CN112147065A - Device for monitoring electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures and method for monitoring electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures under working conditions - Google Patents
Device for monitoring electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures and method for monitoring electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures under working conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of corrosion protection monitoring, in particular to an electrical insulation monitoring device and an electrical insulation state monitoring method under working conditions. The electrical insulation monitoring device comprises: the testing device comprises a power supply branch, a working branch and a testing loop; the power supply branch circuit is formed by connecting a direct current power supply formed by a monitored dissimilar metal structure in series with the internal resistance of the power supply formed by a water resistance and an electrolyte resistance; the working branch circuit is composed of insulation resistors for implementing electric insulation among the dissimilar metal structures and is connected with the power supply branch circuit in parallel; the test loop comprises two parts, one part is a selection switch, a plurality of standard resistors which can be selectively connected into fixed-value resistors with different resistance values, and a zero-resistance ammeter, and the parts are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the working branch; the other part is a voltmeter. The invention effectively solves the defects brought by the monitoring of the electrical insulation between dissimilar metals under the working condition introduced by the test of the galvanic corrosion current in a laboratory, and provides a feasible criterion for monitoring the electrical insulation state between the dissimilar metals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corrosion protection monitoring, in particular to an electrical insulation monitoring device and an electrical insulation state monitoring method under working conditions.
Background
At present, the realization approaches of the electric insulation state monitoring technology between dissimilar metals mainly include three types: firstly, monitoring the potential difference delta E between dissimilar metals; secondly, monitoring the insulation resistance R between dissimilar metals; thirdly, monitoring galvanic corrosion current I between dissimilar metals. Among the three monitoring technologies, the implementation conditions of the potential difference monitoring technology and the insulation resistance monitoring technology have great limitations, the potential difference monitoring technology cannot explain the electrical insulation state between dissimilar metals when the measurement result is small (less than 120mV), the insulation resistance monitoring technology cannot solve the electrical insulation state between the dissimilar metals under a wet environment, and galvanic corrosion current is used as an index for directly feeding back the corrosion condition between the dissimilar metals, and the galvanic corrosion current is generally applied to research and test of a laboratory galvanic couple.
Referring to the attached figure 1, a laboratory adopts an ammeter to be directly merged into a galvanic couple loop to form an integral series loop with the galvanic couple, and the galvanic corrosion current is measured. Referring to the attached figure 2, under the working condition, if the ammeter is adopted to be directly connected between the couple pairs, the ammeter is actually connected in parallel with the electric insulation R between the couple pairs, but the internal resistance of the ammeter can be ignored relative to the electric insulation resistance, and obviously, the method measures the galvanic corrosion current directly connected with the couple pairs and has no actual monitoring significance. Therefore, the method for testing the galvanic corrosion current in the laboratory is directly applied to the actual working condition and is not advisable.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, a device and a method for monitoring electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures are provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an electrical insulation monitoring device between dissimilar metal structures, comprising: the device comprises a power supply branch circuit, a working branch circuit and a test loop.
The power supply branch circuit is formed by connecting a direct current power supply formed by a monitored dissimilar metal structure in series with the internal resistance of the power supply formed by a water resistance and an electrolyte resistance of the monitored dissimilar metal structure.
The working branch consists of insulation resistors for implementing electrical insulation among the dissimilar metal structures; the working branch is connected with the power supply branch in parallel.
The test loop comprises two parts, one part is a selection switch, a plurality of standard resistors which can be selectively connected with fixed-value resistors with different resistance values, and a zero-resistance ammeter for testing the current value in the loop; the selection switch, the standard resistor and the zero-resistance ammeter are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the working branch; the other part of the test loop is a voltmeter which is used for measuring the potential difference of the dissimilar metal in the initial state.
In the above scheme, specifically, the insulation resistance is the insulation resistance between the galvanic couple pairs under the actual working condition, reflects the magnitude of the electrical insulation resistance implemented between the dissimilar metal structures, directly affects the occurrence degree of galvanic couple corrosion between the dissimilar metals, and mainly represents the electrical insulation measures between the dissimilar metals, such as a ceramic coating, an insulation gasket, and the like.
