CN112129229A - Quasi-distributed displacement measuring device and method based on photoelectric oscillator - Google Patents
Quasi-distributed displacement measuring device and method based on photoelectric oscillator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a quasi-distributed displacement measurement device and method based on a photoelectric oscillator, which can be applied to the field of multipoint displacement measurement. The invention realizes the selection of different sensing positions by the wavelength division multiplexing technology; the mutual reference structure of the two photoelectric oscillators is realized by a polarization multiplexing technology. After a specific sensing position is selected by a wavelength division multiplexing technology, two photoelectric oscillators with the same structure are formed by utilizing a polarization multiplexing technology, wherein one photoelectric oscillator is a reference photoelectric oscillator, and the other photoelectric oscillator is a measurement photoelectric oscillator. The two photoelectric oscillators share the long optical fiber delay module through the polarization multiplexing technology to form a mutual reference structure. And (3) carrying out frequency discrimination on the microwave signals generated by the two photoelectric oscillators to obtain the frequency change of the microwave signals in the measuring photoelectric oscillators caused by the displacement so as to form a frequency demodulation mode of the displacement. The wavelength of a tunable laser module in the photoelectric oscillator is tuned and measured, and the sensing positions are sequentially selected, so that quasi-distributed measurement is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of multipoint displacement measurement, and particularly relates to a quasi-distributed displacement measurement device and method based on a photoelectric oscillator.
Background
With the development of science and technology in recent years, scientific research and production construction have brought more and more urgent demands on large-scale and high-precision distance measurement, such as: monitoring production, assembly and operation of large equipment and components; researching the earth gravitational field; the requirements of the fields of space exploration, navigation and the like in China.
The traditional optical measuring methods for the distance and the related parameters thereof comprise six methods, namely a light intensity measuring method, a triangulation method, a confocal measuring method, a Doppler measuring method, a time flight method and an optical phase drying method. The light intensity measuring method generally comprises a light source and a detector, and has the problems of simple structure, low cost and influence on measuring accuracy due to multi-target reflection interference. Triangulation, which typically includes a light source and photodetector array, has the advantage of low cost, but its measurement capability is affected by the density of the photodetector array. The measurement distance of the confocal measurement method is usually only a few millimeters, and the long-distance measurement cannot be satisfied. The doppler measurement method cannot measure the distance of the object to be measured. The time-of-flight method is usually implemented based on light pulses, and can measure the distance and the speed of a target at the same time, but the measurement resolution and the test accuracy are low. The optical phase dry method is a method for precisely measuring distance, and adopts optical wave phase interference for distance measurement. The above six methods for optically measuring distances and related parameters have serious challenges in measuring the displacement of a target at a long distance in real time and with high precision, and especially in the field of multipoint displacement measurement, the above measurement schemes cannot provide corresponding technical support.
At present, the distance measurement with wide range and high precision is realized based on a photoelectric oscillator. The method is based on the principle of accumulation amplification, and adopts the idea of measuring after amplifying the physical quantity to be measured and the low resolution to realize high-precision measurement. Distance measurement based on optoelectronic oscillators has two technical difficulties: firstly, because the target to be measured is positioned in the feedback loop, the measurement precision of the system can be reduced due to the influence of environmental factors such as temperature and the like on the feedback loop; secondly, due to the accumulation amplification principle, the frequency of the photoelectric oscillator needs to be improved to improve the measurement precision, so that the frequency of the photoelectric oscillator is usually dozens of GHz, and the difficulty and the cost of demodulation are increased by measuring the frequency of a dozens of GHz microwave signals in real time; thirdly, the measurement of the multi-target distance and the displacement is difficult to realize. Therefore, the influence of environmental factors such as temperature on the distance and the measurement result of the related parameters thereof and the frequency of the oscillation signal of the oscillator are high, the measurement difficulty is high, the demodulation cost is high, the difficulty is high, the measurement precision is low, and the realization of multi-target distance and displacement measurement is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the influence of external factors such as temperature on a measurement result is difficult to eliminate, the demodulation difficulty cost is high, the demodulation difficulty is high, the measurement precision is low, and the multi-target distance and displacement measurement is difficult to realize in the prior art, and provides a quasi-distributed displacement measurement device and method based on a photoelectric oscillator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the quasi-distributed displacement measuring device based on the photoelectric oscillator comprises a reference photoelectric oscillator, a measuring photoelectric oscillator, a frequency discrimination module, a frequency counting module, a frequency spectrum measuring module and a signal processing module, wherein microwave signals output by the reference photoelectric oscillator are divided into two paths, the microwave signals output by one path of the reference photoelectric oscillator and the microwave signals output by the measuring photoelectric oscillator are simultaneously input into the frequency discrimination module, and the microwave signals output by the other path of the reference photoelectric oscillator are input into the frequency spectrum measuring module; after the frequency discrimination module outputs the intermediate frequency signal, the intermediate frequency signal is input into the frequency counting module, and the frequency counting module and the frequency spectrum measuring module output information to the signal processing module, wherein:
the reference photoelectric oscillator is used for eliminating the influence of external factors including temperature on the distance and the measurement result of the related parameters thereof;
the measurement photoelectric oscillator is used for comparing with the reference photoelectric oscillator to obtain a value to be measured;
the frequency discrimination module is used for carrying out frequency discrimination on the microwave signal from the reference photoelectric oscillator and the microwave signal from the measurement photoelectric oscillator;
the frequency counting module is used for measuring the real-time frequency of the intermediate frequency signal output by the frequency discrimination module;
the frequency spectrum measuring module is used for obtaining the frequency interval between the oscillation signal of the reference photoelectric oscillator and the adjacent mode;
the signal processing module is used for calculating the frequency spectrum information of the microwave signal from the frequency spectrum measuring module and the real-time frequency of the intermediate frequency signal measured by the frequency counting module through a formula to obtain the distance and related parameters thereof;
the invention uses a reference photoelectric oscillator and a measuring photoelectric oscillator, the initial oscillation frequencies of the two photoelectric oscillators are the same, the initial loop time delays of the two photoelectric oscillators are equal, the initial frequency difference of the two photoelectric oscillators is zero, and the influence of environmental factors such as temperature on the output frequencies of the two photoelectric oscillators is the same, so that the measuring result is not influenced by the environmental factors such as temperature; the demodulation signal is the microwave signal frequency difference of the two photoelectric oscillators, the microwave signal frequency difference is far smaller than the oscillation signal of the oscillators, the measurement difficulty is small, and the demodulation cost is low.
