CN112151830A - Cooling system of fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Cooling system of fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112151830A CN112151830A CN202011059244.9A CN202011059244A CN112151830A CN 112151830 A CN112151830 A CN 112151830A CN 202011059244 A CN202011059244 A CN 202011059244A CN 112151830 A CN112151830 A CN 112151830A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- cell stack
- thermostat
- heat dissipation
- water pipe
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell stack cooling system, which is characterized in that: the cooling liquid circulation loop is formed by a fuel cell stack, a water pump, a fan, a radiator, a heat dissipation water pipe and a plurality of thermostats which are connected through pipelines, wherein a small cooling liquid circulation loop comprises the fuel cell stack, the water pump, the thermostat C and the thermostat A, a large cooling liquid circulation loop comprises the fuel cell stack, the water pump, the thermostat C, the fan, the radiator and the thermostat B, and the thermostat C is further connected with the heat dissipation water pipe and the thermostat D in parallel. The cooling system of the fuel cell stack provided by the invention is divided into small circulation and large circulation, when an automobile runs at low power, the cooling system only radiates heat through a radiator, and when the power of the fuel cell stack is overlarge, a thermostat is started to enable cooling liquid to pass through a designed radiating water pipe, so that the inlet temperature of the stack is ensured to be in a proper range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of whole vehicle thermal management of a full-power fuel cell vehicle, in particular to a fuel cell stack cooling system.
Background
The fuel cell automobile is a new energy automobile driven by hydrogen energy power generation and a motor, and has the outstanding advantages of zero emission, high efficiency, energy conservation, no engine noise and the like. Among them, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are the focus of domestic and foreign research. However, the efficiency of most operating points of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is usually lower than 50%, especially the system efficiency is low under high power, the heat generation amount is often larger than the effective output power, and the heat dissipation amount of the cooling system is larger. Therefore, the heat management system is an important component of the proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell automobile electric pile system, and is an important guarantee for the normal work of the whole automobile power system especially under the working condition that high-power output is needed.
There are three ways in which the fuel cell dissipates thermal power: free convection and radiation around the galvanic pile, heat taken away when the tail gas of the galvanic pile is discharged from the galvanic pile, and heat taken away by cooling liquid circulation. The cooling liquid circulation is the main heat dissipation path of the fuel cell, the heat quantity taken away by the cooling liquid accounts for about 95% of the total heat quantity, and the heat quantity required to be dissipated by a cooling system of a traditional internal combustion engine only accounts for about 30% of the total heat quantity. Meanwhile, the heat dissipation efficiency of the fuel cell automobile cooling system is low. The ideal working temperature of the fuel cell stack is far lower than that of a traditional internal combustion engine (the working temperature of the fuel cell is 60-85 ℃ and the working temperature of the internal combustion engine is 90-105 ℃), and the relatively small temperature difference between the cooling liquid and the ambient temperature obviously reduces the heat dissipation capacity of the radiator. Particularly, in a high-temperature environment in summer, the temperature difference between the cooling medium of the fuel cell stack radiator and the environment is only 20-40 ℃, so that the radiating efficiency of the radiator is greatly reduced, and the radiating working condition is severe.
The invention provides a scheme of a fuel cell stack cooling system, and relates to a structure and arrangement of a fin flat tube type heat dissipation water pipe, which is a technology based on a fuel cell automobile cooling system with higher power.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the problems that: because the prior proton exchange membrane fuel cell automobile has larger heat dissipation capacity, limited arrangement space of an engine front cabin and lower efficiency of a radiator, the structure and the arrangement scheme of the finned flat tube type heat dissipation water pipe are provided for ensuring that a cooling system can take away heat generated by a galvanic pile in time when the cooling system is high in power.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the problems in the prior art is as follows:
a fuel cell stack cooling system, characterized by: the cooling system comprises a fuel cell stack 7, a water pump 6, a fan 9, a radiator 10, a heat dissipation water pipe 5 and a plurality of thermostats which are connected through pipelines, wherein a cooling liquid circulation loop is formed jointly, a small cooling liquid circulation loop comprises the fuel cell stack 7, the water pump 6, the thermostat C3 and the thermostat A1, a large circulation loop comprises the fuel cell stack 7, the water pump 6, the thermostat C3, the fan 9, the radiator 10 and the thermostat B2, and the heat dissipation water pipe 5 and the thermostat D4 are connected to the thermostat C3 in parallel.
The electric pile 7, the fan 9 and the radiator 10 are arranged in a front cabin of an engine, and the heat dissipation water pipe 5 is arranged on a chassis of the automobile.
