CN112147629B - Wide-speed-domain imaging Doppler velocimeter - Google Patents
Wide-speed-domain imaging Doppler velocimeter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide-speed-range imaging Doppler velocimeter which comprises a probe optical module, a light receiving imaging module, a front interference module, a rear low-speed interference module, a rear high-speed interference module and a recording module. By adopting the technical scheme, the wide-speed-domain imaging Doppler velocimeter has the advantages that through designing the front interference module, the rear low-speed interference module and the rear high-speed interference module with unequal arms and combining the polarization probe light and the polarization selection function, high-precision diagnosis from a low-speed process to a high-speed process can be realized in a single generation, the blank of simultaneous measurement of the low-speed process and the high-speed process in the speed measurement field is filled, and important scientific research and economic values are achieved in the fields of high-energy-density physics, celestial body physics, laser inertial confinement fusion and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser interference speed measurement, in particular to a wide-speed-range imaging Doppler velocimeter.
Background
In the high energy density physical research, a material state equation under an extreme pressure condition is researched based on a laboratory condition, and the research on exploring celestial body physical processes such as universe formation, crustal state and the like, and laser inertial confinement fusion research such as loading efficiency, material opacity and the like is an important research means. Under the condition of a laboratory, a laser indirect driving mode is adopted to load a sample, which is one of important modes for generating an ultrahigh pressure state, and the loading modes mainly include impact loading, quasi-isentropic loading and the like according to a loading thermodynamic path. Under the condition of impact loading, obtaining the pressure state of the material by measuring the speed of shock waves generated by loading; and under the condition of quasi-isentropic loading, the pressure state of the material is obtained by measuring the movement speed of the surface of the material. Generally, the shock wave velocity generated by shock loading is high, generally above 5km/s, while the surface movement velocity of the material caused by the quasi-isentropic loading process is low, generally below 5 km/s. At present, a mixed loading mode of quasi-isentropic loading and impact loading is usually adopted internationally to obtain a higher pressure state, but a diagnosis technology capable of carrying out high-precision diagnosis on a high-speed process and a low-speed process at the same time is lacked.
In the field of high energy density physical research, a diagnostic system for high-precision speed measurement mainly comprises a speed interferometer (VISAR) with any reflecting surface and an all-fiber interferometric velocimeter (AFDISAR). Through years of development, the VISAR and the AFDISAR are developed and matured in respective speed measurement fields, and have respective application conditions and advantages and disadvantages. The VISAR belongs to a speed interference type velocimeter, can carry out high-precision diagnosis on the speed history of shock waves in a tiny sample by adopting a high-resolution optical imaging mode, is mainly applied to the characteristic research of laser-driven high-pressure state materials, but is limited by the speed measurement principle, and cannot carry out high-precision diagnosis on the low-speed process; the AFDISAR belongs to a displacement interference type single-point velocimeter, has high sensitivity, is suitable for low-speed diagnosis, and can obtain the uniformity of a speed surface of a sample to be detected through multiple sets of configuration. Because the speed information of the sample to be detected is obtained through the optical fiber array, the spatial resolution is poor, and the method is generally suitable for speed diagnosis of large-size samples such as flyer sheets and the like. The two diagnosis modes have larger difference in principle, optical path structure and application conditions, and are difficult to couple through technical improvement, so that the high-speed and low-speed high-precision diagnosis requirements are met simultaneously.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to design a new doppler velocimeter capable of simultaneously realizing high-precision diagnosis of low-speed and high-speed evolution processes of a sample to be detected in a one-dimensional space.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a wide-speed-range imaging Doppler velocimeter.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a wide-speed-domain imaging Doppler velocimeter is characterized by at least comprising a probe light module, a light receiving imaging module, a front interference module, a rear low-speed interference module, a rear high-speed interference module and a recording module, wherein the light receiving imaging module comprises a first lens L1, a second lens L2, a third lens L3 and an eighth beam splitter BS8, the recording module comprises a first optical fringe camera C1 and a second optical fringe camera C2, a first polaroid P1 is arranged between the probe light module and the front interference module, a second polaroid P2 with the polarization direction perpendicular to that of the first polaroid P1 is arranged between the rear low-speed interference module and the first lens L1, a third polaroid P3 with the polarization direction identical to that of the first polaroid P1 is arranged between the third lens L3 and the rear high-speed interference module, and a first half HWP1 is arranged in one light path of the front interference module, a second half-wave plate HWP2 is arranged in one optical path with a shorter optical path of the rear low-speed interference module, and the first half-wave plate HWP1 and the second half-wave plate HWP2 can rotate the polarization direction of the pulse signal by 90 degrees;
a single pulse signal sent by the probe optical module enters the front interference module after being subjected to polarization selection through the first polaroid P1, the front interference module is divided into two pulse signals with opposite polarization directions, the two pulse signals are imaged on the surface of a sample A through the third lens L3 in a tandem manner, the two pulse signals reflected back from the surface of the sample A are divided into two beams through the eighth beam splitter BS8, the two pulse signals of one beam are imaged on the first optical fringe camera C1 through the rear low-speed interference module, the second polaroid P2 and the first lens L1 in sequence, the other two pulse signals of the other beam are subjected to polarization selection through the third polaroid P3 to leave one pulse signal, and the pulse signals are imaged on the second optical fringe camera C2 through the rear high-speed interference module and the second lens L2 in sequence.
