CN112136424A

CN112136424A - Continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator

Info

Publication number: CN112136424A
Application number: CN202011187458.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡雪; 郑雄飞; 买春亮; 蒋云
Original assignee: Shihezi University
Current assignee: Shihezi University
Priority date: 2020-10-29
Filing date: 2020-10-29
Publication date: 2020-12-29

Abstract

The invention relates to a fertilizing machine, in particular to a continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer distributor which mainly comprises a frame, a fertilizing mechanism, a variable transmission mechanism, a soil covering mechanism and a ditching mechanism. The frame includes motor mount table, derailleur mount table, fertilizing mechanism mounting bracket, earthing mechanism mounting bracket, ditching mechanism mounting bracket. The fertilizer applying mechanism mainly comprises a fertilizer discharging auger, a fertilizer hopper and a fertilizer discharging pipe. The variable-speed transmission mechanism mainly comprises a stepping motor and a gearbox, and the soil covering mechanism mainly comprises a soil covering disc and a secondary adjusting rod. The ditching mechanism mainly comprises a ditching cutter head and a ditching cutter. The speed change of the stepping motor is controlled by the single chip microcomputer and the GPS in real time, the change of the fertilizing amount is controlled in real time, after furrowing and fertilizing are carried out by the furrowing mechanism, furrows are filled by the soil covering mechanism, and all parts are matched with each other to realize the variable fertilizer discharging process.

Description

Continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of fertilization mechanical equipment, in particular to a continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator.

Background

For variable rate fertilization, reasonable utilization of chemical fertilizers is required, and research on fertilization technology has profound significance for agricultural development in China. China is a big agricultural country, variable fertilization is necessary, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the adverse effect of the fertilizer on the environment is improved, and the economic and ecological environment is developed towards the high-quality direction. Because China has the problems of limited seed and fertilizer adjusting range, inconvenient operation, less research on mechanical stepless speed changers and the like in the variable rate fertilization technology, the stepless speed changer type variable rate fertilizer applicator is provided, has a simple and compact structure, can adjust the fertilizing amount without stopping the fertilizer applicator, is convenient to operate, improves the working efficiency of the fertilizer applicator, improves the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, improves the farmland environment, increases the yield of crops and increases the income of the crops.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a variable fertilizer applicator with a continuously variable transmission, which aims to solve the problems of limited seed and fertilizer adjusting range, inconvenient operation, less research on mechanical continuously variable transmissions and the like of the conventional variable fertilizer application equipment in the technical background.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme: the invention provides a continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator which basically comprises a frame, a fertilizer application mechanism, a variable transmission mechanism, a soil covering mechanism and a ditching mechanism. The frame is provided with a fertilizing mechanism, a variable speed transmission mechanism, a soil covering mechanism and a ditching mechanism. The fertilizing mechanism is welded on the fertilizing mechanism mounting frame, the motor of the variable speed transmission mechanism is connected to the motor mounting platform through bolts and nuts, and the soil covering mechanism is connected to the soil covering mechanism mounting frame through bolts and nuts. The ditching mechanism is connected to the ditching mechanism mounting frame through bolts and nuts.

Furthermore, in the rack, a motor mounting table and a transmission mounting table form a main body of the rack, the motor mounting table and the transmission mounting table are respectively provided with 4 threaded holes with the same size, and the four threaded holes are respectively arranged in a rectangular shape. The fertilizing mechanism mounting frame, the soil covering mechanism mounting frame and the ditching mechanism mounting frame are sequentially welded to a main body of the rack formed by the motor mounting table and the transmission mounting table.

Furthermore, in the fertilizing mechanism, the fertilizer discharging auger is arranged in a bearing hole seat on the fertilizer hopper through a bearing. The power input end of the fertilizer discharging auger rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a belt pulley and a chain wheel, and the other end of the fertilizer discharging auger rotating shaft is arranged on the fertilizer discharging pipe.

