CN112140511A - Molding method of hot forming plastic suction female die and female die - Google Patents
Molding method of hot forming plastic suction female die and female die Download PDFInfo
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- CN112140511A CN112140511A CN202010863180.1A CN202010863180A CN112140511A CN 112140511 A CN112140511 A CN 112140511A CN 202010863180 A CN202010863180 A CN 202010863180A CN 112140511 A CN112140511 A CN 112140511A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
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- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 13
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C51/30—Moulds
- B29C51/36—Moulds specially adapted for vacuum forming, Manufacture thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/3842—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for molding a hot forming plastic suction female die and the female die, wherein the method for molding the hot forming plastic suction female die comprises the following steps: s1, building mould body model data through 3D modeling; s2, constructing air exhaust channel data formed by communicating a plurality of groups of air exhaust holes, series holes and a main air outlet hole in a mould main body model, wherein the air exhaust holes are communicated to a cavity of the mould main body, the trend of the series holes is matched with the shape of the bottom wall of the cavity, the series holes are sequentially connected in series with the plurality of groups of air exhaust holes from far to near according to the distance from an air inlet of the air exhaust hole to the top plane of the mould main body from the main air outlet hole, and the main air outlet hole is communicated with the mould main body; and S3, manufacturing the female die by adopting a 3D printing or machining mode according to the construction data. By adopting the female die, the quality of a product formed by vacuum plastic suction can be effectively ensured, the negative pressure during vacuum adsorption can be reasonably utilized, and the plastic suction forming production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a mold making method of a thermoforming blister mold, in particular to a mold making method of a thermoforming blister female mold and a female mold.
Background
The existing vacuum plastic-absorbing thermal forming mold in the market at present mainly has two manufacturing methods: 1. machining the metal; 2. 3D printing and forming technology. The existing thermoforming plastic suction mold has relatively simple shape, mainly including cube, sphere, cylinder, etc., and can not make ideal shape for packaging case (product) with complex structure, mainly because of the limitation of plasticity and expansibility of thermoplastic film, and the mold is difficult to process the corner of complex shape, so that the ideal shape can not be sucked out. Therefore, more and more molds for thermoforming vacuum forming are available, for example, chinese patent application No. 2018.01.18, publication No. CN208052561U, entitled "blister mold with high fitting degree and easy demolding" discloses a blister mold capable of effectively ensuring the blister forming quality of a formed part and improving the demolding efficiency and product quality, and for example, chinese patent application No. 2016.02.18, publication No. CN205553183U, entitled "a blister mold" discloses a blister mold capable of ensuring that a corner part of a glue film is not easily deformed during vacuum adsorption, but the mold has the following problems in the actual use process:
1. the negative pressure during vacuum adsorption cannot be reasonably utilized, and the plastic suction molding production efficiency is influenced;
2. the position layout design of the air exhaust holes in the cavity is not carried out, so that the molding quality of the plastic suction molding finished product is easily reduced;
3. rounding treatment of sharp corners, edges and edges in the cavity in the die body is not considered, so that the molding quality of the thermoplastic film at the positions is poor;
4. the proper demoulding inclination is not set for the cavity in the mould body, so that the plastic uptake integrity is difficult to ensure, and the smooth demoulding of the finished product (product) is influenced;
5. when the air exhaust hole is formed, the relation between the air exhaust hole and the minimum wall thickness of the die main body is not considered, the service life of the whole die is easily shortened due to unreasonable forming position.
Therefore, corresponding research and development designs are carried out to meet the actual application requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide the molding method and the female die of the hot forming plastic-suction female die, which can effectively ensure the quality of a product formed by vacuum plastic-suction molding, can reasonably utilize negative pressure during vacuum adsorption and improve the production efficiency of plastic-suction molding.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a molding method of a thermoforming female die comprises the following steps:
s1, building mould body model data through 3D modeling;
s2, constructing air exhaust channel data formed by communicating a plurality of groups of air exhaust holes, series holes and a main air outlet hole in a mould main body model, wherein the air exhaust holes are communicated to a cavity of the mould main body, the trend of the series holes is matched with the shape of the bottom wall of the cavity, the series holes are sequentially connected in series with the plurality of groups of air exhaust holes from far to near according to the distance from an air inlet of the air exhaust hole to the top plane of the mould main body from the main air outlet hole, and the main air outlet hole is communicated with the mould main body;
and S3, manufacturing the female die by adopting a 3D printing or machining mode according to the construction data.
The design of air exhaust channel is the gas inlet of series connection hole basis aspirating hole to the planar far and near of mould main part top layer, from far to near establishes ties the structure of multiunit aspirating hole in proper order for the plastic uptake in-process, the size of negative pressure is steadilyd decrease in proper order to the shallowest play by the deepest of the die cavity of mould main part, has guaranteed by the quality of this female mould vacuum plastic uptake fashioned goods, simultaneously, negative pressure when can rational utilization vacuum adsorption again improves plastic uptake shaping production efficiency.
Further, comprising the steps of: and rounding the position of the mould body needing rounding.
Further, the fillet is handled and is gone on after step S1, according to the closed angle in the die cavity of mould main part, the big or small specification of edges and edges, set up it into the fillet of R1-R3mm, carry out the fillet with closed angle in the die cavity, edges and corners and edges position and handle, can prevent effectively that the thermoplastic film plastic uptake in-process from, the shape sudden change leads to the thermoplastic film in the unable fashioned problem in this position, and simultaneously, reduce aforementioned position and easily take place stress concentration, the heat is concentrated, so that the defect of deformation when the thermoplastic film plastic uptake shaping, and the fillet is handled and is made the thermoplastic film fully contact with the die cavity, further guaranteed goods shaping quality.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and setting demoulding inclination processing on a cavity of the mould main body.
