CN112159586A

CN112159586A - Preparation method of high-strength composite sound absorption material

Info

Publication number: CN112159586A
Application number: CN202011101241.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹贻成
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-10-15
Filing date: 2020-10-15
Publication date: 2021-01-01

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a polymer laminated sound insulation material, belonging to the technical field of sound insulation materials. The invention takes polyurethane foaming material as raw material to prepare polymer laminated sound insulation material, the polyurethane foaming material has a large amount of micro pores and holes which are communicated with each other inside and outside, and sound wave can enter the material inside along the pores to cause the vibration of air molecules in the pores. Due to the viscous resistance of air and the friction between air molecules and pore walls, sound energy is converted into heat energy to be lost, and then due to the viscosity of the foam wall material, part of vibration energy is converted into heat energy, so that the sound insulation effect of the polymer laminated sound insulation material is improved; according to the invention, the EVA is added to prepare the high-molecular laminated sound insulation material, the EVA has a branched chain, the intermolecular internal friction is large, the movement of a macromolecular chain is limited, and meanwhile, ester-based hydrogen bonds in the EVA can generate physical crosslinking, so that the macromolecular chain is difficult to move, sound energy consumption is large in the transmission process of sound, and the sound insulation performance of the material is improved.

Description

Preparation method of high-strength composite sound absorption material

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength composite sound absorption material, and belongs to the technical field of sound absorption materials.

Background

At present, noise pollution becomes one of four environmental pollutions, and is an important environmental pollution. Effective prevention and control of noise is not slow enough, and besides being constrained by mandatory laws and regulations, the method is also necessary for deep research of scientific noise reduction technology. Generally, the methods for reducing the radiation of the noise from the noise propagation path mainly include damping vibration reduction, sound absorption and noise reduction, and sound insulation and noise reduction. There are generally three ways to attenuate noise: weakened at the sound source, weakened during propagation, and weakened at the human ear. In practical application, the purpose of sound absorption and noise reduction is achieved mainly by arranging the sound absorption material in the process of noise transmission. There are three general types of sound absorption mechanisms: a sound absorption mechanism of a thin plate resonance sound absorption structure, a helmholtz sound absorption mechanism, and a porous sound absorption mechanism.

The sound absorption material is a material with strong sound energy absorption and noise reduction performance. Materials that absorb incident sound energy by their own porosity, membrane action or resonance action. The porous material has many fine pores inside and is directly communicated with the surface of the material, or has many interconnected air bubbles inside, and has certain ventilation performance. The porous sound-absorbing material can be divided into five types of organic fiber materials, inorganic fiber materials, organic foam materials, inorganic foam materials and composite materials according to the types of the materials, wherein the inorganic fiber materials are fiber materials taking inorganic minerals as basic components, and comprise asbestos, rock wool, glass wool, brocade silicate fiber cotton and the like. The materials not only have good sound absorption performance, but also have the advantages of small heat conductivity coefficient, fire resistance, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, low price and the like, but are fragile and short in service life, and superfine short fibers fall off in the using process and drift into the air, so that the skin or respiratory system diseases can be caused by the contact of people, and even cancers can be possibly suffered. The use of such materials is now banned in many countries and it also gradually fades out of the sound absorbing material market. The organic foam material is a porous material which is prepared by taking resin or rubber as a matrix, adding a small amount of auxiliary materials and heating and foaming. The material has the advantages of light weight, heat insulation, corrosion resistance, sound absorption, shock resistance and the like, but the organic foam material has poor flame retardant property, low strength and low safety, and further development of the material is limited. The inorganic foam material has the advantages of good sound absorption performance, light weight, no softening after water absorption, good flame retardant effect, recyclable waste material and the like. Meanwhile, the defects of complex preparation process, high cost and low use strength exist, and the use value is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems of low strength and poor mechanical property of the existing sound absorption material, the preparation method of the high-strength composite sound absorption material is provided.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

(1) respectively weighing 100-120 parts of polyurethane foam material, 50-60 parts of lignin fiber, 20-24 parts of basalt fiber, 10-12 parts of alumina whisker, 5-6 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of vinyl trimethoxy silane, 1-3 parts of glycerol, 3-5 parts of stearic acid, 1-3 parts of azodicarbonamide and 0.1-0.3 part of antioxidant 1010;

(2) putting a polyurethane foam material, lignin fibers, basalt fibers, alumina whiskers, citric acid, vinyl trimethoxy silane, glycerol, stearic acid, azodicarbonamide and an antioxidant 1010 into a high-speed stirrer, and stirring and mixing at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 1000-1200 r/min for 20-30 min to obtain a mixture;

(3) placing the mixture into a double-roller open mill, carrying out open milling at 60-80 ℃, and plasticizing to obtain open-milled sheets;

(4) and (3) placing the open-mill sheet into a plate vulcanizing machine, pressurizing to 2-4 MPa at 180-220 ℃, pressing for 8-10 min, and cooling at normal temperature to obtain the high-strength composite sound absorbing material.

