CN1121563C - 汽车转向轴的等速万向节 - Google Patents

汽车转向轴的等速万向节 Download PDF

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CN1121563C
CN1121563C CN99803924A CN99803924A CN1121563C CN 1121563 C CN1121563 C CN 1121563C CN 99803924 A CN99803924 A CN 99803924A CN 99803924 A CN99803924 A CN 99803924A CN 1121563 C CN1121563 C CN 1121563C
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universal joint
ball
axle sleeve
axle
ball bowl
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CN1292853A (zh
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G·霍伊特施
C·卢茨
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ThyssenKrupp Presta AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/30Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected in which the coupling is specially adapted to constant velocity-ratio
    • F16D3/32Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected in which the coupling is specially adapted to constant velocity-ratio by the provision of two intermediate members each having two relatively perpendicular trunnions or bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0652Construction or details of the socket member combined with a damper other than elastic linings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/22Vibration damping
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/905Torque transmitted via radially extending pin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32713Elastomerically biased or backed components
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种汽车转向轴等速万向节,其中球(5)装在导向轴套(11)中。该导向轴套(11)弹性地可动地设置,以补偿公差和磨损率并确保万向节的平滑运转。

Description

汽车转向轴的等速万向节
本发明涉及一种汽车转向轴的等速万向节。
已知的等速万向节结构例如是双接头万向节,其带有布置在两个万向节十字头之间的万向球接头。在这种已知的双接头万向节结构中,两个万向节十字头分别与一个叉在两个轴端绕一个万向节十字头轴线可动地连接,而绕另一个万向十字头轴线可动地连接在一个连接壳体上。通过两个轴端在连接壳体内部的铰接实现对中,该连接壳体由位于一个轴端的金属万向节球和位于另一个轴端的万向节球啮入的同样是金属的圆柱形球窝构成。连接壳体在其内部构成一空腔,该空腔为对中的铰接提供了自由空间,并且其大小与两个轴端相对连接轴线的最大角度偏差相匹配。两个万向节十字头的端部或轴颈被相应地支承以获得良好的灵活性,例如用设置在叉臂的孔内或者连接壳体内的滚动轴承。具有其八个支承位置的万向球接头轴承和中央的球轴承要求很高的精度,以便能保证双接头万向节的灵活性。两个轴线在翻转平面内的轻微偏移会导致卡在某一位置,这就大大损害了灵活性。此外也会导致不希望的磨损现象。为了限制这种缺点,必须相应地特别精确地制造轴承,这就造成制造费用很高。另一种降低该问题的可能性在于,在万向接头轴承的轴颈部位用橡胶弹性材料作衬垫,使得轴承可通过这样所能达到的轻微的弹簧活动性而相对制造公差调节,同时具有振动阻尼作用。如果要求结构尺寸很小,则减少从两个直至全部八个万向接头轴颈的橡胶弹性轴承,从而在实践中费用高昂。
本发明的任务是,提出一种转向轴等速万向节,其中消除了现有技术中的缺点。该任务尤其是实现一种等速万向节,其除了灵活性外,还安装简单,制造成本经济,并对制造公差不敏感。
本发明提出汽车转向轴等速万向节,带有抗扭地连接在万向节内的轴端,其中这些轴端在各万向节中,可动地支承在一个连接两个万向节的壳体内,该轴端在两个万向节之间通过万向球接头相互连接,使得一轴端上的球在另一轴端内的支承可绕其中点转动、可沿另一轴端的轴线滑动,球在球碗中弹性支承,其特征在于,球碗内有一个轴套并至少部分地包围轴套,在球碗和轴套之间设置有弹性材料。
根据本发明,可动地连接两个轴端的球碗设计成有弹力的或者弹性的。这使得制造成本非常经济,因为公差补偿只须通过弹性轴承一次实现。