Further, the reference optoelectronic oscillator includes a laser source module, an optical coupling module, an electro-optical modulation module 1, a polarization control module 1, a polarization beam combining module 01, a delay measurement module, a polarization beam combining module 02, a photoelectric detection module 1, a microwave amplification module 1, a microwave filtering module 1, and a microwave coupling module 1, wherein:
a laser source module, tunable, for generating an optical signal of continuously varying output wavelength;
the optical coupling module is used for dividing one beam of optical signal from the laser source module into two beams of optical signals, wherein one beam of optical signal is transmitted to the electro-optical modulation module 1, and the other beam of optical signal is transmitted to the electro-optical modulation module 2;
the electro-optical modulation module 1 is used for modulating the optical signal input to the electro-optical modulation module 1 from the optical coupling module;
the polarization control module 1 is used for controlling the polarization direction of an optical signal input to the S port of the input port of the polarization beam combining module 01 to be the same as the main shaft of the S port;
the polarization beam combining module 01 is used for combining an optical signal input from an input port S and an optical signal input from an input port P, the polarization beam combining module 01 is provided with two input ports S and P, and the polarization directions of the main axes of the two input ports are mutually vertical;
the delay measuring module is used for selecting a measuring position and enabling the time delay of the two photoelectric oscillators to be the same;
the polarization beam combining module 02 is used for splitting the synthesized optical signal into two optical signals with mutually vertical polarization directions, wherein one optical signal enters the photoelectric detection module 1 through an output port S port, and the other optical signal enters the photoelectric detection module 2 in the measurement photoelectric oscillator through an output port P port;
the photoelectric detection module 1 is used for converting an optical signal from an output port S of the polarization beam combining module 02 into a microwave signal;
the microwave amplification module 1 is used for amplifying the microwave signal from the photoelectric detection module 1;
the microwave filtering module 1 is used for filtering the microwave signal from the microwave amplifying module 1;
the microwave coupling module 1 is used for dividing the microwave signal from the microwave filtering module 1 into three beams, one beam is fed back to the electro-optical modulation module 1, the other beam is output to the frequency discrimination module, and the other beam is output to the frequency spectrum measurement module;
the laser source module is tunable, and different displacement measurement positions are selected by tuning the wavelength of the optical signal to realize multi-target distance and displacement measurement;
the tail fiber of the optical coupling module is a polarization maintaining fiber, so that the polarization direction of an optical signal input into the electro-optical modulation module 1 is ensured to be the same as the main shaft of the optical signal, and the polarization loss is reduced;
further, the measurement optoelectronic oscillator includes a laser source module, an optical coupling module, an electro-optic modulation module 2, a polarization control module 2, a polarization beam combining module 01, a delay measurement module, a polarization beam combining module 02, a photoelectric detection module 2, a microwave amplification module 2, a microwave filtering module 2, and a microwave coupling module 2, wherein:
a laser source module, tunable, for generating an optical signal of continuously varying output wavelength;
the optical coupling module is used for dividing one beam of optical signal from the laser source module into two beams of optical signals, wherein one beam of optical signal is transmitted to the electro-optical modulation module 1, and the other beam of optical signal is transmitted to the electro-optical modulation module 2;
the electro-optical modulation module 2 is used for modulating the optical signal input to the electro-optical modulation module 2 from the optical coupling module;
the polarization control module 2 is used for controlling the polarization direction of the optical signal input to the P port of the input port of the polarization beam combining module 01 to be the same as the main shaft of the P port;
the polarization beam combining module 01 is used for combining an optical signal input from an input port P and an optical signal input from an input port S, the polarization beam combining module 01 is provided with two input ports S and P and an output port C, the polarization directions of the main axes of the two input ports are mutually vertical, and the polarization beam combining module 01 is output to the optical fiber delay module 1 through the output port C;
the delay measuring module is used for selecting a measuring position and enabling the time delay of the two photoelectric oscillators to be the same;
the polarization beam combining module 02 is used for splitting an optical signal from an input port C port of the polarization beam combining module 02 into two optical signals with mutually vertical polarization directions, wherein one optical signal enters the photoelectric detection module 1 of the reference photoelectric oscillator through an output port S port, and the other optical signal enters the photoelectric detection module 2 through an output port P port;
the photoelectric detection module 2 is used for converting an optical signal from an output port P of the polarization beam combining module 02 into a microwave signal;
the microwave amplification module 2 is used for amplifying the microwave signal from the photoelectric detection module 2;
the microwave filtering module 2 is used for filtering the microwave signal from the microwave amplifying module 2;
the microwave coupling module 2 is used for dividing the microwave signal from the microwave filtering module 2 into two beams, one beam is fed back to the electro-optical modulation module 2, and the other beam is output to the frequency discrimination module;
the laser source module is tunable, and different displacement measurement positions are selected by tuning the wavelength of the optical signal to realize multi-target distance and displacement measurement;
the tail fiber of the optical coupling module is a polarization maintaining fiber, so that the polarization direction of light input into the electro-optical modulation module 2 is ensured to be the same as the main shaft of the electro-optical modulation module, and the polarization loss is reduced;
further, the delay measurement module includes an optical fiber delay module and a displacement measurement position, the optical fiber delay module has n +1, the displacement measurement position has n, n is a natural number, the above n +1 optical fiber delay modules are alternately connected with the n displacement measurement positions, the n +1 optical fiber delay module transmits the optical signal into the input port C port of the polarization beam combining module 02, wherein:
the optical fiber delay module is used for providing an energy storage medium for the reference photoelectric oscillator and the measurement photoelectric oscillator;
and when the wavelength of the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber delay module 1 is consistent with the working wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexing module in the displacement measurement position, selecting the displacement measurement position.
