CN112153965A - GIP elevation inhibitor - Google Patents

GIP elevation inhibitor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112153965A
CN112153965A CN201980034277.7A CN201980034277A CN112153965A CN 112153965 A CN112153965 A CN 112153965A CN 201980034277 A CN201980034277 A CN 201980034277A CN 112153965 A CN112153965 A CN 112153965A
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mannitol
gip
food
increase
inhibition
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高村亮宏
古贺义隆
桥爪浩二郎
森卓也
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/047Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. sorbitol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/30Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
    • A23L29/37Sugar alcohols
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/125Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/14Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/02Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system

Abstract

Disclosed is a GIP increase inhibitor which is useful as a pharmaceutical, a food or the like. The GIP-increase inhibitor contains mannitol as an active ingredient.

Description

GIP elevation inhibitor
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a GIP-increase inhibitor.
Background
GIP (Gastric inhibitory peptide) or Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) is one of the gastrointestinal hormones belonging to the glucagon secretin family. GIP is secreted from K cells present in the small intestine by the ingestion of lipids or sugars, promotes insulin secretion in islet β cells, and enhances the uptake of sugars or lipids in adipose tissues. GIP is also known to have an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion or an inhibitory effect on gastric motility (non-patent documents 1 to 3). Furthermore, mice deficient in GIP receptor show an increase in energy metabolism compared with wild-type mice (non-patent document 4). It is reported that fatigue is difficult to escape due to a decrease in energy metabolism (patent document 1).
Therefore, it is considered that inhibition of GIP increase is effective for promoting digestion after meal, improving appetite, enhancing energy metabolism, preventing or improving obesity, and resisting fatigue.
As a substance inhibiting GIP function, 3-bromo-5-methyl-2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyrimidin-7-ol (BMPP) has been known through studies so far, and guar gum and the like have been known as a substance inhibiting postprandial GIP secretion (patent document 2, non-patent documents 5 to 10). In recent years, (Pro3) GIP has been known as a GIP receptor antagonist. However, these substances are not sufficient in terms of safety or effect.
On the other hand, mannitol has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on co-aggregation of oral bacteria (patent document 3), and a vascular endothelial cell proliferation promoting effect (patent document 4).
However, there is no report on the relationship between mannitol and GIP secretion.
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2007-308468
Patent document 2: international publication No. 01/87341
Patent document 3: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2005-232057
Patent document 4: japanese laid-open patent publication No. H06-025001
Non-patent document 1: brown JC et al Canadian J Physiol Pharmacol.1969,47:113-
Non-patent document 2: falko JM et al, J Clin Endocrinol Metab.1975,41:260-
Non-patent document 3: gen-seng, hypo-sensitivity, digestive tract function and morbidity in 1981, Chinese and foreign medicine society, P205-216
Non-patent document 4: miyawaki K et al, Nat med.2002jun; 8(7):738-742
Non-patent document 5: gagenby S J et al, Diabet med.1996apr; 13(4):358-64
Non-patent document 6: ellis PR et al, Br J nurr.1995 oct; 74(4):539-56
Non-patent document 7: simoes NunesC et al, Reprod nurr dev.1992; 32(1):11-20
Non-patent document 8: morgan LM et al, Br J Nutr.1990Jul; 64(1):103-10
Non-patent document 9: requejo F et al, Diabet Med.1990Jul; 7(6):515-20
Non-patent document 10: morgan et al, Br J Nutr.1985 May; 53(3):467-75
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides the following.
(1) A GIP increase inhibitor contains mannitol as effective component.
(2) A food for inhibiting GIP increase contains mannitol as effective component.
(3) A stomach food retention improving agent contains mannitol as effective component.
(4) A food for improving food retention in stomach contains mannitol as effective component.
(5) An energy metabolism promoting agent contains mannitol as effective component.
(6) A food for enhancing energy metabolism contains mannitol as effective component.
(7) An antifatigue agent contains mannitol as effective component.
(8) An antifatigue food contains mannitol as effective component.
(9) Use of mannitol for the manufacture of a GIP-increase inhibitor.
(10) Use of mannitol for producing a food for inhibiting GIP-increase.
(11) Use of mannitol for the manufacture of a gastric indigestion improving agent.
(12) Use of mannitol in the manufacture of a food for improving appetite.
