CN110099055A - Internet of Things service architecture based on lightweight block chain node - Google Patents
Internet of Things service architecture based on lightweight block chain node Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
- G06Q20/3823—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction combining multiple encryption tools for a transaction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
- G06Q20/3827—Use of message hashing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
- G06Q20/3829—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction involving key management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
- H04L63/1441—Countermeasures against malicious traffic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
- H04L63/1441—Countermeasures against malicious traffic
- H04L63/1458—Denial of Service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/80—Wireless
- H04L2209/805—Lightweight hardware, e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor
Abstract
The invention discloses the Internet of Things service architecture based on lightweight block chain node, which is made of this 5 layers of mechanical floor, full node layer, block link network network layers, service layer and application layer.Solves the problems, such as data exchange between equipment and equipment using point-to-point communication mode in block chain technology using internet of things equipment as lightweight block chain node；Simultaneously because the characteristics of block chain technology decentralization itself and the Encryption Algorithm that cryptography is added solve equipment room without safety problem that may be present during trust and data sharing；And intelligent contract is introduced, Internet of Things all devices and data information are managed, by the event triggering of intelligent contract and the script system of automatic operating, optimum management process solves resource consolidation and problem of management.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to block chain technical field, computer network communication field, internet of things field etc., the framework applications in
The fields such as wisdom logistics, wisdom traffic, wisdom family.
Background technique
Block chain is put forward for the first time to realize bit coin by Satoshi Nakamoto, is a kind of similar to lists of links
Data structure has a series of blocks, and each piece generally comprises previous piece of cryptographic Hash, timestamp and some form of transaction
Data.It is one only can additional data data structure, block once addition if cannot modify afterwards.Block chain is a kind of
Point-to-point distribution account book, anyone can individually verify the authenticity of recorded transaction.Compared to central server
Data maintenance mode, there is no can be to the record of outward leakage for block chain.In the case where public block chain, anyone may be used
With create public/private keys to and participate in the transaction on block chain.The public key of given entity becomes its address, and private key can be used for signing
Affix one's name to any transaction being related on the block chain of the entity.The node of public block chain is calculated in next piece of upper agreement by consistency
Method is added to block chain.The most common consistency algorithm is proof of work, is completed wherein the host subset of referred to as miner competes
Computation-intensive task, and any people for first completing it can suggest for next piece being added in block chain.
With the continuous deepening of research, block chain technology is led in the finance such as digital cash, ideal money, fund credit management
Domain is all popularized, and successful case is too numerous to enumerate.In fact, the application scenarios of block chain technology are not limited only to finance and warp
Ji industry, unique technical characterstic and reliable trust systems can be applied in industry more abundant.
It is estimated that 30,000,000,000 equipment are connected to internet to the year two thousand twenty by Internet of Things (IoT).These equipment are protected to generate
It with the mass data of transmission, while reducing force the increased computing cost of safety measure institute to the maximum extent, this is a Xiang Ju great
Challenge.Traditional Internet of Things service architecture be C/S model, by internet of things equipment by 3g, 4g, Wi-Fi, bluetooth, NB-IoT,
Data or order are uploaded to central server and concentrate preservation by Ethernet, various industrial bus etc., not only lack certain data
Protective capability has influenced the privacy and safety of data；And being increasing with internet of things equipment, for central server
Process performance and memory headroom be proposed great challenge.Block chain technology is that these problems bring solution,
Using block chain can not tamper, Encryption Algorithm, public/private keys authenticate, the secure storage of data can be protected in shared；Point
The structure of cloth account book has also shared the burden that data are centrally stored in a central server, significantly reduces network
Load.
It will be existing Internet of Things that block chain technology, which is applied to Internet of Things framework for management equipment and device data,
Planar network architecture, which provides, greatly to help.However, block chain technology introducing Internet of Things framework will be generated a series of asking for aspect of performance
Topic.
Data space problem: block chain scale can constantly expand with the increase of equipment and data volume.In addition to logical
Except the encryption moneytary operations being often stored thereon, either party can store information using public block chain, this increase
The size of block chain so that in Internet of Things framework lesser equipment be difficult to bear it is empty for the storage of memory block chain copy
Between.
