CN112159292A - High-water-solubility compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-water-solubility compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers, and particularly relates to a high-water-solubility compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-water-solubility compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30-45 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-8 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1-8 parts of potassium fulvate. The compound fertilizer prepared by using urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and potassium fulvate as raw materials selects substances with extremely high water solubility as the raw materials, so that the produced compound fertilizer has the characteristic of high water solubility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers, and particularly relates to a high-water-solubility compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The compound fertilizer has more nutrient elements, and can supply more than two main nutrient elements for crops at the same time by applying the compound fertilizer once. For example, ammonium phosphate does not contain any useless accessory ingredients, and the anions and the cations of the ammonium phosphate are main nutrient elements absorbed by crops. The fertilizer has uniform nutrient distribution, and compared with powdery or crystalline unit fertilizers, the granulated fertilizer has compact structure, uniform nutrient release and stable and long fertilizer efficiency.
Traditional compound fertilizer adopts insoluble materials such as clay etc. to increase material viscidity and carries out the granulation in the granulation process more, therefore compound fertilizer need adopt the manual work to apply it under the soil of planting the crop in the use, is difficult to adopt modes such as drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation to fertilize, and the insoluble material in the compound fertilizer can lead to the shower nozzle to block up. And the modern drip irrigation, spray irrigation and foliar fertilization modes are adopted, the water and fertilizer are applied simultaneously, and the water and fertilizer integration is realized by using the water and fertilizer, so that the fertilizer absorption rate can be obviously improved, and the labor cost can be greatly saved. The drip irrigation system usually adopts a water-soluble fertilizer with good water solubility and no residue at present, but the effect duration after the water-soluble fertilizer is applied is shorter, and the drip irrigation system is only suitable for the fertilizer-requiring peak period in the crop growth period and is mainly used as the additional fertilizer for crops. Therefore, a high water-soluble compound fertilizer which can simultaneously take quick-acting and long-acting effects is needed.
Chinese patent with publication No. CN101993268B discloses a selenourea-formaldehyde roller granulation compound fertilizer and a production method thereof, urea-formaldehyde, potassium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, sodium selenite pentahydrate, water and ash are used as raw materials, and the roller granulation method is adopted to prepare the compound fertilizer, so that the compound fertilizer has the effects of high hardness and long fertilizer efficiency time. However, the raw materials of the compound fertilizer contain ash and more insoluble substances, and the compound fertilizer is mainly used as a slow-release fertilizer and has slower fertilizer efficiency.
A Chinese patent with an issued number of CN103664301B discloses a tower-type melt granulation water-soluble fertilizer containing potassium fulvate major elements and a preparation method thereof, wherein 490 parts of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 170 parts of potassium nitrate, 304 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 6 parts of boric acid, 7.7 parts of EDTA chelated iron, 3.3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 4 parts of EDTA chelated manganese and 15 parts of potassium fulvate are adopted as raw materials, and the water-soluble fertilizer containing the potassium fulvate is prepared by adopting a tower-type melt granulation method. The method for granulating the tower-type melt needs to melt the raw materials and then granulate the raw materials, and the melted raw materials in the tower body can be completely scrapped if an accident happens in the production process, so that the production cost is increased; and the potassium fulvate is added into the molten urea in the tower type melt granulation device and can foam, which is not beneficial to the formation of fertilizer granules.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high water-solubility compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which have high water solubility and can simultaneously take effect of quick-acting and long-acting effects into consideration.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30-45 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-8 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1-8 parts of potassium fulvate.
The invention is further provided with: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of urea, 11 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 35.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1.5 parts of potassium fulvate.
The invention is further provided with: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 21.5 parts of urea, 9 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 41 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 4 parts of potassium fulvate.
The invention is further provided with: the raw materials also comprise 0.1-0.3 part of plant nutrient solution by weight.
The invention is further provided with: the raw material also comprises urea phosphate.
A preparation method of a high water-solubility compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, system cleaning: the system is comprehensively stirred and cleaned by water-soluble raw materials;
s2, mixing: putting urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and potassium fulvate into a mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, granulating: putting the uniformly mixed materials into a drum granulator for granulation, and adding plant nutrient solution into the drum granulator to mix with the materials to form compound fertilizer granules;
s4, drying: and (5) cooling, coating and screening the compound fertilizer granules obtained in the step (S2) to obtain a finished product of the compound fertilizer granules.
The invention is further provided with: the water-soluble raw material in the step S1 is ammonium sulfate or monoammonium phosphate.
The invention is further provided with: and the cleaning time in the step S1 is 8-10 h.
