CN112134956A - Distributed Internet of things instruction management method and system based on block chain - Google Patents
Distributed Internet of things instruction management method and system based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed Internet of things instruction management method and system based on a block chain, which comprises the following steps: connecting the Internet of things equipment to a block chain network, and configuring a block chain account for each piece of Internet of things equipment as an identity; deploying an operation instruction aiming at the equipment of the Internet of things in a block chain network through a design intelligent contract; and generating a transaction data packet from the data acquired by the Internet of things equipment, encrypting and digitally signing the transaction data packet by using a private key, and storing the transaction data packet to the block chain network after the block chain network consensus verification. According to the invention, distributed management is carried out on the Internet of things equipment instruction by using the block chain technology, so that cooperation and data exchange of all departments can be realized, the problem of single-point failure is solved, and the safety is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to a distributed Internet of things instruction management method and system based on a block chain.
Background
The Internet of Things (Internet of Things, IoT for short), i.e., "Internet with all Things connected to one another", is an extended and expanded network based on the Internet. The internet of things connects various information sensing devices to form a huge network, and utilizes devices and technologies such as various information sensors, radio frequency identification technology, positioning system and the like to acquire environmental information in real time, so that environmental information data are transmitted to a centralized server to be subjected to data processing and data analysis, and instructions are issued to each node in the network through the centralized server to control each sensor node and intelligent equipment.
Most of traditional internet-of-things devices rely on communication with a central server to complete data processing, device communication, instruction receiving and the like. Once the central server is broken, a large amount of equipment and services are paralyzed, and economic losses are caused. In addition, massive real-time data of the internet of things contain a large amount of heterogeneous information, and the information lacks identity identification and is low in reliability.
At present, in most networks, even if two internet of things devices are only a few meters apart, the two internet of things devices cannot directly interact with each other, and must be controlled by a central server, and even if the central server is composed of a plurality of distributed computers, a centralized management mode still exists, namely, a single point of failure exists. In addition, at the present stage, when most of internet of things systems build identities and authorities, manufacturers often select default passwords, so that the equipment can attack malicious software. In addition, because data does not have an identity guarantee mechanism, most of data received and sent by the internet of things equipment cannot be traced, and the reliability of the data is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a distributed Internet of things instruction management method and system based on a block chain, is a new technical scheme for managing the Internet of things instruction based on the block chain technology design, and can solve the problem of single-point failure and improve the safety.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a distributed internet of things instruction management method based on a block chain is provided. The method comprises the following steps:
connecting the Internet of things equipment to a block chain network, and configuring a block chain account for each piece of Internet of things equipment as an identity;
deploying an operation instruction aiming at the equipment of the Internet of things in a block chain network through a design intelligent contract;
and generating a transaction data packet from the data acquired by the Internet of things equipment, encrypting and digitally signing the transaction data packet by using a private key, and storing the transaction data packet to the block chain network after the block chain network consensus verification.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a distributed internet of things instruction management system based on a block chain is provided. The system comprises a client application layer, the Internet of things equipment and a block chain platform, wherein instruction management for the Internet of things equipment is realized through information interaction among the client application layer, the Internet of things equipment and the block chain platform, an intelligent contract is designed and deployed in a block chain network according to an operation instruction of the Internet of things equipment, data collected by the Internet of things equipment are generated into a transaction data packet, the transaction data packet is encrypted and digitally signed by a private key, and the transaction data packet is stored in the block chain network after being identified and verified by the block chain network.
Compared with the prior art, the distributed instruction management method of the internet of things has the advantages that a safe distributed instruction management method of the internet of things is provided based on a block chain technology, independent identities are endowed to the equipment of the internet of things, the credibility of data sources in the internet of things is ensured through mechanisms such as an encryption algorithm and a digital signature, the cooperation of all departments and the exchange of data are realized through a consensus algorithm and an intelligent contract, the problem of single-point faults is solved, and the safety of a system is improved.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a block chain based distributed internet of things instruction management system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is an overall flowchart of a block chain-based distributed internet of things instruction management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a network entry flow diagram of an internet of things device connection block chain network according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a flow diagram of deploying operational instructions for internet of things devices as smart contracts for blockchain networks, according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of an internet of things device collecting environmental data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of data signature and uplink recording according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of issuing an operation instruction to an internet of things device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
The blockchain technique, also known as the distributed ledger technique, is a new distributed infrastructure and computing universe. Blockchain techniques utilize blockchain data structures to authenticate and store data, utilize distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, cryptographically secure data transmission and access, and utilize smart contracts composed of automated script code to generate and manipulate data.