By adopting the structure, the probe optical module provides pulse probe light with the wavelength in a visible light wave band; the light receiving imaging module images the probe light to the surface of the sample to be detected, and collects and images the probe light reflected by the surface of the sample to be detected to the recording module, so that the two-dimensional imaging of the sample to be detected is realized; the preposed interference module is an unequal arm interferometer (the optical path difference of two arms is large, the optical path difference is larger than the pulse width, and the optical path difference is usually ten nanoseconds), and a single probe light pulse is copied into two pulses; the rear low-speed interference module is the same unequal-arm interferometer (the optical path difference of the two arms is large, the optical path difference is larger than the pulse width, and the optical path difference is usually ten nanosecond magnitude), so that the high-precision low-speed diagnosis of the sample to be detected is realized, and the Doppler frequency shift caused by the low-speed movement of the sample is converted into interference fringe movement; the structure of the rear high-speed interference module is similar to that of a conventional VISAR system (the optical path difference of the two arms is small and is smaller than the pulse width, and the optical path difference is usually hundreds of picoseconds), so that the high-precision high-speed diagnosis of a sample to be detected is realized; therefore, high-precision diagnosis of low-speed and high-speed evolution processes of the sample to be detected in one-dimensional space is realized simultaneously.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the probe light module comprises a pulse probe light source generator D, and the synchronizer F is used for controlling the pulse probe light source generator D to emit probe laser, driving a laser generator B to emit main laser for irradiating a sample A, and starting recorded time sequence relation between a first optical stripe camera C1 and a second optical stripe camera C2. By adopting the structure, the device is simple, reliable and easy to realize.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the front-mounted interference module comprises a first reflecting mirror M1, a second reflecting mirror M2, a first beam splitter BS1 and a second beam splitter BS2, a single pulse signal introduced by a first polarizer P1 is divided into two parts by a second beam splitter BS2, a pulse signal transmitted by the second beam splitter BS2 is reflected by the second reflecting mirror M2 and the first beam splitter BS1 in sequence and then emitted to a third lens L3, another pulse signal reflected by the second beam splitter BS2 is reflected by the first reflecting mirror M1 first and then transmitted by the first beam splitter BS1 and emitted to the third lens L3, the optical path difference of the two pulse signals in the front-mounted interference module is larger than the pulse width of the pulse signal, and the polarization direction of the pulse signal with the shorter optical path is rotated by 90 degrees by a first half-wave plate HWP 1. By adopting the structure, the pulse probe light output by the probe light module enters the front interference module after being selectively polarized by the first polaroid P1, the front interference module forms an unequal-arm interference light path, the front interference module outputs a front pulse signal and a rear pulse signal, the polarization direction of the front pulse signal rotates by 90 degrees (before the pulse signal is adjusted to a sample to move), the polarization direction of the rear pulse signal is unchanged (after the pulse signal is adjusted to the sample to move), and the whole structure is simple and reliable and is easy to adjust.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the first half-wave plate HWP1 is disposed between the second mirror M2 and the second beam splitter BS 2. By adopting the structure, the arrangement is easy, and the structure is more compact.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the rear low-speed interference module comprises a third reflector M3, a fourth reflector M4, a third beam splitter BS3 and a fourth beam splitter BS4, a front pulse signal and a rear pulse signal introduced by the eighth beam splitter BS8 are divided into two groups by the third beam splitter BS3, one group of pulse signals transmitted by the third beam splitter BS3 are reflected by the third reflector M3 and the fourth beam splitter BS4 in sequence and then emit to a second polaroid P2, the other group of pulse signals reflected by the third beam splitter BS3 are reflected by the fourth reflector M4 and then transmit to a fourth polaroid P2 by the fourth beam splitter BS4, the optical path difference of the two groups of pulse signals in the rear low-speed interference module is larger than the pulse width of the pulse signals, and the rear pulse signal in the group of pulse signals emitted by the rear low-speed interference module and the front pulse signal in the group of pulse signals emitted by the rear low-speed interference module are generated by the front pulse signal, a group of pulse signals having a shorter optical path length is rotated in polarization direction by 90 ° by the second half-wave plate HWP 2. By adopting the structure, the rear low-speed interference module forms an unequal-arm interference light path, two signals in the middle can interfere through time delay, high-precision diagnosis can be carried out on the low-speed process, and the second polaroid P2 is used for analyzing the deviation, so that no background laser exists in an interference pattern formed by the rear low-speed interference module, and high-contrast interference fringes are obtained.