In the above scheme, specifically, the resistance value of the standard resistor should be greater than 1000 Ω, the difference between the resistance values of the fixed resistors should not be too small, and the difference should be greater than 1000 Ω.
The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for monitoring the electric insulation state between dissimilar metal structures under the working condition uses the device for monitoring the electric insulation between dissimilar metal structures.
When no test loop is incorporated: the potential difference delta E between dissimilar metals is regarded as a direct current power supply, the solution resistance and the water receiving resistance R are the internal resistance of the power supply, and the insulation resistance R is regarded as the resistance on an external circuit; thus, the galvanic corrosion current between dissimilar metals is:
I＝ΔE/(R+r)
when incorporated into a test loop: parallel connection of a test loop Rx (x is 1,2 … n) to the insulation resistor R, and measurement of a current Ix (x is 1,2 … n) in the test loop R, according to ohm's law, there are:
ΔE＝r(Ix+IxRx/R)+IxRx
the method for monitoring the electric insulation state between dissimilar metal structures under the working condition comprises the following steps:
A. in the initial state, namely when the dissimilar metal structure is just in service, a voltmeter is used for measuring the voltage value delta E of the direct-current power supplyInitial(ii) a In the initial state, the insulation state of the dissimilar metal is good, and the measured data is stable and accurate; then, the two resistance values are sequentially selected to be R by using a selection switch1、R2The two current values I of the test loop are obtained in sequence through a zero resistance ammeter1、I2；
B. Solving the initial value r of the internal resistance of the power supplyInitial，
ΔEInitial＝rInitial(I1+I1R1/RInitial)+I1R1
ΔEInitial＝rInitial(I2+I2R2/RInitial)+I2R2
rInitial＝(ΔEInitialI2R2-ΔEInitialI1R1)/[I1I2(R2-R1)]
C. Under the working condition, the selection switch is used for sequentially selecting two resistance values as R3、R4The two current values I of the test loop are obtained in sequence through a zero resistance ammeter3、I4；
D. During the service period of the dissimilar metal galvanic couple, the change of the solution resistance and the water receiving resistance is small, and the change is small relative to the insulation resistance R, so the working condition value of the internal resistance R of the power supply can be regarded as a fixed value, which is equivalent to the internal resistance R of the power supply obtained in the initial stateInitial(ii) a Setting: the internal resistance value of the power supply is r under the working conditionWorking conditionsAnd is provided with: r isWorking conditions≈rInitialAnd calculating:
ΔEworking conditions＝rWorking conditions(I3+I3R3/RWorking conditions)+I3R3
ΔEWorking conditions＝rWorking conditions(I4+I4R4/RWorking conditions)+I4R4
Solving, the current value I working condition in the working branch is that under the working condition, when the dissimilar metal structure is not merged into the test loop:
Iworking conditions＝[I3I4(R4-R3)/(I4R4-I3R3)]+{I1I2I3I4(R2-R1)(R3-R4)/[(I3-I4)(ΔEInitialI2R2-ΔEInitialI1R1)]}
E. According to the calculated IWorking conditionsValue, maximum galvanic current I corresponding to dissimilar metal structuremaxMinimum galvanic current IminAnd (3) comparison:
such as IWorking conditions＜IminJudging that the electrical insulation between the dissimilar metal structures is in a complete insulation state;
such as Imin≤IWorking conditions≤ImaxJudging that the electrical insulation between the dissimilar metal structures is in an insulation maintaining state;
such as IWorking conditionsIf the voltage is larger than Imax, the electrical insulation between the dissimilar metal structures is judged to be in an insulation failure state.
On the basis of the scheme, further, in order to effectively reduce the problem of inaccurate test caused by accidental errors of the test, in the step A or the step C, at least 4 standard resistors with different resistance values are sequentially selected by a selection switch, and at least 4 current values of a test loop are sequentially obtained through a zero-resistance ammeter; and in the step B or the step D, respectively calculating by using current values, then removing the highest value and the lowest value, and taking the average value of the residual data.
On the basis of the scheme, further, after the step E, the corrosion resistance evaluation step F is further included:
when the electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures is complete insulation, the corrosion resistance is rated as complete corrosion resistance;
when the electrical insulation state between the dissimilar metal structures is insulation maintenance, the corrosion resistance is rated as corrosion resistance usable;
when the electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures is near loss of insulation, the corrosion resistance is evaluated as being unusable due to insufficient corrosion resistance.