In short, in the invention, through research and analysis, by combining the characteristics of the block chain technology and the internet of things, the devices of the internet of things distributed in different spaces are hung in the block chain system, so that the cooperation and data exchange of all departments are realized. The method comprises the steps of giving independent identity (namely a private key and a public key pair, also called a block chain account) to the equipment of the Internet of things, and encrypting data generated by the equipment of the Internet of things through an asymmetric encryption module in a block chain system and then storing the data on a chain. The method comprises the steps of performing instruction management on the Internet of things equipment by using an intelligent contract technology, adding Internet of things instruction operation by deploying an intelligent contract, and issuing an operation instruction to the Internet of things equipment by calling a preset intelligent contract. Aiming at the command management of the Internet of things, the unique identity, verifiable data and information sources are given to the equipment of the Internet of things through the block chain technology, and the data reliability and the safety of the command of the Internet of things are improved.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the distributed instruction management system for the internet of things based on the blockchain in the embodiment includes a client application layer, a blockchain platform, and an internet of things device, where the client application layer is in communication connection with the internet of things device and the blockchain platform, respectively, and the internet of things device and the blockchain platform are in communication connection.
The client application layer is used for processing input of a user or presenting data information and the like to the user so as to facilitate the user to use the system. For example, a user may operate the system and perform instruction management on the internet of things device. For another example, the client application layer may present information such as network conditions, historical usage, big data analysis results, and the like to the user.
In the embodiment of fig. 1, the client application layer is further subdivided into an interface layer, a service layer, and an interface layer according to function. The interface layer is used for providing a visual operation interface for a user and displaying an analysis interface; the business layer is used for processing business operations of the user, such as adding a new instruction operation of the Internet of things, namely deploying a new intelligent contract, issuing an operation instruction aiming at the equipment of the Internet of things, namely calling the intelligent contract; the interface layer provides interaction with the Internet of things equipment and the blockchain platform for the client application layer, can read chained data, call intelligent contracts and deploy intelligent contracts from the blockchain platform, and can also directly acquire environment data from the Internet of things equipment.
The block chain platform provides a block chain account book structure, a network structure, safety verification and the like. Each participant in the blockchain network has a unique identity, i.e., a private key and public key pair, also known as a blockchain account. Each data stored in the blockchain account book includes a digital signature of a blockchain account as a source identifier, and the uplink can be recorded only through the whole network consensus.
For example, the identity of a user in the blockchain may be represented by a public key or an account address generated according to the public key (e.g., the public key may be hashed and encoded specifically to generate the account address), and the public key and the private key are paired, wherein the private key is held by the user, and the public key or the above-mentioned account address may be freely distributed in the blockchain network.
The data stored in the blockchain account book is only increased, each newly increased block can be linked up after the block needs to be identified through the whole network, and the blockchain account book is maintained by the whole network nodes together. Therefore, the data stored in the blockchain platform has tamper-resistant characteristics. A series of intelligent contracts with operation instructions are deployed in the block chain network, and when contract preset conditions are met, contract scripts run automatically and the operation instructions are issued to corresponding Internet of things equipment. The deployment of the intelligent contracts is also consensus via the network nodes.
In the embodiment of fig. 1, the blockchain platform has a four-layer structure, which is a contract layer, a network layer, a security layer, and a storage layer.
The contract layer is responsible for managing and operating intelligent contracts. For example, intelligent contracts are deployed and run in a blockchain network, and the intelligent contracts are responsible for instruction management of the internet of things equipment.
The network layer is responsible for network node communication, the block chain network is a point-to-point distributed network, nodes in the network can communicate with each other according to a system communication protocol, and different nodes can exchange data and cooperate with each other to work cooperatively.
The safety layer is used for realizing safety mechanisms such as a consensus algorithm and an asymmetric encryption algorithm and is responsible for guaranteeing the safety and consistency of the block chain account book.
The storage layer is responsible for storing data on the chain, and the block chain account book data is a chain data structure. For example, each block of the chain of blocks includes a block header and a block body, the block header containing data for connecting previous blocks, indexed from the parent block hash value; a time stamp; nonce (random number), and the like. The transaction information recorded by the block main body is task data carried by the block, and includes information such as private keys of both transaction parties, the number of transactions, digital signatures corresponding to the transactions, and the like. The detailed data structure of the block is not described herein.
The Internet of things equipment is used for collecting environment data and signing and sending the environment data to the block chain network, each piece of Internet of things equipment has a unique identity, namely a block chain account, and data signed by the account has an identity so as to ensure that the data source on the block chain can be checked and trusted.