Operation energy consumption problem: the common recognition process needs of the existing publicly-owned chain of block chain are largely calculated, calculating common recognition
Process depend on stable miner pond, and need to be implemented some computation-intensive tasks new block could be added to block chain
In, which can consume the computing resource and electric power that conventional internet of things equipment can not undertake.
Scaling concern: under Internet of Things framework, the real-time that acquisition transmission of data etc. is transmitted sometimes for consideration data,
And traditional block chain data common recognition process speed itself is slow, the block generation time of traditional bit coin block chain is fixed on
10 minutes, which was unable to satisfy the real-time demand of data under environment of internet of things.
Equipment cooperation problem: Internet of things node computing capability itself is limited, under conditions of ad hoc network, is usually between node
Logical relation is not present between node for independent parallel work relationship, and under block chain environment, the submission that there is transaction between node is sent
With received logical relation, it is therefore desirable to consider the cooperation problem of equipment room.
In view of problem above, the present invention proposes the Internet of Things service architecture based on lightweight block chain node, lightweight
Node client is mainly characterized by its client and can quickly be deployed on microcomputer system with low power, so that one
A little lesser equipment only need a part of memory block chain, and need to retrieve remaining information, the party according to block chain network
Method can be solved the problems, such as preferably can not complete memory block chain copy compared with skinny device.According to the above demand, reality of the invention
Now consider use ether mill light node synchronous mode, the mode allow have the relatively skinny device of limited hardware resource with
Too block chain in mill interacts.Lightweight client relies on Light Ethereum sub-protocol (LES), and is only starting at present
The subset of block head is carried, and obtains other all the elements on demand from block chain network when needed.This is depositing light client
Storage aspect is more efficient, but increases the bandwidth cost of equipment.Other all the elements all remain unchanged, including save with ether mill
The library of point communication and order.
Summary of the invention
The present invention devises a kind of Internet of Things service architecture based on lightweight block chain node, main contributions of the invention
It is as follows:
1. devising the IOT based on the light node of block chain aiming at the problem that being lack of consistency between Internet of Things framework interior joint
The network architecture can integrate Internet of Things resource by light node, improve the intelligence of internet of things equipment, complete IOT preferably
Corresponding service；
2. aiming at the problem that lacking management system between Internet of Things framework interior joint, in lightweight block chain Internet of Things framework
On basis, the logic of intelligent contract is devised, all internet of things equipment can organically be linked together, by setting
The addition of slave node and registration combining encryption algorithm, can establish the network device management system of set of system
Block chain technology is applied to Internet of Things service architecture to solve due to the decentralization of block chain technology itself
Trust problem between equipment and equipment, Encryption Algorithm reduce the security risk during data sharing.But due to tradition
The common recognition of block chain is PoW (proof of work), although its is highly-safe, is consumed bigger.In addition, block chain needs to stablize
Miner pond, they, which have to carry out some computation-intensive tasks, to be added to new block in block chain, this can generate meter
Calculate resource and electric power.Moreover, memory space needed for block chain constantly expands with the increase of equipment amount and data volume, lead to one
A little internet of things equipment can not store entire block chain copy completely.Finally, due to which actual scene needs, equipment and equipment room may
Data sharing is needed, traditional Internet of Things framework can only obtain the data of other equipment by communicating with intermediate server, reduce
The working efficiency of whole system framework, while increasing the load of intermediate server.
The invention proposes a kind of Internet of Things service architecture based on lightweight block chain node, using internet of things equipment as
Lightweight block chain node solves data between equipment and equipment and hands over using point-to-point communication mode in block chain technology
The problem of changing；Simultaneously because the Encryption Algorithm of the characteristics of block chain technology decentralization itself and addition cryptography is solved and is set
Without safety problem that may be present during trust and data sharing between standby；And intelligent contract is introduced, management Internet of Things is all
Equipment and data information pass through the event triggering of intelligent contract and the script system of automatic operating, optimum management process, solution
It has determined resource consolidation and problem of management.
The present invention describes the Internet of Things service architecture based on lightweight block chain node proposed in detail, and gives
Facility registration, equipment upload data, user's registration and user and use steps necessary required for data.
