CN112138110A - Preparation method of 'Xiaoyao shortbread' compound preparation and application of 'Xiaoyao shortbread' compound preparation in preparation of medicines for preventing or treating fatigue - Google Patents
Preparation method of 'Xiaoyao shortbread' compound preparation and application of 'Xiaoyao shortbread' compound preparation in preparation of medicines for preventing or treating fatigue Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a compound preparation named Xiaoyao crisp prepared from angelica keiskei, dioscorea opposita, barley leaves, hawthorn, dried orange peel and the like, and application of the compound preparation in preparation of a medicine for preventing or treating fatigue. The compound preparation is prepared by mixing extracts of angelica keiskei, dioscorea opposita thunb, barley leaves, hawthorn and dried orange peel, and experiments prove that the compound preparation can prolong the weight-bearing swimming exhaustion time of mice and achieve the effect of preventing fatigue. Meanwhile, the compound preparation can reduce the blood lactic acid level and the urea nitrogen content in the blood of the mouse after exercise, improve the liver glycogen content in the body of the mouse after exercise and provide sufficient exercise energy for the mouse. Finally, long-term and large-dose experimental feeding shows that the compound preparation has no damage influence on organs of the heart, the liver, the spleen, the stomach, the kidney and the like of the mouse. The preparation for treating fatigue has the advantages of clear effective components, definite curative effect, safety, no toxic or side effect, easy implementation of the related extraction method and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicines, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a composite preparation named Xiaoyao crisp prepared from angelica keiskei, dioscorea opposita, barley leaves, hawthorn and dried orange peel and application of the composite preparation in preparation of a medicine for preventing or treating fatigue.
Background
Fatigue is a subjective discomfort sensation manifested by weakness, anorexia and muscular soreness, and in severe cases, low fever, headache, swollen and painful lymph nodes and depression. Clinically, the patients also mainly complain, and the manifestations are various, and the patients lack specific abnormal signs and laboratory examination values, so the diagnosis is difficult and the patients are easy to ignore. The chronic fatigue state causes mental disorder, and diseases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, digestive system diseases and immune system diseases appear.
The factors causing fatigue in life are many and complex, and often, several factors are superposed to cause fatigue. Common physiological factors such as insufficient sleep, unreasonable diet or malnutrition and the like; psychological factors such as mental stress, excessive joy and sorrow and psychological stress; noise, air pollution and closed environment. The explanation of fatigue in western medicine is that due to accumulation of lactic acid and other metabolites, decreased muscle tone, decreased exercise durability and less storage of sugar in muscles and human body, it is unable to provide energy for metabolism and exercise of the body. The pathogenesis is not clear at present, and scientists guess the reasons for the virus infection, the immune system damage, the body hormone disorder, the neuropsychiatric disorder and the like. With the increasing pressure of people on learning, working and living, more and more people face the trouble of fatigue, so that it is important to overcome the fatigue.
Due to the undefined pathogenesis, no radical treatment is currently available for fatigue, but only for alleviating the condition and treating the symptoms. Common treatments include antiviral, immunosuppressive, antidepressant, anticholinergic drugs, hormones, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and the like, and tests prove that no positive result exists. It is reported that fractionated exercise therapy improves the symptoms of fatigue in patients, but requires long-term adherence and repeated episodes of illness once given up.
The traditional Chinese medicine has a recognition on fatigue early, and the plain questions, shown in the monograph treatise, point out that: liver deficiency, kidney deficiency and spleen deficiency all cause the human body to be seriously troubled. Meanwhile, the book Su Wen Liu Ji zang Bing Lun mentions "liver, root of the strike". The traditional Chinese medicine clearly indicates that the dysfunction of liver, spleen, kidney and other organs is the main cause of fatigue. Provides the idea of soothing the liver, invigorating the stomach and spleen and tonifying the kidney and essence to improve the fatigue. Although experts and scholars have reported to relieve fatigue and even obtain a part of curative effects by using Chinese herbal medicines and acupuncture in recent years, at present, few researches are conducted on the theory of the relation of the liver deficiency, kidney deficiency and spleen deficiency on the fatigue influence, and the researches are incomplete, and the related experiments of modern medicine are less and not deep.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a medicament for preventing or treating fatigue.