The average length of the lignin fiber in the step (1) is 0.2-0.4 mm, and the average length of the basalt fiber is 0.4-0.6 mm.

The preparation steps of the alumina whisker in the step (1) are as follows:

(1) respectively weighing 10-20 parts of aluminum nitrate, 16-32 parts of urea, 2-4 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 4-8 parts of polyethylene glycol and 120-240 parts of deionized water according to parts by weight;

(2) adding aluminum nitrate and urea into 1/2 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 160-200 r/min for 10-20 min to obtain an aluminum ion solution;

(3) adding sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and polyethylene glycol into the residual 1/2 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 200-240 r/min for 10-20 min at normal temperature to obtain an additive solution;

(4) dropwise adding the additive water solution into the aluminum ion solution, and stirring at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 250-300 r/min for 2-4 h to obtain a mixed solution;

(5) pouring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction for 4-8 h, and cooling at normal temperature to obtain a reactant;

(6) washing the reactant with deionized water for 3-5 times, and drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 1-2 h to obtain boehmite powder;

(7) and (3) placing the boehmite powder in a muffle furnace, heating to 1300-1400 ℃ at normal temperature, carrying out heat preservation and calcination for 40-60 min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the alumina whisker.

And (4) the dropping rate of the additive water solution in the step (4) is 10-20 mL/min.

The hydrothermal reaction in the step (5) is carried out at the temperature of 180-200 ℃ and the pressure of 20-40 MPa.

The heating rate in the step (7) is 5 ℃/min.

The specific preparation steps of the polyurethane foam material in the step (1) are as follows:

(1) respectively weighing 30-40 parts of sucrose, 20-30 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 2-4 parts of deionized water, 0.1-0.3 part of dibutyltin diacetate, 0.5-1.5 parts of fatty glyceride and 0.3-0.5 part of polybutadiene in parts by weight;

(2) adding deionized water, dibutyltin diacetate, fatty glyceride and polybutadiene into sucrose, stirring at a high speed of 500-600 r/min for 2-4 min in a water bath at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, and standing at a heat preservation speed to obtain a combined material;

(3) quickly adding isophorone diisocyanate into the combined material, stirring at a high speed of 1800-2000 r/min for 8-10 s in a water bath at 30-40 ℃ to obtain a mixed material, pouring the mixed material into a mold, foaming for 4-8 min, and taking out to obtain a polyurethane foam material;

the specification of the die in the step (3) is 60cm multiplied by 40 cm.

Compared with other methods, the method has the beneficial technical effects that:

the high-strength composite sound absorption material is prepared by taking a polyurethane foam material as a base material and adding alumina whiskers, basalt fibers and lignin fibers, wherein isocyanate is a very active chemical substance and can react with a plurality of groups along with the crosslinking reaction of the isocyanate in the synthesis process of the polyurethane foam. In the synthesis process of polyurethane foam, a plurality of crosslinking reactions occur, the crosslinking agent has high functionality and high crosslinking reaction speed, the crosslinking density of the obtained polyurethane foam is higher, the tensile strength of the polyurethane foam is high, the microstructure of the sound-absorbing material can be improved by the doping of basalt fibers and lignin fibers, the two fibers can be effectively dispersed in the sound-absorbing material, a large number of fibers distributed in a mixed direction form a complex three-dimensional system in the sound-absorbing material, the strength of the sound-absorbing material can be effectively improved, when the sound-absorbing material is acted by external force, the basalt fibers and the lignin fibers can absorb the acting force, when the length of a micro-crack is larger than the distance of the fibers, the fibers can span the crack to play a role of a bridge for transmitting load, so that a stress field in the material is more uniform and continuous, the stress concentration at the tip of the micro-crack is passivated, and the further expansion of, when the length of the microcracks is smaller than the distance between the fibers, the fibers force the cracks to change the direction or cross the fibers to form a finer crack field, and the energy consumption of the microcrack expansion is obviously increased, so that the aims of thinning the cracks and improving the strength of the sound absorption material are fulfilled; the addition of the alumina whisker can further improve the strength of the sound absorption material, when the whisker receives an external acting force, the whisker bridged inside the material can generate an acting force to force the crack to close, thereby achieving the effect of consuming some external forces to do work, increasing the toughness and the strength of the material, when the crack is diffused to the whisker from the surface of the material, the diffusion direction of the crack can be changed, the crack is diffused along the whisker due to the dissociation of the whisker and the material, the area of the formed new surface is increased, and the crack can be within the critical dimension, thereby strengthening the material.