Furthermore, in the variable-speed transmission mechanism, a power output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with a power input shaft of the gearbox through a coupler, the power of the stepping motor is transmitted to the gearbox, a power output end of the gearbox is a belt wheel A, the belt wheel A is connected with a belt wheel B through a belt A, and the belt wheel B is a power input end of the fertilizer discharging auger. The fertilizer discharging auger is driven to rotate, the rotating shafts of the belt wheel B, the chain wheel A and the fertilizer discharging auger are fixedly connected together to rotate, the chain wheel A is matched with the chain wheel B through a chain A, the chain wheel B is fixedly connected with a shaft, the shaft is fixedly connected with the chain wheel C, so that the chain wheel C is driven to rotate, the chain wheel C is matched with the chain wheel B to drive the chain wheel D to rotate, and the chain wheel D is a power input end of the ditching cutter head.

Furthermore, in the soil covering mechanism, the soil covering disc is fixedly connected with one end of the secondary adjusting rod, the other end of the secondary adjusting rod is hinged with one end of the underframe and can rotate around a hinged point, the I-shaped frame is fixedly connected onto the underframe through bolts, the spring and the guide rod are coaxially matched, the upper end of the guide rod is arranged in a hole in the I-shaped frame, and the lower end of the guide rod is fixedly connected with the limiting bolt on the underframe.

Furthermore, in the ditching mechanism, a plurality of ditching cutters are arranged on the surface of the ditching cutter head, a power input shaft of the ditching cutter head is fixedly connected with a chain wheel, the power input shaft is connected with the side frame through a bolt and a nut, a threaded hole is formed in the side surface of the ditching cutter head, the threaded hole is connected with the vertical frame through the bolt and the nut, the other end of the side frame is fixedly connected with the shaft, and the chain wheel is sequentially and fixedly connected with the left end of the shaft.

Has the advantages that:

compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the stepless speed changer type variable rate fertilizer applicator adopts mechanical transmission, and the mechanical transmission has the characteristics that: stable rotation speed, small sliding rate, reliable work, high transmission efficiency, simple structure, convenient maintenance and relatively low price

(2) The stepless speed changer type variable rate fertilizer applicator adopts a selective spiral fertilizer distributor, has simple structure and good universality

(3) The fertilizer applicator is simple and compact in structure, the fertilizing amount can be adjusted without stopping the fertilizer applicator, the operation is convenient, the working efficiency of the fertilizer applicator can be greatly improved, and the utilization rate of a fertilizer is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an assembly view showing a continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator provided by an embodiment

FIG. 2 shows a frame of a continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator provided by the embodiment

Fig. 3 shows an isometric view of a fertilizing mechanism of a continuously variable transmission type variable fertilizing machine provided by the embodiment

FIG. 4 is a top view of a fertilizing mechanism of the continuously variable transmission type variable fertilizing machine provided by the embodiment

FIG. 5 shows a fertilizer discharging auger and a fertilizer discharging pipe of the fertilizing mechanism of the continuously variable transmission type variable fertilizer applicator provided by the embodiment

FIG. 6 shows a variable transmission mechanism of a continuously variable transmission type variable fertilizing machine provided by the embodiment

FIG. 7 shows a soil covering mechanism of a continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator provided by an embodiment

FIG. 8 shows a two-stage adjusting rod of the CVT type variable rate fertilizer applicator provided by the embodiment

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation of the soil covering disk and the secondary adjusting rod of the infinitely variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator provided by the embodiment

FIG. 10 shows a ditching mechanism of a fertilizing mechanism of a continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator provided by the embodiment

Description of the main Components

1 frame, 2 fertilizing mechanisms, 3 variable speed transmission mechanisms, 4 soil covering mechanisms and 5 ditching mechanisms