Whole system framework is as shown in Figure 1, the Internet of Things service architecture based on lightweight block chain node, Internet of Things clothes
Business framework is made of this 5 layers of mechanical floor, full node layer, block link network network layers, service layer and application layer.
The bottom of the mechanical floor as the framework, be responsible for using the data of acquisition as one transaction be submitted to equipment itself this
A lightweight block chain node, while the node passes through 3G, 4G even 5G with upper one layer i.e. some full node of full node layer again
Technology or wireless network connection；The full node of full node layer is responsible for the common recognition algorithm using block link network network layers, to trade into
Row digs mine processing, to realize the data common recognition of whole district's block chain network.Block link network network layers include that maintenance block chain network is normally transported
Capable common recognition algorithm, Encryption Algorithm, further include intelligent contract, block link network network layers are responsible for depositing the Data Integration in block chain
Storage, block chain network control the common recognition algorithm of all full nodes of next layer layer by layer, store the received data of all devices layer；Service
Layer is the S (Server) in tradition C/S architecture technology, receives the receipt of all processing transaction of block chain network layer, corresponding equipment
The data of layer are managed concentratedly, and the request of application layer is waited；Application layer and service layer collectively form a complete C/S frame
Structure, application layer will add data included by service layer itself and its block information in block chain as C (Client)
To use, including inquiry operation etc..Lower mask body introduces each layer of the framework:
1) mechanical floor
Mechanical floor includes all devices of Internet of Things.Such as the intelligence in all types of sensors, smart phone, smart home
Air-conditioning, headlamp etc..Each equipment is used as a lightweight block chain node in this framework, because of these equipment
Can with the limitation of memory, with traditional block chain node the difference is that lightweight node does not have enough memories to execute digging mine
Order, is not acting as this role in the Internet of Things service architecture, can only receive the transaction of submission, then transfer to the Internet of Things service
Next layer of framework: full node layer carries out digging mine reaching common understanding.
In addition, needing to possess an account address on each device, mentioned as the data information that the equipment generates is received
The destination address of friendship, from device manufacturer after production equipment immediately into block catenary system with password, i.e. private key is applied, area
Block catenary system generates public key by SECP256K1 algorithm process according to private key, and SECP256K1 algorithm can not be released from public key counter
Private key is the basic algorithm for guaranteeing bit coin safety.Each equipment therefore using public key as the unique identification of equipment identities,
Need jointly to submit to public key, private key and data information account processing when upload information.In the finger that reception is issued by application layer
When enabling, it is also desirable to which the public key for using certain equipment just controls equipment and executes order.
Finally, due to the characteristic of block catenary system, is different from traditional Internet of Things service architecture, it can between each internet of things equipment
With realize it is point-to-point trade, to reach certain functional requirement, such as data exchange, data sharing, point-to-point transaction
Deng.
2) full node layer
Full node layer includes the full node being responsible for the entire block catenary system of maintenance and running well, and is received by upper one layer of Internet of Things
The transaction request that net equipment, lightweight node are submitted, these full node memories are sufficient, functional, are mainly responsible for as Internet of Things
Safety guarantee is provided, it will be in facility information, data information write-in block chain network.
3) block link network network layers
The core layer of the Internet of Things framework, including common recognition algorithm, Encryption Algorithm, intelligent contract.
Common recognition algorithm includes that proof of work (Pow), equity prove (Pos), Byzantine failure tolerance (BFT).Wherein workload
It is proved to be most common a kind of common recognition algorithm in current block catenary system, including the biggish block chain application development platform of user volume
The common recognition algorithm of ether mill default is exactly proof of work algorithm.So-called proof of work, exactly a confirmation working end are done
Cross the proof of a certain amount of work.The asymmetry for being mainly characterized by calculating of PoW system.Working end needs to do the work of certain difficulty
Obtain one as a result, authentication is but easy to check whether working end has done corresponding work by result.