A selected displacement measurement location for providing a measurement location;
the other unselected displacement measurement positions are taken as an optical fiber delay module;
further, taking the displacement measurement position 1 as an example, the structures of the other displacement measurement positions are the same as the displacement measurement position 1; the displacement measurement position 1 comprises a wavelength division multiplexing module 11, a polarization beam combining module 11, a reference light delay module 1, a polarization control module 11, a displacement sensing module 1, a polarization control module 12, a polarization beam combining module 12 and a wavelength division multiplexing module 12, wherein:
the wavelength division multiplexing module 11 is configured to input the optical signal from the optical fiber delay module to the polarization beam combining module 11 through an input port C of the polarization beam combining module 11;
the polarization beam combining module 11 is configured to divide an optical signal from an input port C of the polarization beam combining module 11 into two beams, where one beam is input to the reference light delay module 1 through an output port S, and the other beam is input to the displacement sensing module 1 through an output port P;
the reference light delay module 1 is used for ensuring that the initial feedback loop time delays of the two photoelectric oscillators are the same;
the polarization control module 11 is configured to control a polarization direction of an optical signal input to the S port of the input port of the polarization beam combining module 12 to be the same as a main axis of the S port;
the displacement sensing module 1 is used for converting the measured displacement and the real-time distance into optical delay variation of an optoelectronic feedback loop in the optoelectronic oscillator;
the polarization control module 12 is configured to control a polarization direction of an optical signal input to the P port of the input port of the polarization beam combining module 12 to be the same as a main axis of the P port;
the polarization beam combining module 12 is configured to combine an optical signal input from an input port P of the polarization beam combining module 12 and an optical signal input from an input port S of the polarization beam combining module 12, where the polarization beam combining module 12 has two input ports S and P, and an output port C, the polarization directions of the two input ports are perpendicular to each other, and the polarization beam combining module 12 outputs the optical signal to the wavelength division multiplexing module 12 through the output port C;
the wavelength division multiplexing module 12 inputs the optical signal from the port C of the output port of the polarization beam combining module 12 into the next optical fiber delay module;
the structure of the rest displacement measurement positions is the same as that of the displacement measurement position 1;
the reference optical delay module 1 is used for ensuring that the initial feedback loop delays of the two photoelectric oscillators are the same and eliminating the influence of the loop delays on the measurement result;
the invention also provides a quasi-distributed displacement measurement method based on the photoelectric oscillator, which comprises the following steps:
A. in the reference photoelectric oscillator, a laser source module can be tuned to generate an optical signal of which the output wavelength is continuously changed and input the optical signal into an optical coupling module, the optical coupling module divides the optical signal into two beams, wherein one optical signal is input into an electro-optical modulation module 2 of the measurement photoelectric oscillator, and the other optical signal is input into an electro-optical modulation module 1; an optical signal input into an electro-optical modulation module 1 is modulated by a microwave signal in the electro-optical modulation module 1, the optical signal modulated by the microwave signal is input into an input port S port of a polarization beam combining module 01 through a polarization control module 1, the polarization beam combining module 01 combines the optical signals from the input port S port and an input port P port, the combined optical signal is output to an optical fiber delay module 1 through an output port C port of the polarization beam combining module 01, the optical fiber delay module 1 transmits the optical signal to a displacement measurement position, the wavelength division multiplexing module of each displacement measurement position has different working wavelengths, when the wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexing module in the displacement measurement position is the same as that of the optical signal transmitted to the displacement measurement position, the displacement measurement position is selected as a measurement position, the rest displacement measurement positions are equivalent to an optical fiber delay module, the optical signal output by the optical fiber delay module 1 passes through the wavelength division multiplexing module in the selected displacement measurement position, the optical signal is divided into two beams by the polarization beam combination module through an input port C of the polarization beam combination module, wherein one beam of optical signal is transmitted into the reference light delay module through an output port S of the polarization beam combination module, and the other beam of optical signal is transmitted into the displacement sensing module through an output port P of the polarization beam combination module; the optical signal transmitted into the reference light delay module is transmitted into the polarization beam combining module through an input port S of the polarization beam combining module after passing through the polarization control module, and the optical signal transmitted into the displacement sensing module is transmitted into the polarization beam combining module through an input port P of the polarization beam combining module after passing through the displacement sensing module; the polarization beam combining module combines optical signals from an input port S port and an input port P port and transmits the combined optical signals to the wavelength division multiplexing module through an input port C port of the polarization beam combining module, the optical signals transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing module pass through the optical fiber delay module and an unselected displacement measurement position and then pass through the input port C port of the polarization beam combining module 02 through the optical fiber delay module, the polarization beam combining module 02 divides the optical signals from the input port C port into two beams, one of the optical signals is transmitted to the photoelectric detection module 2 of the photoelectric oscillator to be measured through the output port P port of the polarization beam combining module 02, and the other optical signal is transmitted to the photoelectric detection module 1 through the output port S port of the polarization beam combining module 02; the photoelectric detection module 1 converts the received optical signal into a microwave signal, then the microwave signal is amplified by the microwave amplification module 1 and filtered by the microwave filtering module 1, the filtered microwave signal is divided into two beams by the microwave coupling module 1, wherein one beam of the microwave signal is transmitted to the frequency discrimination module, and the other beam of the microwave signal is transmitted to the electro-optical modulation module 1 to form a photoelectric feedback loop of the reference photoelectric oscillator;