The inventor of the application has been dedicated to research the pathogenesis of chronic liver injury (including chronic diseases such as fatty liver, liver cancer and the like) for many years, and has the symptoms of sleepiness and weakness (belonging to the category of fatigue signs) in liver disease friends; in the clinical work, people suffering from gastritis (accompanied by dyspepsia such as after meal fullness, acid regurgitation, belching and irregular abdominal pain) or wanting to lose weight (accompanied by symptoms of poor appetite and anorexia) are observed to have weak qi and weakness, even the people can not concentrate attention in the prior art, and feel difficult to continue to use the force; also, the patients with kidney diseases such as chronic nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hyperuricemic nephropathy, etc. often show edema and fatigue of lower limbs. The disease symptoms of these diseases are all focused on fatigue. However, even though many medical scientists know more or less that the liver diseases, stomach diseases, even kidney diseases and the like are closely related to fatigue, the medical scientists do not effectively grasp and use some western medicines and traditional Chinese medicines to quickly and safely eliminate the fatigue. The reason is that the western medicine considers that fatigue is a subjective uncomfortable feeling and is mainly closely related to the deficiency of vitamins (such as vitamin B group), calcium, magnesium and other elements in the body; traditional Chinese medicine considers that fatigue belongs to the range of deficiency syndromes, including spleen deficiency, kidney deficiency, qi deficiency, yin deficiency and the like, and can be treated by adopting a tonifying method. The most famous representative prescription is the decoction for strengthening the middle-jiao and replenishing qi (astragalus, liquorice, ginseng, angelica, orange peel, cimicifuga foetida, radix bupleuri and rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae), which really relieves much confusion of the consumptive disease of the Chinese people, but scientific researches find that the astragalus, the cimicifuga foetida, the radix bupleuri and the like in the prescription can not be used for a long time or in large quantities, otherwise, pruritus, erythra and liver and kidney toxicity which is difficult to ignore can be induced correspondingly. In other words, the known traditional Chinese medicine with certain curative effect on fatigue elimination also has potential safety hazard which does not arouse attention of people, and the generation and development of fatigue are not fundamentally eliminated by the proper intake of vitamin B group, calcium, magnesium and other elements.
Based on the current situation in the field, the inventor of the application carefully selects good products related to the organ inflammation relief from vegetables and fruits according to the principle of 'homology of food and medicine' and the principle of safety to the above to find out whether the scientific compatibility of the raw material essence can help to prevent and treat fatigue. First, we know the prevention and treatment effects of Angelica keiskei (academic name, Gynura procumbens) on liver injury: long-term research and a large number of experimental results prove that the angelica keiskei has the effects of improving fatty liver and preventing and treating malignant cancer; and presumably has the potential to prevent liver damage by reducing hepatocyte apoptosis based on the accumulation of research for decades. Therefore, the inventor believes that it is possible that Angelica keiskei koidz can effectively release toxin in vivo and maintain necessary energy metabolism to achieve the effect of relieving fatigue of the body while ensuring the normal number of hepatocytes or improving the metabolic environment of hepatocytes. Secondly, the Chinese yam recorded in the Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015) has the effects of tonifying spleen and nourishing stomach, tonifying kidney and arresting seminal emission; and basic research shows that the dioscorea opposita thunb can be used for treating weakness of spleen and stomach, poor appetite and tiredness. Meanwhile, the Chinese yam polysaccharide is reported to have the function of relieving the renal failure so as to achieve the function of improving the renal function; if the kidney function is reasonably maintained, old waste in vivo can be completely promoted or accelerated to be discharged out of the body through the kidney in the form of urine, so that the effect of purifying blood is achieved, and the fatigue can be relieved. Furthermore, barley leaf products are more popular functional foods in hong Kong, Japan, North America, southeast Asia and the like in recent years. The barley leaves contain a large amount of dietary fiber, so that the barley can promote intestinal tract motility, reasonably maintain the balance of intestinal flora, help digestion and to a certain extent quickly remove metabolic wastes (such as ammonia gas and the like) in the intestinal tract. Recent studies show that barley leaves can reduce the uric acid level of hyperuricemia mice and have a protective effect on the kidney. Certainly, the hawthorn contains various organic acids, and after the hawthorn is taken orally, the acidity of gastric juice is enhanced, the activity of pepsin is improved, and the digestion of protein is promoted. Tangerine peel, pericarpium Citri Reticulatae regulates qi and invigorates spleen, and is used with Hawthorn fruit, for food retention, qi stagnation, abdominal distension and pain, to promote digestion, eliminate the symptoms of restlessness due to stomach disharmony, and improve sleep.
By combining the medical theory of the traditional Chinese medicine of liver qi dredging, stomach and spleen invigorating and kidney essence benefiting, the applicant utilizes the raw material essence of 'food and medicine homology' taking liver qi dredging as the key point and strengthening spleen and stomach and kidney essence benefiting as an adjuvant to make a large amount of scientific experimental researches on whether the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao crisp' has the curative effect of improving fatigue, and researches the prevention effect of the administration of the 'Xiaoyao crisp' on corresponding diseases by establishing a fatigue mouse model (weight bearing swimming). Research results show that the compound preparation named Xiaoyao crisp can obviously prolong the exhaustion time of mice in heavy swimming, and achieve the effect of preventing fatigue. Meanwhile, a fatigue mouse model (load swimming) is established, the levels of blood lactic acid and urea nitrogen in blood and the content of hepatic glycogen in liver of a mouse after exercise are measured, and the result shows that the compound preparation can reduce the content of urea nitrogen in the blood of the mouse after exercise, improve the content of hepatic glycogen in the liver of the mouse after exercise, and provide sufficient exercise energy for the mouse. Finally, the applicant feeds the compound preparation for the mouse with large dose for a long time, and experimental feeding results show that the compound preparation has no obvious toxic or side effect on organs of the mouse such as heart, liver, spleen, stomach, kidney and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
a method for extracting a compound preparation named Xiaoyao crisp from angelica keiskei, dioscorea opposita, barley Ruye, hawthorn and dried orange peel sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing angelica keiskei extract extractum, dioscorea opposita extract extractum, barley blumea extract extractum, hawthorn extract extractum and dried orange peel extract extractum;
(2) uniformly mixing the angelica keiskei extract, the dioscorea opposita extract, the barley leaf extract, the hawthorn extract and the dried orange peel extract in the weight ratio of (10-30) to (1-5) to 1, and then crushing to obtain mixed extract powder;
(3) adding a mixture which is 1-2 times of the weight of the mixed extract powder obtained in the step (2) and consists of starch and dextrin, uniformly mixing, adding an ethanol water solution in a spraying mode under stirring, uniformly mixing to prepare a soft material, and then granulating to obtain a Xiaoyao crisp composite preparation;
the weight ratio of the starch to the dextrin in the mixture of the starch and the dextrin added in the step (3) is (3-6): 1.
