CN112151967B - Luneberg lens antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Lunberg lens antenna. The antenna includes: a feed line array, the feed line array includes at least two feed sources arranged linearly, and the total length of the feed line array is not It is greater than the preset number times of the diameter of the Luneberg lens, and the preset number is less than 1; the array extension direction of the feed line array is the same as the beam direction to be optimized; the feed line array is connected to the signal through a combiner source. By applying the embodiment of the present invention, the side lobe level of the Lunberg lens antenna can be reduced.

Description

A Lunberg lens antenna

technical field

The invention relates to a Luneberg lens antenna and a device, more specifically to a Luneberg lens antenna.

Background technique

The basic shape of the Luneburg lens antenna is a sphere, and the Luneburg lens antenna includes a Luneburg lens and a feed source arranged on the Luneburg lens. A Luneberg lens antenna is a lens antenna that focuses electromagnetic waves to a focal point through a dielectric. It is a sphere made of dielectric material that can focus electromagnetic waves coming from all directions to a corresponding point on the surface of the lens. In the part infinitely close to the surface of the sphere, the dielectric constant of the material is 1, which is the same as that of air; the dielectric constant at the center of the sphere is 2, and the dielectric constant of the sphere from the surface to the center is gradual. .

Lunberg lens antennas are generally designed for specific target incident electromagnetic waves. The incident electromagnetic wave of the target penetrates the surface of the sphere, and then refracts and focuses on the focus on the other side of the sphere. Different electromagnetic wave signals have different incident directions, and the focus positions converged on the sphere are also different. Therefore, when the Lunberg lens antenna is a complete sphere, the angle and azimuth of the receiving signal are wide. Simply move the position of the feed source along the surface of the lens, or place multiple feed sources, and receive multiple signals at the same time without changing The location of the lens antenna. Based on a similar principle, the Longbo lens antenna can be used as a signal transmitting antenna to transmit communication signals.

The sidelobe level of the antenna radiation pattern of the existing Lunberg lens is generally around -15dB, but in many application scenarios, the level of the sidelobe should not be higher than -20dB. Therefore, there are sidelobe levels in the prior art. Level higher technical issues.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a Lunberg lens antenna to solve the technical problem of high side lobe level of the Lunberg lens antenna in the prior art.

The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

An embodiment of the present invention provides a Luneberg lens antenna, the antenna includes: a feed line array, the feed line array includes at least two feed sources arranged linearly, and the total of the feed line array The length is not greater than a preset number times the diameter of the Luneberg lens, and the preset number is less than 1;

The array extension direction of the feed linear array is the same as the beam direction to be optimized;

The feed line array is connected to a signal source through a combiner.

Optionally, the antenna further includes: a Lunberg lens, and the Lunberg lens is spherical;

The extension direction of the straight line formed by the phase center of the feed line array and the spherical center of the Luneberg lens is the same as the signal emission direction of the Luneberg lens antenna.

Optionally, the antenna further includes: a Luneburg lens, the Luneburg lens is partially spherical, and the center of the Luneburg lens is located on the metal reflector;

The electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed line array take the center of the Lunberg lens as the reflection point to transmit signals, and the reflected signal propagation direction is the same as that of the Lunberg lens antenna.

Optionally, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent feed sources in the feed line array is 0.2-0.7λ, where λ is the wavelength of the signal emitted by the Luneberg lens.

Optionally, the feed line array is arranged on the surface of the Lunberg lens.

Optionally, the preset number is a value not greater than 0.2.

Optionally, the feed line array is a linear array.

Optionally, the feed line array is an arc array, and the center of the arc array is the spherical center of the Luneberg lens.

Optionally, at least two feed sources in the feed line array are arranged on a common dielectric plate.

Optionally, the feed sources in the feed line array are respectively arranged on independent dielectric boards.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

By applying the embodiment of the present invention, by setting the feed line array on the Luneberg lens antenna, the level of the side lobe is reduced by using the far-field coherent superposition effect when the feed line array transmits signals.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a Lunberg lens antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a directional diagram of a Lunberg lens antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a directional diagram of a linear array feed source of a Lunberg lens antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Lunberg lens antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the antenna includes: a feed line array 100, and the feed line array 100 includes at least linearly arranged Two feed sources, and the total length of the feed line array 100 is not greater than a preset number times the diameter of the Lunberg lens 200, and the preset number is less than 1;

The array extension direction of the feed linear array 100 is the same as the beam direction to be optimized;

The feed line array 100 is connected to a signal source through a combiner.

In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the antenna further includes: a Lunberg lens 200, and the Lunberg lens 200 is spherical;

The extension direction of the straight line formed by the phase center of the feed line array 100 and the center of the Luneberg lens 200 is the same as the signal emission direction of the Luneberg lens 200 antenna.

Fig. 2 is the directional diagram of a kind of Lunberg lens antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 is the directional diagram of the linear array feed source of a kind of Lunberg lens antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 As shown, the Luneberg lens 200 is spherical, and its diameter is 8.5λ; λ is the wavelength of the signal emitted by the Luneberg lens antenna; the feed line array 100 includes 3 feed sources, and the three feed sources are connected to the signal through a combiner On the source, the signal emitted by the signal source is divided into three routes and output by three feed sources after passing through the combiner.

It should be emphasized that signal combining is a conventional technical means in the field of signal processing.