Further, the demolding inclination processing is performed after step S1, and a demolding inclination is set for the vertical wall surface portion in the cavity of the mold main body, wherein the demolding inclination is set between 1 ° and 15 °, and a proper demolding inclination is set for the cavity of the mold main body, which not only helps to ensure the integrity of the thermoplastic film, but also enables the product molded by plastic suction to be demolded smoothly.
Furthermore, most of the groups of the extraction holes are arranged in the concave pits, corners or fillet areas in the cavity of the mold main body, namely, the parts requiring fine molding in the concave pits, corners or fillet areas, the distribution density of the extraction holes in a unit area is increased, the increase proportion can be increased to 1.2-1.5 times of the distribution density of the extraction holes in the areas other than the areas according to local details and structural complexity, namely, the distribution density of the extraction holes in the concave pits, corners or fillet areas in the cavity of the mold main body in the unit area is set to be 1.2-1.5 times of the distribution density of the extraction holes in other areas in the cavity in the unit area, most of the extraction holes are arranged in the concave pits, corners or fillet areas in the cavity, so that adsorption points to the thermoplastic film are increased, the adhesion of the cavity of the thermoplastic film along the wall surface can be ensured, and the shape of the product is closer to the shape of the cavity, so as to ensure the production quality of the formed product and reduce the rejection rate.
Furthermore, for the air exhaust holes near the fillet between the two vertical wall surfaces in the cavity of the mold main body, part of the air exhaust holes are intersected with the fillet at the position, wherein the part of the air exhaust holes is the air exhaust hole layer closest to the fillet, and the intersection of the part of the air exhaust holes and the fillet can generate adsorption force on the thermoplastic film at the fillet position in the vacuum suction molding process, so that the thermoplastic film is more tightly attached to the side wall of the cavity, and the shape of the product at the fillet position is ensured to be attached to the actual requirement.
Furthermore, the axis of the air exhaust holes is all set to be perpendicular to the top plane of the mold body, and the air exhaust holes are communicated with the series holes by penetrating and extending to a certain distance b from the bottom wall of the mold body and are communicated with the series holes, wherein the certain distance b is greater than the minimum wall thickness l of the mold body, the air exhaust holes are designed to be of a vertical hole structure, the processing of the air exhaust holes in the mold body is facilitated, and meanwhile, the distance from the air exhaust holes to the bottom wall of the mold body is greater than the minimum wall thickness of the mold body, so that the strength and the service life of the mold body are guaranteed.
Furthermore, the cut-off planes of the groups of the air exhaust holes are all located on the same plane parallel to the top plane of the die main body, the groups of the air exhaust holes are horizontally connected in series through the series holes, the cut-off planes of the groups of the air exhaust holes are all designed to be parallel to the top plane of the die main body, and the cut-off planes are located on the same plane, so that the processing of the groups of the air exhaust holes is facilitated, and the processing technology is simplified.
Further, when the molding surface in the cavity of the mold main body is in a regular shape, the air exhaust holes are arranged in an array form, that is, the air exhaust holes can be arranged in an array form such as a linear array or a circumferential array.
Further, when the molding surface in the cavity of the mold main body is rectangular or circular, most of the plurality of groups of the air extraction holes are distributed in the pit, corner or fillet area in the cavity of the mold main body on the premise of meeting the minimum wall thickness l of the mold main body, and the air extraction holes at the other positions are distributed in an array form, that is, the distribution density of the air extraction holes in the pit, corner or fillet area in the molding surface in a unit area is set to be 1.2-1.5 times of the distribution density of the air extraction holes in the other areas in the molding surface in the unit area, and the air extraction holes in the other areas are distributed in the array form.
Furthermore, when the molding surface in the cavity of the mold main body is in the shape of a non-full-circle sector, each group of the mold main body needs to be evacuated on the premise of meeting the minimum wall thickness l of the mold main bodyAngular difference of holes on circumference
While also satisfying the formula
The minimum wall thickness is ensured, wherein alpha is a sector central angle, l is the minimum wall thickness, R is the radius of the air extraction hole, R is the distance from the section center of the air extraction hole to the sector center, and beta is the number of holes distributed on the circumference.
Further, in step S3, when the 3D printing method is used to manufacture the female mold, for the manufacturing of the air extraction hole, a draft angle of 0 to 5 degrees needs to be manufactured according to the length of the air extraction hole, and a draft angle of 0 to 5 degrees needs to be manufactured for the air extraction hole, so as to reduce the pressure loss during the negative pressure plastic uptake process.
Further, in step S3, when the 3D printing method is used to fabricate the female mold, the diameter D of the minimum position of the air extraction hole is larger than 2mm, and the diameter of the minimum position of the air extraction hole is larger than 2mm, so that the problem that the air extraction hole is blocked due to the undersize of the hole, which is caused by the deformation of the heated top of the mold body due to the placement of the thermoplastic film, can be effectively reduced.
Further, in step S3, when the female mold is manufactured in the 3D printing manner, the cross section of the serial hole is designed to be a regular triangle, and the cross section of the serial hole is designed to be a regular triangle structure, which facilitates the printing and molding of the serial hole.
Further, in step S3, when the negative mold is manufactured by the 3D printing method, the minimum wall thickness l of the mold main body is greater than 3mm, and the internal filling rate of the mold main body is 60% to 90%, and the mold main body is as dense as possible.