在一个轴端的球最好这样支承在另一个轴端的球碗内,使得球碗设计成滑动轴套,该轴套圆柱形包围球体。通过在轴套和球碗之间设置弹性材料,最好是肖氏硬度在30至80肖(shore)范围内的橡胶弹性材料,轴套本身被弹性支承。通过选择肖氏硬度在30至60肖范围内,可获得轴套的良好弹性自由度。
在位于轴端的例如钵状的球碗和最好具有圆形横截面的滑动轴套之间的弹性材料,可设计成型以确定有利的弹性偏转。有利的是,圆柱形部分的外壁最好设计成波浪形。
球在其中滑动并旋转的滑动轴套用滑动轴承材料制造,其中这种轴套也可以具有滑动涂层。但特别合适的是带有套筒的用烧结金属制成的轴套。
轴套本身应这样实施,使得它与球体一起形成无间隙的轴承。这是通过滑动轴套以一定预应力从而无间隙地弹性靠接在球体上来实现。在滑动轴套的外壁上的一条开缝使得滑动轴套可以径向呼吸(通气)。以此方式,不仅吸收了例如球直径的径向公差,而且通过弹性轴套轴承补偿了轴线的公差偏移。此外通过弹性抵消,补偿了磨损率。
另一种优选实施例是,塑料导向装置装在万向节球上,然后该塑料导向装置在滑动轴套内或圆柱形球碗内自己滑动。在这种情况下,可以不用特殊的轴承材料制造轴套或者球碗。甚至可以取消轴承轴套,则固定在球体上的塑料件直接在球碗套筒内滑动。这样就可以取消弹性支承的轴套。
此外,在尤其如前述形式的双接头万向节结构中,重要的是在安装万向节时有一个导向装置,该导向装置以合适的方式装配万向球接头,此外在万向节的极限位置即非正常工作状态,出于安全考虑而设置一个确定的止挡。这可以通过连接壳体在内部带有相应环形止挡面的相应设计来限定。应注意,尤其是承载弹性支承的轴套的球碗在极限位置首先靠接到止挡上,然后才是万向节球装到第二止挡面上。因此,首先在未装配状态,保证了止挡在极限位置受到缓冲。止挡限定的这种形式对本发明的弹性万向球接头轴承特别有利,但也可以优选在另一种双接头万向节中不使用弹性的万向球接头轴承。
对于双接头万向节结构也可以采用其它实施结构作万向节。如果要求例如特别高的灵活性和均匀移动,则等速万向节最好各带有一个万向接头,又称同动力万向节(homokinetisches Gelenk),尤其是同步固定接头(Gleichlauf-Festgelenk)。在两个与壳体连接的接头之间,又设置有带弹性轴承的万向球接头,由此轴端通过两个接头可拐弯运动地被支承。同步固定接头例如制造成Lhr & Bromkamp GmbH公司,DE 6050 Offenbach,的Lbro-接头。
下面借助实施例参考示意图进一步描述本发明。图示为:
图1是根据本发明的转向轴双接头万向节实施例的示意截面图,
图2是根据本发明的转向轴双接头万向节另一实施例的示意截面图,其换位90°并带有限制偏移的止挡机构,
图3a是带有波浪形橡胶弹性材料的轴承轴套横截面,
图3b是根据图3a的带有弹性材料的轴套侧视图,
图4是根据本发明的带有塑料滑动导向装置的转向轴双接头万向节的一种变型的示意截面图,
图5a是处于未装配状态的塑料滑动导向装置的示意截面图,
图5b是处于未装配状态的塑料滑动导向装置的示意纵断面,
图6a是处于装配状态的塑料滑动导向装置的示意横截面,
图6b是处于装配状态的塑料滑动导向装置的示意纵断面,
图1和2中示出了根据本发明的转向轴双接头万向节的横截面。该万向节由一个连接壳体8或管状双联叉8构成,其中可动地支承设置两个万向节十字头9。带有轴线3的轴端1和2通过支承在万向节十字头9上的叉4和6、通过球5与球碗7可铰接移动地连接。
球碗7设计成滑动轴套形式或者容纳一个圆柱形滑动轴套,其或者涂覆有滑动材料如抗摩擦金属,或者由一种滑动材料如最好是带套筒的烧结金属构成。为了相应地能够适当补偿公差,该轴套11相对球碗7弹性支承。该支承是这样实现的,即在滑动轴套11和球碗7之间备有一种弹性材料12,最好是橡胶弹性材料。该橡胶弹性材料也可以造型为例如波浪形,以便进一步确定弹簧位移。这种材料最好由肖氏硬度在30至80肖范围的弹性体制成,其中在30至60肖范围内可获得特别好的结果。
图2中示出了旋转90°的万向节横截面,其中示出了在轴端1和2上的万向节叉4和6。如前所述,这些万向节叉在位于例如为管状的壳体8上的十字接头9内可动地支承。在壳体8的中间内部示出了端部止挡13和14,该止挡设计成环形凸起并对万向节的装配很有利,同时用作在万向节极限端部位置的安全止挡。止挡面13和14的结构应使球碗7在极限位置相对球5首先接触到止挡13以限制移动。
在图3a中示出横截面、在图3b中示出侧视图的滑动轴套11,最好沿其纵向轴线通过一槽15中断,使得轴套能够径向通风并以预应力匹配到球体上。由此可以实现轴套无间隙地在球5上旋转和/或滑动。槽15不仅可以沿纵向或螺旋形设置,也可以以其它中断壁的方式设置。图中示出了例如是波浪形结构的弹性体12的横截面,其在确定轴承弹性偏移的尺寸时允许另一个自由度。同样也可以是其它形式,如条纹状。
图4中示出了补偿间隙的另一种优选可能形式的横截面。可在球碗7—这里设计为滑动轴套30-内滑动的塑料导向装置37在其外壁部位备有塑料弹簧39,该塑料弹簧使得可以无间隙地滑动。该弹簧39最好与塑料导向装置37用一单块制造出,其中弹簧最好这样开槽40,使其能够径向通风,并补偿公差地靠接在摆动导向装置的内面。
塑料滑动导向装置37在图5中详细示出,图中示出的是未装配状态。图5a示出带有展开的弹簧39的导向装置37横截面,该弹簧39以其弹性作用通过预应力实现公差补偿。导向装置37可以在中间与附加的弹簧唇37,1进一步弹性固定在万向节球上。该环形弹簧39在部分周向这样开槽,使得可以在径向弹性移动地呼吸。根据图5b示出了展开的塑料弹簧39的纵断面。图6a和6b示出了滑动导向装置37及弹簧39的横截面和纵断面。这里弹簧37靠在设计成轴套的球碗7,30上,消除了缝隙A,补偿了公差。在这种实施例中,可以取消弹性轴承的滑动轴套11,塑料滑动导向装置37直接在圆柱形轴套形式的球碗中滑动。