B. in the measurement photoelectric oscillator, a laser source module can be tuned to generate an optical signal of which the output wavelength is continuously changed within a certain range and input the optical signal into an optical coupling module, the optical coupling module divides the optical signal into two beams, wherein one optical signal is input into an electro-optical modulation module 1 of a reference photoelectric oscillator, and the other optical signal is input into an electro-optical modulation module 2; an optical signal input into the electro-optical modulation module 2 is modulated by a microwave signal in the electro-optical modulation module 2, the optical signal modulated by the microwave signal is input into an input port P port of a polarization beam combining module 01 through the polarization control module 2, the polarization beam combining module 01 combines the optical signals from the input port S port and the input port P port, the combined optical signal is output to the optical fiber delay module 1 through an output port C port of the polarization beam combining module 01, the optical fiber delay module 1 transmits the optical signal to a displacement measurement position, the wavelength division multiplexing modules of each displacement measurement position have different working wavelengths, when the wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexing module in the displacement measurement position is the same as that of the optical signal transmitted to the displacement measurement position, the displacement measurement position is selected as a measurement position, the rest displacement measurement positions are equivalent to an optical fiber delay module, the optical signal output by the optical fiber delay module 1 passes through the wavelength division multiplexing module in the selected displacement measurement position, the optical signal is divided into two beams by the polarization beam combination module through an input port C of the polarization beam combination module, wherein one beam of optical signal is transmitted into the reference light delay module through an output port S of the polarization beam combination module, and the other beam of optical signal is transmitted into the displacement sensing module through an output port P of the polarization beam combination module; the optical signal transmitted into the reference light delay module is transmitted into the polarization beam combining module through an input port S of the polarization beam combining module after passing through the polarization control module, and the optical signal transmitted into the displacement sensing module is transmitted into the polarization beam combining module through an input port P of the polarization beam combining module after passing through the displacement sensing module; the polarization beam combining module combines optical signals from an input port S port and an input port P port and transmits the combined optical signals to the wavelength division multiplexing module through an input port C port of the polarization beam combining module, the optical signals transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing module pass through the optical fiber delay module and an unselected displacement measurement position, then pass through an optical fiber delay module n +1 and then pass through an input port C port of the polarization beam combining module 02, the polarization beam combining module 02 divides the optical signals from the input port C port into two beams, one of the optical signals is transmitted to the photoelectric detection module 1 of the reference photoelectric oscillator through an output port S port of the polarization beam combining module 02, and the other optical signal is transmitted to the photoelectric detection module 2 through an output port P port of the polarization beam combining module 02; the photoelectric detection module 2 converts the received optical signal into a microwave signal, then the microwave signal is amplified by the microwave amplification module 2 and filtered by the microwave filtering module 2, the filtered microwave signal is divided into two beams by the microwave coupling module 2, wherein one beam of the microwave signal is transmitted to the frequency discrimination module, and the other beam of the microwave signal is transmitted to the electro-optical modulation module 2 to form a photoelectric feedback loop for measuring the photoelectric oscillator;
in the step A and the step B, the optical coupling module adjusts the polarization direction of an optical signal generated by the laser source module to be respectively the same as the main shafts of the electro-optical modulation module 1 and the electro-optical modulation module 2, so that the polarization loss is reduced to the minimum; meanwhile, the structure can avoid the coherence phenomenon of the optical signals output by the electro-optical modulation module 1 and the electro-optical modulation module 2;
C. carrying out frequency discrimination on the beam of microwave signals transmitted to the frequency discrimination module in the step A and the beam of microwave signals transmitted to the frequency discrimination module in the step B in the frequency discrimination module, obtaining an intermediate frequency signal after frequency discrimination by the frequency discrimination module, inputting the intermediate frequency signal into a frequency counting module by the frequency discrimination module, obtaining the real-time frequency of the intermediate frequency signal by the frequency counting module, and enabling the real-time frequency f of the intermediate frequency signal to be equal to the real-time frequency f of the intermediate frequency signalIFOutputting to a signal processing module; the frequency spectrum measuring module obtains the oscillation frequency f of the reference photoelectric oscillator through the path of microwave signal transmitted to the frequency spectrum measuring module in the step A1And the frequency spacing f between adjacent modes of a reference opto-electronic oscillatorFSRThen transmitted into a signal processing module, and the signal processing module obtains the real-time frequency f of the intermediate frequency signal according to the frequencyIFReference frequency f of the photoelectric oscillator1Frequency interval f between adjacent modes of reference optoelectronic oscillatorFSRAnd calculating to obtain the initial distance, the displacement and the real-time distance of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module.
The intermediate frequency signal output by the frequency discrimination module is only influenced by the displacement in the displacement sensing module 1, and the signal processing module demodulates by using an electronic technology, so that the demodulation speed is improved;
the reference photoelectric oscillator and the measurement photoelectric oscillator have the same structure. The lengths of feedback loops of the two photoelectric oscillators are the same, and the fiber delay module and the displacement measurement position which are hundreds of meters to kilometers long are shared by the two photoelectric oscillators; the reference light delay module 1 is used for ensuring that the initial feedback loop delays of the two photoelectric oscillators are the same; the microwave filtering module 1 and the microwave filtering module 2 are both band-pass microwave filters, and key indexes such as central frequency, 3dB bandwidth and the like are the same. Because the two photoelectric oscillators have the same structure and the initial oscillation frequencies of the two photoelectric oscillators are the same, the key indexes of the central frequency, the bandwidth and the like of the microwave filtering module 1 and the microwave filtering module 2 are the same; therefore, the influence of environmental factors such as temperature on the oscillation frequencies of the two photoelectric oscillators is the same, so that the influence of the environmental factors such as temperature on the measurement result is eliminated.
