CN112129881B - High-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device - Google Patents
High-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112129881B CN112129881B CN202010856763.1A CN202010856763A CN112129881B CN 112129881 B CN112129881 B CN 112129881B CN 202010856763 A CN202010856763 A CN 202010856763A CN 112129881 B CN112129881 B CN 112129881B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical reaction devices, and relates to a high-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device. The experimental device comprises a sealed glove box, a gas access port, a reaction container, a sodium introducing port, a heating plate, a power supply, a balance, an aerosol collecting container, an aerosol collecting pipeline, an aerosol collecting port, an air pump, a gas collecting pipeline, a gas collecting port and a gas collecting bag. The high-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device can be better used for experimental research of high-temperature sodium combustion reaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical reaction devices, and relates to a high-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device.
Background
The metal sodium is a coolant of a sodium-cooled fast neutron reactor and has important application in the field of nuclear power. In the sodium-cooled fast reactor, a plurality of sodium-containing devices operate in a high-temperature state for a long time, and the devices (particularly sodium loop pipelines, sodium valves and the like) are coated with heat-insulating cotton to ensure the normal operation of the system. When the sodium-cooled fast reactor has a sodium leakage accident, the outer-layer heat-insulating cotton of the equipment pipeline can be in direct contact with high-temperature sodium, even the combustion reaction of the heat-insulating cotton and the high-temperature sodium is caused, and how to avoid the combustion reaction has important significance for ensuring the normal operation of the equipment pipeline, ensuring the safety of operation and maintenance personnel and the like. Therefore, it is necessary and necessary to develop a compatibility study of the high-temperature sodium and the thermal insulation material under relevant conditions, and the compatibility study is used for obtaining a temperature parameter when the high-temperature sodium and the thermal insulation cotton are combusted, observing a combustion phenomenon, analyzing a reaction product after the combustion, and evaluating the compatibility of the thermal insulation material and the high-temperature sodium.
The combustion reaction of metallic sodium in the atmosphere has the following special properties and phenomena:
(1) the sodium metal exposed in the atmosphere rapidly undergoes chemical reaction, the surface loses metal luster, and oxygen absorption and water absorption are easy;
(2) sodium at 150-250 ℃ can be directly combusted in the atmosphere, and simultaneously generates a large amount of aerosol which can be rapidly diffused to the surrounding environment and fill the space;
(3) the combustion temperature of the sodium can reach 600-800 ℃, and simultaneously, a large amount of heat is released.
When carrying out relevant experimental research on the combustion reaction of the metal sodium, the sodium has strong chemical activity, reacts with other substances in the atmosphere to generate high combustion temperature and violent combustion process, and generates a large amount of gas and aerosol harmful to human bodies, so a special closed experimental device is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device which can be better used for experimental research of high-temperature sodium combustion reaction.
To achieve the object, in a basic embodiment, the present invention provides a high temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental apparatus, which comprises a sealed glove box, a gas inlet, a reaction container, a sodium inlet, a heating plate, a power supply, a balance, an aerosol collecting container, an aerosol collecting pipeline, an aerosol collecting port, a suction pump, a gas collecting pipeline, a gas collecting port, and a gas collecting bag,
the reaction container, the heating plate, the balance, the aerosol collecting container and the aerosol collecting container are arranged in the glove box;
introducing oxygen-containing gas into the reaction vessel through the gas inlet formed in the outer wall of the glove box, and introducing sodium into the reaction vessel through the sodium inlet formed in the outer wall of the glove box, so as to realize a high-temperature sodium combustion reaction in the reaction vessel;
the heating plate realizes the heating of the reaction container under the power supply of the power supply;
the balance is used for weighing the total weight of the substances in the reaction container so as to monitor the sodium spraying amount;
the aerosol collecting container is used for collecting aerosol settled in the glove box in the sodium combustion reaction;
the aerosol collecting container is used for collecting aerosol floating in the glove box in the sodium combustion reaction;
the aerosol collecting pipeline penetrates through the aerosol collecting port formed in the outer wall of the glove box, and two ends of the aerosol collecting pipeline are respectively connected with the aerosol collecting container and the air pump outside the glove box;
the gas collecting pipeline penetrates through the gas collecting port formed in the outer wall of the glove box, and two ends of the gas collecting pipeline are respectively connected with the gas space in the glove box and the air pump outside the glove box;
the air pump is used for quantitatively collecting the aerosol in the glove box to the aerosol collecting container through air extraction in the sodium combustion reaction, or is used for pumping the air in the glove box to the air collecting bag outside the glove box through the air collecting pipeline.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a high-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device, wherein the balance is an electronic balance.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a high temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental apparatus, wherein the oxygen-containing gas is air or a mixed gas of oxygen and an inert gas.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a high temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental apparatus, wherein the experimental apparatus further comprises a sodium injection tank, a sodium injection pipe, and sodium stored in the sodium injection tank disposed outside the glove box is introduced into the reaction vessel through the sodium injection pipe passing through the sodium introduction port.