Further, in step S3, the step of manufacturing the female mold by machining includes the steps of:
dividing a die blank for a female die into an upper die and a lower die according to the processing position of a series hole to be processed;
step two, in the upper die, milling a cavity of the die body according to the model data constructed in the step S1, opening an air suction hole in the upper die according to the model data constructed in the step S2, and simultaneously opening a serial hole and a total air outlet hole in the lower die according to the model data constructed in the step S2;
and step three, closing the upper die and the lower die machined in the step two to form a female die.
The mode that divide into the mould embryo and carry out machining with the bed die not only has realized making a mould of bed die utensil, and the dismouting maintenance is convenient, and because of last mould and bed die can process simultaneously respectively again, so improved bed die utensil's production efficiency, simultaneously, also can be in long-term use, when one damages, only carries out corresponding change to effectively prolong the holistic life of bed die utensil, save the cost.
Further, in the second step, when the upper mold is provided with the air extraction hole, the top plane of the upper mold is used as a reference plane, and the air extraction hole is drilled.
Further, in the second step, the extraction hole in the upper die is processed by a sectional hole-opening method, and the specific process is as follows:
a. processing an exhaust section from the bottom wall of the upper die to the direction close to the cavity;
b. and on the basis of the exhaust section, an air inlet section penetrating to the cavity is arranged to form an exhaust hole, wherein the aperture of the exhaust section is larger than that of the air inlet section.
Further, the length of exhaust section is greater than the length of the section of admitting air, and the bleeder vent sets up to two segmentations, and the aperture of the section of admitting air that is close to die cavity one side is less, and length is shorter, can effectively reduce loss of pressure.
Furthermore, for the steel female die, the aperture of the air inlet section is 0.6-0.8mm, the aperture of the air suction hole is not too large, otherwise, the product formed by plastic suction is easy to generate defects or dizzy lines, the appearance is affected, and the aperture is not too small, so that the air suction hole is prevented from being blocked.
Furthermore, in the second step, the surface roughness of the joint surfaces of the upper mold and the lower mold is processed, so that the joint surfaces of the upper mold and the lower mold can be well attached after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed, the problem that air leakage is easily caused by a contact gap between the upper mold and the lower mold in the plastic suction molding process is solved, and the sealing performance of the closed upper mold and the closed lower mold is improved.
Further, in the second step, the surfaces of the upper die and the lower die are subjected to machining treatment for removing foreign matters such as burrs, sharp corners and the like, so that the surfaces are flat.
Further, in the second step, a mold release agent is applied to the cavity of the upper mold to smoothly perform mold release.
Furthermore, in the third step, when the upper die and the lower die are closed, a flexible substance is filled between the joint surfaces of the upper die and the lower die for ensuring the sealing performance after the closing.
Further, in step S3, when the female mold is formed by machining, the minimum wall thickness l of the mold body is 1 to 3 mm.
A hot forming plastic suction female die adopts the molding method.
Further, thermoforming plastic uptake bed die includes the mould main part, set up the die cavity in the mould main part, wear to locate in the mould main part and link up the multiunit aspirating hole of die cavity, the series connection hole of intercommunication multiunit aspirating hole and link up in series connection hole output and link up the total venthole that link up out the mould main part, the air inlet of aspirating hole is more far away to mould main part top layer plane, and its self length is short more, the series connection hole is set up in the mould main part, and its trend cooperatees with the shape of die cavity diapire, and this series connection hole begins to establish ties multiunit aspirating hole by short to long in proper order from total venthole.
Furthermore, the number of the holes of the air suction holes in the pit, corner or fillet area of the cavity is more than that of the holes in other positions in the cavity.
Furthermore, a plurality of groups of air exhaust holes are arranged in a fillet area between two vertical wall surfaces of the cavity, wherein part of the air exhaust holes are intersected with the fillet of the cavity.
Furthermore, sharp corners, edges and edge positions in the cavity are set to be rounded corners of R1-R3 mm.
Furthermore, the vertical wall surface in the cavity is provided with a demoulding inclination of 1-15 degrees.
Furthermore, the extraction hole comprises an air inlet section close to the side of the cavity and an exhaust section communicated with the side, far away from the side of the cavity, of the air inlet section, the aperture of the exhaust section is larger than that of the air inlet section, and the exhaust section is communicated with the series holes.
Furthermore, the air inlet section is connected with the air outlet section through a transition section.
Further, the aperture size of the air inlet section is 0.6-0.8 mm.
Furthermore, the plurality of groups of the air exhaust holes are all arranged to be vertical holes, and the axes of the air exhaust holes are vertical to the plane of the top layer of the die main body.
Furthermore, the exhaust ports of the plurality of groups of the exhaust holes are all located on the same plane.
Further, the distance from the exhaust port of the exhaust hole to the bottom wall of the mold main body is greater than the minimum wall thickness l of the mold main body.
Further, the series holes are horizontal series holes.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) with bleed passage design for the air inlet of series connection hole basis aspirating hole to the planar far and near of mould main part top layer, begin from far to near the structure of establishing ties multiunit aspirating hole in proper order from total venthole for the plastic uptake in-process, the size of negative pressure is steadilyd decrease in proper order to the shallowest play by the deepest of the die cavity of mould main part, has guaranteed by the quality of this female mould vacuum plastic uptake fashioned goods, simultaneously, negative pressure when can rational utilization vacuum adsorption again, improvement plastic uptake shaping production efficiency.