Encryption Algorithm mainly includes elliptic curve cryptography, hash algorithm etc..Elliptic curve cryptography is based on ellipse
A kind of algorithm of public key cryptography of curve math, safety depend on the difficulty of elliptic curves discrete logarithm problem.It is oval
Curve cryptography algorithm has following two clear advantage: 1) short key length, it means that small bandwidth and memory requirement；
2) all users can choose the different elliptic curves on same base field, and all users can be made to use and similarly operated
At domain operation.Hash algorithm is a kind of mathematical function, can be by the message compression of random length within the limited reasonable time
The binary string of regular length, output valve are known as cryptographic Hash, also referred to as hashed value.The Hash constructed based on hash function
Algorithm plays important role in contemporary cryptology, is usually used in realizing data integrity and entity authentication, while also constituting
The safety guarantee of a variety of cipher systems and agreement.
Intelligent contract.The most important one aspect in ether mill is exactly intelligent contract.This concept initially by NickSzabo in
It introduces within 1994, intelligent contract is that block chain brings innovation.Ether mill uses intelligent contract on block chain, to develop
Personnel can write program on block chain.In other words, using intelligent contract, ether mill can be used as computing platform.
There are programming language, such as Solidity, Serpent and LLL in ether mill.At this point, Solidity is most widely used
Language and compiler.This high-level language after exploitation is compiled into syllabified code.These syllabified codes are deployed in ether mill
On.Since syllabified code is an opcode list, once corresponding contract, ether mill section are executed from effective account
Point those of will follow in code instruction.
Block link network network layers are uploaded by safeguarding jointly between upper one layer of the full node of block chain from the light node device of Internet of Things
Data to full node can be uploaded in block chain by common recognition algorithm, be stored in intelligence according to the program write in intelligent contract
In contract, used for service layer and application layer.
4) service layer.
Service layer is made of many servers, and each different server is each different for executing different services
Server includes registrar, information server, knowledge services device etc..
According to traditional Internet of Things application, registrar is responsible for the service such as processing equipment registration, user's registration.Each
After a equipment production is completed, require to complete registration in block catenary system by registrar, block catenary system can root
A public key is calculated by particular public key/private key algorithm according to the private key that device manufacturer is equipment setting, and by the letter of the equipment
Breath and public, private key are stored in intelligent contract collectively as device attribute.The public key is unique and effective in block catenary system,
Public key returns to equipment using registrar.The equipment can be used as the friendship that lightweight node participates in block chain network as a result,
Easily.If equipment amount is excessive, request amount is big, then it is contemplated that increasing vendor server newly on the basis of registrar, manufacturer's service
Device connects registrar, is responsible for receiving the facility registration request of corresponding manufacturer's production, is disposed and gives registration clothes again later
Business device is handled into chain.
Information server stores the information that each lightweight internet of things equipment node uploads.In the case where being verified,
Lightweight device node directly can send data, including lightweight device node public key, URL, data word to information server
Data are uploaded to block catenary system simultaneously after saving by the information such as section, information server, block catenary system meeting after the completion of transaction
It returns to transaction Hash, exchange to complete to save by Transaction Information in information such as blocks, then by information server corresponding informance, with side
Just use of the subsequent user to data.
Knowledge services device corresponding informance server is obtained on the basis of information server data by big data analysis
Information, and some blanket conclusions are obtained according to data mining, or be the information prediction that is uploaded according to equipment not
The information state come will make some instructions for future.
5) application layer
Application layer includes cell phone application, information monitoring platform etc., provides intelligence s ervice for every profession and trade.Also can refer to from top to bottom
Lead the information collection movement of internet of things equipment, transmitting order to lower levels management etc..Suitable for different field, including agricultural, traffic, logistics,
Medical treatment etc..
So far, each layer of content introduction of the framework finishes.
Block chain technical protection data safety is added compared with traditional Internet of Things framework in the framework, avoids malicious persons sharp
Equipment is uploaded with high operating right and the data of server storage are distorted, simultaneously because block chain technology is gone
Centralization feature, the data submitted for internet of things equipment are respectively stored in all full nodes, do not need to utilize center service
Device reception request is centrally stored, eliminates central processing server, increases data reliability.