The invention is further provided with: in the coating process of the step S4, a water-soluble anti-caking agent is used as coating powder, and the dosage of the coating powder is 1.5-2 kg/t.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the compound fertilizer prepared by using urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and potassium fulvate as raw materials selects substances with extremely high water solubility as the raw materials, so that the produced compound fertilizer has the characteristic of high water solubility.
2. The raw materials are reasonable in proportion, and the effects of improving the content of organic matters in soil, stimulating the growth of root systems, adjusting the growth and development of crops to achieve stable yield and yield increase, improving the quality, enhancing the stress resistance of the crops, helping the crops resist cold and drought, improving the yield of the crops and stabilizing the quality of the crops can be achieved.
3. The potassium fulvate is used as a pure natural mineral active potassium element fertilizer, is rich in various nutrient components such as trace elements, rare earth elements, plant growth regulators, virus inhibitors and the like, can supplement nutrients lost in soil in time, is a good raw material of a compound fertilizer, and can provide multiple nutrient components for plants by adding the potassium fulvate and plant nutrient solution in the compound fertilizer.
4. The fulvic acid potassium belongs to organic substances, has the effect of increasing the viscosity of materials, is granulated together with inorganic compound fertilizer raw materials, is beneficial to forming compound fertilizer particles, does not need to add insoluble granulating agents such as clay and the like and adhesives, and can control the insolubility rate of the compound fertilizer to be below 1 percent.
5. The excessive potassium fulvate is added into the compound fertilizer, so that flocculent precipitate is easy to produce, and the adding amount of the potassium fulvate in the invention can reach a lower insoluble rate while ensuring that the compound fertilizer can form particles, so that no precipitate is generated after the compound fertilizer is dissolved; in the process of roller granulation, plant nutrient solution is added, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the compound fertilizer can be further enhanced, and the viscosity of the plant nutrient solution is beneficial to compound fertilizer granulation.
6. The compound fertilizer produced by the invention can be applied to various fertilization scenes, the insolubility rate can be maintained below 1% after dilution, the compound fertilizer can be applied to drip irrigation and spray irrigation, manual fertilization is not needed, and the labor cost is saved; the fertilizer is directly applied to the leaf surfaces of crops in a sprinkling irrigation mode, so that the fertilizer absorption rate can be improved; the compound fertilizer produced by the invention has the advantages of both compound fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer.
7. Before fertilizer production, the water-soluble raw materials are adopted to clean the system for a certain time, so that residues in the system can be effectively removed, the high cleanness of the production environment is ensured, insoluble substances adhered to the system are prevented from being mixed into the fertilizer, and the insolubility rate of the finished fertilizer can be effectively reduced.
8. The invention adopts a drum granulator for granulation, can fully mix all raw materials, and the viscosity of the potassium fulvate and the plant nutrient solution in the drum granulator can enable inorganic raw materials to be adhered to each other, thereby obtaining compound fertilizer granules with excellent quality; the potassium fulvate is added into the molten urea in the tower type melt granulation equipment and can foam, but the potassium fulvate does not foam in the drum type granulator, so that the potassium fulvate can be fully mixed with other raw materials in the drum type granulator, the raw materials are granulated, and high-quality compound fertilizer granules are formed.
9. The drum-type granulator is a most widely applied granulating device in a fertilizer factory, the process is mature, the raw materials and the method can be used for producing the potassium fulvate-containing compound fertilizer with high water solubility, the popularization is easy, new equipment does not need to be purchased, and the production cost is low.
10. The urea phosphate is added into the raw materials, so that the strength of the particles can be improved, the water solubility is good, and the dissolving efficiency of the compound fertilizer particles can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows the length of rape roots and the height of tomato plants under the action of different fertilizers;
FIG. 2 shows the yield of rape and tomatoes under different fertilizers;
FIG. 3 shows Vc contents of rape and tomato under different fertilizer effects.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the examples will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high water-solubility compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, system cleaning: the system is comprehensively stirred and cleaned for 8 hours by adopting an ammonium sulfate raw material;
s2, mixing: putting 30 parts of urea, 11 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 35.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.5 parts of potassium fulvate and urea phosphate into a mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s3, granulating: putting the uniformly mixed materials into a drum granulator for granulation, and adding 0.3 part of plant nutrient solution into the drum granulator to mix with the materials to form compound fertilizer particles;
s4, drying: and (4) cooling, coating and screening the compound fertilizer granules obtained in the step (S2) to obtain a compound fertilizer granule finished product, wherein a water-soluble anti-caking agent is used as coating powder in the coating process, and the dosage of the coating powder is 1.5 kg/t.