further, the method for extracting the compound preparation named Xiaoyao crisp from angelica keiskei, dioscorea opposita, barley leaves, hawthorn and dried orange peel comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of Angelica keiskei extract
Pulverizing dry stems and leaves of Angelica keiskei, placing into an extraction tank, adding ethanol water solution, stirring and extracting for at least 2 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain Angelica keiskei extract;
(2) preparation of Chinese yam extract
Pulverizing dried rhizoma Dioscoreae, placing into an extraction tank, adding water, stirring and extracting for at least 2 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae extract;
(3) preparation of barley Ruye extract
Pulverizing dried folium Hordei vulgaris, placing into an extraction tank, adding water, stirring and extracting for at least 2 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain folium Hordei vulgaris extract;
(4) preparation of hawthorn extract
Pulverizing dried fructus crataegi, placing into an extraction tank, adding ethanol water solution, stirring and extracting for at least 2 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain fructus crataegi extract;
(5) preparation of dried orange peel extract
Pulverizing dried pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, placing into an extraction tank, adding ethanol water solution, stirring and extracting for at least 2 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain pericarpium Citri Tangerinae extract;
(6) uniformly mixing the angelica keiskei extract obtained in the step (1), the dioscorea opposita extract obtained in the step (2), the barley-folium hedyotis extract obtained in the step (3), the hawthorn extract obtained in the step (4) and the dried orange peel extract obtained in the step (5) according to the weight ratio of (10-30) to (1-5) to 1, and then crushing to obtain mixed extract powder;
(7) adding a mixture which is 1-2 times of the weight of the mixed extract powder obtained in the step (6) and consists of starch and dextrin, wherein the weight ratio of the starch to the dextrin in the mixture is (3-6): 1, adding ethanol water solution to prepare soft materials, and then granulating to obtain the composite preparation named Xiaoyao crisp.
Furthermore, a method for extracting a composite preparation named Xiaoyao crisp from angelica keiskei, dioscorea opposita, barley leaves, hawthorn and dried orange peel comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of Angelica keiskei extract
Pulverizing dried Angelica keiskei, placing into an extraction tank, adding 50-80 v/v% ethanol water solution, extracting at 60-80 deg.C for 1-2 hr for 2-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain Angelica keiskei extract;
(2) preparation of Chinese yam extract
Pulverizing dried rhizoma Dioscoreae, placing into an extraction tank, adding water, extracting at 50-80 deg.C for 1-1.5 hr for 2-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae extract;
(3) preparation of barley Ruye extract
Pulverizing dried folium Hordei vulgaris, placing into an extraction tank, adding water, extracting at 50-80 deg.C for 1-1.5 hr for 2-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain folium Hordei vulgaris extract;
(4) preparation of hawthorn extract
Pulverizing dried fructus crataegi, placing into extraction tank, adding 70-90 v/v% ethanol water solution, extracting at 50-80 deg.C for 1-1.5 hr for 2-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain fructus crataegi extract;
(5) preparation of dried orange peel extract
Pulverizing dried pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, placing into an extraction tank, adding 70-90 v/v% ethanol water solution, extracting at 60-80 deg.C for 1-1.5 hr for 2-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain pericarpium Citri Tangerinae extract;
(6) uniformly mixing the angelica keiskei extract obtained in the step (1), the dioscorea opposita extract obtained in the step (2), the barley-folium hedyotis extract obtained in the step (3), the hawthorn extract obtained in the step (4) and the dried orange peel extract obtained in the step (5) according to the weight ratio of (10-25) to (15-25) to (10) to (2.5-5) to 1, and then crushing to obtain mixed extract powder;
(7) adding a mixture which is 1-2 times of the weight of the mixed extract powder obtained in the step (6) and consists of starch and dextrin, wherein the weight ratio of the starch to the dextrin in the mixture is (3-6): 1, adding 95 v/v% ethanol water solution to prepare soft materials, and then granulating to obtain the composite preparation named Xiaoyao crisp.
Furthermore, the pulverization in the present invention refers to pulverization to 80-200 mesh.
The invention also provides application of the composite preparation 'Xiaoyao crisp' prepared by the preparation method in preparing a medicine for preventing or treating fatigue, and scientific experiments prove that the composite preparation has obvious effect, safety and reliability.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the raw materials required by the composite preparation, namely the Xiaoyao crisp, are all taken as good products of food and medicine homology, are natural, safe and reliable, and the whole extraction method and preparation process are simple, easy to implement and low in cost, and can be accepted by vast friends.