(13) Use of mannitol for the manufacture of a hyperkinetic agent of energy metabolism.
(14) Use of mannitol for producing a food for enhancing energy metabolism.
(15) Use of mannitol for the manufacture of an anti-fatigue agent.
(16) Use of mannitol for the manufacture of an anti-fatigue food product.
(17) Mannitol for use in the inhibition of GIP-increase.
(18) Mannitol for use in improving appetite.
(19) Mannitol for use in enhancing energy metabolism.
(20) Mannitol for use in anti-fatigue.
(21) Non-therapeutic use of mannitol for inhibiting GIP-increase.
(22) Non-therapeutic use of mannitol for improving gastronomy.
(23) Non-therapeutic use of mannitol for enhancing energy metabolism.
(24) Non-therapeutic use of mannitol for combating fatigue.
(25) A GIP-increase inhibition method comprising administering mannitol to a subject or allowing the subject to ingest.
(26) A method of improving appetite, comprising administering to or allowing ingestion by a subject mannitol.
(27) A method of enhancing energy metabolism comprising administering mannitol to a subject or allowing ingestion by a subject.
(28) An anti-fatigue method comprising administering mannitol to a subject or allowing ingestion by a subject.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the GIP-rise inhibitory effect of D-mannitol (single-feed test). A) Is the transition of GIP concentration in blood, B) is the area under the curve of GIP concentration in blood up to 120 minutes after administration.
Detailed Description
The present invention relates to a GIP-increase inhibitor that can be used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and the like.
When the present inventors studied a material capable of controlling the increase of GIP, it was found that mannitol inhibits the increase of GIP.
The GIP-increase inhibitor of the present invention is useful as a pharmaceutical, food, or the like having an excellent GIP-increase inhibitory effect and high safety.
In the present specification, "mannitol" is a sugar alcohol of mannose, also referred to as mannitol. D-mannitol is preferred as mannitol for use in the present invention.
Mannitol may be a chemically synthesized substance or an extract from natural materials. D-mannitol is a substance widely distributed in the plant kingdom such as brown algae, vegetables, celery, mushrooms, molds (aspergillus), and the like, and can be easily extracted from mannan (mannan) of a plant or kelp, for example. Industrially, D-glucose or invert sugar is subjected to electrolytic reduction or contact reduction under an alkaline condition, epimerization (epimerization), reduction, and impurity removal to obtain the D-glucose or invert sugar.
In the present invention, commercially available products (e.g., "mannitol" (and Wako pure chemical industries)) can also be used.
As shown in the examples described later, mannitol has a significant GIP-increase inhibitory effect. Therefore, mannitol can be used as a GIP-increase inhibitor and can also be used for producing a GIP-increase inhibitor. In addition, the inhibition of GIP increase brings about the following effects: since mannitol suppresses acceleration of insulin secretion in islet β cells and acceleration of ingestion of saccharides or lipids in adipose tissues, suppresses inhibition of gastric acid secretion and inhibition of gastric motility (non-patent documents 1 to 3 described above), accelerates energy metabolism (non-patent document 4 described above), and reduces fatigue (patent document 1 described above), mannitol is useful as a digestion-promoting or gastrophagia-improving agent after meal, an agent for improving gastric acid secretion ability, an agent for promoting energy metabolism, and an anti-fatigue agent, and can be used for producing these agents.
In addition, mannitol can be used for inhibiting GIP increase, improving appetite, enhancing energy metabolism, and relieving fatigue. The use herein may be in a human or non-human animal or a subject derived therefrom, and may be therapeutic or non-therapeutic. Further, "non-therapeutic" is a concept that does not include medical action, that is, a concept that does not include a method of performing surgery, treatment, or diagnosis on a human, and more specifically, a concept that does not include a method of performing surgery, treatment, or diagnosis on a human by a physician or a human receiving an instruction from a physician.
In the present invention, "GIP-increase inhibition" means inhibition of increase in GIP secreted from K cells present in the small intestine due to intake of food containing lipids and sugars, and preferably inhibition of increase in GIP secreted from K cells present in the small intestine due to intake of food containing a high content of lipids. That is, the term "GIP-increase inhibition" as used herein preferably means inhibition of GIP-increase after meal. In addition, the "GIP-increase inhibitory action" in the present specification is a concept including a GIP secretion inhibitory action of inhibiting GIP increase by inhibiting GIP secretion from K cells and a GIP reducing action of inhibiting GIP increase by reducing the blood GIP concentration.
