CN112128782A

CN112128782A - Waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln

Info

Publication number: CN112128782A
Application number: CN202011068239.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨松
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-10-08
Filing date: 2020-10-08
Publication date: 2020-12-25

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln. The method is characterized in that: comprises a waste gas turbocharging system, a pyrolysis gas combustor and a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln; the exhaust gas turbocharging system comprises an exhaust gas turbine, a planetary speed increaser, a gas compression turbine, a steam jet pump and an expansion tank, wherein the exhaust gas turbine drives the gas compression turbine through the planetary speed increaser; the pyrolysis gas burner comprises an emptying valve, a secondary air volute, a servo motor, an air delivery pipe, an air bag assembly and a cyclone disc; the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln comprises a combustion chamber and a temperature adjusting chamber, wherein the combustion chamber and the temperature adjusting chamber are arranged in series.

Description

Waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

Background

Waste tires are common solid waste pollutants, people recycle the waste tires through a plurality of ways to realize harmless treatment, wherein the preparation of fuel oil and carbon black through pyrolysis of the waste tires is one of the solutions, and pyrolysis gas of one of byproducts of the preparation of the fuel oil and the carbon black through pyrolysis of the waste tires is good gas fuel and can provide heat energy required by pyrolysis reaction of the waste tires. The Chinese invention patent (patent application number 200610114090.2, with the name of a method for continuously pyrolyzing waste tires by using a gas furnace) discloses a method for continuously pyrolyzing waste tires by using a gas furnace, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) cleaning and airing the waste tire, and then simply cutting the waste tire in the radial direction; the common trolley tire does not need to be cut; (2) putting the waste tire treated in the step (1) into a pyrolysis container (303), and adding a catalyst into the pyrolysis container (303) at the same time; the pyrolysis container (303) is placed on a push plate (103) and pushed into a furnace body (105) through a feeding sealed cabin (102) by a hydraulic pushing device (101); (3) the hearth (302) is sealed by sealed cabins (102, 106) at two ends and is kept in a micro-negative pressure state, a pyrolysis container (303) moves on a roller rod (104) under the pushing of a subsequent push plate along with the placed push plate, and is pushed out of the discharging sealed cabin (106) by a hydraulic pushing device (101) after being preheated by a preheating section (201), pyrolyzed by a pyrolyzing section (202) and cooled by a cooling section (203), wherein the preheating temperature of the preheating section (201) is 80-250 ℃, the pyrolyzing temperature of the pyrolyzing section (202) is 250-550 ℃, and the cooling temperature of the cooling section (203) is 550-100 ℃; the pyrolysis time, namely the retention time, is 1-4 hours; (4) an air inducing device at the top of the kiln at the pyrolysis section pumps out gaseous products generated by pyrolysis, liquid and gaseous products are obtained through a condenser, the liquid is mixed fuel oil, oil products such as fractionated gasoline and diesel oil can be continuously processed, and non-condensable gaseous products are returned to the kiln to be combusted to serve as heat sources; (5) the residual pyrolytic carbon residue in the pyrolysis container after pyrolysis is discharged after the temperature is reduced to below 100 ℃ through a cooling section, and the pyrolytic carbon residue can be used for preparing carbon black filler or activated to prepare activated carbon. The Chinese invention patent (patent application number 201310387596.0, the patent name is a waste tire cracking gas recycling device) discloses a waste tire cracking gas recycling device, which is characterized in that: including firing burning furnace, pyrolysis furnace, connecting pipe, be connected with gas collection device and gas purifier behind the pyrolysis furnace, its characterized in that: the gas collecting device comprises a gas storage tank and a buffer tank, wherein a gas inlet of the gas storage tank is connected with the cracking furnace, and a gas outlet of the gas storage tank is connected with an external discharge device and a gas purifying device through a tee joint; the back of the gas purification device is connected with a full-pressure fan and a buffer tank; the gas outlet of the buffer tank is connected with the combustion furnace; the fuel gas recycling device also comprises an electronic control device arranged in the full-pressure fan of the gas storage tank and the buffer tank; the electronic control device comprises a PLC controller and a touch pad input device; the PLC is connected with the gas liquid level measuring meter, the pressure detecting meter and the electromagnetic control valve; the fuel gas liquid level measuring meter is one of a servo liquid level meter, a radar liquid level meter or a double-flange liquid level meter; the buffer tank is a constant-pressure buffer tank, and a fuel gas liquid level gauge and a pressure gauge are arranged in the constant-pressure buffer tank; a low-pressure alarm device is arranged on the constant-pressure buffer tank; the gas purification device comprises a desulfurization device and a dust removal and dehumidification device; the desulfurization device is a desulfurization tower adopting wet desulfurization, and lime slurry in the desulfurization tower is used as a desulfurizing agent for desulfurization.

