250r/min, 80% of NaCl can be washed into a water washing liquid through one-time water washing, and the mortar (9) obtained through the water washing treatment contains a large amount of heavy metals, insoluble ferric salt, aluminum salt, silicate and the like, and is discharged step by step after the treatment.
7. A method for producing sodium hypochlorite from fly ash as claimed in claim 5, wherein in said step 4, the electrolysis reaction equation is as follows:
2NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2
wherein the electrolytic reactor (4) adopts a diaphragm-free electrolytic cell, Cl2Gas generation at the anode in an electrolysis reactor (4), H2Gas is generated at the cathode in the electrolysis reactor (4).
8. The method for preparing sodium hypochlorite from fly ash as used in claim 5, wherein the retentate after nanofiltration is returned to the washing tank (1) as high-salinity water for washing in step 2.
9. A process for the production of sodium hypochlorite from fly ash as claimed in claim 5 wherein in step 3 the permeate after reverse osmosis treatment is returned to the water wash tank (1) as demineralized water (10) for washing.
CN202010929455.7A 2020-09-07 2020-09-07 Method and system for preparing sodium hypochlorite by using fly ash Pending CN112159986A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN113399433A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-17 华中科技大学 Fly ash treatment method
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CN115159554A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-10-11 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 Waste incineration fly ash recycling and calcium salt recycling system and method
CN115159554B (en) * 2022-06-30 2023-10-27 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 System and method for recycling waste incineration fly ash and recycling calcium salt

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