Further, the step C includes that the frequency spectrum measuring module measures the frequency spectrum of the microwave signal transmitted by the microwave coupling module 1 in the reference optoelectronic oscillator, and transmits the frequency spectrum information to the signal processing module to obtain the loop delay τ of the reference optoelectronic oscillator0Initial loop length L0And the initial distance L' of the target to be measured of the displacement sensing module in the displacement measurement position; loop delay tau0＝1/fFSRLoop length L0＝(cτ0) And/n, wherein the initial distance L' of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module is L ═ L0(ii) a Wherein c represents the propagation speed of light in vacuum, and n represents the refractive index;
further, the step C includes that the signal processing module determines the displacement Δ L of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module, the relationship between the displacement Δ L of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module and the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal output by the frequency discrimination module through the real-time frequency of the intermediate frequency signal measured by the frequency counting module; the displacement Δ L ═ L of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module0fIF/f1The relationship between the displacement of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module and the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal output by the frequency discrimination module is
Wherein c represents the propagation speed of light in vacuum, and n represents the refractive index;
the invention realizes quasi-distributed displacement measurement based on the wavelength division multiplexing technology; the polarization multiplexing technology is utilized to enable the two photoelectric oscillators to share the long photoelectric transmission link, and the mutual reference structure is realized to eliminate the influence of external factors such as temperature on the displacement measurement result. And the high-precision displacement measurement is realized by adopting a low-phase-noise high-frequency microwave signal generated by a photoelectric oscillator. The frequency difference of the microwave signals of the two photoelectric oscillators is used as displacement demodulation quantity, so that the measurement speed is improved, and the demodulation cost is reduced. Finally, the displacement measurement based on the photoelectric oscillator, insensitive to temperature, quasi-distributed, high in measurement speed and high in measurement precision is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quasi-distributed displacement measurement device based on a photoelectric oscillator;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a displacement measuring position 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the displacement measuring position 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a displacement measurement position n;
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quasi-distributed displacement measuring device based on a photoelectric oscillator according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes a reference optoelectronic oscillator, a measurement optoelectronic oscillator, a frequency discrimination module, a frequency counting module, a spectrum measurement module and a signal processing module; the reference photoelectric oscillator comprises a laser source module, an optical coupling module, an electro-optic modulation module 1, a polarization control module 1, a polarization beam combination module 01, an optical fiber delay module 1, n +1 optical fiber delay modules, n displacement measurement positions, a polarization beam combination module 02, a photoelectric detection module 1, a microwave amplification module 1, a microwave filtering module 1 and a microwave coupling module 1; the measurement photoelectric oscillator comprises a laser source module, an optical coupling module, an electro-optic modulation module 2, a polarization control module 2, a polarization beam combination module 01, an optical fiber delay module 1, n +1 optical fiber delay modules, n displacement measurement positions, a polarization beam combination module 02, a photoelectric detection module 2, a microwave amplification module 2, a microwave filtering module 2 and a microwave coupling module 2.
In the embodiment, a laser generates an optical signal, the optical signal is input into two electro-optical modulators through a 3dB optical coupler, and the optical signal modulated by the electro-optical modulators passes through a polarization controller and is input into a polarization beam combiner; the polarization beam combiner continuously transmits the combined optical signals to a common single-mode optical fiber with the length of a few kilometers, and then transmits the combined optical signals to the polarization beam combiner through a wavelength division multiplexer in a displacement measurement position, the polarization beam combiner splits the optical signals, one beam of the split optical signals is transmitted to an optical delay line, and the other beam of the split optical signals is transmitted to a displacement sensor; the optical signal transmitted into the optical delay line is continuously transmitted into one polarization controller, the optical signal transmitted into the displacement sensor is continuously transmitted into the other polarization controller, the polarization beam combiner combines the optical signals transmitted into the two polarization controllers, the combined optical signal is transmitted into a single-mode optical fiber through a wavelength division multiplexer, the optical signal transmitted through the single-mode optical fiber passes through the polarization beam combiner, the polarization beam combiner divides the transmitted optical signal into beams and transmits the beams to a photoelectric detector, and the photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into a microwave signal; the microwave signal is amplified by a radio frequency/microwave broadband low noise amplifier, filtered by a microwave band-pass filter and passes through a microwave/radio frequency coupler, the microwave/radio frequency coupler divides the microwave signal into two paths, one path of the microwave signal is output to a broadband double-balanced mixer, the other path of the microwave signal is fed back to an electro-optical modulator, and finally, an electro-optical feedback loop of two electric oscillators is formed; a microwave/radio frequency coupler of a reference photoelectric oscillator divides a microwave signal into three paths, one path of the microwave signal is output to an electro-optic modulator, the other path of the microwave signal is output to a broadband double-balanced mixer, and the other path of the microwave signal is output to a frequency spectrum measurer; the broadband double-balanced mixer inputs the intermediate frequency signal into the frequency counter, the frequency counter transmits the real-time intermediate frequency signal frequency to the DSP, and the frequency spectrum measurer transmits the frequency spectrum information to the DSP.
The frequency spectrum measurer measures the frequency spectrum display of microwave signal coupled out from microwave/RF coupler in reference photoelectric oscillator and has oscillation frequency f1Frequency spacing between adjacent modesIs fFSRThen the loop delay is tau0＝1/fFSRLoop length of L0＝(cτ0) N, the initial distance of the object to be measured is L ═ L0(ii) a Where c represents the propagation speed of light in vacuum and n represents the refractive index.