In contrast to existing block chain application, the framework is again using all internet of things equipment as a lightweight block chain link
Point, data collected for equipment can be directly submitted in the block chain lightweight node of the equipment, pass through being total to for full node
Know processing to be directly submitted in block chain.This means that all participate in a part that entity all includes block chain, and data are straight
Sending and receiving are sent to block chain, without being sent to server, it is sufficient to resist many Denial of Service attack and forgery attack, greatly mention
The safety of high system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the stratal diagram of entire framework.
Fig. 2 is lightweight block chain node device register flow path figure.
Fig. 3 is that lightweight block chain node data uploads flow chart.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of user's registration.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of user query lightweight block chain node data.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described by 1-5 with reference to the accompanying drawing, the equipment including the lightweight node under this framework
Registration, user's registration, the step of data of lightweight node upload, user the demands such as uses to data explanation.
Illustrate facility registration step according to fig. 2 first.
Step 1: an equipment is completed and after as lightweight block chain node access area block catenary system when manufacturer produces,
Equipment need to send to registrar and request, and required parameter include that (such as production time, device model, equipment are thin for facility information
Save parameter etc.), should also include the private key information that belong to equipment, private key as a subsequent password using device service,
It can be a string of character strings.I.e. lightweight node device need to send one to registrar and have facility information and private key character
The request of string；
Step 2: after registrar receives the request from lightweight block chain node device, obtaining request ginseng
Number: facility information and private key information are first stored in local data base, while using facility information and private key as parameter to block
Catenary system is sent；
Step 3: after block catenary system receives lightweight block chain node device information and private key, passing through SECP256K1
Algorithm or other public key computational algorithms calculate a string of unique hexadecimal strings according to the request private key of equipment, as this
Request the public key of equipment, it will be appreciated that be the address of equipment；
Step 4: after block catenary system calculates public key according to private key, facility information, private key, public key being corresponded into the equipment
Deposit can return to the transaction data such as hash value, block number of trading, area about in the intelligent contract of facility registration after being successfully stored in
Public key, transaction Hash, block number are returned to registrar by block catenary system；
Step 5: registrar will be stored in local in the public key received, transaction Hash, the corresponding step 2 of block number
Facility information and private key information save together, as the index of subsequent query block catenary system, facilitate facility registration information
Inquiry；
Step 6: on the one hand public key information is returned to lightweight block chain node device by registrar, on the other hand will
Public key as parameter to information server issue request, use public key as major key be one information server of the device request,
Store the subsequent possible information uploaded of the equipment；
Step 7: after information server receives the request of registrar, information server address being returned into light weight
The public key information that information server address corresponds to this equipment is stored in equipment local by grade node device, lightweight node.
So far, lightweight block chain node device completes facility registration.Facility registration information is respectively stored in block linkwork
In the intelligent contract and registrar of system, the facility registration information is in addition store in registrar well in block catenary system
The block number (position) and transaction hash value of middle storage, are convenient for subsequent query and verifying.
Then, the step of lightweight block chain node device uploads data is explained according to Fig. 3.
Step 1: lightweight block chain node first checks for whether inside has the address of an information server, if not having
Have, then represents the equipment and do not registered in block catenary system；If so, then will public key, private key, Yao Shangchuan data Data
It sends and requests to information server as required parameter；
Step 2: after information server receives request, local is on the one hand saved the data in, it on the other hand will be in data
Block catenary system is passed to, while sending the data to knowledge services device；
Step 3: after block catenary system receives the new information record sended over from information server, deposit record number
According to intelligent contract, { transaction Hash, block number } is returned into information server after successfully saving；
Step 4: after information server receives { transaction Hash, block number }, this corresponding, which records, to be saved, i.e. completion number
According to the mapping of-transaction, such as { equipment public key, uploaded data, URL }-{ trade Hash, block number }；
Step 5: after knowledge services device obtains the data sent by information server, being believed according to equipment public key, data etc.
Breath extracts profound data value, extracts blanket conclusion or pre- using data mining, big data analysis technology
Measured data etc. is used for application layer, optimization application experience.
So far, lightweight block chain node device completes the upload of data.Equipment uploads to information after verifying
Data are sent respectively to block catenary system and knowledge services device by information server, information server, and by data and block
Transaction Hash and block number mapping that catenary system returns save, and facilitate subsequent inquiry and use to data.