1-1 motor mounting table, 1-2 transmission mounting table, 1-1-1 threaded hole, 1-2-1 threaded hole, 1-3 fertilizing mechanism mounting frame, 1-4 soil covering mechanism mounting frame and 1-5 ditching mechanism mounting frame

2-1 fertilizer hopper, 2-2 belt wheel B, 2-3 fertilizer discharging pipe, 2-4 chain wheel A and 2-5 fertilizer discharging auger

3-1 stepping motor, 3-1-1 power output shaft, 3-2 gearbox, 3-2-1 power input shaft, 3-3 coupler, 3-2-2 belt wheel A, 3-4 belt A, 3-5 chain A and 3-6 chain B

4-1 soil covering disc, 4-2 secondary adjusting rod, 4-3 bottom frame, 4-4I-shaped frame, 4-5 guide rod, 4-6 spring and 4-7 limiting bolt

5-1 ditching cutter head, 5-2 ditching cutters, 5-3 chain wheels B, 5-4 chain wheels C, 5-5 chain wheels D, 5-6 shafts, 5-7 vertical frames, 5-8 side frames and 5-9 power input shafts.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-10, the continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator of the present invention basically comprises a frame, a fertilizer application mechanism, a variable transmission mechanism, a soil covering mechanism and a ditching mechanism.

Further: as shown in FIG. 2, in the machine frame 1, a motor mounting table 1-1 and a transmission mounting table 1-2 constitute a main body of the machine frame 1, 4 threaded holes 1-1-1 and 1-2-1 with the same size are respectively formed in the motor mounting table 1-1 and the transmission mounting table 1-2, and the four threaded holes 1-1-1 and 1-2-1 are respectively arranged in a rectangular shape. The fertilizing mechanism mounting rack 1-3, the soil covering mechanism mounting rack 1-4 and the ditching mechanism mounting rack 1-5 are sequentially welded on a main body of the rack 1 consisting of a motor mounting platform 1-1 and a transmission mounting platform 1-2.

Further: as shown in figures 3-5, in the fertilizing mechanism 2, a fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 is arranged in a bearing hole seat on a fertilizer hopper 2-1 through a bearing. The power input end of the rotary shaft of the fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 is fixedly connected with a belt pulley 2-2 and a chain wheel 2-4, and the other end of the rotary shaft of the fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 is arranged on the fertilizer discharging pipe 2-3.

Further: as shown in figure 6, in the variable-speed transmission mechanism 3, a power output shaft 3-1-1 of a stepping motor 3-1 is connected with a power input shaft 3-2-1 of a gearbox 3-2 through a coupler 3-3, so that the power of the stepping motor 3-1 is transmitted to the gearbox 3-2, the power output end of the gearbox 3-2 is a belt wheel A3-2-2, the belt wheel A3-2-2 is connected with a belt wheel B2-2 through a belt A3-4, and the belt wheel B2-2 is the power input end of a fertilizer discharging auger 2-5. The fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 is driven to rotate, the belt wheel B2-2, the chain wheel A2-4 and the rotating shaft of the fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 are fixedly connected together to rotate, the chain wheel A2-4 is matched with the chain wheel B5-3 through the chain A3-5, the chain wheel B5-3 is fixedly connected with the shaft 5-6, the shaft 5-6 is fixedly connected with the chain wheel C5-4, so that the chain wheel C5-4 is driven to rotate, the chain wheel C5-4 is matched with the chain wheel D5-5 through the chain B3-6 to drive the chain wheel D5-5 to rotate, and the chain wheel D5-5 is a power input end of the ditching cutter head.

Further: as shown in fig. 7-9, in the soil covering mechanism 4, a soil covering disc 4-1 is fixedly connected with one end of a secondary adjusting rod 4-2, the other end of the secondary adjusting rod 4-2 is hinged with one end of an underframe 4-3 and can rotate around a hinged point, an I-shaped frame 4-4 is fixedly connected to the underframe 4-3 through bolts, a spring 4-6 is coaxially matched with a guide rod 4-5, the upper end of the guide rod 4-5 is arranged in a hole in the I-shaped frame 4-4, and the lower end of the guide rod 4-5 is fixedly connected with a limiting bolt 4-7 on the underframe 4-3.