Suppose that the frequency counter measures the real-time frequency f of the intermediate frequency signal output from the wideband double balanced mixerIFIf the target displacement is Δ L ═ L, then the displacement measurement module will measure the target displacement0fIF/f1The relationship between the displacement of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module and the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal output by the frequency discrimination module is
Wherein L is0Indicating the loop length, f1Denotes the oscillation frequency of the spectrum display of the reference optoelectronic oscillator, c denotes the propagation speed of light in vacuum, and n denotes the refractive index.
And the DSP digital signal processor calculates the real-time distance L ═ L' + delta L of the target to be measured according to the obtained initial distance of the target to be measured and the displacement of the target to be measured.
Fig. 2 to 4 are schematic views of the displacement measuring position of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the displacement measurement position includes a wavelength division multiplexing module, a polarization beam combining module, a reference light delay module, a polarization control module, a displacement sensing module, a polarization control module, a polarization beam combining module, and a wavelength division multiplexing module.
In this embodiment, a single-mode fiber transmits an optical signal to a wavelength division multiplexer, the wavelength division multiplexer at each displacement measurement position has a different working wavelength, when the wavelength of the transmitted optical signal is consistent with the working wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer, the wavelength division multiplexer transmits the optical signal to an input port C of a polarization beam combiner, the polarization beam combiner divides the optical signal into two beams, one of the optical signals is transmitted to an optical delay line through an output port S of the polarization beam combiner, and the optical delay line is transmitted to an input port S of the polarization beam combiner through a polarization controller; the other beam of optical signal is transmitted into a displacement sensor through an output port P port of the polarization beam combiner, and the displacement sensor is transmitted into an input port P port of the polarization beam combiner through the polarization controller; the polarization beam combiner combines the optical signal of the input port S and the optical signal of the input port P into one beam and transmits the beam to the wavelength division multiplexer through an output port C of the polarization beam combiner; when the wavelength of the transmitted optical signal is not consistent with the working wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer, the single mode optical fiber transmits the optical signal into the wavelength division multiplexer, and the wavelength division multiplexer transmits the optical signal into the next wavelength division multiplexer; the wavelength division multiplexer then transmits the optical signal to a single mode optical fiber.
Claims (9)
1. Quasi-distributed displacement measurement device based on optoelectronic oscillator, its characterized in that: the microwave signal output by the reference photoelectric oscillator and the microwave signal output by the measuring photoelectric oscillator are simultaneously input into the frequency discrimination module, and the other microwave signal is input into the frequency spectrum measurement module; after the frequency discrimination module outputs the intermediate frequency signal, the intermediate frequency signal is input into the frequency counting module, and the frequency counting module and the frequency spectrum measuring module output information to the signal processing module.
2. The optoelectronic oscillator-based quasi-distributed displacement measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the reference photoelectric oscillator comprises a laser source module, an optical coupling module, an electro-optic modulation module 1, a polarization control module 1, a polarization beam combining module 01, a delay measurement module, a polarization beam combining module 02, a photoelectric detection module 1, a microwave amplification module 1, a microwave filtering module 1 and a microwave coupling module 1, wherein the polarization beam combining module 01 is provided with two input ports S, P and one output port C, and the polarization beam combining module 02 is provided with one input port C, two output ports S and P; the laser module generates a light with a wavelength λ1The optical signal is input into the optical coupling module, the optical coupling module divides the optical signal into two beams, wherein one beam of optical signal is input into the electro-optical modulation module 1, and the other beam of optical signal is input into the electro-optical modulation module 2 of the measuring photoelectric oscillator; the optical signal input into the electro-optical modulation module 1 is modulated by the microwave signal in the electro-optical modulation module 1; meridian microAn optical signal modulated by a wave signal is transmitted to a polarization control module 1, the polarization control module 1 is transmitted to an input port S port of a polarization beam combining module 01, then the optical signal of the polarization beam combining module 01 is transmitted into a delay measurement module through an output port C port of the polarization beam combining module 01, the delay measurement module transmits the optical signal into an input port C port of a polarization beam combining module 02, the optical signal is transmitted into a photoelectric detection module 1 through an output port S port of the polarization beam combining module 02, the photoelectric detection module 1 converts the optical signal into a microwave signal, the microwave signal is amplified by a microwave amplification module 1, then is filtered by a microwave filtering module 1, and passes through a microwave coupling module 1, the microwave coupling module 1 divides the microwave signal into two beams, one beam is transmitted into a frequency discrimination module, and the other beam is fed back to the photoelectric modulation module 1 to form a photoelectric feedback loop of a reference photoelectric oscillator.
3. The optoelectronic oscillator-based quasi-distributed displacement measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the measurement photoelectric oscillator comprises a laser source module, an optical coupling module, an electro-optic modulation module 2, a polarization control module 2, a polarization beam combination module 01, a delay measurement module, a polarization beam combination module 02, a photoelectric detection module 2, a microwave amplification module 2, a microwave filtering module 2 and a microwave coupling module 2, wherein the polarization beam combination module 01 is provided with two input ports S, P and an output port C, and the polarization beam combination module 02 is provided with an input port C, two output ports S and P; the laser module generates a light with a wavelength λ1The optical signal is input into the optical coupling module, the optical coupling module divides the optical signal into two beams, wherein one beam of optical signal is input into the electro-optical modulation module 1 of the measuring photoelectric oscillator, and the other beam of optical signal is input into the electro-optical modulation module 2; the optical signal input into the electro-optical modulation module 2 is modulated by the microwave signal in the electro-optical modulation module 2; the optical signal modulated by the microwave signal is transmitted to the polarization control module 2, the polarization control module 2 is transmitted to the input port P port of the polarization beam combining module 01, then the optical signal of the polarization beam combining module 01 is transmitted to the delay measuring module through the output port C port of the polarization beam combining module 01, and the delay measuring module transmits the optical signal to the input port C port of the polarization beam combining module 02 and then passes through the polarization beam combining moduleAn output port P port of the beam combining module 02 transmits an optical signal into the photoelectric detection module 2, the photoelectric detection module 2 converts the optical signal into a microwave signal, the microwave signal is amplified by the microwave amplification module 2 and then filtered by the microwave filtering module 2, and the microwave coupling module 2 divides the microwave signal into two beams, one beam is transmitted into the frequency discrimination module, and the other beam is fed back to the photoelectric modulation module 1 to form a photoelectric feedback loop of the reference photoelectric oscillator.