The pipeline of the heat dissipation water pipe 5 is longitudinally arranged along the advancing direction of the automobile, the front end and the rear end of the heat dissipation water pipe are respectively provided with a collecting pipe 12, a cooling liquid inlet is formed in the rear collecting pipe, and a cooling liquid outlet is formed in the front collecting pipe.
The heat dissipation water pipe 5 is a flat pipe, and fins 14 longitudinally arranged along the length direction of the pipeline are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the flat pipe.
Triangular grooves are formed in the fins 14, so that the heat exchange area of the heat dissipation water pipe is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
A plurality of fins are distributed on the collecting pipe behind the heat dissipation water pipe along the pipe length direction, and the collecting pipe in front of the heat dissipation water pipe is streamline.
Because the fan flow is larger under the full-power working condition, in order to reasonably utilize the fan flow, the flat tube with the special fins is longitudinally arranged under the automobile chassis, and the waste air volume of the fan is utilized for heat dissipation. The cooling system specifically comprises three cycles: when the fuel cell stack is in cold start, in order to ensure that the cooling liquid quickly reaches the working temperature of the stack, the cooling liquid flows through the small circulation loop and does not pass through the radiator; when the fuel cell is in a normal working state, the thermostat of the small circulation loop is closed, and the thermostat of the large circulation loop is opened to enable the cooling liquid to flow through the main radiator and then return to the fuel cell stack; when the fuel cell runs at full power, the thermostat of the heat dissipation water pipe loop is opened, so that the cooling liquid flows through the main radiator and the heat dissipation water pipe and then returns to the fuel cell stack, and the space of the fan and the automobile chassis is utilized to the maximum extent.
The invention has the following advantages:
the cooling system of the fuel cell stack provided by the invention has the advantages that the whole cooling system is divided into a small circulation and a large circulation. The small circulation comprises a fuel cell stack and a radiator, and the large circulation comprises a designed fin flat tube type heat dissipation water pipe, a stack and a radiator. When the automobile runs at low power, the cooling system only radiates heat through the radiator, and when the power of the fuel cell stack is overlarge, the thermostat is started to enable cooling liquid to pass through the designed radiating water pipe, so that the inlet temperature of the stack is ensured to be within a proper range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a stack thermal management system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of heat-dissipating water tubes (fins are uniformly distributed over all water tubes, and the water tube structure is not shown in full for clarity);
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the heat-dissipating water pipe A;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a heat sink water tube;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion B of FIG. 3;
wherein: the system comprises a thermostat A1, a thermostat B2, a thermostat C3, a thermostat D4, a radiating water pipe 5, a water pump 6, a galvanic pile 7, a three-way valve 8, a fan 9, a radiator 10, an air inlet 11, a collecting pipe 12, a collecting pipe fin 13, a collecting pipe fin 14, a fin 15, a front wheel 16, a cooling liquid inlet 17 and a cooling liquid outlet 17.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a cooling system, where the stack cooling system includes a fuel cell stack 7, a main heat sink 10, a thermostat, a water pump 6, a fan 9, a heat dissipation water pipe 5, and the like. Wherein the fuel cell stack 7, the fan 9 and the main radiator 10 are arranged in the front cabin of the engine, and the radiating water pipe 5 is arranged on the chassis of the automobile. When the fuel cell automobile is in cold start, the cooling liquid flows through the fuel cell stack 7, the three-way valve 8 and the thermostat A1 to complete circulation to help the fuel cell to rapidly raise the temperature to the working temperature; when the fuel cell normally operates at medium and low load, the thermostat A1 is closed, the thermostat B2 and the thermostat C3 are synchronously opened, cooling liquid flows through the electric pile 7, the thermostat B2 and the main radiator 10 and then returns to the electric pile 7 for cooling, and at the moment, the thermostat D4 is in a closed state; when the fuel cell is operated at full power, the temperature of the cooling liquid is rapidly increased, and in order to ensure the stability of the operating temperature of the fuel cell, the thermostat C3 is closed and the thermostat D4 is opened, and the cooling liquid flows through the radiator 10, passes through the thermostat D4 and the heat dissipation water pipe 5 arranged on the automobile chassis and then returns to the electric pile 7 to complete the cooling circulation.