Then, the step of user's registration being explained according to Fig. 4.
Step 1: { equipment public key, private key, application password } is sent to registration to registrar as parameter and taken by user
Business device；
Step 2: after registrar receives request, first verifying that whether equipment public key, private key match, permit if matching
Perhaps the user accesses the permission of the equipment.{ equipment public key, private key, application password } is saved to local, while by { public key, Shen
Please password } it is sent to block catenary system；
Step 3: after block catenary system receives registrar request, according to the request password of user according to certain calculation
The UserId of the user is calculated in method, and returns to registrar；
Step 4: on the one hand that { UserId } is corresponding after registrar receives { UserId } of the return of block catenary system
Local { equipment public key, private key, application password } mapping saves, and on the other hand returns to user terminal.
So far, user's registration step is completed.When user needs the data using certain lightweight block chain node, need to only it make
It is logged in { UserId applies for password }, i.e., it can be seen that certain light weight can be used in the list of devices that oneself has permission to access, selection
The data of grade node device.
Finally, the step of explaining user query lightweight block chain node data according to Fig. 5.
Step 1: user logs according to { UserId, Pw }, logins successfully and illustrates that the user has the certain device data of inquiry
Right.Selection will inquire the lightweight block chain node device of data, be matched to after the equipment and correspond to equipment correspondence
Information server；
Step 2: { equipment public key, equipment-related data } is used as parameter request block catenary system by information server；
Step 3: after block catenary system receives request, according to { equipment public key, equipment-related data } in intelligent contract
Inquiry, proves that the data are implicitly present in if Data Matching, returns to True to information server；If data are not present, prove
The information of information server storage is modified, needs more new data again, returns to False；
Step 4: after the True that information server receives the return of block catenary system, related data being returned into waiting number
According to user, for user carry out using.
So far, user is with information inspection permission, has obtained information server, has been deposited in block catenary system
The data with the device-dependent of storage.
Specific embodiment describes under this architecture, and lightweight block chain node and user use the framework is some must
The demand explanation wanted, such as the facility registration that needs of lightweight block chain node and upload data, the registration of user and right
In the data query of lightweight block chain node.Demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the framework.
Claims (6)
1. the Internet of Things service architecture based on lightweight block chain node, it is characterised in that: the Internet of Things service architecture is by equipment
This 5 layers layer, full node layer, block link network network layers, service layer and application layer composition；
The bottom of the mechanical floor as the framework, is responsible for being submitted to equipment itself using the data of acquisition as a transaction that this is light
Magnitude block chain node, while the node passes through 3G, 4G even 5G technology with upper one layer i.e. some full node of full node layer again
Or wireless network connection；The full node of full node layer is responsible for digging transaction using the common recognition algorithm of block link network network layers
Mine processing, to realize the data common recognition of whole district's block chain network；Block link network network layers include that maintenance block chain network operates normally
Common recognition algorithm, Encryption Algorithm, further include intelligent contract, and block link network network layers are responsible for the Data Integration storage in block chain, area
Block chain network controls the common recognition algorithm of all full nodes of next layer layer by layer, stores the received data of all devices layer；Service layer is
S in traditional C/S architecture technology, receives the receipt of all processing transaction of block chain network layer, and the data of corresponding mechanical floor carry out
Centralized management, waits the request of application layer；Application layer and service layer collectively form a complete C/S framework, application layer conduct
C will be subject to data included by service layer itself and its block information in block chain to use including inquiry operation.
2. the Internet of Things service architecture according to claim 1 based on lightweight block chain node, it is characterised in that: equipment
Layer includes all types of sensors, smart phone, the intelligent air condition in smart home, headlamp of Internet of Things；Each equipment exists
A lightweight block chain node is all used as in this framework, because of the limitation of these equipment performances and memory, with traditional block
Chain node is not the difference is that lightweight node has enough memories to execute and dig mine order, in the Internet of Things service architecture not
Take on this role, can only receive the transaction of submission, then transfer to next layer of the Internet of Things service architecture: full node layer carries out
Mine is dug to reach common understanding；
In addition, needing to possess an account address on each device, submitted as the data information for receiving equipment generation
Destination address, from device manufacturer after production equipment immediately into block catenary system with password, i.e. private key is applied, block chain
System generates public key by SECP256K1 algorithm process according to private key, and SECP256K1 algorithm can not release private from public key anti-
Key is the basic algorithm for guaranteeing bit coin safety；Each equipment is therefore using public key as the unique identification of equipment identities, upper
Communication needs jointly to submit to public key, private key and data information account processing when ceasing；In the instruction that reception is issued by application layer
When, it is also desirable to the public key for using certain equipment just controls equipment and executes order；
Finally, due to which the characteristic of block catenary system, is different from traditional Internet of Things service architecture, realizes a little between each internet of things equipment
To trading for point, to reach certain functional requirement.