(2) Carry out the fillet with closed angle, edges and corners and edge position in the die cavity and handle, can prevent effectively that thermoplastic film plastic uptake in-process, the shape sudden change leads to thermoplastic film in the unable fashioned problem in this position, simultaneously, reduces aforementioned position and easily takes place stress concentration, heat concentration to deformation's defect when thermoplastic film plastic uptake shaping, and the fillet is handled and is made thermoplastic film can fully and the die cavity contact, has further guaranteed goods shaping quality.
(3) The proper demoulding inclination is set for the cavity of the mould main body, which is not only beneficial to ensuring the integrity of the plastic uptake of the thermoplastic film, but also can ensure the smooth demoulding of the plastic uptake formed product.
(4) Most of the aspirating holes are arranged in the concave pits, the corners or the fillet areas in the cavity, so that the adsorption positions of the thermoplastic films are increased, the thermoplastic films can be attached along the wall surface of the cavity, the shape of the product is closer to that of the cavity, the production quality of the molded product is ensured, and the rejection rate is reduced.
(5) The mode that divide into the mould embryo and carry out machining with the bed die not only has realized making a mould of bed die utensil, and the dismouting maintenance is convenient, and because of last mould and bed die can process simultaneously respectively again, so improved bed die utensil's production efficiency, simultaneously, also can be in long-term use, when one damages, only carries out corresponding change to effectively prolong the holistic life of bed die utensil, save the cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a female mold manufactured by a 3D printing method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional structure view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a female mold manufactured by machining.
Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional structure view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the mold body in the case where the molding surface in the cavity is a sector having a non-complete circle.
Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 7.
FIG. 9 is a comparison example of the distribution density per unit area of the air extraction holes in the pit, corner or rounded area in the cavity of the mold body of the present invention with that of the air extraction holes in the other area in the cavity (the rectangular frame in the figure indicates the number of the air extraction holes per unit area in different areas).
In the figure: the mold comprises a mold main body 1, a cavity 11, an upper mold 12, a lower mold 13, an air exhaust hole 2, an air exhaust section 21, an air inlet section 22, a transition section 23, a series hole 3 and a main air outlet hole 4.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings that illustrate the invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, a molding method of a thermoforming female mold includes the following steps:
s1, 3D modeling and constructing model data of the mold main body 1;
s2, constructing air exhaust channel data formed by communicating a plurality of groups of air exhaust holes 2, series holes 3 and a main air outlet 4 in a mould main body 1 model, wherein the air exhaust holes 2 are communicated to a cavity 11 of the mould main body 1, the direction of the series holes 3 is matched with the shape of the bottom wall of the cavity 11, the series holes 3 are sequentially connected in series with the plurality of groups of air exhaust holes 2 from far to near from the main air outlet 4 according to the distance from an air inlet of the air exhaust hole 2 to the top plane of the mould main body 1, and the main air outlet 4 is communicated with the mould main body 1;
and S3, manufacturing the female die by adopting a 3D printing or machining mode according to the construction data.
In particular, the plane of the top layer of the mould body 1 refers to the plane of the highest point of the outer surface of the whole mould body 1, which plane is generally parallel to the plane of the bottom wall of the corresponding mould body 1.
Because the inner wall of the hole can generate friction resistance to flowing air, the longer the channel of the hole through which the air flows, the larger the sum of the resistance to the flowing air, and when the deformation of the thermoplastic film is required to be smaller in the mold main body 1, the smaller the requirement for the negative pressure of the suction film, therefore, the closer the air inlet of the suction hole 2 to the top plane of the mold main body 1 (i.e. the shallower the cavity 11) is, the longer the channel is, the negative pressure is weakened by the longer channel, so as to ensure the deformation of the thermoplastic film at the position, and conversely, when the deformation of the thermoplastic film is required to be larger, the larger the requirement for the negative pressure of the suction film is, therefore, the farther the air inlet of the suction hole 2 to the top plane of the mold main body 1 (i.e. the deeper the cavity 11) is, the shorter the channel is, so as to reduce the loss of the channel to the negative pressure, therefore, in, the magnitude of the negative pressure can be ensured and is gradually reduced from the deepest part to the shallowest part of the cavity 11 of the die body 1.
In addition, because of the less position of thermoplastic film deformation, aspirating hole 2 is shorter to its adsorption time, and the great position of thermoplastic film deformation, aspirating hole 2 is longer to its adsorption time, so under tandem hole 3 adopted this series connection mode to multiunit aspirating hole 2, can make the less position of thermoplastic film deformation accomplish the deformation back, the thermoplastic film covers to this aspirating hole 2 position department, carry out the shutoff to it, at this moment, the air that flows in tandem hole 3 then concentrates on still not accomplishing on the aspirating hole 2 of plastic uptake (in the aspirating hole 2 of the great position department of thermoplastic film deformation promptly), form bigger adsorption affinity in this aspirating hole 2, the quick shaping of supplementary thermoplastic film, the plastic uptake shaping efficiency of whole thermoplastic film has effectively been improved, the plastic uptake time has been shortened.
Further, comprising the steps of: and (3) rounding the position needing rounding in the die main body 1.
Further, the rounding process is performed after step S1, and is set to be rounded at R1-R3mm according to the size specification of sharp corners, edges and edges in the cavity 11 of the mold body 1.
Specifically, if there are sharp corners, edges and edges in the cavity 11, the tip portion cannot transfer absorbed heat when the thermoplastic film is heated, and more heat is easily accumulated, thereby also causing deformation of the female mold having low heat resistance and reducing its service life.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: the cavity 11 of the mold body 1 is subjected to a draft treatment.