2. The compound preparation 'Xiaoyao shortbread' prepared by the invention can effectively prevent and treat fatigue, and is shown in the effect of prolonging the exhaustion time of mouse weight bearing swimming and achieving the effect of preventing fatigue. Meanwhile, the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao shortbread' can reduce the blood lactic acid level and the urea nitrogen content in the blood of the mice after exercise, improve the liver glycogen content in the livers of the mice after exercise and provide sufficient exercise energy for the mice. And long-term large-dose feeding shows that the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao crisp' has no damage influence on organs of the heart, the liver, the spleen, the stomach, the kidney and the like of the mouse. Compared with the existing mainstream therapy, the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao crisp' has the advantages of good effect, low price and the like in preventing and treating fatigue.
3. The compound preparation ' Xiaoyao crisp ' integrates the good food and medicine homology ' such as ' liver qi dispelling, stomach and spleen invigorating, kidney essence benefiting ' and the like, scientifically focuses on liver qi dispelling, combines the effects of spleen and stomach strengthening, kidney essence tonifying and multiple targets, and exerts the curative effect which is difficult or even impossible to achieve by a single product. Is suitable for different types of fatigue groups such as liver depression, spleen and stomach deficiency, kidney essence deficiency and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the long-term large-dose administration of the complex formulation "Xiaoyao crisp" prepared in example 1 on the liver tissue of a mouse.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the long-term large-dose administration of the complex formulation "Xiaoyao crisp" prepared in example 1 on the spleen tissue of a mouse.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the long-term large-dose administration of the complex formulation "Xiaoyao crisp" prepared in example 1 on the heart tissue of mice.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the long-term large-dose administration of the complex formulation "Xiaoyao crisp" prepared in example 1 on kidney tissues of mice.
Detailed Description
The applicant will now further describe the technical solution of the present invention in detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the following should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
The applicant carries out series and large amount of scientific experiments on the treatment and the fatigue prevention of the composite preparation named as Xiaoyao shortbread, and confirms that the compound can prolong the exhaustion time of heavy-load swimming to achieve the effect of fatigue prevention; can reduce the blood lactic acid level and the urea nitrogen content in the blood of a mouse after exercise and improve the hepatic glycogen content in the liver after exercise to achieve the effect of treating fatigue.
Example 1 a method for extracting a composite preparation, xiaoyao shortbread, from angelica keiskei, dioscorea opposita, barley young leaves, hawthorn and dried orange peel, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of Angelica keiskei extract
Crushing 5kg dry stems and leaves of Angelica keiskei Koidz into 80 mesh powder, placing into an extraction tank, adding 25L 50% (v/v) ethanol water solution each time, stirring and extracting at 60 deg.C for 2 times, each time for 2 hr, mixing the 2 times extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure, and freeze-drying under vacuum to obtain Angelica keiskei Koidz extract powder 800.0g, which contains chlorogenic acid 3.6 wt% for use.
(2) Preparation of Chinese yam extract
Pulverizing 5kg of dried rhizoma Dioscoreae into 80 mesh powder, placing into an extraction tank, adding 25L of water each time, extracting at 50 deg.C under stirring at constant temperature for 2 times, each for 1.5 hr, mixing the 2 extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae extract powder 1600.0g, wherein the content of rhizoma Dioscoreae polysaccharide in the extract powder is 39.4 wt%.
(3) Preparation of barley Ruye extract
Pulverizing dried fresh barley young leaf 2.5kg into 80 mesh powder, placing into extraction tank, adding 25L water each time, extracting at 50 deg.C under stirring for 2 times, each for 1.5 hr, mixing the extractive solutions for 2 times, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain extract powder of barley young leaf 936.0g with dietary fiber content of 23.2 wt% for use.
(4) Preparation of hawthorn extract
Pulverizing dried fructus crataegi 2.5kg into 80 mesh powder, placing into extraction tank, adding 25L 70% (v/v) ethanol water solution each time, extracting at 60 deg.C under stirring for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing the 2 extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain fructus crataegi extract powder 495.9g, which contains fructus crataegi flavone 6.2 wt%.
(5) Preparation of dried orange peel extract
Pulverizing dried pericarpium Citri Tangerinae 2.5kg into 80 mesh powder, placing into an extraction tank, adding 25L 70% (v/v) ethanol water solution each time, extracting at 60 deg.C under stirring for 2 times, each time for 2 hr, mixing the extractive solutions for 2 times, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain pericarpium Citri Tangerinae extract powder 352.9g, and measuring hesperidin content in pericarpium Citri Tangerinae to 3.6 wt%.
(6) Mixing 500g of angelica keiskei extract powder obtained in the step (1), 300g of dioscorea opposita extract powder obtained in the step (2), 200g of barley folium extract powder obtained in the step (3), 50g of hawthorn extract powder obtained in the step (4) and 20g of dried orange peel extract powder obtained in the step (5), uniformly mixing, and crushing into 80-mesh powder to obtain mixed extract powder;
(7) and (3) adding a mixture composed of starch and dextrin in an equal weight ratio (the weight ratio of the starch to the dextrin is 6: 1) into the mixed extract powder obtained in the step (6), uniformly mixing, stirring, adding 95% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution with the total amount of 100mL in a spraying mode, uniformly mixing to prepare a soft material, granulating by using a compression granulator, and filling into a 60 ℃ oven to dry for 24 hours to obtain the Xiaoyao shortbread granules, namely the Xiaoyao shortbread composite preparation.