Claims (13)

1.汽车转向轴等速万向节,带有抗扭地连接在万向节内的轴端(1,2),其中这些轴端在各万向节(9)中,可动地支承在一个连接两个万向节(9)的壳体(8)内,该轴端(1,2)在两个万向节之间通过万向球接头(5,7)相互连接,使得一轴端(2)上的球(5)在另一轴端(1)内的支承可绕其中点转动、可沿另一轴端(2)的轴线(3)滑动,球(5)在球碗(7)中弹性支承(11,37),其特征在于,球碗(7)内有一个轴套(11)并至少部分地包围轴套,在球碗和轴套之间设置有弹性材料(12)。
2.如权利要求1所述的万向节,其特征在于,弹性材料(12)至少在一个壁面上呈波浪形。
3.如权利要求1所述的万向节,其特征在于,弹性材料(12)是弹性体。
4.如权利要求3所述的万向节,其特征在于,弹性材料(12)的肖氏硬度为在30至80范围内。
5.如权利要求1-4之一所述的万向节,其特征在于,轴套(11)用烧结金属制成。
6.如权利要求5所述的万向节,其特征在于,轴套(11)带有套筒。
7.如权利要求1-4之一所述的万向节,其特征在于,轴套(11)具有滑动涂层。
8.如权利要求1-4之一所述的万向节,其特征在于,轴套(11)这样开槽(15),使得其在径向可弹性移动。
9.如权利要求1-4之一所述的万向节,其特征在于,轴套(11)在每个工作位置都补偿磨损和公差]、且无间隙地1包围球(5)。
10.如权利要求1-4之一所述的万向节,其特征在于,轴套(11)设计为塑料滑动导向装置(37),使得该装置可转动地容纳球(5),并由球碗(7)在轴向可滑动地导向,弹性材料(12)设计为包围塑料滑动导向装置(37)的塑料弹簧(39),该弹簧(39)在球碗(7)中滑动。
11.如权利要求10所述的万向节,其特征在于,该弹簧(39)在其周向上具有槽(40),使得弹簧在沿径向弹性移动。
12.如权利要求1-4之一所述的万向节,其特征在于,在壳体(8)的内壁上设置用于球(5)和球碗(7)的止挡机构(13,14)。
13.如权利要求12所述的万向节,其特征在于,止挡机构(13,14)设计为,球(5)和球碗(7)在所有万向节极限偏移和装配情况下都限定在规定的允许的位置,并在止挡情况下,首先球碗(7)、然后球(5)进行接触。
CN99803924A 1998-01-19 1999-01-13 汽车转向轴的等速万向节 Expired - Fee Related CN1121563C (zh)

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WO1999036707A1 (de) 1999-07-22
US6692363B1 (en) 2004-02-17
DE59909689D1 (de) 2004-07-15
US6800032B2 (en) 2004-10-05
JP2002509227A (ja) 2002-03-26
CN1292853A (zh) 2001-04-25
JP4289792B2 (ja) 2009-07-01
US20030228920A1 (en) 2003-12-11
ES2220032T3 (es) 2004-12-01
EP1047883B1 (de) 2004-06-09
BR9907028A (pt) 2000-10-17
EP1047883A1 (de) 2000-11-02

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