Further, the draft process is performed after step S1, and draft is provided to the vertical wall portion in the cavity 11 of the mold body 1, wherein the draft is set between 1 ° and 15 °.
Specifically, with respect to the vertical wall surface in the cavity 11, as the depth thereof increases, the amount of deformation of the thermoplastic film increases, so that the thermoplastic film does not easily adhere to the wall surface of the cavity 11, and a proper draft angle of the mold release gradually slows down the amount of deformation, thereby contributing to the integrity of the blister, and further, in the female mold, the draft angle of the general structure position thereof is preferably set to 3 ° to 5 °, and the draft angle of the more complicated portion thereof may be set to 5 ° to 10 °.
Further, in the step S2, the number of the extraction holes 2 provided in the cavity 11 is configured by the following steps:
step (1), artificially designing the number of the air pumping holes 2 of the pit, corner or fillet area in the cavity 11 according to the number of the pit, corner or fillet area and combining specific conditions (including comprehensively considering the evacuation capability and the balance of each part in the die body 1 and determining by combining a forming process);
step (2) measuring the maximum hole unit area number density rho (number/mm) in the step (1)2)；
Step (3) passing a formula
The hole unit area number density ρ' (one/mm) of the suction holes 2 in the non-pit, corner or fillet region in the cavity 11 is calculated2) And omega is 1.2-1.5, and the number of the air extraction holes 2 is designed and referred according to rho'.
Further, in the step (1), when the positions of the pumping holes 2 in the pit, corner or fillet region are arranged in an array form, the arrangement of the hole positions is preferably designed such that the center of the array or the axis of the array is close to the center or the axis of the shape of the designed region.
Further, in the step (3), when the air extraction holes 2 in the non-pit, corner or fillet area are arranged in an array form, the minimum relative distance between the air extraction holes 2 can be as close as 5mm, and for a large-area molding surface, the relative distance is preferably 10-50 mm.
Further, most of the groups of the air extraction holes 2 are arranged in the pit, corner or fillet area in the cavity 11 of the mold body 1, that is, at the position where the pit, corner or fillet area requires to be formed more finely, the distribution density of the air extraction holes 2 should be increased in a unit area, and the increase ratio can be increased to 1.2-1.5 times of the distribution density of the air extraction holes 2 in the non-aforementioned area according to the local details and the structural complexity, that is, the distribution density of the air extraction holes 2 in the pit, corner or fillet area in the cavity 11 of the mold body 1 in the unit area is set to be 1.2-1.5 times of the distribution density of the air extraction holes 2 in the other area in the cavity 11 in the unit area.
Further, for the air extraction holes 2 in the cavity 11 of the mold body 1 near the fillet between the two vertical wall surfaces, a part of the air extraction holes 2 intersects with the fillet at the position, wherein the part of the air extraction holes 2 refers to the layer of the air extraction holes 2 closest to the fillet.
Further, the axes of the plurality of groups of extraction holes 2 are all set to be perpendicular to the top plane of the die body 1, run through and extend to a position with a certain distance b from the bottom wall of the die body 1, and are communicated with the series holes 3, wherein the certain distance b is larger than the minimum wall thickness l of the die body 1.
Specifically, if the inclined air extraction hole 2 has to be used for processing or the like, an included angle between an axis of the air extraction hole 2 and a normal line of a cut plane of the inclined air extraction hole is required to be ensured not to be larger than 15 degrees so as to avoid the problems that the wall thickness of the mold body 1 is too small, the strength of the mold body 1 is easily reduced at a thin wall position and the service life of the mold body 1 is easily prolonged, and in addition, the calculation of the minimum wall thickness l of the mold body 1 is required to be comprehensively considered and calculated according to the shape of a female mold, the material of the mold, the material of a thermoplastic film applied to the plastic suction molding.
Furthermore, the stop planes of the groups of the air exhaust holes 2 are all positioned on the same plane parallel to the top plane of the die main body 1, and the groups of the air exhaust holes 2 are horizontally connected in series through the series holes 3.
Further, when the molding surface in the cavity 11 of the mold main body 1 is in a regular shape, the air pumping holes 2 are arranged in an array form, that is, the air pumping holes 2 can be arranged in an array form such as a linear array or a circumferential array.
Further, when the molding surface in the cavity 11 of the mold main body 1 is rectangular or circular, most of the plurality of groups of the air exhaust holes 2 need to be distributed in the pit, corner or fillet area in the cavity 11 of the mold main body 1 on the premise of meeting the minimum wall thickness l of the mold main body 1, and the air exhaust holes 2 at the other positions need to be distributed in an array form, that is, the distribution density of the air exhaust holes 2 in the pit, corner or fillet area in the molding surface in the unit area is set to be 1.2-1.5 times of the distribution density of the air exhaust holes 2 in the other areas in the molding surface in the unit area, and the air exhaust holes 2 in the other areas need to be distributed in the array form.
Specifically, the minimum wall thickness l satisfying the requirement of the mold body 1 refers to the minimum distance from one surface of the mold body 1 to the other surface, and the surface is all the surface of the mold body 1 contacting with air, and includes the minimum wall thickness from one wall surface of the cavity 11 to the other wall surface, the distance between the adjacent hole walls of the air extraction holes 2, the minimum distance from the hole walls of the air extraction holes 2 to the edge of the mold body 1, the minimum distance from the hole walls of the air extraction holes 2 to the bottom wall of the mold body 1, and the like, which all need to be greater than the minimum wall thickness of the mold body 1, so as to ensure the strength and the service life of the mold body 1.