Further: as shown in figure 10, in the ditching mechanism 5, a plurality of ditching cutters 5-2 are arranged on the surface of a ditching cutter head 5-1, a power input shaft 5-9 of the ditching cutter head 5-1 is fixedly connected with a chain wheel 5-5, the power input shaft 5-9 is connected with a side frame 5-8 through a bolt and a nut, a threaded hole is formed in the side surface of the ditching cutter head 5-1, the threaded hole is connected with a vertical frame 5-7 through a bolt and a nut, the other end of the side frame 5-8 is fixedly connected with a shaft 5-6, and the chain wheels 5-3 and 5-4 are sequentially and fixedly connected with the left end of the shaft 5-6.

A continuously variable transmission type variable fertilizer applicator has the following working principle and working process:

after the stepping motor 3-1 is started, power of the stepping motor is transmitted to a power input shaft 3-2-1 of a gearbox 3-2 through a power output shaft 3-1-1 and a coupler 3-3, a power output end of the gearbox 3-2 is a belt wheel A3-2-2, the belt wheel A3-2-2 is matched with the belt wheel B2-2 through a belt A3-4, and the belt wheel B2-2 is a power input end of a fertilizer discharging auger 2-5. The fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 is driven to rotate, the speed of the stepping motor 3-1 is controlled by the single chip microcomputer and the GPS in real time to change, the change of the fertilizer application amount is controlled in real time, and the variable fertilizer discharging process is realized. The chain wheel A2-4 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 to rotate together, the chain wheel A2-4 is matched with the chain wheel B5-3 through a chain A3-5, the chain wheel B5-3 is fixedly connected with a shaft 5-6, the shaft 5-6 is fixedly connected with the chain wheel C5-4, thereby driving the chain wheel C5-4 to rotate, the chain wheel C5-4 drives the chain wheel D5-5 to rotate through the cooperation of the chain B3-6 and the chain wheel D5-5, the chain wheel D5-5 is the power input end of the ditching cutter head 5-1, thereby driving the ditching cutter head 5-1 to rotate to realize ditching, filling the ditch by the soil covering mechanism 4 after the ditching mechanism 5 ditches and applies fertilizer, leading the cross section of the ditch dug by the ditching cutter 5-2 to be trapezoidal, and throwing the soil to two sides of the ditch to form two rows of soil piles with triangular cross sections on the two sides respectively. The soil covering mechanism 4 is hung on the soil covering mechanism mounting frame 1-4, and the soil covering disc 4-1 and the ground are kept at a certain height through the adjustment of the limiting bolts 4-7 on the underframe 4-3. The two soil covering disks 4-1 are placed in a splayed shape, the soil covering disks 4-1 are pushed forwards along with the ditching mechanism 5, positive pressure which is arranged inside the soil on two sides and is vertical to the inner sides of the soil covering disks 4-1 is given, the soil on two sides moves towards the inner sides of the ditches under the action of the positive pressure, and enters the ditches to cover the fertilizer, so that the soil covering function is realized.

While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the fundamental principles of the invention and its essential features and advantages, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are included to illustrate the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The invention relates to a continuously variable transmission type variable rate fertilizer applicator which basically comprises a rack 1, a fertilizer applying mechanism 2, a variable transmission mechanism 3, an earthing mechanism 4 and a ditching mechanism 5, wherein the fertilizer applying mechanism 2, the variable transmission mechanism 3, the earthing mechanism 4 and the ditching mechanism 5 are arranged on the rack, the fertilizer applying mechanism 2 is welded on a fertilizer applying mechanism mounting frame 3, a motor 3-1 of the variable transmission mechanism 3 is connected on a motor mounting table 1-1 through bolts and nuts, the earthing mechanism 4 is connected on the earthing mechanism mounting frame 4 through bolts and nuts, and the ditching mechanism 5 is connected on the ditching mechanism mounting frame 5 through bolts and nuts.