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the second half-wave plate HWP2 is disposed between the fourth mirror M4 and the fourth beam splitter BS 4. By adopting the structure, the arrangement is easy, and the structure is more compact.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the rear high-speed interference module comprises a fifth reflector M5, a sixth reflector M6, a fifth beam splitter BS5 and a sixth beam splitter BS6, a front pulse signal and a rear pulse signal introduced by the eighth beam splitter BS8 are subjected to polarization detection by a third polaroid P3 to leave a pulse signal, the pulse signal is divided into two parts by the fifth beam splitter BS5, the pulse signal transmitted from the fifth beam splitter BS5 is reflected by the fifth reflector M5 and the sixth beam splitter BS6 in sequence and then emitted to a second lens L2, the pulse signal reflected from the fifth beam splitter BS5 is reflected by the sixth reflector M6 and then transmitted by the sixth beam splitter BS6 and then emitted to the second lens L2, and the optical path difference between the two pulse signals in the rear high-speed interference module is smaller than the pulse width of the pulse signal. By adopting the structure, the structure of the rear high-speed interference module is similar to that of the traditional VISAR to form an unequal-arm interferometer, a pulse signal is remained after the detection and the polarization of the pulse signal is analyzed by the third polaroid P3, the polarization direction of the pulse signal is the same as the polarization direction of the pulse signal entering the front interference module after the polarization selection by the first polaroid P1, namely, only one pulse signal carrying the speed change information of the sample A passes through the rear high-speed interference module, and the high-precision diagnosis of the high-speed process is realized.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: an etalon E for increasing an optical path is provided on the fifth mirror M5. By adopting the structure, high-precision diagnosis can be realized aiming at different speed processes by adjusting the thickness of the etalon, and the etalon-driven high-precision diagnosis device is simple and reliable in overall structure and easy to adjust.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: a seventh beam splitter BS7 and a seventh mirror M7 are arranged between the third lens L3, the front interference module and the eighth beam splitter BS8, and an eighth mirror M8 is arranged between the eighth beam splitter BS8 and the third polarizer P3; two pulse signals emitted by the front interference module sequentially pass through a seventh beam splitter BS7, a seventh reflector M7 and a third lens L3 to be imaged on the surface of a sample A, the two pulse signals reflected by the surface of the sample A sequentially pass through the third lens L3, the seventh reflector M7 and the seventh beam splitter BS7 to be emitted to an eighth beam splitter BS8, the eighth beam splitter BS8 is used for dividing the two pulse signals into two groups of pulse signals, one group of pulse signals reflected by the eighth beam splitter BS8 enter a rear low-speed interference module, and one group of pulse signals transmitted by the eighth beam splitter BS8 are reflected by the eighth reflector M8 to be emitted to a third polaroid P3. By adopting the structure, the light path is simple and reasonable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the technical scheme, the wide-speed-domain imaging Doppler velocimeter adopts a brand-new light path structure design, and can realize high-precision diagnosis of a sample from a low speed to a high speed process by finely adjusting the time sequence relation between probe light and a physical signal; by introducing polarization and polarization detection functions into the probe light, background-free interference is realized in both the low-speed interference module and the high-speed interference module, and high-contrast interference fringes can be obtained; the dynamic process is recorded by adopting a high-speed optical fringe camera, and the one-dimensional spatial resolution capability is realized; therefore, by designing the front interference module, the rear low-speed interference module and the rear high-speed interference module with unequal arms and combining the polarization probe light and the polarization selection function, high-precision diagnosis of a process from low speed to high speed can be realized in a single light emitting time, the blank of simultaneous measurement of the low-speed process and the high-speed process in the field of speed measurement is filled, and important scientific research and economic values are achieved in the fields of high-energy density physics, celestial body physics, laser inertial confinement fusion and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a wide-speed-range imaging doppler velocimeter mainly includes a probe optical module, a light-receiving imaging module, a front interference module, a rear low-speed interference module, a rear high-speed interference module, and a recording module.