In the present invention, the "GIP-increase inhibiting effect" can be judged on the basis of an effect of inhibiting GIP increase caused by food intake containing lipids and saccharides, and preferably, on the basis of an effect of inhibiting GIP increase caused by food intake containing a high content of lipids. For example, the amount of GIP secreted from blood in a test group that ingested food containing any of lipids and carbohydrates, preferably the amount of GIP secreted from blood in a test group that ingested food containing a high amount of lipids, is compared with the amount of GIP secreted from blood in a control group that ingested food containing any of lipids and carbohydrates, preferably with the amount of GIP secreted from blood in a control group that ingested food containing a high amount of lipids. When the decrease in the amount of GIP secretion in blood is determined in the test group as compared with the control group, it can be evaluated that the test substance has a GIP increase inhibitory effect. In the evaluation, it is not always necessary to use a statistical method, but it is preferable to examine and evaluate the presence or absence of a statistically significant difference.
The GIP-increase inhibitor, the agent for improving appetite, the agent for promoting energy metabolism, and the anti-fatigue agent (hereinafter, also referred to as "GIP-increase inhibitor and the like") of the present invention exhibit various effects such as inhibition of GIP increase, promotion of digestion after meal, improvement of appetite, gastric acid secretion ability, enhancement of energy metabolism, and anti-fatigue, and are useful as pharmaceuticals, quasi-pharmaceuticals, and foods for human or animals, and are also useful as materials or preparations used in combination with the pharmaceuticals, quasi-pharmaceuticals, and foods.
The food product includes a food product, a functional display food, a specific health food, a food for patients, and a health food, which are designed to show the concept of promotion of digestion after meals, accumulation of food in the stomach, improvement of gastric acid secretion ability, promotion of energy metabolism, and fatigue resistance as required.
When the GIP-increase inhibitor of the present invention or the like is used as a pharmaceutical (including a quasi-pharmaceutical), the pharmaceutical can be administered by any administration method. Examples of administration include oral administration by tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups, and the like, or parenteral administration by injections, suppositories, inhalants, transdermal absorbents, external preparations, and the like, and oral administration is a preferred mode.
In order to prepare pharmaceutical preparations in various dosage forms, the mannitol of the present invention may be used alone, or other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, binders, fillers, disintegrants, surfactants, lubricants, dispersants, buffers, preservatives, flavors, film-coatings, carriers, diluents, and the like may be appropriately combined and used.
When the GIP-increase inhibitor of the present invention or the like is used as a food, the form of the food may be the same as that of the above-mentioned orally administrable preparation (e.g., tablet, capsule, syrup, etc.) except for various food compositions such as bread, cake, noodle, cake, jelly, frozen food, ice cream, dairy product, beverage, etc.
For the preparation of various forms of foods, mannitol can be used alone, or other food materials or solvents, softeners, oils, emulsifiers, preservatives, perfumes, stabilizers, colorants, antioxidants, humectants, thickeners, and the like can be used in appropriate combination.
When the GIP-increase inhibitor or the like of the present invention is used as a pharmaceutical, quasi-pharmaceutical, or food product, or a preparation used in combination with the pharmaceutical, quasi-pharmaceutical, or food product, the mannitol content is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, and preferably 100% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.1 to 100% by mass, more preferably 1 to 20% by mass.
The dose amount or intake amount of the GIP-increase inhibitor and the like of the present invention may vary depending on the condition, body weight, sex, age, or other factors of the subject, but in the case of oral administration or intake, mannitol is preferably 0.003g or more, more preferably 0.03g or more, and preferably 4g or less, more preferably 3g or less per day for an adult. Further, the amount of the compound is preferably 0.003 to 4g per day, more preferably 0.3 to 3g per day.
The GIP-increase inhibitor and the like of the present invention are preferably administered or ingested at the time of ingestion/feeding or before ingestion/feeding, and particularly preferably administered or ingested within 5 to 30 minutes before ingestion/feeding. The subject to be administered or ingested is preferably a human having a GIP value of 30pg/mL or more in the blood of the fasting state or a basal secretion amount of 30 mL/hr or less in the gastric secretion function test. Further, a person who needs postprandial digestion promotion, a person who needs gastric retention or improvement in gastric acid secretion ability, a person who has decreased energy metabolism, a patient who has fatigue symptoms (fatigue symptoms in the whole body, weakness, low fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, muscle pain, weakness, a disorder related to the head or concentration, depression symptoms, sleep disorders, and the like), a person who is suspected of fatigue symptoms, or the like is preferable.