2. The infinitely variable transmission variable fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein: in the machine frame 1, a motor mounting table 1-1 and a transmission mounting table 1-2 form a main body of the machine frame 1, 4 threaded holes 1-1-1 and 1-2-1 with the same size are respectively formed in the motor mounting table 1-1 and the transmission mounting table 1-2, the four threaded holes 1-1-1 and 1-2-1 are respectively arranged in a rectangular shape, and a fertilizing mechanism mounting frame 1-3, a soil covering mechanism mounting frame 1-4 and a ditching mechanism mounting frame 1-5 are sequentially welded to the main body of the machine frame 1 formed by the motor mounting table 1-1 and the transmission mounting table 1-2.

3. The infinitely variable transmission variable fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein: in the fertilizing mechanism 2, a fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 is arranged in a bearing hole seat on a fertilizer hopper 2-1 through a bearing, a power input end of a rotating shaft of the fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 is fixedly connected with a belt pulley 2-2 and a chain wheel 2-4, and the other end of the rotating shaft of the fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 is arranged on a fertilizer discharging pipe 2-3.

4. The infinitely variable transmission variable fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein: in the variable-speed transmission mechanism 3, a power output shaft 3-1-1 of a stepping motor 3-1 is connected with a power input shaft 3-2-1 of a gearbox 3-2 through a coupler 3-3, the power of the stepping motor 3-1 is transmitted to the gearbox 3-2, the power output end of the gearbox 3-2 is a belt wheel A3-2-2, the belt wheel A3-2-2 is connected with a belt wheel B2-2 through a belt A3-4, the belt wheel B2-2 is the power input end of a fertilizer discharging auger 2-5, the fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 is driven to rotate, a belt wheel B2-2, a chain wheel A2-4 and a rotating shaft of the fertilizer discharging auger 2-5 are fixedly connected and rotate together, a chain wheel A2-4 is matched with the chain wheel B5-3 through a chain A3-5, the chain wheel B5-3 is fixedly connected with a shaft 5-6, the shaft 5-6 is fixedly connected with a chain wheel C5-4, so that the chain wheel C5-4 is driven to rotate, the chain wheel C5-4 is matched with the chain wheel D5-5 through a chain B3-6 to drive the chain wheel D5-5 to rotate, and the chain wheel D5-5 is a power input end of the ditching cutter head.

5. The infinitely variable transmission variable fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein: in the soil covering mechanism 4, a soil covering disc 4-1 is fixedly connected with one end of a secondary adjusting rod 4-2, the other end of the secondary adjusting rod 4-2 is hinged with one end of an underframe 4-3 and can rotate around a hinged point, an I-shaped frame 4-4 is fixedly connected on the underframe 4-3 through bolts, a spring 4-6 is coaxially matched with a guide rod 4-5, the upper end of the guide rod 4-5 is arranged in a hole in the I-shaped frame 4-4, and the lower end of the guide rod is fixedly connected with a limiting bolt 4-7 on the underframe 4-3.

6. The infinitely variable transmission variable fertilizer applicator of claim 1, wherein: in the ditching mechanism 5, a plurality of ditching cutters 5-2 are arranged on the surface of a ditching cutter head 5-1, a power input shaft 5-9 of the ditching cutter head 5-1 is fixedly connected with a chain wheel 5-5, the power input shaft 5-9 is connected with a side frame 5-8 through a bolt and a nut, a threaded hole is formed in the side surface of the ditching cutter head 5-1, the threaded hole is connected with a vertical frame 5-7 through the bolt and the nut, the other end of the side frame 5-8 is fixedly connected with a shaft 5-6, and the chain wheels 5-3 and 5-4 are sequentially and fixedly connected with the left end of the shaft 5-6.