Further, when the molding surface in the cavity 11 of the mold body 1 is in the shape of a non-circular sector, the angle difference of each set of the air exhaust holes 2 on the circumference needs to be satisfied on the premise of the minimum wall thickness l of the mold body 1
While also satisfying the formula
To ensure the minimum wall thickness, wherein alpha is the sector central angle, l is the minimum wall thickness, R is the radius of the air extraction hole 2, R is the distance from the section center of the air extraction hole 2 to the sector center, and beta is the number of holes distributed on the circumference.
Now, more specifically, taking a female mold having a molding surface in the cavity 11 of the mold body 1 in a regular shape as an example, the molding method of the thermoforming blister female mold is as follows:
s1, drawing the 3D shape of the female die through 3D modeling according to product design requirements, chamfering sharp corners, edges and edges in the cavity 11 of the die body 1, and setting demoulding slopes on the vertical wall surface part in the cavity 11 of the die body 1, so as to complete the construction of the model data of the die body 1;
s2, in the model of the main body 1 of the mold in the step S1, according to the structure of the main body 1, and comprehensively considering the evacuation capability and the balance of each part in the main body 1, the combination molding process and the like, the arrangement number and the positions of the extraction holes 2 are determined, so that most of the extraction holes 2 are arranged in the pit, corner or fillet area (wherein, the extraction holes 2 are arranged in the cavity 11 of the main body 1 and near the fillet between two vertical wall surfaces, so that part of the extraction holes 2 are intersected with the fillet at the position) in the cavity 11 of the main body 1, the rest extraction holes 2 are arranged on the regular molding surface in the cavity 11 of the main body 1 in an array form, and the stop planes of a plurality of groups of the extraction holes 2 are all arranged on the same plane parallel to the top plane of the main body 1, and the distance from the end part to the bottom wall of the main body 1 is larger than the minimum wall thickness l of the, meanwhile, the direction of the serial holes 3 is matched with the shape of the bottom wall of the cavity 11, and a plurality of groups of the air exhaust holes 2 are sequentially connected in series from far to near from the position of the main air outlet hole 4 according to the distance from the air inlet of the air exhaust hole 2 to the top plane of the die main body 1, in addition, the main air outlet hole 4 penetrates through the die main body 1, and therefore the construction of the air exhaust channel data on the die main body 1 is completed;
and S3, manufacturing the required female die by adopting a 3D printing or machining mode according to the data constructed in the step S1 and the step S2.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the difference from the first embodiment is that, in step S3 of the first embodiment, when the female mold is manufactured by the 3D printing method,
1) for the manufacture of the air exhaust hole 2, a draft angle of 0-5 degrees is required to be manufactured according to the length of the air exhaust hole 2, the diameter d of the minimum position is larger than 2mm, and specifically, the draft direction of the draft angle of 0-5 degrees is the gradually outward expanding direction from the bottom wall side of the cavity 11 to the bottom wall side of the mold main body 1;
2) the cross section of the serial hole 3 is set to be a regular triangle;
3) the minimum wall thickness l of the die body 1 is greater than 3mm, the internal filling rate of the die body 1 is 60% -90%, and the minimum wall thickness l is as dense as possible, specifically, for a female die for 3D printing, the heat resistance of the female die is not good, so the wall thickness needs to be increased to prolong the service life of the female die, the 3D printing is layer-by-layer stacking printing, but the problems of cost, time and the like of the 3D printing are considered, in order to save materials and accelerate the printing speed, a solid body part designed in modeling is usually not printed to be solid, the 3D printing can print the outermost layer with a solid wall thickness, a mesh structure which is not 100% can be used for replacing the inside of the wall thickness, the density degree of the mesh structure is the internal filling rate, the internal filling rate of the female die is not suitable for reaching 100%, but the filling rate which is too small is easy to deform the, the surface flatness is changed, and the film absorption is affected, so that the internal filling rate of the female die is required to be controlled between 60% and 90%, and the female die is required to be as compact as possible, wherein the compact as possible means that the density of the net structure with the internal filling rate in the range of 60% to 90% is as compact as possible under the condition that the conditions allow.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 3 to 6, the difference from the first embodiment is that, in step S3 of the first embodiment, the manufacturing of the female mold by machining includes the following steps:
dividing a die blank for a female die into an upper die 12 and a lower die 13 according to the processing position of a serial hole 3 to be processed;
step two, in the upper die 12, milling the cavity 11 of the die body 1 according to the model data constructed in the step S1 of the first embodiment, opening the extraction holes 2 on the upper die 12 according to the model data constructed in the step S2 of the first embodiment, and simultaneously opening the serial holes 3 and the total vent holes 4 on the lower die 13 according to the model data constructed in the step S2 of the first embodiment;
and step three, closing the upper die 12 and the lower die 13 machined in the step two to form a female die.
Specifically, the upper die 12 mainly expresses a cavity 11 and an extraction hole 2, the cavity 11 structure of the female die can be obtained by 3D engraving and finish machining through a milling cutter, and the vertical extraction hole 2 can be obtained by drilling; the lower die 13 mainly expresses the horizontal series holes 3 and the total gas outlet holes 4, which are also obtained using a milling cutter and drilling, i.e. the horizontal series holes 3 are milled by the milling cutter on the upper surface of the lower die 13, while the total gas outlet holes 4 are obtained by drilling with a drill.