The probe light module comprises a pulse probe light source generator D, and the wavelength of the probe light is in the visible light band, and in the embodiment, the pulse width is preferably 15 ns. The light-collecting imaging module comprises a first lens L1, a second lens L2, a third lens L3 and an eighth beam splitter BS 8.
The first lens L1 is disposed between the rear low-speed interference module and the first optical fringe camera C1, the second lens L2 is disposed between the rear high-speed interference module and the second optical fringe camera C2, and the third lens L3 is disposed between the front interference module, the rear low-speed interference module, the rear high-speed interference module, and the sample a. And a driving laser generator B is arranged beside the sample A and is used for emitting main laser for irradiating the sample A. The invention also comprises a synchronous machine F, wherein the synchronous machine F is used for controlling the pulse probe light source generator D to emit probe laser, driving the laser generator B to emit main laser for irradiating the sample A, and starting the recording time sequence relation between the first optical stripe camera C1 and the second optical stripe camera C2.
The recording module includes a first optical stripe camera C1 and a second optical stripe camera C2. The high-speed optical fringe camera performs high-time-space resolution recording on fringe movement perpendicular to the direction of interference fringes, and phase change caused by Doppler frequency shift can be obtained by combining subsequent image processing, so that a high-precision sample speed evolution process is obtained; the synchronous machine F is used for finely controlling the time sequence relation between the probe laser and the main laser, and the speed measurement of the sample moving process in a specific time range is realized.
A first polarizer P1 is disposed between the probe optical module and the front interference module, and the first polarizer P1 is used for selecting and polarizing the probe laser light emitted by the pulse probe light source generator D. A second polarizer P2 having a polarization direction perpendicular to the first polarizer P1 is disposed between the rear low-speed interference module and the first lens L1, and the second polarizer P2 is used for analyzing the pulse signal emitted from the rear low-speed interference module. A third polarizer P3 having the same polarization direction as the first polarizer P1 is disposed between the third lens L3 and the rear high-speed interference module, and the third polarizer P3 is used for analyzing the pulse signal incident on the rear high-speed interference module. Specifically, when the polarization direction of the first polarizer P1 is the vertical direction, the polarization direction of the second polarizer P2 is the horizontal direction, and the polarization direction of the third polarizer P3 is the vertical direction.
The first half-wave plate HWP1 is arranged in one optical path with shorter optical path of the front interference module, the second half-wave plate HWP2 is arranged in one optical path with shorter optical path of the rear low-speed interference module, and the first half-wave plate HWP1 and the second half-wave plate HWP2 can rotate the polarization direction of the pulse signal by 90 degrees.
A seventh beam splitter BS7 and a seventh mirror M7 are arranged between the third lens L3, the front interference module and the eighth beam splitter BS8, and an eighth mirror M8 is arranged between the eighth beam splitter BS8 and the third polarizer P3; two pulse signals emitted by the front interference module sequentially pass through a seventh beam splitter BS7, a seventh reflector M7 and a third lens L3 to be imaged on the surface of a sample A, the two pulse signals reflected by the surface of the sample A sequentially pass through the third lens L3, the seventh reflector M7 and the seventh beam splitter BS7 to be emitted to an eighth beam splitter BS8, the eighth beam splitter BS8 is used for dividing the two pulse signals into two groups of pulse signals, one group of pulse signals reflected by the eighth beam splitter BS8 enter a rear low-speed interference module, and one group of pulse signals transmitted by the eighth beam splitter BS8 are reflected by the eighth reflector M8 to be emitted to a third polaroid P3.