As shown in Figure 2, the prior art usually uses one of the feed 301-feed 307 included in the feed 300 as the feed, and the sidelobe levels of the feed 301-feed 307 are all about -16dB, and The sidelobe level corresponding to the feed line array 100 is about -25.7dB, which is smaller than the sidelobe levels of the feed 301 -the feed 307 .

As shown in Figure 3, the radiation pattern in the X-axis direction is better shrunk to the main lobe direction.

As shown in Figure 2, the beam width of the feed 301-feed 307 is about 7°, while the beam width of the feed linear array 100 can reach 10°, so the application of the embodiment of the present invention can also make the Lunberg lens Has wider beam coverage.

Applying the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 of the present invention, by setting the feed line array on the Lunberg lens lens antenna, the level of the side lobe is reduced by using the far-field coherent superposition effect when the feed line array transmits signals.

In addition, the optimization of the Luneburg lens antenna is usually the optimization of the Luneburg lens, that is, the Luneburg lens. The optimization of the Luneburg lens needs to ensure that the Luneburg lens has specific physical characteristics in the process of complex mathematical modeling. It is a arduous work, and at the same time, the verification of the theory must be restricted by the existing material preparation and structure manufacturing level. However, the design of the feed structure of the Lunberg lens antenna is mainly based on the existing antenna theory and design foundation, and does not involve complicated theoretical calculations and difficult processing and testing work. Therefore, optimizing the feed structure of the Lunberg lens antenna to optimize the sidelobe level is a simpler and more effective means. By applying the embodiments of the present invention, the optimization process of the Lunberg lens can be simplified.

In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the antenna further includes: a Lunberg lens 200, the Lunberg lens 200 is partially spherical, and the spherical center of the Lunberg lens 200 is located on the metal reflector;

The electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed line array 100 transmits the signal with the center of the Lunberg lens 200 as the reflection point, and the propagation direction of the reflected signal is the same as the signal transmission direction of the Lunberg lens 200 antenna.

In practical applications, the Lunberg lens 200 can be hemispherical, or one-third spherical, or one-fifth spherical; the signal emitted by the feed line array 100 is reflected by the metal reflector set according to the mirror image theory and then emitted.

By applying the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, a Lunberg lens with a non-complete spherical structure can be adapted.

In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the effect of the feed line array 100, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent feed sources in the feed line array 100 is 0.2-0.7λ, wherein, λ is the wavelength of the signal emitted by Lunberg lens antenna 200 .

In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, for the convenience of setting the feed source, the feed line array 100 is arranged on the surface of the Lunberg lens 200 .

In practical applications, the feed source can also be arranged inside the Lunberg lens 200 .

In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the effect of the feed line array 100, that is, reduce the level of side lobes, the preset number is a value not greater than 0.2.

In practical applications, the length of the feed line array 100 is greater than 2.2λ and less than or equal to the diameter of the Luneberg lens 200. Preferably, the length of the feed line array 100 is greater than 2.2λ and less than or equal to the diameter of the Luneberg lens 200. 0.5 times; further preferably, the length of the feed line array 100 is greater than 2.2λ, and less than or equal to 0.2 times the diameter of the Lunberg lens 200 .

In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the feed line array 100 is a linear array.

In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, in order to match the shape of the feed line array 100 with the shape of the Luneberg lens 200, thereby reducing the level of side lobes, the feed line array 100 is arc A linear array, and the center of the arc array is the spherical center of the Lunberg lens 200 .

In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, in order to facilitate setting of feed sources, at least two feed sources in the feed line array are provided with a common dielectric plate.

In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the feed sources in the feed line array 100 are respectively arranged on independent dielectric boards.

In practical applications, the length of the feed line array 100 is not less than half the wavelength of the signal emitted by the Lunberg lens antenna.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (9)

1. A luneberg lens antenna, the antenna comprising: the feed source linear array comprises at least two feed sources which are linearly arranged, the total length of the feed source linear array is not more than the preset number times of the diameter of the luneberg lens, and the preset number is less than 1;

the array extension direction of the feed source linear array is the same as the direction of the wave beam to be optimized;

the feed source linear array is connected to a signal source through a combiner;

the extension direction of a straight line formed by connecting the phase center of the feed source linear array and the spherical center of the luneberg lens is the same as the signal transmission direction of the luneberg lens antenna;

the center distance between two adjacent feed sources in the feed source linear array is 0.2-0.7 lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength of a signal emitted by the luneberg lens.

2. A luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: the luneberg lens is spherical;

the extension direction of a straight line formed by connecting the phase center of the feed source linear array and the center of the luneberg lens is the same as the signal transmission direction of the luneberg lens antenna.

3. The luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, further comprising: the luneberg lens is partially spherical, and the center of the luneberg lens is positioned on the metal reflecting plate;

the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the feed source linear array transmits signals by taking the center of the luneberg lens as a reflection point, and the transmission direction of the reflected signals is the same as the signal transmission direction of the luneberg lens antenna.

4. A luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the linear array of feed elements is disposed on the surface of the luneberg lens.

5. A luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the predetermined number is a value of not more than 0.2.

6. The luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, wherein said linear array of feed elements is a linear array.

7. The luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the linear array of feed sources is an array of arcs, and the center of the array of arcs is the center of the luneberg lens.

8. The luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, wherein at least two of said linear arrays of feed sources are disposed on a common dielectric plate.

9. The luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed sources of the linear array of feed sources are respectively disposed on separate dielectric plates.

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