Detailed Description

Respectively weighing 30-40 parts of sucrose, 20-30 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 2-4 parts of deionized water, 0.1-0.3 part of dibutyltin diacetate, 0.5-1.5 parts of fatty glyceride and 0.3-0.5 part of polybutadiene according to parts by weight, adding the deionized water, the dibutyltin diacetate, the fatty glyceride and the polybutadiene into the sucrose, stirring at a high speed of 500-600 r/min for 2-4 min in a water bath at 30-40 ℃, keeping the temperature and standing to obtain a combined material, quickly adding the isophorone diisocyanate into the combined material, stirring at a high speed of 1800-2000 r/min for 8-10 s in a water bath at 30-40 ℃ to obtain a mixed material, pouring the mixed material into a mold with the specification of 60cm x 40cm, foaming for 4-8 min, and taking out to obtain a polyurethane foam material;

respectively weighing 10-20 parts by weight of aluminum nitrate, 16-32 parts by weight of urea, 2-4 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 4-8 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol and 120-240 parts by weight of deionized water, adding the aluminum nitrate and the urea into 1/2 parts by weight of deionized water, stirring at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 160-200 r/min for 10-20 min to obtain an aluminum ion solution, adding the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the polyethylene glycol into the rest 1/2 parts by weight of deionized water, stirring at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 200-240 r/min for 10-20 min to obtain an additive solution, dropwise adding the additive aqueous solution into the aluminum ion solution at the speed of 10-20 mL/min, stirring at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 250-300 r/min for 2-4 h to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out a hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 180-200 ℃ and the pressure of 20-40 MPa for, cooling at normal temperature to obtain a reactant, washing the reactant with deionized water for 3-5 times, placing the reactant in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for drying for 1-2 hours to obtain boehmite powder, placing the boehmite powder in a muffle furnace, heating to 1300-1400 ℃ at the normal temperature at the speed of 5 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation and calcination for 40-60 min, and cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the alumina whisker;

then respectively weighing 100-120 parts of polyurethane foam material, 50-60 parts of lignin fiber with the average length of 0.2-0.4 mm, 20-24 parts of basalt fiber with the average length of 0.4-0.6 mm, 10-12 parts of alumina whisker, 5-6 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, 1-3 parts of glycerol, 3-5 parts of stearic acid, 1-3 parts of azodicarbonamide and 0.1-0.3 part of antioxidant 1010 according to parts by weight, placing the polyurethane foam material, the lignin fiber, the basalt fiber, the alumina whisker, the citric acid, the vinyltrimethoxysilane, the glycerol, the stearic acid, 1-3 parts of azodicarbonamide and 0.1-0.3 part of antioxidant 1010 into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing at the normal temperature of 1000-1200 r/min for 20-30 min to obtain a mixture, placing the mixture into a double-roller open mill, carrying out open milling at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, plasticizing to form sheets to obtain open-milled sheets, putting the open-milled sheets in a flat vulcanizing machine, pressurizing to 2-4 MPa at 180-220 ℃, pressing for 8-10 min, and cooling at normal temperature to obtain the high-strength composite sound absorbing material.

Example 1

Respectively weighing 30 parts of sucrose, 20 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 2 parts of deionized water, 0.1 part of dibutyltin diacetate, 0.5 part of fatty glyceride and 0.3 part of polybutadiene according to parts by weight, adding the deionized water, the dibutyltin diacetate, the fatty glyceride and the polybutadiene into the sucrose, stirring at a high speed of 500r/min for 2min in a water bath at 30 ℃, preserving heat and standing to obtain a combined material, quickly adding the isophorone diisocyanate into the combined material, stirring at a high speed of 1800r/min for 8s in a water bath at 30 ℃ to obtain a mixed material, pouring the mixed material into a mold with the specification of 60cm × 60cm × 40cm, foaming for 4min, and taking out to obtain a polyurethane foam material;