4. The optoelectronic oscillator-based quasi-distributed displacement measurement device of claim 2 or 3, wherein: the delay measurement module comprises n +1 optical fiber delay modules and n displacement measurement positions, wherein n is a natural number, the n +1 optical fiber delay modules are alternately connected with the n displacement measurement positions, and the n +1 optical fiber delay modules transmit optical signals to an input port C of the polarization beam combining module 02.
5. The optoelectronic oscillator-based quasi-distributed displacement measurement device of claim 2 or 3, wherein: the displacement measurement position 1 comprises a wavelength division multiplexing module 11, a polarization beam combination module 11, a reference light delay module 1, a polarization control module 11, a displacement sensing module 1, a polarization control module 12, a polarization beam combination module 12 and a wavelength division multiplexing module 12, the polarization beam combination module 11 is provided with an input port C, two output ports S and a P port, the polarization beam combination module 12 is provided with two input ports S, P and one output port C, the optical fiber delay module transmits the optical signal into the wavelength division multiplexing module 11, the wavelength division multiplexing module 11 transmits the optical signal into an input port C of the polarization beam combination module 11, the polarization beam combination module 11 divides the optical signal into two beams, one of the optical signals is transmitted into the reference light delay module 1 through an output port S of the polarization beam combining module 11, and the reference light delay module 1 is transmitted into an input port S of the polarization beam combining module 12 through the polarization control module 11; the other beam of optical signal is transmitted into the displacement sensing module 1 through an output port P port of the polarization beam combining module 11, and the displacement sensing module 1 is transmitted into an input port P port of the polarization beam combining module 12 through the polarization control module 12; the polarization beam combining module 12 combines the optical signal of the input port S and the optical signal of the input port P into one beam, and transmits the beam to the wavelength division multiplexing module 12 through the output port C of the polarization beam combining module 12, and the wavelength division multiplexing module 12 transmits the optical signal to the next optical fiber delay module, and the structure and the connection mode of the displacement measurement position are the same.
6. The quasi-distributed displacement measurement method based on the photoelectric oscillator is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. in the reference photoelectric oscillator, a laser source module can be tuned to generate an optical signal of which the output wavelength is continuously changed and input the optical signal into an optical coupling module, the optical coupling module divides the optical signal into two beams, wherein one optical signal is input into an electro-optical modulation module 2 of the measurement photoelectric oscillator, and the other optical signal is input into an electro-optical modulation module 1; an optical signal input into an electro-optical modulation module 1 is modulated by a microwave signal in the electro-optical modulation module 1, the optical signal modulated by the microwave signal is input into an input port S port of a polarization beam combining module 01 through a polarization control module 1, the polarization beam combining module 01 combines the optical signals from the input port S port and an input port P port, the combined optical signal is output to an optical fiber delay module 1 through an output port C port of the polarization beam combining module 01, the optical fiber delay module 1 transmits the optical signal to a displacement measurement position, the wavelength division multiplexing module of each displacement measurement position has different working wavelengths, when the wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexing module in the displacement measurement position is the same as that of the optical signal transmitted to the displacement measurement position, the displacement measurement position is selected as a measurement position, the rest displacement measurement positions are equivalent to an optical fiber delay module, the optical signal output by the optical fiber delay module 1 passes through the wavelength division multiplexing module in the selected displacement measurement position, the optical signal is divided into two beams by the polarization beam combination module through an input port C of the polarization beam combination module, wherein one beam of optical signal is transmitted into the reference light delay module through an output port S of the polarization beam combination module, and the other beam of optical signal is transmitted into the displacement sensing module through an output port P of the polarization beam combination module; the optical signal transmitted into the reference light delay module is transmitted into the polarization beam combining module through an input port S of the polarization beam combining module after passing through the polarization control module, and the optical signal transmitted into the displacement sensing module is transmitted into the polarization beam combining module through an input port P of the polarization beam combining module after passing through the displacement sensing module; the polarization beam combining module combines optical signals from an input port S port and an input port P port and transmits the combined optical signals to the wavelength division multiplexing module through an input port C port of the polarization beam combining module, the optical signals transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing module pass through the rest optical fiber delay modules and unselected displacement measurement positions and then pass through an input port C port of the polarization beam combining module 02 through one optical fiber delay module, the polarization beam combining module 02 divides the optical signals from the input port C port into two beams, one of the optical signals is transmitted to the photoelectric detection module 2 of the photoelectric oscillator through an output port P port of the polarization beam combining module 02, and the other optical signal is transmitted to the photoelectric detection module 1 through an output port S port of the polarization beam combining module 02; the photoelectric detection module 1 converts the received optical signal into a microwave signal, then the microwave signal is amplified by the microwave amplification module 1 and filtered by the microwave filtering module 1, the filtered microwave signal is divided into two beams by the microwave coupling module 1, wherein one beam of the microwave signal is transmitted to the frequency discrimination module, and the other beam of the microwave signal is transmitted to the electro-optical modulation module 1 to form a photoelectric feedback loop of the reference photoelectric oscillator;