Example 2 a method for extracting a composite preparation, xiaoyao shortbread, from angelica keiskei, dioscorea opposita, barley young leaves, hawthorn and dried orange peel, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of Angelica keiskei extract
Crushing 5kg dry stems and leaves of Angelica keiskei Koidz into 200 mesh powder, placing into an extraction tank, adding 25L 80% (v/v) ethanol water solution into the extraction tank each time, extracting for 2 times at 80 deg.C under stirring for 2 hours each time, mixing the 2 times of extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure, and freeze-drying under vacuum to obtain Angelica keiskei Koidz extract powder 1000.0g, wherein the content of chlorogenic acid in the extract powder is 3.9 wt%.
(2) Preparation of Chinese yam extract
Pulverizing 5kg dry rhizoma Dioscoreae into 200 mesh powder, placing into an extraction tank, adding 25L water each time, extracting at 80 deg.C under stirring for 2 times, each for 1.5 hr, mixing the 2 extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae extract powder 1800.0g, wherein the content of rhizoma Dioscoreae polysaccharide in the extract powder is 40.7 wt%.
(3) Preparation of barley Ruye extract
Crushing 2.5kg of dried fresh barley malus asiaticus leaves into 200-mesh powder, placing into an extraction tank, adding 12.5L of water into the extraction tank each time, extracting for 2 times with 1.5 hours each time at a constant temperature of 80 ℃, combining the extracting solutions for 2 times, concentrating under reduced pressure, and freeze-drying under vacuum to obtain 1127.0g of barley malus asiaticus leaf medicinal extract powder, wherein the content of dietary fiber in the extract powder is 24.7 wt% for later use.
(4) Preparation of hawthorn extract
Pulverizing dried fructus crataegi 2.5kg into 200 mesh powder, placing into extraction tank, adding 25L 90% (v/v) ethanol water solution each time, extracting at 80 deg.C under stirring for 2 times, each for 2 hr, mixing the 2 extractive solutions, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain fructus crataegi extract powder 675.5g, wherein the fructus crataegi flavone content is 6.8 wt%.
(5) Preparation of dried orange peel extract
Pulverizing dried pericarpium Citri Tangerinae 2.5kg into 200 mesh powder, placing into an extraction tank, adding 25L 90% (v/v) ethanol water solution each time, extracting at 80 deg.C under stirring for 2 times, each time for 2 hr, mixing the extractive solutions of 2 times, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain pericarpium Citri Tangerinae extract powder 379.7g, and measuring hesperidin content in pericarpium Citri Tangerinae 3.9 wt%.
(6) And (3) mixing 200g of angelica keiskei extract powder obtained in the step (1), 500g of dioscorea opposita extract powder obtained in the step (2), 200g of barley folium extract powder obtained in the step (3), 100g of hawthorn extract powder obtained in the step (4) and 20g of dried orange peel extract powder obtained in the step (5), uniformly mixing, and crushing into 80-mesh powder to obtain mixed extract powder.
(7) And (3) adding a mixture (the weight ratio of starch to dextrin is 3: 1) which is 2 times of the weight of the mixed extract powder obtained in the step (6) into the mixed extract powder, uniformly mixing, stirring, adding 95% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution of which the total amount is 100mL in a spraying mode, uniformly mixing to prepare soft materials, granulating by using a compression granulator, and filling into a 60 ℃ oven to dry for 24 hours to obtain the Xiaoyao shortbread granules, namely the Xiaoyao shortbread composite preparation.
Example 3 Effect of the composite formulation of Xiaoyao shortbread on the exhaustion time of mice during swimming under load
The animals tested were 40 SPF-grade kunming male (8 week old) mice (provided by longingbiotechnology, jel). The water is freely drunk, the room temperature of the breeding room is kept at 25 +/-1 ℃, and the light and shade period is 12 hours.
1. Grouping and administration of drugs
40 mice were divided into 4 groups: blank control group, and low dose group, medium dose group and high dose group of the compound preparation of Xiaoyao crisp. The same amount of physiological saline is given to a blank control group, and the low and middle high dose components of the compound preparation of the Xiaoyao shortbread are respectively given corresponding doses of the Xiaoyao shortbread for intragastric administration (respectively 0.31g/kg/d, 0.62g/kg/d and 6.2g/kg/d, which are directly measured by the weight of the compound preparation of the Xiaoyao shortbread), and the compound preparation of the Xiaoyao shortbread prepared in the example 1 is dispersed by the physiological saline and then is given for 1 time/day for 30 days continuously.
2. Weight bearing swimming experiment
The weight-bearing swimming experiment is a common animal model for researching the anti-fatigue effect of the medicine, and the detection index is the swimming exhaustion time. The swimming exhaustion time can effectively reflect the exercise endurance and the adverse environment tolerance of the animals. The longer the exhaustion time, the stronger the anti-fatigue efficacy of the drug.