In a more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a high temperature sodium combustion reaction assay device, wherein said assay device further comprises a thermocouple for measuring the temperature of sodium in said sodium injection tank.
In a more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a high temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental apparatus, wherein the experimental apparatus further comprises a temperature control heater for heating the sodium in the sodium injection tank to a target temperature under a controlled temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a high-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device, wherein the experimental device further comprises a thermal infrared imager and an infrared observation window,
the thermal infrared imager is positioned at the outer side of the infrared observation window and is used for monitoring the combustion temperature of the sodium combustion reaction;
the infrared observation window is arranged on the outer wall of the glove box and used for providing an observation window for the thermal infrared imager.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a high temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental apparatus, wherein the experimental apparatus further comprises a visual observation window disposed on an outer wall of the glove box for providing an observation window for normal operation and visual observation inside the glove box.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a high temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental apparatus, wherein the experimental apparatus further comprises a pressure gauge for monitoring the pressure in the glove box in real time.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a high-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device, wherein all interfaces of the experimental device adopt welding or threaded connection sealing measures.
The experimental device for the high-temperature sodium combustion reaction has the beneficial effect that the experimental device for the high-temperature sodium combustion reaction can be better used for experimental research of the high-temperature sodium combustion reaction.
The experimental device can be used for carrying out the experiment of burning the high-temperature sodium and the high-temperature cotton in the environment such as the atmosphere, can control the amount and the temperature of the sprayed sodium, can control the oxygen content in the atmosphere in the burning environment, can monitor the burning temperature in the reaction process, can collect products such as aerosol generated in the reaction process, and can collect the aerosol products after the reaction, thereby being capable of easily realizing the functional requirements of temperature detection, environment oxygen content control, combustion phenomenon observation, reaction product collection and the like. Therefore, the experimental device disclosed by the invention is indispensable experimental equipment for developing compatibility research of the heat-insulating cotton and the high-temperature sodium, and can provide reliable data support and use basis for the application of the heat-insulating cotton in the fast reactor field.
The beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in that:
(1) aiming at the problem of sodium heating of the injection tank, the experimental device is provided with the injection tank heating wire, the thermocouple and the temperature controller, so that accurate temperature control heating is realized;
(2) aiming at the high sealing requirement of the injection tank, the experimental device provided by the invention adopts sealing measures such as welding, threaded connection and the like for all interfaces;
(3) aiming at the dangerous problems that liquid metal sodium is easy to oxidize at high temperature, the combustion temperature is high, a large amount of aerosol can be generated and the like, the experimental device provided by the invention is used for carrying out experimental operation by relying on a glove box with high sealing performance;
(4) aiming at the problem of monitoring the sodium injection amount, the experimental device realizes detection by using an electronic balance in a glove box;
(5) aiming at the problem of temperature monitoring during combustion of sodium and heat-preservation cotton, the experimental device can realize detection through an infrared thermal imager;
(6) aiming at the problems of heating and heat preservation of heat preservation cotton and quantitative sodium heating and combustion, the experimental device can be realized by placing a heating plate in a glove box for heating;
(7) aiming at the problem of gas supply in the combustion process of sodium and heat-preservation cotton, the experimental device can realize the supply of air or oxygen with a specific proportion and the like by connecting a gas path system of the glove box;
(8) aiming at the problem of aerosol collection in the combustion process of sodium and heat-preservation cotton, the experimental device can be realized by communicating an air extracting pump with an aerosol collecting container in a glove box;
(9) aiming at the problem of gas collection in the combustion process of sodium and heat-preservation cotton, the experimental device can be realized by connecting an air extracting pump with a glove box gas collecting pipeline;
(10) aiming at the problem of aerosol collection after sodium combustion reaction, the experimental device can be realized by placing a collection container in a glove box for collection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the components of a first exemplary experimental apparatus for a high temperature sodium combustion reaction according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a second exemplary experimental apparatus for high-temperature sodium combustion reaction according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first exemplary high-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental device of the present invention has a composition structure as shown in fig. 1, and includes a sodium injection tank 1, a sodium injection tube, a thermocouple 2, a temperature control heater 3, a sodium inlet 4, a gas inlet 5, a sealed glove box 6, an infrared observation window 7, an infrared thermal imager 8, a balance 9 (an electronic balance), a heating plate 10, a reaction container 11 (made of stainless steel) filled with heat insulation cotton, a power supply 12, an aerosol collection container 13, an aerosol collection container 14, a visual observation window 15, a gas collection pipeline, a gas collection port 16, an aerosol collection pipeline, an aerosol collection port 17, a gas collection bag 18, an air pump 19, and a pressure gauge 20.