In the embodiment of fig. 1, the internet of things device includes four parts, which are a microprocessor, a data acquisition module, an encryption algorithm module and a communication module. The microprocessor is responsible for driving the whole Internet of things equipment, executing programs and processing data; the data acquisition module is responsible for acquiring environmental data; the encryption algorithm module is responsible for data encryption processing and data packet signature processing; the communication module is responsible for the communication of the Internet of things equipment and the interaction with the block chain network.
It should be noted that the internet of things device shown in fig. 1 includes, but is not limited to, smart home, smart wearable device, and other devices. For example, smart watches, smart air purifiers, sweeping robots, sensors, etc.
For convenience of understanding, the overall flow of the instruction management method of the distributed internet of things based on the blockchain will be described as an example.
Referring to fig. 2, the overall process includes five main parts, respectively: the new equipment is accessed to the network and is used for hanging the Internet of things equipment to a block chain network and configuring a block chain account as an identity for each piece of Internet of things equipment; the newly added instruction is used for deploying the operation instruction aiming at the Internet of things equipment in the block chain network in an intelligent contract mode; the method comprises the steps that environmental data are collected by the Internet of things equipment; the data signing and recording cochain is used for storing the acquired environmental data to a block chain network; and issuing an instruction to the Internet of things equipment, and judging whether to execute a corresponding intelligent contract or not in response to an operation instruction issued to the Internet of things equipment.
In one embodiment, the process of accessing the network by the new device is shown in fig. 3, and includes: initializing the equipment of the Internet of things; generating a public and private key pair; identity configuration is carried out on the Internet of things equipment; and adding the block network. In this way, new internet of things equipment can be added into the blockchain network.
In one embodiment, the process of adding the new instruction is shown in fig. 4, and includes: a client adds a new instruction request; generating a deployment contract transaction; performing consensus verification on the blockchain network; if the verification is passed, a new intelligent contract is deployed, otherwise, the intelligent contract is discarded. In this way, smart contracts for executing the newly added internet of things operating instructions will be deployed to the blockchain network.
For example, the new operation instruction request specifically includes: the method comprises the steps of a client account, a control Internet of things device list, instruction triggering conditions (such as environment brightness lower than 5lux and temperature higher than 35 ℃ and the like), and instruction content execution (such as turning on an LED lamp of the device, a buzzer alarm and the like).
In one embodiment, the process of collecting environmental data by the internet of things device is shown in fig. 5, and includes: the method comprises the steps that environmental data are collected by the Internet of things equipment; carrying out private key encryption and data packet signature on the acquired environmental data; and sending the signed data packet to the block chain network. Through the mode, the Internet of things equipment collects the environment data and packs the environment data into the transaction to be sent to the block chain network for storage.
In one embodiment, the process of data uplink is shown in fig. 6 and includes: for the generated transaction, the blockchain network performs consensus verification, if the verification passes, the uplink is packaged, and if the verification does not pass, the uplink is discarded. For example, specifically, a transaction data packet is generated based on environmental data collected by the internet of things device, and the transaction data packet is digitally signed by using a private key; the transaction data packet with the digital signature is recorded into a new block generated in the block chain by a miner in the block chain network, and the transaction data packet is issued to the block chain network; and other nodes of the block chain network acquire a public key from the generated transaction data packet, verify the digital signature of the transaction data packet according to the public key of the block chain link point, verify the data structure compliance of the transaction data packet, and write the transaction data packet passing the consensus verification into the block chain. In this way, the packet with the recorded environment information and node signature will be recorded uplink.
In one embodiment, a process of issuing an instruction to the internet of things device is shown in fig. 7, and includes: giving an instruction (namely new transaction generation) to the equipment of the Internet of things; judging whether a preset condition is met, namely a preset condition or rule in the intelligent contract, wherein the above-mentioned ambient brightness is lower than 5lux and the temperature is higher than 35 ℃; and under the condition of meeting the contract preset conditions, automatically executing the contract, and issuing an instruction to the Internet of things equipment. In this way, the target internet of things equipment indicated by the instruction is given an operation instruction and executes corresponding operation.
It should be noted that the consensus verification involved in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by using various existing mechanisms, for example, the consensus mechanism includes, but is not limited to, a workload attestation (POW) mechanism, a byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) mechanism, a rights mechanism attestation, and the like.