respectively weighing 10 parts of aluminum nitrate, 16 parts of urea, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 4 parts of polyethylene glycol and 120 parts of deionized water according to parts by weight, adding the aluminum nitrate and the urea into 1/2 parts of deionized water by weight, stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 160r/min at normal temperature to obtain an aluminum ion solution, adding the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the polyethylene glycol into the rest 1/2 parts of deionized water by weight, stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 200r/min at normal temperature to obtain an additive solution, dropwise adding the additive aqueous solution into the aluminum ion solution at the speed of 10mL/min, stirring for 2h at the rotating speed of 250r/min at normal temperature to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 4h under the conditions of 180 ℃ and 20MPa, cooling at normal temperature to obtain a reactant, washing the reactant for 3 times by using the deionized water, drying in a drying oven at 80 ℃ for 1h to obtain boehmite powder, placing the boehmite powder in a muffle furnace, heating to 1300 ℃ at the normal temperature at the speed of 5 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation and calcination for 40min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the alumina whisker;

then respectively weighing 100 parts of polyurethane foam material, 50 parts of lignin fiber with the average length of 0.2mm, 20 parts of basalt fiber with the average length of 0.4mm, 10 parts of alumina whisker, 5 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, 1 part of glycerol, 3 parts of stearic acid, 1 part of azodicarbonamide and 0.1 part of antioxidant 1010 according to parts by weight, putting the polyurethane foam material, the lignin fiber, the basalt fiber, the alumina whisker, the citric acid, the vinyltrimethoxysilane, the glycerol, the stearic acid, the azodicarbonamide and the antioxidant 1010 into a high-speed mixer, stirring and mixing at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 1000r/min for 20min to obtain a mixture, putting the mixture into a double-roller open mill, carrying out open milling at the temperature of 60 ℃, plasticizing to obtain an open sheet, putting the open sheet into a flat plate vulcanizing machine, pressurizing to 2MPa at the temperature of 180 ℃, pressing for 8min, and cooling at normal temperature to obtain the high-strength composite sound-absorbing material.

Example 2

Respectively weighing 35 parts of sucrose, 25 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 3 parts of deionized water, 0.2 part of dibutyltin diacetate, 1 part of fatty glyceride and 0.4 part of polybutadiene according to parts by weight, adding the deionized water, the dibutyltin diacetate, the fatty glyceride and the polybutadiene into the sucrose, stirring at a high speed of 550r/min for 3min in a water bath at 35 ℃, preserving heat and standing to obtain a combined material, quickly adding the isophorone diisocyanate into the combined material, stirring at a high speed of 1900r/min in a water bath at 35 ℃ for 9s to obtain a mixed material, pouring the mixed material into a mold with the specification of 60cm × 60cm × 40cm, foaming for 6min, and taking out to obtain a polyurethane foam material;

respectively weighing 15 parts of aluminum nitrate, 24 parts of urea, 3 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 6 parts of polyethylene glycol and 180 parts of deionized water according to parts by weight, adding the aluminum nitrate and the urea into 1/2 parts of deionized water by weight, stirring for 15min at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 180r/min to obtain an aluminum ion solution, adding the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the polyethylene glycol into the rest 1/2 parts of deionized water by weight, stirring for 15min at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 220r/min to obtain an additive solution, dropwise adding the additive aqueous solution into the aluminum ion solution at the speed of 15mL/min, stirring for 3h at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 275r/min to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 6h under the conditions of 190 ℃ and 30MPa, cooling at the normal temperature to obtain a reactant, washing the reactant for 4 times by using the deionized, drying in a drying oven at 90 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain boehmite powder, placing the boehmite powder in a muffle furnace, heating to 1350 ℃ at the normal temperature at the speed of 5 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation and calcination for 50min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain alumina whiskers;

then respectively weighing 110 parts of polyurethane foam material, 55 parts of lignin fiber with the average length of 0.3mm, 22 parts of basalt fiber with the average length of 0.5mm, 11 parts of alumina whisker, 5.5 parts of citric acid, 4 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, 2 parts of glycerol, 4 parts of stearic acid, 2 parts of azodicarbonamide and 0.2 part of antioxidant 1010 according to parts by weight, putting the polyurethane foam material, the lignin fiber, the basalt fiber, the alumina whisker, the citric acid, the vinyltrimethoxysilane, the glycerol, the stearic acid, the azodicarbonamide and the antioxidant 1010 into a high-speed mixer, stirring and mixing at the rotating speed of 1100r/min for 25min at normal temperature to obtain a mixture, putting the mixture into a double-roller open mill, carrying out open milling at 70 ℃, plasticizing to obtain an open sheet, putting the open sheet into a flat plate vulcanizing machine, pressurizing to 3MPa at 200 ℃, pressing for 9min, and cooling at normal temperature to obtain the high-strength composite sound-absorbing material.