B. in the measurement photoelectric oscillator, a laser source module can be tuned to generate an optical signal of which the output wavelength is continuously changed within a certain range and input the optical signal into an optical coupling module, the optical coupling module divides the optical signal into two beams, wherein one optical signal is input into an electro-optical modulation module 1 of a reference photoelectric oscillator, and the other optical signal is input into an electro-optical modulation module 2; an optical signal input into the electro-optical modulation module 2 is modulated by a microwave signal in the electro-optical modulation module 2, the optical signal modulated by the microwave signal is input into an input port P port of a polarization beam combining module 01 through the polarization control module 2, the polarization beam combining module 01 combines the optical signals from the input port S port and the input port P port, the combined optical signal is output to the optical fiber delay module 1 through an output port C port of the polarization beam combining module 01, the optical fiber delay module 1 transmits the optical signal to a displacement measurement position, the wavelength division multiplexing modules of each displacement measurement position have different working wavelengths, when the wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexing module in the displacement measurement position is the same as that of the optical signal transmitted to the displacement measurement position, the displacement measurement position is selected as a measurement position, the rest displacement measurement positions are equivalent to an optical fiber delay module, the optical signal output by the optical fiber delay module 1 passes through the wavelength division multiplexing module in the selected displacement measurement position, the optical signal is divided into two beams by the polarization beam combination module through an input port C of the polarization beam combination module, wherein one beam of optical signal is transmitted into the reference light delay module through an output port S of the polarization beam combination module, and the other beam of optical signal is transmitted into the displacement sensing module through an output port P of the polarization beam combination module; the optical signal transmitted into the reference light delay module is transmitted into the polarization beam combining module through an input port S of the polarization beam combining module after passing through the polarization control module, and the optical signal transmitted into the displacement sensing module is transmitted into the polarization beam combining module through an input port P of the polarization beam combining module after passing through the displacement sensing module; the polarization beam combining module combines optical signals from an input port S port and an input port P port and transmits the combined optical signals to the wavelength division multiplexing module through an input port C port of the polarization beam combining module, the optical signals transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing module pass through the optical fiber delay module and an unselected displacement measurement position, then pass through an optical fiber delay module n +1 and then pass through an input port C port of the polarization beam combining module 02, the polarization beam combining module 02 divides the optical signals from the input port C port into two beams, one of the optical signals is transmitted to the photoelectric detection module 1 of the reference photoelectric oscillator through an output port S port of the polarization beam combining module 02, and the other optical signal is transmitted to the photoelectric detection module 2 through an output port P port of the polarization beam combining module 02; the photoelectric detection module 2 converts the received optical signal into a microwave signal, then the microwave signal is amplified by the microwave amplification module 2 and filtered by the microwave filtering module 2, the filtered microwave signal is divided into two beams by the microwave coupling module 2, wherein one beam of the microwave signal is transmitted to the frequency discrimination module, and the other beam of the microwave signal is transmitted to the electro-optical modulation module 2 to form a photoelectric feedback loop for measuring the photoelectric oscillator;
C. carrying out frequency discrimination on the beam of microwave signals transmitted to the frequency discrimination module in the step A and the beam of microwave signals transmitted to the frequency discrimination module in the step B in the frequency discrimination module, obtaining an intermediate frequency signal after frequency discrimination by the frequency discrimination module, and inputting the intermediate frequency signal into a frequency meter digital-analog module by the frequency discrimination moduleIn a block, a frequency counting module obtains a real-time frequency f of an intermediate frequency signal and compares the real-time frequency f of the intermediate frequency signalIFOutputting to a signal processing module; the frequency spectrum measuring module obtains the oscillation frequency f of the reference photoelectric oscillator through the path of microwave signal transmitted to the frequency spectrum measuring module in the step A1And the frequency spacing f between adjacent modes of a reference opto-electronic oscillatorFSRThen transmitted into a signal processing module, and the signal processing module obtains the real-time frequency f of the intermediate frequency signal according to the frequencyIFReference frequency f of the photoelectric oscillator1Frequency interval f between adjacent modes of reference optoelectronic oscillatorFSRAnd calculating to obtain the initial distance, the displacement and the real-time distance of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module.
7. The quasi-distributed displacement measurement method based on the optoelectronic oscillator according to claim 6, wherein: in step a, when the wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexing module in the displacement measurement position is different from the wavelength of the optical signal transmitted to the displacement measurement position, the optical signal transmitted to the displacement measurement position passes through the wavelength division multiplexing module in the displacement measurement position and then is transmitted to the next wavelength division multiplexing module, and then the optical signal is transmitted to the next optical fiber delay module.
8. The quasi-distributed displacement measurement method based on the optoelectronic oscillator according to claim 6, wherein: step C comprises the steps that the frequency spectrum measuring module measures the frequency spectrum of the microwave signal transmitted by the microwave coupling module 1 in the reference photoelectric oscillator, and transmits frequency spectrum information into the signal processing module to obtain the loop delay tau of the reference photoelectric oscillator0Initial loop length L0And the initial distance L' of the target to be measured of the displacement sensing module in the displacement measurement position; loop delay tau0＝1/fFSRLoop length L0＝(cτ0) And/n, wherein the initial distance L' of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module is L ═ L0(ii) a Where c represents the propagation speed of light in vacuum and n represents the refractive index.
9. According to claim7 or 8, the quasi-distributed displacement measurement method based on the photoelectric oscillator is characterized in that: the signal processing module determines the displacement delta L of the target to be measured in the displacement measuring module, the displacement delta L of the target to be measured in the displacement measuring module and the relation between the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal output by the frequency discrimination module through the real-time frequency of the intermediate frequency signal measured by the frequency counting module; the displacement Δ L ═ L of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module0fIF/f1The relationship between the displacement of the target to be measured in the displacement measurement module and the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal output by the frequency discrimination module is
Where c represents the propagation speed of light in vacuum and n represents the refractive index.
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