After 30min of the last administration, plasticine with the weight of 5-10% of the tail of the mouse is fixed at 1/3-2/3 parts of the tail of the mouse by using a string, and the mouse is placed in a swimming box for swimming. Meanwhile, all personnel need to debug the relevant equipment (the brandreth and the mobile phone) in advance, and each mobile phone can record the experimental conditions of all mice in the group. Mice exhaustion time was observed and recorded one by one. The exhaustion standard is: the time from the time when the mouse enters the water to the time when the mouse sinks to the water bottom for 10s and cannot float out of the water surface. The water temperature of the swimming box is about 25 ℃, and the water depth is about 25 cm.
Results of the experiment
The time to exhaustion of the mouse from the swimming load was measured after 30 consecutive days of administration, and the results are shown in table 1.
The data in table 1 show that the swimming exhaustion time of the mice in the blank group is 63.1 ± 10.2min, compared with the blank group, the swimming exhaustion time of the mice in the low, medium and high dose groups is prolonged, and the mice in the high dose group are particularly obvious (130.3 ± 10.6, P < 0.001).
TABLE 1 Effect of different doses of drug on the swimming exhaustion time of mice (Mean + -SEM, n-10)
Note: "x" is the significant difference between the two data groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05); "x" is the presence of significant difference compared to control group (P < 0.001).
Example 4 Effect of the Xiaoyao shortbread Compound preparation on blood lactate levels in mice after exercise
The animals tested were 40 SPF-grade kunming male (8 week old) mice (provided by longingbiotechnology, jel). The water is freely drunk, the room temperature of the breeding room is kept at 25 +/-1 ℃, and the light and shade period is 12 hours.
1. Grouping and administration of drugs
40 mice were divided into 4 groups: a blank control group, a low-dose group, a medium-dose group and a high-dose group of the compound preparation Xiaoyao shortbread. The same amount of physiological saline is given to the blank control group, the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao crisp' is given to the low dose component and the middle dose component respectively, corresponding doses of 'Xiaoyao crisp' are given to the stomach irrigation (respectively, 0.31g/kg/d, 0.62g/kg/d and 6.2g/kg/d, and the weight of the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao crisp' is directly measured), the compound preparation is the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao crisp' prepared in the embodiment 2, and the administration is carried out after the dispersion by the physiological saline for 1 time/day for 30 days continuously.
2. Blood lactate level determination in mice
When the body moves violently, oxygen is consumed in large quantities, resulting in oxygen deficiency. In the anoxic state, carbohydrate metabolism can only be carried out by means of anaerobic glycolysis, and thus the blood lactic acid level in the body is increased. The lower the blood lactic acid content, the stronger the anti-fatigue efficacy of the drug.
After 30min of the last administration, the mice were subjected to swimming without load for 10min, ensuring that each mobile phone could record the experimental conditions of all mice in this group. Tail blood sampling (20 μ L) was performed at three time points of 30min after the last administration, immediately after swimming (immediately after completion), and 20min after swimming for rest, and blood samples were collected using an EP tube, stored in a low-temperature refrigerator, the blood lactate content was measured using a kit, and the area under the blood lactate curve was calculated according to the formula. The water temperature of the swimming box is about 25 ℃, and the water depth is about 25 cm.
Area under the blood lactic acid curve is 5 × (blood lactic acid value before swimming +3 × blood lactic acid value 0min after swimming + 20min after 2 × resting for blood lactic acid value after swimming).
3. Results of the experiment
Blood lactate was measured in mice after exercise by continuous administration for 30 days, and the results are shown in table 2.
The data in Table 2 show that there was no significant difference in blood lactate levels in the mice of each group before swimming. After swimming, the blood lactic acid content in the blank control group is the highest (2.1 +/-0.4), the blood lactic acid content in the high-dose group mice is obviously reduced (1.1 +/-0.2, P is less than 0.05), and the results show that the muscles of the high-dose group mice contain less lactic acid components and are less likely to cause soreness after exercise.
Table 2 effect of different doses of drug on blood lactate content in mice blood (Mean ± SEM, n ═ 10)
Note: "+ is the significant difference between the two data groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05); ". x" indicates that there was a significant difference between the two data groups compared to the control group (P < 0.01).
Example 5 Effect of the Xiaoyao shortbread Compound preparation on serum Urea Nitrogen level in mice after exercise
The animals tested were 40 SPF-grade kunming male (8 week old) mice (provided by longingbiotechnology, jel). The water is freely drunk, the room temperature of the breeding room is kept at 25 +/-1 ℃, and the light and shade period is 12 hours.
1. Grouping and administration of drugs
40 mice were divided into 4 groups: a blank control group, a low-dose group, a medium-dose group and a high-dose group of the compound preparation Xiaoyao shortbread. The same amount of physiological saline is given to a blank control group, the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao shortbread' is given to a low dosage group and a middle dosage group respectively, corresponding dosages of 'Xiaoyao shortbread' are given to intragastric administration (respectively, 0.31g/kg/d, 0.62g/kg/d and 6.2g/kg/d, and the weight of the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao shortbread' is directly measured), the used 'Xiaoyao shortbread' compound preparation is the compound preparation 'Xiaoyao shortbread' prepared in the embodiment 1, and the administration is carried out after the dispersion by the physiological saline for 1 time/day for 30 days continuously.