Further, in the second step, when the air extraction holes are formed in the upper mold, the top plane of the upper mold 12 is used as a reference plane, and the air extraction holes 2 are drilled.
Specifically, generally for convenient processing, set up aspirating hole 2 into vertical hole, at this moment, to the drilling processing of aspirating hole 2, adopt by the plane relative with the top layer plane for boring into the plane go on.
Further, in the second step, the extraction hole 2 in the upper mold 12 is processed by a segmented opening method, and the specific process is as follows:
a. processing an exhaust section 21 from the bottom wall of the upper die 12 to the direction close to the cavity 11;
b. an air inlet section 22 penetrating to the cavity 11 is arranged on the basis of the air outlet section 21 to form an air outlet hole, wherein the aperture of the air outlet section 21 is larger than that of the air inlet section 22.
Further, the length of the exhaust section 21 is greater than the length of the intake section 22.
Further, for a steel female die, the aperture size of the air inlet section 22 is 0.6-0.8 mm.
Further, in the second step, the surface roughness treatment is also performed on the bonding surfaces of the upper die 12 and the lower die 13, respectively.
Further, in the second step, the surfaces of the upper die 12 and the lower die 13 are subjected to machining treatment for removing foreign matters such as burrs and sharp corners, so that the surfaces are flat.
Further, in the second step, a release agent is applied to the cavity 11 of the upper mold 12 to smoothly release the mold.
Specifically, the thermoplastic film can be bonded with the surface of the female die when heated to a certain temperature, and is automatically attached to the female die, so that the thermoplastic film has certain self-sealing property, and the sealing property during air exhaust can be ensured. However, if the surface roughness is too large, the film is not easily released during the releasing process due to the adhesion, and if the surface is too smooth, the space between the female mold and the thermoplastic film is too small, which results in the failure of gas discharge and the generation of surface defects such as air bubbles or wavy marks on the surface of the thermoformed article. Therefore, in order to avoid the surface defect of the formed product, the cavity 11 of the finally manufactured female die does not need to be subjected to surface treatment, and the phenomenon of die sticking can be prevented by a reverse compressed air method during demoulding under the premise of controlling the surface roughness of the cavity 11 of the female die to be proper.
Further, in the third step, when the upper mold 12 and the lower mold 13 are closed, a flexible material is filled between the joint surfaces of the upper mold and the lower mold to ensure the sealing property after the closing.
Specifically, the flexible material may be, for example, a rubber ring to assist in sealing the interface between the upper mold 12 and the lower mold 13 to prevent air leakage.
Further, when the female die is manufactured by adopting a machining mode, the minimum wall thickness l of the die body 1 is 1-3 mm.
In particular, the wall thickness of the female mould needs to be of a minimum value, considering that the latter needs to be well gas-tight and to have a certain pressure resistance. For metal or other molds with excellent heat resistance, the wall thickness of the female mold can be relatively thin, the wall thickness can be properly reduced on the premise of good air tightness and qualified bearing so as to reduce the weight of the female mold, and the minimum wall thickness can be selected to be 1-3mm according to the difference of the plasticity of the thermoplastic film.
Example four
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a thermoforming female mold adopts the molding method in the first to third embodiments.
Further, thermoforming plastic uptake bed die includes mould main part 1, set up the die cavity 11 on mould main part 1, wear to locate on mould main part 1 and link up multiunit aspirating hole 2 of die cavity 11, the series connection hole 3 of intercommunication multiunit aspirating hole 2, and link up in the 3 output in series connection hole and link up out total venthole 4 of mould main part 1, the air inlet of aspirating hole 2 is far away to 1 top layer plane of mould main part, its self length is short more, series connection hole 3 sets up on mould main part 1, its trend cooperatees with the shape of die cavity 11 diapire, and this series connection hole 3 begins from total venthole 4 and establishes ties multiunit aspirating hole 2 by short to long in proper order.
Further, the number of the pumping holes 2 in the pit, corner or fillet area of the cavity 11 is greater than that in other positions of the cavity 11.
Furthermore, a plurality of groups of air exhaust holes 2 are arranged in a fillet area between two vertical wall surfaces of the cavity 11, wherein part of the air exhaust holes 2 are intersected with the fillet of the cavity 11.
Further, sharp corners, edges and edge positions in the cavity 11 are set to be rounded corners of R1-R3 mm.
Further, the vertical wall surface in the cavity 11 is provided with a demoulding inclination of 1-15 degrees.
Further, the air exhaust hole 2 comprises an air inlet section 22 close to the side of the cavity 11 and an air exhaust section 21 communicated with the side of the air inlet section 22 far from the cavity 11, the aperture of the air exhaust section 21 is larger than that of the air inlet section 22, and the air exhaust section 21 is communicated with the serial holes 3.
Further, the air inlet section 22 is connected with the air outlet section 21 through a transition section 23.
Further, the aperture size of the air inlet section 22 is 0.6-0.8 mm.
Further, the plurality of groups of air exhaust holes 2 are all arranged to be vertical holes, and the axes of the air exhaust holes are perpendicular to the plane of the top layer of the die main body 1.
Further, the exhaust ports of the plurality of groups of the exhaust holes 2 are all located on the same plane.
Further, the distance from the exhaust port of the exhaust hole 2 to the bottom wall of the mold body 1 is greater than the minimum wall thickness l of the mold body 1.
Further, the serial holes 3 are horizontal serial holes 3.