Has the advantages that: the invention effectively solves the defects brought by the monitoring of the electrical insulation between dissimilar metals under the working condition introduced by the laboratory galvanic corrosion current test by the merging/breaking of the series of standard resistors in the test loop, and simultaneously provides a feasible criterion for monitoring the electrical insulation state between the dissimilar metals by linking the mapping relation of corrosion rate/galvanic current/electrical insulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laboratory measurement of galvanic corrosion current.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of measuring galvanic corrosion current by incorporating an ammeter under operating conditions.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
The system comprises a power supply branch circuit 1, a working branch circuit 2, a testing loop 3, a direct current power supply 4, a power supply internal resistance 5, an insulation resistance 6, a selection switch 7, a standard resistance 8, a zero resistance ammeter 9 and a voltmeter 10.
Detailed Description
Example 1, referring to fig. 3, an apparatus for monitoring electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures, comprising: power branch 1, working branch 2 and test loop 3.
The power supply branch 1 is formed by connecting a direct current power supply 4 formed by a monitored dissimilar metal structure in series with a power supply internal resistance 5 formed by a water resistance and an electrolyte resistance of the monitored dissimilar metal structure. In this example, the metal a and the metal B constitute a different metal to be monitored, the metal a and the metal B constitute a galvanic couple, and the potential difference between the galvanic couple is the power supply value of the dc power supply.
The working branch 2 is composed of an insulation resistor 6 for implementing electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures, and is a circuit actually generated under the working condition; the insulation resistance 6 is the insulation resistance between the galvanic couple pairs under the actual working condition, reflects the magnitude of the electrical insulation resistance implemented between the dissimilar metal structures, directly influences the occurrence degree of galvanic couple corrosion between the dissimilar metals, and mainly represents the electrical insulation measures between the dissimilar metals, such as ceramic coating, insulating gaskets and the like. The working branch 2 is connected in parallel with the power branch 1.
The test loop 3 comprises two parts, one part is a selection switch 7, a plurality of standard resistors 8 which can be selectively connected into fixed-value resistors with different resistance values, and a zero resistance ammeter 9 for testing the current value in the loop; the selection switch 7, the standard resistor 8 and the zero resistance ammeter 9 are connected in series and then are connected in parallel with the working branch 2; the other part of the test loop 3 is a voltmeter 10, and the voltmeter 10 is used for measuring the potential difference in the initial state of the dissimilar metal. In this example, the resistance of the standard resistor 8 should be greater than 1000 Ω, the difference between the resistances of the fixed resistors should not be too small, and the difference should be greater than 1000 Ω.
Example 2, a method for monitoring electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures under operating conditions, using the device for monitoring electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures described in example 1.
Without incorporation of test loop 3: the potential difference delta E between dissimilar metals is regarded as a direct current power supply, the solution resistance and the water receiving resistance R are the internal resistance of the power supply, and the insulation resistance R is regarded as the resistance on an external circuit; thus, the galvanic corrosion current between dissimilar metals is:
I＝ΔE/(R+r)
incorporated into test loop 3: parallel connection of a test loop Rx (x is 1,2 … n) to the insulation resistor R, and measurement of a current Ix (x is 1,2 … n) in the test loop R, according to ohm's law, there are:
ΔE＝r(Ix+IxRx/R)+IxRx
the method for monitoring the electric insulation state between dissimilar metal structures under the working condition comprises the following steps:
A. in the initial state, i.e. when the dissimilar metal structure is just in service, the voltmeter 10 is used to measure the voltage value delta E of the DC power supply 4Initial(ii) a In the initial state, the insulation state of the dissimilar metal is good, and the measured data is stable and accurate; then, the selection switch 7 is used to select two resistances R in sequence1、R2The standard resistor 8 obtains two current values I of the test loop 3 sequentially through a zero resistance ammeter 91、I2；
B. Calculating the initial value of the internal resistance 5 of the power supplyrInitial，
ΔEInitial＝rInitial(I1+I1R1/RInitial)+I1R1
ΔEInitial＝rInitial(I2+I2R2/RInitial)+I2R2
rInitial＝(ΔEInitialI2R2-ΔEInitialI1R1)/[I1I2(R2-R1)]