The reaction container 11, the heating plate 10, the balance 9, the aerosol collecting container 13 and the aerosol collecting container 14 are arranged in the glove box 6.
Oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the reaction vessel 11 through a gas inlet 5 formed in the outer wall of the glove box 6, and sodium is introduced into the reaction vessel 11 through a sodium inlet 4 formed in the outer wall of the glove box 6, so that a high-temperature sodium combustion reaction is realized in the reaction vessel 11.
Sodium stored in the sodium injection pot 1 provided outside the glove box 6 is introduced into the reaction vessel 11 through a sodium injection pipe passing through the sodium introduction port 4. The thermocouple 2 is used to measure the temperature of the sodium in the sodium injection tank 1. The temperature control heater 3 is used for heating the sodium in the sodium injection tank 1 to a target temperature under controlled temperature.
The heating plate 10 is powered by a power source 12 to heat the reaction vessel 11.
The balance 9 is used to weigh the total weight of the substance in the reaction vessel 11 and thereby monitor the sodium ejection amount.
The aerosol collection container 13 is used for collecting aerosol settled in the glove box 6 in the sodium combustion reaction.
The aerosol collection container 14 is used to collect floating aerosols generated in the sodium combustion reaction.
The aerosol collecting pipeline passes through an aerosol collecting port 17 formed in the outer wall of the glove box 6, and two ends of the aerosol collecting pipeline are respectively connected with the aerosol collecting container 14 and an air pump 19 outside the glove box 6.
The gas collecting pipeline passes through a gas collecting port 16 formed in the outer wall of the glove box 6, and both ends of the gas collecting pipeline are respectively connected with a gas space in the glove box 6 and an air pump 19 outside the glove box 6.
The air pump 19 is used for quantitatively collecting the aerosol in the glove box 6 into the aerosol collecting container 14 by air extraction in the sodium combustion reaction, or is used for air extracting the gas in the glove box 6 through a gas collecting pipeline to supply air to a gas collecting bag 18 outside the glove box 6.
The thermal infrared imager 8 is positioned at the outer side of the infrared observation window 7 and is used for monitoring the combustion temperature of the sodium combustion reaction. The infrared observation window 7 is arranged on the outer wall of the glove box 6 and used for providing an observation window for the thermal infrared imager 8. A visual observation window 15 provided on the outer wall of the glove box 6 is used to provide an observation window for normal operation and visual observation inside the glove box 6. The pressure gauge 20 is used to monitor the pressure inside the glove box 6 in real time.
In addition, all interfaces of the experimental device adopt sealing measures of welding or threaded connection.
The exemplary method of operation of the exemplary high temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental apparatus of the present invention described above includes the steps of:
1) the sodium injection tank 1 is connected and fixed from a sodium inlet 4 of a glove box 6;
2) a balance 9, a heating plate 10, a reaction container 11, an aerosol collecting container 13 and an aerosol collecting container 14 are arranged in the glove box 6;
3) connecting a heating plate 10 with a power supply 12, connecting an interface of an aerosol collection container 14 with a suction pump 19, connecting an interface of the suction pump 19 with a gas collection pipeline and a gas collection bag 18, and connecting supply gas with a gas inlet 5;
4) setting a heating target value 505 ℃ of the sodium injection tank 1, and starting heating;
5) placing a stainless steel reaction container 11 containing heat preservation cotton on a heating plate 10 in a glove box 6, setting a heating target value 505 ℃ of the heating plate 10, and starting the heating plate 10 for heating;
6) the sodium injection tank 1 and the stainless steel reaction container 11 reach the target temperature, the balance 9 is started, all the interfaces of the glove box 6 are sealed, the gas access port 5 is opened, and pure oxygen is introduced;
7) opening a valve of a sodium injection tank 1, injecting a proper amount of nuclear sodium into a stainless steel reaction container 11, and recording the amount of the sodium;
8) starting the thermal infrared imager 8, and recording the combustion reaction temperature change of the sodium and the heat preservation cotton;
9) after sodium burns for 2 minutes, the air pump 19 is started to quantitatively collect the aerosol collection container 14;
10) after the sodium is completely combusted and sintered, opening the observation window glass of the glove box 6 after the aerosol is completely settled, taking out the aerosol collecting container 13 and the stainless steel reaction container 11, and collecting reaction products to be analyzed.