The front-mounted interference module comprises a first reflecting mirror M1, a second reflecting mirror M2, a first beam splitter BS1 and a second beam splitter BS2, a single pulse signal introduced by a first polarizer P1 is divided into two parts by a second beam splitter BS2, a pulse signal transmitted by the second beam splitter BS2 is reflected by the second reflecting mirror M2 and the first beam splitter BS1 in sequence and then emitted to a third lens L3, another pulse signal reflected by the second beam splitter BS2 is reflected by the first reflecting mirror M1 first and then transmitted by the first beam splitter BS1 and emitted to the third lens L3, the optical path difference of the two pulse signals in the front-mounted interference module is larger than the pulse width of the pulse signal (the optical path difference is larger than 15ns in the embodiment), and the polarization direction of the shorter pulse signal is rotated by 90 degrees by a first half-wave plate P1. In this embodiment, the optical path of the optical path that is transmitted by the second beam splitter BS2 and then reflected by the second mirror M2 and the first beam splitter BS1 in sequence is shorter, and therefore, the first half-wave plate HWP1 is disposed between the second mirror M2 and the second beam splitter BS 2.
A single pulse signal (pulse signal 1) sent by the pulse probe light source generator D enters the front interference module after being selectively polarized by the first polaroid P1, the front interference module is divided into two pulse signals (pulse signal 1 and pulse signal 2) with opposite polarization directions, and the two pulse signals are sequentially imaged on the surface of the sample A through the seventh beam splitter BS7, the seventh reflector M7 and the third lens L3 in a front-to-back mode.
Two pulse signals (pulse signal 1 and pulse signal 2) reflected by the surface of the sample A in sequence are divided into two beams by an eighth beam splitter BS8, wherein one beam of the two pulse signals (pulse signal 1 and pulse signal 2) is imaged on a first optical fringe camera C1 through a rear low-speed interference module, a second polaroid P2 and a first lens L1 in sequence, the other beam of the two pulse signals (pulse signal 1 and pulse signal 2) is subjected to polarization selection through a third polaroid P3 to leave one pulse signal (pulse signal 2), and the pulse signals are imaged on a second optical fringe camera C2 through a rear high-speed interference module and a second lens L2 in sequence.
The rear low-speed interference module comprises a third mirror M3, a fourth mirror M4, a third beam splitter BS3 and a fourth beam splitter BS4, a front pulse signal and a rear pulse signal (pulse signal 1 and pulse signal 2) introduced by the eighth beam splitter BS8 are divided into two groups by the third beam splitter BS3, one group of pulse signals (pulse signal 1 'and pulse signal 2') transmitted from the third beam splitter BS3 are reflected by the third mirror M3 and the fourth beam splitter BS4 in sequence and then transmitted by the second polarizer P2, the other group of pulse signals (pulse signal 1 and pulse signal 2) reflected from the third beam splitter BS3 are reflected by the fourth mirror M4 and then transmitted by the fourth beam splitter BS4 and then transmitted by the second polarizer P2, and the optical path difference of the pulse signals in the rear low-speed interference module is greater than the pulse width of the pulse signals (the optical path difference is greater than 15ns in this embodiment). Further, since the optical path difference between the two arms of the rear low-speed interference module and the front interference module is the same, the latter pulse signal (pulse signal 2) of the group of pulse signals emitted from the rear low-speed interference module and the former pulse signal (pulse signal 1') of the group of pulse signals emitted from the rear low-speed interference module interfere with each other. When the pulse signal 1 'is reflected by the sample, the sample A is in a static state, the frequency of the sample A is not changed, when the pulse signal 2 is reflected by the sample, the sample has a certain speed, and the frequency of the sample carries speed information of the sample, so that the interference of the two pulse signals (the pulse signal 1' and the pulse signal 2) forms a displacement interference type speed interferometer, the displacement interference type speed interferometer has high speed sensitivity, high-precision diagnosis can be performed on a low-speed process, and meanwhile, by introducing polarized light and a polarization detection function into probe light, background laser does not exist in an interference pattern formed by the rear low-speed interference module, so that high-contrast interference fringes are obtained.
Wherein a group of pulse signals (pulse signal 1 and pulse signal 2) having shorter optical path length is rotated in polarization direction by 90 ° by the second half-wave plate HWP 2. In this embodiment, the optical path of the optical path that is reflected by the third beam splitter BS3 and the fourth beam splitter M4 in sequence and then transmitted by the fourth beam splitter BS4 is shorter, and therefore, the second half-wave plate HWP2 is disposed between the fourth beam splitter BS4 and the fourth beam splitter BS 4.