C. Under the working condition, the selection switch 7 is used for sequentially selecting two resistance values as R3、R4The standard resistor 8 obtains two current values I of the test loop 3 sequentially through a zero resistance ammeter 93、I4；
D. During the service period of the dissimilar metal galvanic couple, the change of the solution resistance and the water receiving resistance is small, and the change is small relative to the insulation resistance R, so the working condition value of the internal resistance R of the power supply can be regarded as a fixed value, which is equivalent to the internal resistance R of the power supply obtained in the initial stateInitial(ii) a Setting: under the working condition, the internal resistance 5 value of the power supply is rWorking conditionsAnd is provided with: r isWorking conditions≈rInitialAnd calculating:
ΔEworking conditions＝rWorking conditions(I3+I3R3/RWorking conditions)+I3R3
ΔEWorking conditions＝rWorking conditions(I4+I4R4/RWorking conditions)+I4R4
Solving, the current value I working condition in the working branch 2 is that the dissimilar metal structure is under the working condition when not being merged into the test loop 3:
Iworking conditions＝[I3I4(R4-R3)/(I4R4-I3R3)]+{I1I2I3I4(R2-R1)(R3-R4)/[(I3-I4)(ΔEInitialI2R2-ΔEInitialI1R1)]}
E. According to the calculated IWorking conditionsValue, maximum galvanic current I corresponding to dissimilar metal structuremaxMinimum galvanic current IminAnd (3) comparison:
the criteria for determining the state of insulation between dissimilar metals are shown in the following table:
| electrical insulation state between dissimilar metals | Evaluation of Corrosion resistance | Depth of corrosion (mm/a) | Corrosion current |
| Complete insulation | Is completely corrosion resistant | ＜0.01 | ＜Imin |
| Insulation retention | Can be used for corrosion resistance | 0.01-0.1 | Imin-Imax |
| Near loss of insulation | Is not applicable to corrosion | ＞0.1 | ＞Imax |
Under the condition of different insulation states, corresponding to the corrosion depth of the anode metal material in the dissimilar metal couple, calculating the corresponding corrosion current density iaNamely:
ia＝VL×n×ρ/(0.327M)(A/cm2)
wherein: vLThe annual corrosion depth is mm/a; rho is the density of the anode material, g/cm3(ii) a n is the number of charges lost by the electrochemical reaction of the anode material atoms; m is the atomic weight of the anode material, g.
Such as IWorking conditions＜IminJudging that the electrical insulation between the dissimilar metal structures is in a complete insulation state;
such as Imin≤IWorking conditions≤ImaxJudging that the electrical insulation between the dissimilar metal structures is in an insulation maintaining state;
such as IWorking conditionsIf the voltage is greater than Imax, the electrical insulation between the dissimilar metal structures is judged to be in an insulation failure state;
F. evaluation of corrosion resistance:
when the electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures is complete insulation, the corrosion resistance is rated as complete corrosion resistance;
when the electrical insulation state between the dissimilar metal structures is insulation maintenance, the corrosion resistance is rated as corrosion resistance usable;
when the electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures is near loss of insulation, the corrosion resistance is evaluated as being unusable due to insufficient corrosion resistance.
In the above steps, in order to effectively reduce the problem of inaccurate test caused by accidental errors of the test, in step a or step C, 4 standard resistors 8 with different resistance values are sequentially selected by a selection switch 7, and 4 current values of the test loop 3 are sequentially obtained by a zero resistance ammeter 9; and in the step B or the step D, respectively calculating by using current values, then removing the highest value and the lowest value, and taking the average value of the residual data.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an electric insulation monitoring devices between dissimilar metal structure which characterized in that, it includes: the device comprises a power supply branch (1), a working branch (2) and a test loop (3);
the power supply branch (1) is formed by connecting a direct current power supply (4) formed by a monitored dissimilar metal structure in series, and a power supply internal resistance (5) formed by a water resistance and an electrolyte resistance of the monitored dissimilar metal structure;
the working branch (2) is composed of insulation resistors (6) for implementing electrical insulation among dissimilar metal structures; the working branch (2) is connected with the power supply branch (1) in parallel;
the test circuit (3) comprises two parts, one part is a selection switch (7), a plurality of standard resistors (8) which can be selectively connected into fixed-value resistors with unequal resistance values, and a zero-resistance ammeter (9); the selection switch (7), the standard resistor (8) and the zero-resistance ammeter (9) are connected in series and then are connected in parallel with the working branch (2); the other part of the test loop (3) is a voltmeter (10).