The second exemplary high-temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental apparatus of the present invention is shown in fig. 2, and includes a sodium inlet 4, a gas inlet 5, a sealed glove box 6, an infrared observation window 7, a thermal infrared imager 8, a balance 9 (an electronic balance), a heating plate 10, a reaction container 11 (made of stainless steel) filled with heat insulation cotton and sodium, a power supply 12, an aerosol collection container 13, an aerosol collection container 14, a visual observation window 15, a gas collection pipeline, a gas collection port 16, an aerosol collection pipeline, an aerosol collection port 17, a gas collection bag 18, an air pump 19, and a pressure gauge 20.
The reaction container 11, the heating plate 10, the balance 9, the aerosol collecting container 13 and the aerosol collecting container 14 are arranged in the glove box 6.
Oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the reaction vessel 11 through a gas inlet 5 formed in the outer wall of the glove box 6.
The heating plate 10 is powered by a power source 12 to heat the reaction vessel 11.
The balance 9 is used to weigh the total weight of the substance in the reaction vessel 11 and thereby monitor the sodium ejection amount.
The aerosol collection container 13 is used for collecting aerosol settled in the glove box 6 in the sodium combustion reaction.
The aerosol collection container 14 is used to collect floating aerosols generated in the sodium combustion reaction.
The aerosol collecting pipeline passes through an aerosol collecting port 17 formed in the outer wall of the glove box 6, and two ends of the aerosol collecting pipeline are respectively connected with the aerosol collecting container 14 and an air pump 19 outside the glove box 6.
The gas collecting pipeline passes through a gas collecting port 16 formed in the outer wall of the glove box 6, and both ends of the gas collecting pipeline are respectively connected with a gas space in the glove box 6 and an air pump 19 outside the glove box 6.
The air pump 19 is used for quantitatively collecting the aerosol in the glove box 6 into the aerosol collecting container 14 by air extraction in the sodium combustion reaction, or is used for air extracting the gas in the glove box 6 through a gas collecting pipeline to supply air to a gas collecting bag 18 outside the glove box 6.
The thermal infrared imager 8 is positioned at the outer side of the infrared observation window 7 and is used for monitoring the combustion temperature of the sodium combustion reaction. The infrared observation window 7 is arranged on the outer wall of the glove box 6 and used for providing an observation window for the thermal infrared imager 8. A visual observation window 15 provided on the outer wall of the glove box 6 is used to provide an observation window for normal operation and visual observation inside the glove box 6. The pressure gauge 20 is used to monitor the pressure inside the glove box 6 in real time.
In addition, all interfaces of the experimental device adopt sealing measures of welding or threaded connection.
The first exemplary operation method of the above exemplary high temperature sodium combustion reaction experiment apparatus of the present invention includes the steps of:
1) the sodium inlet 4 of the glove box 6 is sealed;
2) a balance 9, a heating plate 10, a reaction container 11, an aerosol collecting container 13 and an aerosol collecting container 14 are arranged in the glove box 6;
3) connecting a heating plate 10 with a power supply 12, connecting an interface of an aerosol collection container 14 with a suction pump 19, connecting an interface of the suction pump 19 with a gas collection pipeline and a gas collection bag 18, and connecting supply gas with a gas inlet 5;
4) placing a stainless steel reaction container 11 containing 50g of quantitative nuclear grade solid sodium and heat preservation cotton on a heating plate 10 in a glove box 6, setting a heating target value of the heating plate 10 to be 250 ℃, and starting the heating plate 10 to heat;
5) sealing each interface of the glove box 6, opening the gas access port 5 and introducing air;
6) after sodium in the stainless steel reaction vessel 11 starts to burn, starting the thermal infrared imager 8, and recording the combustion reaction temperature change of the sodium and the heat preservation cotton;
7) after sodium burns for 2 minutes, the air pump 19 is started to quantitatively collect the aerosol collection container 14;
8) after the sodium is completely combusted and sintered, opening the observation window glass of the glove box 6 after the aerosol is completely settled, taking out the aerosol collecting container 13 and the stainless steel reaction container 11, and collecting reaction products to be analyzed.