The rear high-speed interference module comprises a fifth reflecting mirror M5, a sixth reflecting mirror M6, a fifth beam splitter BS5 and a sixth beam splitter BS6, a front pulse signal and a rear pulse signal (pulse signal 1 and pulse signal 2) introduced by the eighth beam splitter BS8 are subjected to polarization detection by a third polaroid P3 to leave a pulse signal (pulse signal 2), the pulse signal is divided into two parts by the fifth beam splitter BS5, the pulse signal transmitted from the fifth beam splitter BS5 is reflected by the fifth reflecting mirror M5 and the sixth beam splitter BS6 in sequence and then emitted to a second lens L2, the pulse signal transmitted from the fifth beam splitter BS5 is reflected by the sixth reflecting mirror M6 and then transmitted by the sixth beam splitter BS6 and emitted to the second lens L2, and the optical path difference between the two pulse signals in the rear high-speed interference module is smaller than the pulse width of the pulse signal (preferably in the order of hundred picoseconds). In this embodiment, the optical path of one optical path that is transmitted by the fifth beam splitter BS5 and then reflected by the fifth mirror M5 and the sixth beam splitter BS6 in sequence is shorter, so that the etalon E for increasing the optical path is disposed on the fifth mirror M5, and high-precision diagnosis can be achieved for different speed processes by adjusting the thickness of the etalon E.
The preposed interference module is an unequal arm interferometer and is used for copying a single probe light pulse into two pulses; the rear low-speed interference module is the same unequal-arm interferometer, and high-precision low-speed diagnosis of a sample to be detected is realized, so that Doppler frequency shift caused by low-speed movement of the sample is converted into interference fringe movement; the structure of the rear high-speed interference module is similar to that of a conventional VISAR system, one arm of the rear high-speed interference module is inserted into an etalon to form an unequal-arm interferometer, and high-precision high-speed diagnosis of a sample to be detected is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A wide-speed-domain imaging Doppler velocimeter is characterized in that: the optical recording and reproducing device at least comprises a probe optical module, a light receiving and imaging module, a front interference module, a rear low-speed interference module, a rear high-speed interference module and a recording module, wherein the light receiving and imaging module comprises a first lens L1, a second lens L2, a third lens L3 and an eighth beam splitter BS8, the recording module comprises a first optical fringe camera C1 and a second optical fringe camera C2, a first polaroid P1 is arranged between the probe optical module and the front interference module, a second polaroid P2 with the polarization direction perpendicular to the first polaroid P1 is arranged between the rear low-speed interference module and the first lens L1, a third polaroid P3 with the polarization direction identical to that of the first polaroid P1 is arranged between the third lens L3 and the rear high-speed interference module, a first half-wave plate HWP1 is arranged in an optical path with a shorter optical path of the front interference module, and a second half-wave plate HWP2 is arranged in an optical path with a shorter optical path of the rear low-speed interference module, the first half-wave plate HWP1 and the second half-wave plate HWP2 are both capable of rotating the polarization direction of the pulsed signal by 90 °;
a single pulse signal sent by the probe optical module enters the front interference module after being subjected to polarization selection through the first polaroid P1, the front interference module is divided into two pulse signals with opposite polarization directions, the two pulse signals are imaged on the surface of a sample A through the third lens L3 in a tandem manner, the two pulse signals reflected back from the surface of the sample A are divided into two beams through the eighth beam splitter BS8, the two pulse signals of one beam are imaged on the first optical fringe camera C1 through the rear low-speed interference module, the second polaroid P2 and the first lens L1 in sequence, the other two pulse signals of the other beam are subjected to polarization selection through the third polaroid P3 to leave one pulse signal, and the pulse signals are imaged on the second optical fringe camera C2 through the rear high-speed interference module and the second lens L2 in sequence.
2. The wide velocity domain imaging doppler velocimeter of claim 1, wherein: the probe light module comprises a pulse probe light source generator D, and the synchronizer F is used for controlling the pulse probe light source generator D to emit probe laser, driving a laser generator B to emit main laser for irradiating a sample A, and starting recorded time sequence relation between a first optical stripe camera C1 and a second optical stripe camera C2.