2. Mouse serum urea nitrogen level determination
After the body is strenuously moved, a large amount of protein in the body is consumed, and a large amount of metabolic product urea nitrogen is generated, so that the level of the urea nitrogen in the body is increased. The lower the content of serum urea nitrogen is, the stronger the anti-fatigue effect of the medicine is.
After 30min of the last administration, the mice were subjected to swimming without load for 90min, ensuring that each mobile phone could record the experimental conditions of all mice in this group. After being fished out and wiped dry, the mice are subjected to eyeball blood collection (20 mu L) one by one, blood samples are collected by an EP tube, serum is obtained after centrifugation by a centrifuge, the serum is stored in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator, and the urea nitrogen content is measured by a full-automatic biochemical analyzer. The water temperature of the swimming box is about 25 ℃, and the water depth is about 25 cm.
3. Results of the experiment
Serum urea nitrogen content in mice after exercise was determined by continuous 30 day dosing and the results are shown in table 3.
The data in Table 3 show that the blank control group has the highest content of serum urea nitrogen (35.3 +/-1.5 mg/dL), the low, medium and high dose mice of the Xiaoyao crisp have reduced serum urea nitrogen, and the blank control group has significant difference with the medium and high dose groups (P <0.01, P < 0.001).
Table 3 effect of different doses of drug on mouse serum urea nitrogen content (Mean ± SEM, n ═ 10)
Note: "+ is the significant difference between the two data groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05); "x" is the presence of significant difference compared to control group (P < 0.001).
Example 6 Effect of the Xiaoyao shortbread Compound preparation on liver glycogen of mice after exercise
1. Glycogen level determination in mice
The glycogen supply of the body comes from two aspects of blood sugar and hepatic glycogenolysis. Liver glycogen is a form of sugar stored in the body, which plays an important role in the regulation of blood glucose concentration. When exercise is strenuous, the supply of glucose breakdown is insufficient, resulting in breakdown of liver glycogen and a drop in liver glycogen levels. The higher the hepatic glycogen content, the stronger the anti-fatigue efficacy of the medicament.
In example 4, the mice were sacrificed immediately after the completion of blood collection, livers were removed, washed with physiological saline, and blotted with filter paper, and then the hepatic glycogen content was measured by the anthrone method.
3. Results of the experiment
Liver glycogen in mice after exercise was measured by continuous administration for 30 days, and the results are shown in Table 4.
The data in Table 4 show that the glycogen content of the liver of the mouse in the low, medium and high dose groups of the Xiaoyao crisp is increased compared with the blank control group (2.1 +/-0.3 mg/g), and the glycogen content is significantly different from the medium dose group (P < 0.001).
Table 4 effect of different doses of drug on liver glycogen content in mice (Mean ± SEM, n ═ 10)
Note: "" is a significant difference compared to the control group (P < 0.05); ". x" indicates that there was a significant difference between the two data groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001).
Example 7 toxic side effects of the Xiaoyao shortbread Compound formulation on mice
The animals tested were 40 SPF-grade kunming male (8 week old) mice (provided by longingbiotechnology, jel). The water is freely drunk, the room temperature of the breeding room is kept at 25 +/-1 ℃, and the light and shade period is 12 hours.
1. Grouping and administration of drugs
40 mice were divided into 4 groups: a blank control group, a low-dose group of 'Xiaoyao shortbread', a medium-dose group of 'Xiaoyao shortbread' and a high-dose group of 'Xiaoyao shortbread'. The blank control group is given with the same amount of physiological saline, and the low, medium and high dosage groups of the Xiaoyao shortbread are respectively given with the corresponding dosage of Xiaoyao shortbread for intragastric administration (respectively 0.31g/kg/d, 0.62g/kg/d and 6.2g/kg/d, directly measured by the weight of the composite preparation of the Xiaoyao shortbread), the used Xiaoyao shortbread is the composite preparation of the Xiaoyao shortbread prepared in the example 1, and is given after being dispersed by the physiological saline for 1 time/day for 30 days continuously.
2. HE conventional dyeing
When the dosage of the medicine is too large or the administration time is too long, functional and even organic injury changes can be caused to organs and tissues of a body, and a series of adverse reactions are caused, namely, the toxic reaction of the medicine is well known at ordinary times. There are, of course, a number of methods and means for assessing drug toxicity, but the histopathological examination of this is the most reliable "gold standard" of many. Therefore, HE staining, which is the most common in histopathology, is used in the present invention. After the administration, the mice in each group (10) in the low, medium and high dose groups of the Xiaoyao crisp are killed by adopting a cervical dislocation method, and the heart, the liver, the spleen and the kidney of the mice are taken immediately; wrapping each organ with gauze, and fixing in formalin solution for 24 h; flushing the tissue for about 0.5h by running water; taking the tissue with the thickness of 3 mm; placing the tissue into a dehydrator for dehydration; embedding in paraffin to obtain tissue paraffin block. HE conventional staining.