In the prior art, a technical scheme that a non-condensable gaseous product (pyrolysis gas) obtained by pyrolyzing waste tires is returned to a kiln to be combusted to serve as a heat source is provided, but details of a pyrolysis gas combustion device are not disclosed; in the second prior art, a pyrolysis gas collecting device obtained by pyrolyzing waste tires is provided, which comprises a gas storage tank and a buffer tank, and details of a pyrolysis gas combustion device are not disclosed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, which is characterized in that: comprises a waste gas turbocharging system, a pyrolysis gas combustor and a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

The exhaust gas turbocharging system comprises an exhaust gas turbine, a planetary speed increaser, a gas compression turbine, a steam jet pump and an expansion tank, wherein the exhaust gas turbine drives the gas compression turbine through the planetary speed increaser.

The waste gas turbine comprises a waste gas inlet shell, an air inlet cone, a movable vane wheel cooling steam component, a stationary blade grid, a movable vane wheel, a rotor component, a transition shell, a movable vane shroud band, an outlet shell and a bearing box, wherein the air inlet cone is made into a quadratic parabola shape and mainly used for guiding waste gas to uniformly distribute and flow to the stationary blade grid and the movable vane wheel, the movable vane wheel cooling steam component is designed in the hollow air inlet cone, the cooling steam radially enters the air inlet cone and then is turned into axial direction to be sprayed to the movable vane wheel, the stationary vane grid is fastened at the end part of the air inlet cone through an embedding sleeve, the inclination angle of the central line of a flow passage of the stationary vane grid is 16-18 degrees, a cantilever of the movable vane wheel is arranged at the shaft end of the rotor component, the rotor component is in a double-fulcrum cantilever type installation form in the bearing box, bamboo leaf-shaped movable vanes are arranged on the rim of the movable vane, the provided circumferential component force continuously pushes the movable impeller to continuously rotate, mechanical work is output to the compressor turbine through the rotor assembly via the planetary speed increaser, and a waste gas channel is formed by the waste gas inlet shell, the gas inlet cone, the transition shell, the movable impeller shroud and the outlet shell.

The air compression turbine comprises an air inlet channel, an air compression turbine, a diffuser and an outlet of an air compression volute, wherein a surge working condition area is arranged on the left side of a stable working condition area of the air compression turbine, when the air flow introduced from the air inlet channel is lower than a surge boundary, the air flow in the area is strongly pulsed and periodically vibrates, the air compression turbine vibrates violently, the dynamic stress of the air compression turbine is greatly increased, the noise is increased, a blockage working condition area is arranged on the right side of the stable working condition area of the air compression turbine, the air flow speed on the narrowest section of a blade channel of the air compression turbine and the diffuser reaches. The waste gas turbine is large in change range of waste gas inlet flow due to the influence of the enthalpy value of pyrolysis gas, the change range of the rotating speed output by the rotor assembly is also large, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in a stable working condition area, the performance curve of the gas turbine can be designed according to the inlet flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, namely, the waste gas turbine is driven by the planetary speed increaser, the rotating speed of the gas turbine is improved, the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if a combustor needs small-flow air, a venting method can be adopted, namely, a flow sensor and an anti-surge venting valve are connected to the outlet of the gas compression volute, the venting valve is driven by a servo motor, the flow sensor transmits signals to the servo motor, and part of flowing air.

The steam jet pump comprises a nozzle, a mixing chamber and a diffuser pipe, wherein steam flows from an outlet of the nozzle to the mixing chamber between inlets of the diffuser pipe, a negative pressure area is formed due to high-speed steam flow, so that exhaust gas of an exhaust gas turbine is ejected, the ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber to be mixed with working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe in a speed reduction manner and then is discharged, the compression stage of the mixed fluid is that two fluids in the diffuser pipe are compressed gradually while energy exchange is continued, kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump, so that the steam jet pump can adjust different pressure mixed fluids according to the requirements of mixed gas of a pyrolysis gas combustor and cold source gas of a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the mixed fluids are collected and sent into an expansion tank, one path of inert tail gas conveyed by the expansion tank can be directly used as mixed gas of the pyrolysis gas combustor, the other path of the condensed gas is used as cold source gas for the gas-decomposing combustion kiln.