In summary, the distributed internet of things instruction management is realized based on the blockchain technology, and by using the distributed characteristics of the internet of things devices, each internet of things device is given a unique identity to access the internet of things device to the blockchain network, and a distributed internet of things instruction management system is constructed. In addition, by means of the traceability advantages of the block chain, the reliability of data sources in the system is improved, and the safety is improved. Multiple software and hardware tests prove that the method can meet the expected design index, and solves the problems of safety, single-point failure and the like of the Internet of things.
The present invention may be a system, method and/or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions embodied therewith for causing a processor to implement various aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can hold and store the instructions for use by the instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic memory device, a magnetic memory device, an optical memory device, an electromagnetic memory device, a semiconductor memory device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical coding device, such as punch cards or in-groove projection structures having instructions stored thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer-readable storage media as used herein is not to be construed as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (e.g., optical pulses through a fiber optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through electrical wires.
The computer-readable program instructions described herein may be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to a respective computing/processing device, or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, such as the internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. The network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer-readable program instructions for storage in a computer-readable storage medium in the respective computing/processing device.
The computer program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, aspects of the present invention are implemented by personalizing an electronic circuit, such as a programmable logic circuit, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), with state information of computer-readable program instructions, which can execute the computer-readable program instructions.
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.
These computer-readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer-readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer-readable medium storing the instructions comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. It is well known to those skilled in the art that implementation by hardware, by software, and by a combination of software and hardware are equivalent.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A distributed Internet of things instruction management method based on a block chain comprises the following steps:
connecting the Internet of things equipment to a block chain network, and configuring a block chain account for each piece of Internet of things equipment as an identity;
deploying an operation instruction aiming at the equipment of the Internet of things in a block chain network through a design intelligent contract;
and generating a transaction data packet from the data acquired by the Internet of things equipment, encrypting and digitally signing the transaction data packet by using a private key, and storing the transaction data packet to the block chain network after the block chain network consensus verification.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein deploying operational instructions for internet of things devices to a blockchain network by designing smart contracts comprises:
generating a deployment contract transaction in response to an operation instruction request for the Internet of things equipment;
and the blockchain network executes consensus verification on the generated deployment contract transaction and decides to deploy the corresponding intelligent contract or abandon the deployment according to the verification result.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the operational instruction request for the internet of things device comprises: the device comprises an Internet of things device list, an instruction triggering condition and an execution instruction content, wherein the Internet of things device list is used for indicating target devices aimed by instructions, the execution instruction content is used for indicating operation commands for controlling the target devices, and the instruction triggering condition is used for indicating preset conditions for executing the instructions.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the operation instruction request for the Internet of things device is from a user input of a client, and further comprises client account information.
5. The method of claim 3, further comprising: and responding to an operation instruction issued by the Internet of things network equipment, judging whether an instruction triggering condition of a corresponding intelligent contract is met, and if so, controlling the target Internet of things equipment to execute the operation instruction by operating a contract script.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of generating a transaction data packet from data collected by the internet of things device, encrypting and digitally signing the transaction data packet by using a private key, and storing the transaction data packet to the blockchain network after being identified and verified by the blockchain network comprises the steps of:
generating a transaction data packet based on environmental data acquired by the Internet of things equipment, and digitally signing the transaction data packet by using a private key;
the transaction data packet with the digital signature is recorded into a new block generated in the block chain by a miner in the block chain network, and the transaction data packet is issued to the block chain network;
and other nodes of the block chain network acquire a public key from the generated transaction data packet, verify the digital signature of the transaction data packet according to the public key of the block chain link point, verify the data structure compliance of the transaction data packet, and write the transaction data packet passing the consensus verification into the block chain.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the consensus verification means comprises a workload attestation mechanism, a Byzantine fault tolerance mechanism, a rights mechanism attestation.
8. A distributed Internet of things instruction management system based on a block chain comprises a client application layer, Internet of things equipment and a block chain platform, wherein instruction management for the Internet of things equipment is achieved among the client application layer, the Internet of things equipment and the block chain platform through information interaction, an intelligent contract is designed and deployed in a block chain network according to an operation instruction of the Internet of things equipment, data collected by the Internet of things equipment are generated into a transaction data packet, the transaction data packet is encrypted and digitally signed by a private key, and the transaction data packet is stored in the block chain network after being identified and verified by the block chain network.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the client application layer is configured to add a new internet of things instruction operation, issue an operation instruction for an internet of things device; reading data on the chain from the block chain platform, calling an intelligent contract and deploying the intelligent contract; and acquiring environmental data acquired by the Internet of things equipment.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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