The thermoforming plastic suction female die manufactured by the method has the following advantages:
1. by the aid of the female die, a packaging shell (product) is prepared by a female die vacuum negative pressure method, and compared with a preparation method of male die pressing, the thickness of the produced packaging shell (product) is more uniform, and the process is safer;
2. the hole position distribution of the female die in the application can utilize the vacuum pressure to the maximum extent, and effectively prevent the damage of the thermoplastic film on the basis that the finished product of the packaging shell (product) is close to the die as far as possible;
3. the female die is provided with the proper round angle, so that stress concentration can be prevented, the thermoplastic film is fully contacted with the die, deformation is buffered, and heat concentration is prevented;
4. the female die in the application is provided with a proper demoulding inclination, which is beneficial to the integrity of plastic uptake and is beneficial to smooth demoulding of finished products;
5. female die utensil in this application sets up suitable mould roughness (wherein, to the female die utensil that adopts 3D printing mode preparation, its finished product generally need not to carry out surface treatment and can satisfy roughness requirement, and to the female die utensil that adopts the machining mode preparation, need carry out the foreign matter processing such as deburring, closed angle to the finished product surface, make its surface level can, also can paint the release agent to it and guarantee that the drawing of patterns is smooth), can avoid leading to the problem of difficult drawing of patterns because the adhesion effect of film in the drawing of patterns process, prevent that the shaping goods from producing surface defect, need not carry out surface treatment in order to guarantee the final packaging shell (goods) finished product of making.
6. The female die in this application sets up suitable wall thickness, can guarantee its gas tightness and integrality and have under sufficient life's the prerequisite, and furthest reduces female die weight, reduces the cost.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention should be covered by the present patent.
Claims (10)
1. A molding method of a hot forming plastic suction female die is characterized in that: the molding method of the thermoforming plastic suction female die comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing model data of the mold main body (1) by 3D modeling;
s2, constructing air exhaust channel data formed by communicating a plurality of groups of air exhaust holes (2), series holes (3) and a main air outlet (4) in a mould body (1), wherein the air exhaust holes (2) are communicated with a cavity (11) of the mould body (1), the direction of the series holes (3) is matched with the shape of the bottom wall of the cavity (11), the series holes (3) are sequentially connected in series with the plurality of groups of air exhaust holes (2) from far to near from the main air outlet (4) according to the distance from an air inlet of the air exhaust holes (2) to the top plane of the mould body (1), and the main air outlet (4) is communicated with the mould body (1);
and S3, manufacturing the female die by adopting a 3D printing or machining mode according to the construction data.
2. The molding method of the thermoforming female mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: further comprising the steps of: and (3) rounding the position needing rounding in the die main body (1).
3. The molding method of the thermoforming female mold according to claim 2, characterized in that: the distribution density of the air extraction holes (2) in the pit, corner or fillet area in the cavity (11) of the die body (1) in unit area is set to be 1.2-1.5 times of the distribution density of the air extraction holes (2) in other areas in the cavity (11).
4. The molding method of the thermoforming female mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: the axes of the plurality of groups of the air pumping holes (2) are all arranged to be perpendicular to the top plane of the die main body (1), run through and extend to a position with a certain distance b from the bottom wall of the die main body (1) and are communicated with the series holes (3), wherein the certain distance b is larger than the minimum wall thickness l of the die main body (1).
5. The molding method of the thermoforming female mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stop planes of the groups of the air exhaust holes (2) are all positioned on the same plane parallel to the top plane of the die main body (1), and the groups of the air exhaust holes (2) are horizontally connected in series through the series holes (3).
6. The molding method of the thermoforming female mold according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: when the molding surface in the cavity (11) of the mold main body (1) is in a regular shape, the air suction holes (2) are distributed in an array form.
7. The molding method of the thermoforming female mold according to claim 6, characterized in that: when the forming surface in the cavity (11) of the die main body (1) is rectangular or circular, the distribution density of the air suction holes (2) in the pit, corner or fillet area in the forming surface in a unit area needs to be set to be 1.2-1.5 times of the distribution density of the air suction holes (2) in other areas in the forming surface on the premise of meeting the minimum wall thickness l of the die main body (1), and the air suction holes (2) in other areas are distributed in an array form.
8. The molding method of the thermoforming female mold according to claim 6, characterized in that: when the molding surface in the cavity (11) of the mold main body (1) is in a non-full-circle sector shape, the angle difference of each group of the air suction holes (2) on the circumference needs to be met on the premise of meeting the minimum wall thickness l of the mold main body (1)
While also satisfying the formula
The minimum wall thickness is ensured, wherein alpha is a sector central angle, l is the minimum wall thickness, R is the radius of the air extraction hole (2), R is the distance from the section center of the air extraction hole (2) to the sector center, and beta is the number of holes distributed on the circumference.
9. The utility model provides a thermoforming plastic uptake female mold which characterized in that: the thermoforming female blister is molded by the molding method of the thermoforming female blister according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The thermoforming female mold of claim 9, wherein: thermoforming plastic suction bed die includes mould main part (1), set up die cavity (11) on mould main part (1), wear to locate on mould main part (1) and link up multiunit bleeder vent (2) of die cavity (11), the series connection hole (3) of intercommunication multiunit bleeder vent (2) and link up in series connection hole (3) output and link up total venthole (4) of having a perfect understanding out mould main part (1), the air inlet of bleeder vent (2) is far away more to mould main part (1) top layer plane, and its self length is short more, set up on mould main part (1) in series connection hole (3), its trend cooperatees with the shape of die cavity (11) diapire, and this series connection hole (3) begin to establish ties multiunit bleeder vent (2) in proper order by short to long from total venthole (4).
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