The attached figures 2 to 4 are schematic structural diagrams of the heat dissipation water pipe 5 drawn by taking the vehicle head as a front view direction. Most fin tubes for heat dissipation are wound on the outer sides of circular water tubes in a threaded manner, but the heat dissipation water tube designed by the invention is arranged on a chassis, so that the fins of the heat dissipation water tube need to follow the advancing direction of an automobile to reduce air resistance and impurity adsorption. In combination with the cooling system structure designed by the present invention, the circular water pipe needs to be designed as a flat pipe, the fins 14 are arranged longitudinally along the water pipe, and header fins 13 are installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the rear header 12. In order to increase the heat exchange area of the heat dissipation water pipe and improve the heat exchange efficiency, the fins 14 are provided with triangular grooves, and the specific structure of the fins is shown in fig. 5. The collecting pipe positioned at the front part of the automobile is streamline, and the upper side and the lower side of the flat pipe are provided with the radiating fins 14, so that the attachment of impurities is reduced, and the cleaning and the maintenance are convenient.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the fuel cell automobile runs at medium and low load, a cooling system loop is concentrated in an engine compartment, and cooling liquid takes heat away from a fuel cell stack under the driving of a water pump, enters a stack radiator 10 for heat dissipation, and then flows into a stack 7 to complete circulation; when the fuel cell automobile runs at full power, the heat load of the main radiator is overlarge, the radiating efficiency is reduced, and in order to ensure that the temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile is in a proper range, the thermostat of the radiating water pipe loop is opened, so that the cooling liquid enters the radiating water pipe of the automobile chassis from the cooling liquid inlet shown in the attached figure 2. Because the heat dissipation water pipe is two-phase convection heat transfer, in order to improve the heat dissipation efficiency, the heat dissipation water pipe is designed into a parallel water pipe, and cooling liquid flows into a collecting pipe cooling liquid inlet at the tail part of the automobile through the water pipe after flowing through the radiator from the galvanic pile, so as to form convection heat transfer with the flow of the fan and the air of the automobile chassis. The cooling liquid enters a collecting pipe at the front part of the automobile after being cooled by the heat dissipation water pipe and returns to the electric pile from a cooling liquid outlet for heat exchange.
In summary, compared with the traditional fuel cell automobile electric pile heat management system, the heat dissipation water pipe on the automobile chassis is added, and the whole heat management system comprises three cycles. Because the heat dissipated by the fuel cell automobile through the circulation of the cooling liquid accounts for about 95% of the total heat generated by the fuel cell automobile, the traditional heat management system is difficult to cover the working condition when the fuel cell runs at full power, and under the working condition of the full power, a fan consumes a large amount of power and has large air volume, and the traditional heat management system is difficult to utilize the dissipation of the part.
The protective scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is apparent that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A fuel cell stack cooling system, characterized by: the cooling liquid circulation loop is formed by a fuel cell stack, a water pump, a fan, a radiator, a heat dissipation water pipe and a plurality of thermostats which are connected through pipelines, wherein a small cooling liquid circulation loop comprises the fuel cell stack, the water pump, the thermostat C and the thermostat A, a large cooling liquid circulation loop comprises the fuel cell stack, the water pump, the thermostat C, the fan, the radiator and the thermostat B, and the thermostat C is further connected with the heat dissipation water pipe and the thermostat D in parallel.
2. A fuel cell stack cooling system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the electric pile, the fan and the radiator are arranged in a front cabin of the engine, and the heat dissipation water pipe is arranged on an automobile chassis.
3. A fuel cell stack cooling system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the heat dissipation water pipe pipeline is longitudinally arranged along the advancing direction of the automobile, the front part and the rear part of the heat dissipation water pipe are respectively provided with a collecting pipe, a cooling liquid inlet is formed in the rear collecting pipe, and a cooling liquid outlet is formed in the front collecting pipe.
4. A fuel cell stack cooling system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the heat dissipation water pipe is a flat pipe, and fins which are longitudinally arranged along the length direction of the pipeline are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the flat pipe.
5. A fuel cell stack cooling system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the triangular grooves are formed in the ribs to increase the heat exchange area of the heat dissipation water pipe and improve the heat exchange efficiency.
6. A fuel cell stack cooling system according to claim 3, wherein: a plurality of fins are distributed on the collecting pipe behind the heat dissipation water pipe along the pipe length direction, and the collecting pipe in front of the heat dissipation water pipe is streamline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011059244.9A CN112151830A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Cooling system of fuel cell stack |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011059244.9A CN112151830A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Cooling system of fuel cell stack |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112151830A true CN112151830A (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011059244.9A Pending CN112151830A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Cooling system of fuel cell stack |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN112151830A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113258097A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Control method of marine hydrogen fuel cell cooling system |
| CN115064726A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-16 | 西南交通大学 | Phase-change enhanced heat dissipation method for fuel cell |
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2020
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113258097A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Control method of marine hydrogen fuel cell cooling system |
| CN113258097B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-05-20 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Control method of marine hydrogen fuel cell cooling system |
| CN115064726A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-16 | 西南交通大学 | Phase-change enhanced heat dissipation method for fuel cell |
| CN115064726B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-03-08 | 西南交通大学 | Phase change reinforced heat dissipation method for fuel cell |
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Application publication date: 20201229 |
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