2. A device for monitoring the electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures according to claim 1, wherein said insulation resistor (6) is a ceramic coating or an insulating washer.
3. A device for monitoring electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said reference resistor (8) has a resistance greater than 1000 Ω and the difference in resistance of each of said fixed resistors is greater than 1000 Ω.
4. A method for monitoring the state of electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures under operating conditions, using the device for monitoring electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
A. in the initial state, the voltage value Delta E of the direct current power supply (4) is measured by using the voltmeter (10)Initial(ii) a Then, the selection switch (7) is used for sequentially selecting two resistance values as R1、R2The standard resistor (8) is used for sequentially obtaining two current values I of the test loop (3) through the zero resistance ammeter (9)1、I2；
B. Solving the initial value r of the internal resistance (5) of the power supplyInitial，
ΔEInitial＝rInitial(I1+I1R1/RInitial)+I1R1
ΔEInitial＝rInitial(I2+I2R2/RInitial)+I2R2
rInitial＝(ΔEInitialI2R2-ΔEInitialI1R1)/[I1I2(R2-R1)]
C. Under the working condition, the selection switch (7) is used for successively selecting two resistance values as R3、R4The standard resistor (8) is used for sequentially obtaining two current values I of the test loop (3) through the zero resistance ammeter (9)3、I4；
D. Setting: under the working condition, the value of the internal resistance (5) of the power supply is rWorking conditionsAnd is provided with: r isWorking conditions≈rInitialAnd calculating:
ΔEworking conditions＝rWorking conditions(I3+I3R3/RWorking conditions)+I3R3
ΔEWorking conditions＝rWorking conditions(I4+I4R4/RWorking conditions)+I4R4
Calculating out that under the working condition of a dissimilar metal structure, when the dissimilar metal structure is not merged into the test loop (3), the current value I in the working branch (2) is as follows:
Iworking conditions＝[I3I4(R4-R3)/(I4R4-I3R3)]+{I1I2I3I4(R2-R1)(R3-R4)/[(I3-I4)(ΔEInitialI2R2-ΔEInitialI1R1)]}
E. According to the calculated IWorking conditionsValue, maximum galvanic current I corresponding to dissimilar metal structuremaxMinimum galvanic current IminAnd (3) comparison:
such as IWorking conditions＜IminJudging that the electrical insulation between the dissimilar metal structures is in a complete insulation state;
such as Imin≤IWorking conditions≤ImaxJudging that the electrical insulation between the dissimilar metal structures is in an insulation maintaining state;
such as IWorking conditionsIf the voltage is larger than Imax, the electrical insulation between the dissimilar metal structures is judged to be in an insulation failure state.
5. The method for monitoring the electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures under the working condition of claim 4, wherein in the step A or the step C, at least 4 standard resistors (8) with different resistances are sequentially selected by the selection switch (7), and at least 4 current values of the test loop (3) are sequentially obtained through the zero-resistance ammeter (9); and in the step B or the step D, respectively calculating by using current values, then removing the highest value and the lowest value, and taking the average value of the residual data.
6. The method for monitoring the state of electrical insulation between dissimilar metal structures under operating conditions according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising, after said step E, a corrosion resistance evaluation step F:
when the electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures is complete insulation, the corrosion resistance is rated as complete corrosion resistance;
when the electrical insulation state between the dissimilar metal structures is insulation maintenance, the corrosion resistance is rated as corrosion resistance usable;
when the electrical insulation state between dissimilar metal structures is near loss of insulation, the corrosion resistance is evaluated as being unusable due to insufficient corrosion resistance.
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