3. the Internet of Things service architecture according to claim 1 based on lightweight block chain node, it is characterised in that: Quan Jie
Point layer includes the full node being responsible for the entire block catenary system of maintenance and running well, and is received by upper one layer of internet of things equipment, light weight
The transaction request that grade node is submitted is responsible for Internet of Things and provides safety guarantee, and block link network is written in facility information, data information
In network.
4. the Internet of Things service architecture according to claim 1 based on lightweight block chain node, it is characterised in that: the object
The core layer of networking framework, including common recognition algorithm, Encryption Algorithm, intelligent contract；
Common recognition algorithm includes proof of work Pow, equity proof Pos, Byzantine failure tolerance BFT；Proof of work includes user volume
The common recognition algorithm of big block chain application development platform ether mill default is exactly proof of work algorithm；So-called workload card
Bright, the proof of a certain amount of work was done in exactly a confirmation working end；PoW system is characterized in the asymmetry calculated；
Encryption Algorithm includes elliptic curve cryptography, hash algorithm；Elliptic curve cryptography is based on elliptic curve mathematics
A kind of algorithm of public key cryptography, safety depend on the difficulty of elliptic curves discrete logarithm problem；
Intelligent contract, ether mill uses intelligent contract on block chain, so that developer can write journey on block chain
Sequence；
Block link network network layers are uploaded to entirely by safeguarding jointly between upper one layer of the full node of block chain from the light node device of Internet of Things
The data of node can be uploaded in block chain by common recognition algorithm, be stored in intelligent contract according to the program write in intelligent contract
In, it is used for service layer and application layer.
5. the Internet of Things service architecture according to claim 1 based on lightweight block chain node, it is characterised in that: service
Layer；
Service layer is made of many servers, and each different server is for executing different services, each different service
Device includes registrar, information server, knowledge services device；
According to traditional Internet of Things application, registrar is responsible for processing equipment registration, user's registration service；In each equipment
After production is completed, require to complete registration in block catenary system by registrar, block catenary system can be according to equipment
Manufacturer is that the private key of equipment setting calculates a public key by particular public key/private key algorithm, and by the information of the equipment and public
Key private key is stored in intelligent contract collectively as device attribute；The public key is unique and effective in block catenary system, and public key is again
Equipment is returned to by registrar；The equipment can be used as the transaction that lightweight node participates in block chain network as a result,；If setting
Standby amount is excessive, and request amount is big, then it is contemplated that increasing vendor server newly on the basis of registrar, vendor server connection note
Volume server is responsible for receiving the facility registration request of corresponding manufacturer's production, is disposed and gives registrar processing again later
Enter chain；
Information server stores the information that each lightweight internet of things equipment node uploads；In the case where being verified, light weight
Grade device node directly can send data, including lightweight device node public key, URL, data field letter to information server
Data are uploaded to block catenary system simultaneously after saving by breath, information server, and block catenary system can return to friendship after the completion of transaction
Transaction Information is completed to save by easy Hash, exchange in block information, then by information server corresponding informance, to facilitate subsequent use
Use of the family to data；
Knowledge services device corresponding informance server, on the basis of information server data, the letter that is obtained by big data analysis
Breath.
6. the Internet of Things service architecture according to claim 1 based on lightweight block chain node, it is characterised in that: application
Layer includes cell phone application, information monitoring platform, provides intelligence s ervice for every profession and trade；Or internet of things equipment is instructed from top to bottom
Information collection movement, transmitting order to lower levels management.
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