3. Results of the experiment
The effect of different doses on the liver, spleen, heart and kidney of the mice was examined by continuous administration for 30 days, and the results are shown in fig. 1 to fig. 4.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of low, medium and high dose of the Xiaoyao shortbread compound preparation on liver tissues of mice.
The tissue structures of the livers of mice in the control group and the low, medium and high dose groups are obviously different. The control group showed no structural disorder, clear and intact lobules of liver, radial arrangement of hepatocyte cords, substantially consistent hepatocyte size, and no obvious congestion and swelling of liver sinuses. The liver cells are uniformly distributed, have clear boundaries, and have no vacuoles and adiposity. In the low, medium and high dose groups, the liver tissue structure of the mice is complete, the hepatocyte cords are arranged in a radial shape, and no obvious pathological change exists. The scale in the picture is 100 microns.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of low, medium and high doses of the Xiaoyao shortbread compound preparation on mouse spleen tissues.
The spleen tissue structures of mice in a control group and low, medium and high dose groups are normal and have no disorder, spleen sinuses have no congestion, spleen trabeculae are normal and have no necrosis, the structures of red pith and white pith are clear, the spleen tissues of the mice in an administration group and the control group contain a large number of multinuclear giant cells, and the pathological change degree of each administration group and the control group has no obvious difference. The scale in the picture is 100 microns.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of low, medium and high doses of the "Xiaoyao crisp" complex formulation on the heart tissue of mice.
The administration group and the control group have the advantages of regular arrangement of heart tissue cells, normal structure, no disorder and normal gap size. The fiber has no vacuole denaturation and obvious transverse striation. The nucleus distribution is central and clear, and the shape is complete. There were no inflammatory and other pathological changes in each group. The scale in the picture is 100 microns.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of low, medium and high doses of the Xiaoyao shortbread compound preparation on mouse kidney tissues.
The glomeruli of the control group and the administration group are clearer, the renal tubules and the capillaries are not expanded, the epithelial cells of the blood vessels are not obviously abnormal, the tissue structure is not disordered, and no obvious pathological change exists among the groups. The scale in the picture is 100 microns.
Claims (5)
1. A method for extracting a compound preparation named Xiaoyao crisp from angelica keiskei, dioscorea opposita, barley Ruye, hawthorn and dried orange peel sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing angelica keiskei extract extractum, dioscorea opposita extract extractum, barley leaf extract extractum, hawthorn extract extractum and dried orange peel extract extractum;
(2) uniformly mixing the angelica keiskei extract, the dioscorea opposita extract, the barley blumea extract, the hawthorn extract and the dried orange peel extract in the weight ratio of (10-30) to (1-5) to 1, and then crushing to obtain mixed extract powder;
(3) and (3) adding a mixture which is 1-2 times of the weight of the mixed extract powder obtained in the step (2) and consists of starch and dextrin, uniformly mixing, adding an ethanol water solution in a spraying mode under stirring, uniformly mixing to prepare a soft material, and then granulating to obtain the Xiaoyao crisp composite preparation.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of starch to dextrin in the mixture of starch and dextrin added in step (3) is (3-6): 1.
3. method according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of Angelica keiskei extract
Pulverizing dry stem and leaf of Angelica keiskei Koidz, placing into an extraction tank, adding 50-80 v/v% ethanol water solution, extracting at 60-80 deg.C for 1-2 hr for 2-3 times under stirring, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain Angelica keiskei Koidz extract;
(2) preparation of Chinese yam extract
Pulverizing dried rhizoma Dioscoreae, placing into an extraction tank, adding water, extracting at 50-80 deg.C for 1-1.5 hr for 2-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain rhizoma Dioscoreae extract;
(3) preparation of barley Ruye extract
Pulverizing dried folium Hordei vulgaris, placing into an extraction tank, adding water, extracting at 50-80 deg.C for 1-1.5 hr for 2-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain folium Hordei vulgaris extract;
(4) preparation of hawthorn extract
Pulverizing dried fructus crataegi, placing into extraction tank, adding 70-90 v/v% ethanol water solution, extracting at 50-80 deg.C for 1.5-2 hr for 2-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain fructus crataegi extract;
(5) preparation of dried orange peel extract
Pulverizing dried pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, placing into an extraction tank, adding 70-90 v/v% ethanol water solution, extracting at 60-80 deg.C for 1.5-2 hr for 2-3 times, mixing extractive solutions, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain pericarpium Citri Tangerinae extract;
(6) uniformly mixing the angelica keiskei extract obtained in the step (1), the dioscorea opposita extract obtained in the step (2), the barley-folium hedyotis extract obtained in the step (3), the hawthorn extract obtained in the step (4) and the dried orange peel extract obtained in the step (5) according to the weight ratio of (10-30) to (1-5) to 1, and then crushing to obtain mixed extract powder;
(7) and (4) adding a mixture consisting of starch and dextrin with the weight of 1-2 times of the mixed extract powder obtained in the step (6), adding an ethanol water solution in a spraying mode under stirring, and uniformly mixing to prepare a soft material to obtain the Xiaoyao crisp composite preparation.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the pulverization in each of the steps (1) to (6) means pulverization to a powder of 80 mesh to 200 mesh.
5. Use of the "Xiaoyao shortbread" composite preparation obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 in the preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating fatigue.
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