Example 2
A preparation method of a high water-solubility compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, system cleaning: adopting monoammonium phosphate raw materials to comprehensively stir and clean the system for 10 hours;
s2, mixing: putting 21.5 parts of urea, 9 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 41 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 4 parts of potassium fulvate and urea phosphate into a mixer to be uniformly mixed;
s3, granulating: putting the uniformly mixed materials into a drum granulator for granulation, and adding 0.1 part of plant nutrient solution into the drum granulator to mix with the materials to form compound fertilizer particles;
s4, drying: and (4) cooling, coating and screening the compound fertilizer granules obtained in the step (S2) to obtain a compound fertilizer granule finished product, wherein a water-soluble anti-caking agent is used as coating powder in the coating process, and the dosage of the coating powder is 2 kg/t.
Test method
The production was carried out in accordance with the method of example 1-2, and the insoluble content of the produced compound fertilizer granules was measured by sampling every 2 hours. The compound fertilizer granules in the embodiment 2 are adopted to plant rape and tomatoes, common fertilizers with the raw materials of urea, 55% of monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are adopted, nitro fertilizers with the raw materials of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 68% of monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are used as fertilizers to plant the rape and the tomatoes, the root length, the yield and the Vc content of the rape cultivated by the three fertilizers are detected, and the plant height, the yield and the Vc content of the tomatoes are detected.
Method for detecting water-insoluble substance
The production was carried out according to the method of example 1-2, and the produced compound fertilizer granules were sampled every 2 hours for insoluble rate detection by the following method:
1. weighing, namely weighing 50g of sample and placing the sample in a 2L beaker, wherein each group comprises two parallel samples;
2. dissolving, measuring 1L of water by using a measuring cylinder, adding the water into a beaker, diluting by 20 times, stirring for dissolving for 20min, and standing for 30 min;
3. filtering, performing vacuum filtration, selecting 11 cm-diameter rapid filter paper (numbering and drying each filter paper, and weighing with an analytical balance), recording the mass sum M1 of the filter paper used by each sample, placing in a Buchner funnel with a diameter of 9cm, and performing vacuum filtration;
4. drying, namely putting the filter paper into a vacuum drying oven, setting the temperature at 75 ℃, and drying for 1 h;
5. weighing, taking out the dried powder from the oven, placing the dried powder in a dryer, waiting for 15min to cool to room temperature, placing the cooled powder in an analytical balance, and weighing M2;
6. calculated,% insolubility ═ M2-M1)/50 × 100%.
The results of the test of example 1 are shown in table 1 below:
the experimental results of example 2 are shown in table 2 below:
as can be seen from tables 1 and 2, after the compound fertilizer particles prepared by the methods in the examples 1 and 2 are diluted by 1:20 times, the insolubility rate is below 1%, which meets the requirement of drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation on insolubility rate.
Example 2, results of experiments on the cultivation of oilseed rape and tomatoes with common fertilizers and nitro fertilizers are shown in fig. 1-3 below.
As can be seen from fig. 1-3, the compound fertilizer in example 2 has obvious advantages over the common fertilizer and the nitro fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer in example 2 can promote the root growth of rape, promote the growth of tomato plants, and improve the yield of rape and tomatoes, and the Vc content in the mature rape and tomatoes can also be obviously increased.
Claims (9)
1. A high water-solubility compound fertilizer is characterized in that: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30-45 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-8 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1-8 parts of potassium fulvate.
2. The high water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of urea, 11 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 35.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1.5 parts of potassium fulvate.
3. The high water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 21.5 parts of urea, 9 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 41 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 4 parts of potassium fulvate.
4. The high water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the raw materials also comprise 0.1-0.3 part of plant nutrient solution by weight.
5. The high water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the raw material also comprises urea phosphate.
6. The method for preparing a high water-soluble compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, system cleaning: the system is comprehensively stirred and cleaned by water-soluble raw materials;
s2, mixing: putting urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and potassium fulvate into a mixer, and uniformly mixing;
s3, granulating: putting the uniformly mixed materials into a drum granulator for granulation, and adding plant nutrient solution into the drum granulator to mix with the materials to form compound fertilizer granules;
s4, drying: and (5) cooling, coating and screening the compound fertilizer granules obtained in the step (S2) to obtain a finished product of the compound fertilizer granules.
7. The method for preparing a high water-soluble compound fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein: the water-soluble raw material in the step S1 is ammonium sulfate or monoammonium phosphate.
8. The method for preparing a high water-soluble compound fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein: and the cleaning time in the step S1 is 8-10 h.
9. The method for preparing a high water-soluble compound fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein: in the coating process of the step S4, a water-soluble anti-caking agent is used as coating powder, and the dosage of the coating powder is 1.5-2 kg/t.
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Application publication date: 20210101 |