The present invention also discloses the following embodiments of the present invention.
< 1 > a GIP-increase inhibitor comprising mannitol as an active ingredient.
< 2 > a food for inhibiting GIP-increase, which comprises mannitol as an active ingredient.
Less than 3 is a stomach food retention improving agent which takes mannitol as an effective component.
< 4 > a food for improving gastric indigestion, which comprises mannitol as an active ingredient.
Less than 5 is an energy metabolism promoting agent which takes mannitol as an effective component.
< 6 > a food for enhancing energy metabolism, which comprises mannitol as an active ingredient.
Less than 7 is an antifatigue agent containing mannitol as effective component.
< 8 > an anti-fatigue food containing mannitol as an active ingredient.
Use of < 9 > mannitol for the manufacture of a GIP-increase inhibitor.
Use of < 10 > mannitol for the manufacture of a food for inhibiting GIP-increase.
Use of < 11 > mannitol for the manufacture of a gastric indigestion improver.
Use of < 12 > mannitol for the manufacture of a food product for improving gastric feeding.
Use of < 13 > mannitol for the manufacture of a hyperkinetic agent of energy metabolism.
Use of < 14 > mannitol for the manufacture of a food product for enhancing energy metabolism.
Use of < 15 > mannitol for the manufacture of an anti-fatigue agent.
Use of < 16 > mannitol for the manufacture of a food product for fatigue resistance.
< 17 > a mannitol which is used for the inhibition of GIP-increase.
< 18 > a mannitol for use in improving appetite.
< 19 > a mannitol for use in treating hypermetabolism of energy.
< 20 > a mannitol, for use in antifatigue.
< 21 > the (non-therapeutic) use of mannitol for inhibiting GIP-increase.
< 22 > the (non-therapeutic) use of mannitol for improving gastric indigestion.
< 23 > use of mannitol (non-therapeutic) for enhancing energy metabolism.
< 24 > the (non-therapeutic) use of mannitol for combating fatigue.
< 25 > a method for inhibiting GIP-increase, which comprises administering mannitol to a subject or allowing the subject to ingest it.
< 26 > a method for improving gastronomy, which comprises administering mannitol to a subject or allowing the subject to ingest it.
< 27 > a method for enhancing energy metabolism, which comprises administering mannitol to a subject or allowing the subject to ingest it.
< 28 > an anti-fatigue method comprising administering mannitol to a subject or allowing ingestion by a subject.
< 29 > in < 1 >, < 2 >, < 9 >, < 10 >, < 17 >, < 21 >, < 25 >, the inhibition of the increase in GIP is an inhibition of the increase in GIP caused by the intake of food containing lipids and saccharides, preferably an inhibition of the increase in GIP caused by the intake of food containing high lipid content.
Examples
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1 GIP elevation inhibitory Effect of D-mannitol (Single-feed test)
(1) Method of producing a composite material
Powder feeds having compositions shown in the following tables were prepared using D-mannitol (manufactured by kao corporation) as test samples.
[ Table 1]
Powdered feed composition (quality)
High fat food group (HF) D-mannitol group
Corn oil 35.0 35.0
Sucrose 13.0 13.0
Casein protein 20.0 20.0
Cellulose, process for producing the same, and process for producing the same 4.0 4.0
Mineral substance 3.5 3.5
Vitamin preparation 1.0 1.0
Potato starch 23.5 23.5
D-mannitol 8.0
In total 100 108.0
Powder feed (table 1) was measured in such a manner that calories were equal in each group in mice (C57BL/6J, CLEA Japan, male, 10 weeks old, n ═ 10) that had been eaten for 18 hours or more, and 200mg and 216mg of D-mannitol were ingested in the high fat diet (HF) group during 30 minutes of free feeding. In addition, the calorie derived from D-mannitol was converted to 0. Blood was collected from the eye socket under isoflurane anesthesia (heparin-treated hematocrit micro-blood collection tube, manufactured by VITREX) before and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the test powder sample was fed, and GIP in the blood was measured. GIP was determined by ELISA (Rat/Mouse GIP (total) ELISA (millipore)).