3. The wide velocity domain imaging doppler velocimeter of claim 1, wherein: the front-mounted interference module comprises a first reflecting mirror M1, a second reflecting mirror M2, a first beam splitter BS1 and a second beam splitter BS2, a single pulse signal introduced by a first polarizer P1 is divided into two parts by a second beam splitter BS2, a pulse signal transmitted by the second beam splitter BS2 is reflected by the second reflecting mirror M2 and the first beam splitter BS1 in sequence and then emitted to a third lens L3, another pulse signal reflected by the second beam splitter BS2 is reflected by the first reflecting mirror M1 first and then transmitted by the first beam splitter BS1 and emitted to the third lens L3, the optical path difference of the two pulse signals in the front-mounted interference module is larger than the pulse width of the pulse signal, and the polarization direction of the pulse signal with the shorter optical path is rotated by 90 degrees by a first half-wave plate HWP 1.
4. The wide velocity domain imaging doppler velocimeter of claim 3, wherein: the first half-wave plate HWP1 is disposed between the second mirror M2 and the second beam splitter BS 2.
5. The wide velocity domain imaging doppler velocimeter of claim 1, wherein: the rear low-speed interference module comprises a third reflector M3, a fourth reflector M4, a third beam splitter BS3 and a fourth beam splitter BS4, a front pulse signal and a rear pulse signal introduced by the eighth beam splitter BS8 are divided into two groups by the third beam splitter BS3, one group of pulse signals transmitted by the third beam splitter BS3 are reflected by the third reflector M3 and the fourth beam splitter BS4 in sequence and then emit to a second polaroid P2, the other group of pulse signals reflected by the third beam splitter BS3 are reflected by the fourth reflector M4 and then transmit to a fourth polaroid P2 by the fourth beam splitter BS4, the optical path difference of the two groups of pulse signals in the rear low-speed interference module is larger than the pulse width of the pulse signals, and the rear pulse signal in the group of pulse signals emitted by the rear low-speed interference module and the front pulse signal in the group of pulse signals emitted by the rear low-speed interference module are generated by the front pulse signal, a group of pulse signals having a shorter optical path length is rotated in polarization direction by 90 ° by the second half-wave plate HWP 2.
6. The wide velocity domain imaging doppler velocimeter of claim 5, wherein: the second half-wave plate HWP2 is disposed between the fourth mirror M4 and the fourth beam splitter BS 4.
7. The wide velocity domain imaging doppler velocimeter of claim 1, wherein: the rear high-speed interference module comprises a fifth reflector M5, a sixth reflector M6, a fifth beam splitter BS5 and a sixth beam splitter BS6, a front pulse signal and a rear pulse signal introduced by the eighth beam splitter BS8 are subjected to polarization detection by a third polaroid P3 to leave a pulse signal, the pulse signal is divided into two parts by the fifth beam splitter BS5, the pulse signal transmitted from the fifth beam splitter BS5 is reflected by the fifth reflector M5 and the sixth beam splitter BS6 in sequence and then emitted to a second lens L2, the pulse signal reflected from the fifth beam splitter BS5 is reflected by the sixth reflector M6 and then transmitted by the sixth beam splitter BS6 and then emitted to the second lens L2, and the optical path difference between the two pulse signals in the rear high-speed interference module is smaller than the pulse width of the pulse signal.
8. The wide velocity domain imaging doppler velocimeter of claim 7, wherein: an etalon E for increasing an optical path is provided on the fifth mirror M5.
9. The wide velocity domain imaging doppler velocimeter of claim 1, wherein: a seventh beam splitter BS7 and a seventh mirror M7 are arranged between the third lens L3, the front interference module and the eighth beam splitter BS8, and an eighth mirror M8 is arranged between the eighth beam splitter BS8 and the third polarizer P3; two pulse signals emitted by the front interference module sequentially pass through a seventh beam splitter BS7, a seventh reflector M7 and a third lens L3 to be imaged on the surface of a sample A, the two pulse signals reflected by the surface of the sample A sequentially pass through the third lens L3, the seventh reflector M7 and the seventh beam splitter BS7 to be emitted to an eighth beam splitter BS8, the eighth beam splitter BS8 is used for dividing the two pulse signals into two groups of pulse signals, one group of pulse signals reflected by the eighth beam splitter BS8 enter a rear low-speed interference module, and one group of pulse signals transmitted by the eighth beam splitter BS8 are reflected by the eighth reflector M8 to be emitted to a third polaroid P3.
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