The second exemplary operation method of the above exemplary high temperature sodium combustion reaction experiment apparatus of the present invention includes the steps of:
1) a balance 9, a heating plate 10, a reaction container 11, an aerosol collecting container 13 and an aerosol collecting container 14 are arranged in the glove box 6;
2) connecting a heating plate 10 with a power supply 12, connecting an interface of an aerosol collection container 14 with a suction pump 19, connecting an interface of the suction pump 19 with a gas collection pipeline and a gas collection bag 18, and connecting supply gas with a gas inlet 5;
3) placing a stainless steel reaction container 11 containing 50g of quantitative nuclear grade solid sodium and heat preservation cotton on a heating plate 10 in a glove box 6;
4) 5% O was continuously introduced into the glove box 6 through the gas inlet 5 at a flow rate of 1L/min230 minutes after-95% Ar (v/v), the gas introduction was stopped, and the sodium inlet 4 of the glove box 6 was closed;
5) setting a heating target value of 300 ℃ for the heating plate 10, and starting the heating plate 10 for heating;
6) after sodium in the stainless steel reaction vessel 11 starts to burn, starting the thermal infrared imager 8, and recording the combustion reaction temperature change of the sodium and the heat preservation cotton;
7) after sodium burns for 2 minutes, the air pump 19 is started to quantitatively collect the aerosol collection container 14;
8) after the sodium is completely combusted and sintered, opening the observation window glass of the glove box 6 after the aerosol is completely settled, taking out the aerosol collecting container 13 and the stainless steel reaction container 11, and collecting reaction products to be analyzed.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The foregoing examples or embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature sodium combustion reaction experimental apparatus which characterized in that: the experimental device comprises a sealed glove box, a gas access port, a reaction container, a sodium introducing port, a heating plate, a power supply, a balance, an aerosol collecting container, an aerosol collecting pipeline, an aerosol collecting port, an air pump, a gas collecting pipeline, a gas collecting port and a gas collecting bag,
the reaction container, the heating plate, the balance, the aerosol collecting container and the aerosol collecting container are arranged in the glove box;
introducing oxygen-containing gas into the reaction vessel through the gas inlet formed in the outer wall of the glove box, and introducing sodium into the reaction vessel through the sodium inlet formed in the outer wall of the glove box, so as to realize a high-temperature sodium combustion reaction in the reaction vessel;
the heating plate realizes the heating of the reaction container under the power supply of the power supply;
the balance is used for weighing the total weight of the substances in the reaction container so as to monitor the sodium spraying amount;
the aerosol collecting container is used for collecting aerosol settled in the glove box in the sodium combustion reaction;
the aerosol collecting container is used for collecting aerosol floating in the glove box in the sodium combustion reaction;
the aerosol collecting pipeline penetrates through the aerosol collecting port formed in the outer wall of the glove box, and two ends of the aerosol collecting pipeline are respectively connected with the aerosol collecting container and the air pump outside the glove box;
the gas collecting pipeline penetrates through the gas collecting port formed in the outer wall of the glove box, and two ends of the gas collecting pipeline are respectively connected with the gas space in the glove box and the air pump outside the glove box;
the air pump is used for quantitatively collecting the aerosol in the glove box to the aerosol collecting container through air extraction in the sodium combustion reaction or used for pumping the air in the glove box to the air collecting bag outside the glove box through the air collecting pipeline,
all interfaces of the experimental device adopt sealing measures of welding or threaded connection.
2. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the balance is an electronic balance.
3. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the oxygen-containing gas is air or a mixed gas of oxygen and inert gas.
4. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the experimental device also comprises a sodium injection tank and a sodium injection pipe, wherein sodium stored in the sodium injection tank arranged outside the glove box is introduced into the reaction vessel through the sodium injection pipe penetrating through the sodium introducing port.
5. The assay device of claim 4, wherein: the experimental device also comprises a thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the sodium in the sodium injection tank.
6. The assay device of claim 4, wherein: the experimental device also comprises a temperature control heater for controlling the temperature to heat the sodium in the sodium injection tank to a target temperature.
7. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the experimental device also comprises an infrared thermal imager and an infrared observation window,
the thermal infrared imager is positioned at the outer side of the infrared observation window and is used for monitoring the combustion temperature of the sodium combustion reaction;
the infrared observation window is arranged on the outer wall of the glove box and used for providing an observation window for the thermal infrared imager.
8. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the experimental device also comprises a visual observation window arranged on the outer wall of the glove box and used for providing an observation window for the conventional operation and the visual observation in the glove box.
9. The assay device of claim 1, wherein: the experimental device also comprises a pressure gauge for monitoring the pressure in the glove box in real time.
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