(2) Results
The change in GIP concentration in blood with time is shown in fig. 1A, and the area under the relative GIP blood concentration-time curve (AUC: area under the curve) up to 120 minutes is shown in fig. 1B.
Values are shown as mean ± standard deviation. For statistically significant differences between groups, Student's t-test (p < 0.05) was performed relative to the HF groups.
In comparison with the HF group, the GIP concentration in blood 30 minutes after sample uptake was significantly low in D-mannitol group (fig. 1A). The area under the curve of GIP concentration up to 120 min after sample uptake compared to the control group was significantly low in D-mannitol group (fig. 1B).
From this result, it was found that D-mannitol has a GIP increase inhibitory effect.

Claims (33)

1. A GIP-increase inhibitor, wherein,
the GIP-increase inhibitor contains mannitol as an active ingredient.
2. A food for inhibiting GIP increase, wherein,
the food for inhibiting GIP increase contains mannitol as effective component.
3. A stomach food retention improving agent, wherein,
the agent for improving food retention in stomach contains mannitol as effective component.
4. A food for improving food retention in stomach, wherein,
the food for improving the gastric retention comprises mannitol as an active ingredient.
5. A hyperkinetic agent for energy metabolism, wherein,
the energy metabolism promoting agent contains mannitol as effective component.
6. A food for enhancing energy metabolism, wherein,
the food for enhancing energy metabolism contains mannitol as an active ingredient.
7. An anti-fatigue agent, wherein,
the antifatigue agent contains mannitol as effective component.
8. An anti-fatigue food, wherein,
the anti-fatigue food contains mannitol as an active ingredient.
9. The agent according to claim 1 or the food product according to claim 2,
the GIP-increase inhibition is inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake containing lipids and sugars, and preferably inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake with a high lipid content.
10. Use of mannitol for the manufacture of a GIP-increase inhibitor.
11. Use of mannitol for producing a food for inhibiting GIP-increase.
12. Use of mannitol for the manufacture of a gastric indigestion improving agent.
13. Use of mannitol in the manufacture of a food for improving appetite.
14. Use of mannitol for the manufacture of a hyperkinetic agent of energy metabolism.
15. Use of mannitol for producing a food for enhancing energy metabolism.
16. Use of mannitol for the manufacture of an anti-fatigue agent.
17. Use of mannitol for the manufacture of an anti-fatigue food product.
18. The use according to claim 10 or 11,
the GIP-increase inhibition is inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake containing lipids and sugars, and preferably inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake with a high lipid content.
19. Mannitol having the formula (I) wherein,
the mannitol is used for inhibiting GIP-increase.
20. Mannitol having the formula (I) wherein,
the mannitol is used for improving appetite.
21. Mannitol having the formula (I) wherein,
the mannitol is used in treating hypermetabolism of energy.
22. Mannitol having the formula (I) wherein,
the mannitol is used in antifatigue.
23. The mannitol according to claim 19,
the GIP-increase inhibition is inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake containing lipids and sugars, and preferably inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake with a high lipid content.
24. Non-therapeutic use of mannitol for inhibiting GIP-increase.
25. Non-therapeutic use of mannitol for improving gastronomy.
26. Non-therapeutic use of mannitol for enhancing energy metabolism.
27. Non-therapeutic use of mannitol for combating fatigue.
28. The use according to claim 24, wherein,
the GIP-increase inhibition is inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake containing lipids and sugars, and preferably inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake with a high lipid content.
29. A method for inhibiting the increase in GIP, wherein,
the GIP-increase inhibition method comprises administering mannitol to a subject or allowing the subject to ingest.
30. A method for improving food retention in stomach, wherein,
the method for improving gastronomy comprises administering mannitol to a subject or allowing the subject to ingest it.
31. A method for enhancing energy metabolism, wherein,
the method for enhancing energy metabolism comprises administering mannitol to a subject or allowing the subject to ingest the mannitol.
32. A method for resisting fatigue, wherein,
the anti-fatigue method comprises administering mannitol to a subject or allowing the subject to ingest.
33. The method of claim 29, wherein,
the GIP-increase inhibition is inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake containing lipids and sugars, and preferably inhibition of GIP-increase caused by food intake with a high lipid content.
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