Example 3

Respectively weighing 40 parts of sucrose, 30 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 4 parts of deionized water, 0.3 part of dibutyltin diacetate, 1.5 parts of fatty glyceride and 0.5 part of polybutadiene, adding the deionized water, the dibutyltin diacetate, the fatty glyceride and the polybutadiene into the sucrose, stirring at a high speed of 600r/min for 4min in a water bath at 40 ℃, preserving heat and standing to obtain a combined material, quickly adding the isophorone diisocyanate into the combined material, stirring at a high speed of 1800-2000 r/min for 10s in a water bath at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed material, pouring the mixed material into a mold with the specification of 60cm x 40cm, foaming for 8min, taking out to obtain a polyurethane foam material;

respectively weighing 20 parts of aluminum nitrate, 32 parts of urea, 4 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8 parts of polyethylene glycol and 240 parts of deionized water according to parts by weight, adding the aluminum nitrate and the urea into 1/2 parts of deionized water by weight, stirring for 20min at the rotating speed of 200r/min at normal temperature to obtain an aluminum ion solution, adding the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the polyethylene glycol into the rest 1/2 parts of deionized water by weight, stirring for 20min at the rotating speed of 240r/min at normal temperature to obtain an additive solution, dropwise adding the additive aqueous solution into the aluminum ion solution at the speed of 20mL/min, stirring for 4h at the rotating speed of 300r/min at normal temperature to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 8h under the conditions of 200 ℃ and 40MPa, cooling at normal temperature to obtain a reactant, washing the reactant for 5 times by using the deionized water, drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 2h to obtain boehmite powder, placing the boehmite powder in a muffle furnace, heating to 1400 ℃ at the normal temperature at the rate of 5 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation and calcination for 60min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain alumina whiskers;

respectively weighing 120 parts of polyurethane foam material, 60 parts of lignin fiber with the average length of 0.4mm, 24 parts of basalt fiber with the average length of 0.6mm, 12 parts of alumina whisker, 6 parts of citric acid, 5 parts of vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3 parts of glycerol, 5 parts of stearic acid, 3 parts of azodicarbonamide and 0.3 part of antioxidant 1010, putting the polyurethane foam material, the lignin fiber, the basalt fiber, the alumina whisker, the citric acid, the vinyltrimethoxysilane, the glycerol, the stearic acid, the azodicarbonamide and the antioxidant 1010 into a high-speed mixer, stirring and mixing at the normal temperature at the rotating speed of 1200r/min for 30min to obtain a mixture, putting the mixture into a double-roller open mill, carrying out open milling at the temperature of 80 ℃, plasticizing to obtain an open-milled sheet, putting the open-milled sheet into a flat plate vulcanizing machine, pressurizing to 4MPa at the temperature of 220 ℃, pressing for 10min, and cooling at normal temperature to obtain the high-strength composite sound-absorbing material.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a high-strength composite sound absorption material is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:

2. The method for preparing the high-strength composite sound absorption material according to claim 1, wherein the average length of the lignin fibers in the step (1) is 0.2-0.4 mm, and the average length of the basalt fibers is 0.4-0.6 mm.

3. The method for preparing the high-strength composite sound absorption material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the alumina whiskers in the step (1) comprises the following steps:

4. The preparation method of the high-strength composite sound absorption material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dropping rate of the additive aqueous solution in the step (4) is 10-20 mL/min.

5. The method for preparing a high-strength composite sound absorption material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hydrothermal reaction in step (5) is carried out at a temperature of 180-200 ℃ and a pressure of 20-40 MPa.

6. The method for preparing a high-strength composite sound absorption material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature rise rate in the step (7) is 5 ℃/min.

7. The method for preparing a high-strength composite sound absorption material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyurethane foam material of step (1) is prepared by the following steps:

(3) and (2) quickly adding isophorone diisocyanate into the combined material, stirring at a high speed of 1800-2000 r/min for 8-10 s in a water bath at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain a mixed material, pouring the mixed material into a mold, foaming for 4-8 min, and taking out to obtain the polyurethane foam material.

8. The method for preparing a high-strength composite sound absorption material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mold size in step (3) is 60cm x 40 cm.