The pyrolysis gas burner comprises an emptying valve, a secondary air volute, a servo motor, a wind delivery pipe, an air bag assembly and a cyclone disk, wherein the emptying valve comprises an auxiliary air chamber, a main air chamber, a valve rod assembly and a circular arc valve plate, the auxiliary air chamber is a bypass branch of the main air chamber, the circular arc valve plate covers a through flow passage of the auxiliary air chamber when closed, the servo motor drives the circular arc valve plate to rotate through the valve rod assembly when started, the circular arc valve plate reduces the through flow area of the main air chamber while enlarging the through flow area of the auxiliary air chamber, and partial air delivered by a compression turbine is emptied through the auxiliary air chamber, therefore, the air quantity required by premixing of the air delivery pipe is obtained through adjustment of the emptying valve, the air bag assembly is coaxial with the air delivery pipe, the pyrolysis gas is sprayed out through the air bag assembly and mixed with the air, then uniform mixing is achieved through strong rotating disturbance of the spiral flow disk, and inert tail gas output by the expansion tank is diffused through the secondary air volute body to be fully mixed with the pyrolysis gas and the air.

The pyrolysis gas combustion kiln comprises a combustion chamber and a temperature adjusting chamber, the combustion chamber and the temperature adjusting chamber are arranged in series, the combustion chamber comprises an ignition rod, a burner, a furnace shell, a flame stabilizing wall, a gas distribution wall and a nozzle, the flame stabilizing wall is built by refractory bricks, a heat storage function is realized for keeping the temperature level of a hearth, pyrolysis gas is continuously and stably combusted, meanwhile, the shape of flame is set, local uneven cold and heat caused by flame spread along the inner wall of the furnace shell from the burner is avoided, the gas distribution wall is built into a grid by the refractory bricks, the temperature field of the combustion chamber is kept stable as heat storage filler, flame is continuously and stably combusted, the flow field distribution of the combustion chamber is also uniform, the pressure ratio of the furnace shell and the nozzle is increased by adjusting the aperture ratio and the thickness of the gas distribution wall, and the pressure ratio of the pyrolysis gas.

The temperature adjusting chamber comprises a cold source inlet, a throat pipe and a diffusion pipe, according to the working principle of a jet pump, high-temperature flue gas which expands rapidly after pyrolysis gas combustion is taken as a pressure working carrier and is sprayed into the throat pipe through a nozzle, inert tail gas of the cold source is sucked from the cold source inlet, the inert tail gas can be uniformly mixed with the high-temperature flue gas and then is sent into the diffusion pipe through the throat pipe, the cold source inlet is designed into a volute shape, the on-way resistance of the inert tail gas is reduced, the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln can obtain higher pressure ratio and flow ratio, and the high-efficiency area can work.

The inventor finds that the tire consists of an outer tire, an inner tire and a cushion belt, the outer tire consists of three main parts, namely a tire body, a tire tread and a tire bead, the tire body is formed by attaching a plurality of layers of rubberized cord fabrics according to a certain angle, and the cord fabrics are usually made of high-strength steel wires and synthetic fiber rubberized fabrics; the tread contacts with the ground and is made of heat-resistant and shear-resistant rubber materials; the tyre bead is used for tightly fixing the tyre on a wheel rim, and mainly comprises a steel wire ring, triangular filling rubber and steel wire ring wrapping cloth. The pneumatic tire can be classified into a car tire, a truck tire, an agricultural tire, an engineering tire, a special vehicle tire, an aircraft tire, a motorcycle tire and a bicycle tire according to the application of the pneumatic tire, and the recycled waste tire is generally a car tire, a truck tire, an agricultural tire, a motorcycle tire and a bicycle tire, and the structure of the waste tire is generally an oblique tire and a radial tire. The recovered waste tires are used for building fillers, highway fillers, regenerated rubber preparation, fuel oil and carbon black preparation by pyrolysis and the like.

The inventor finds that pyrolysis of waste tires mainly aims at recycling pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis carbon to further prepare products such as fuel oil and carbon black, and the pyrolysis gas is uneconomical if being used as a main product, because the yield of the pyrolysis gas is improved and a higher pyrolysis temperature (550-600 ℃) is needed to break pyrolysis oil chain hydrocarbon with a larger molecular weight to generate pyrolysis gas mainly containing methane, ethane, ethylene, propylene and other components with a smaller molecular weight, and the higher pyrolysis temperature causes a part of energy to be wasted on a damaged molecular chain, so that the pyrolysis gas generated by degrading the pyrolysis oil is flammable and explosive and is not easy to store and transport; in order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the pyrolysis reaction furnace and meet the requirements of mechanical processing, Q345R steel is selected as a furnace body material, the allowable stress requirement of the Q345R steel at high temperature is considered, namely the steel is used at the temperature of not more than 475 ℃, the comprehensive consideration of the factors is taken, the pyrolysis process temperature of the waste tires is designed to be 350-400 ℃, the heat source for pyrolyzing the waste tires is high-temperature flue gas generated by recycling pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis gas is non-condensable combustible gas after pyrolysis oil is condensed at normal temperature, and the low-grade heat value is 17-54 MJ/Nm³. Due to the requirements of heat transfer efficiency and heat transfer temperature difference, the temperature of flue gas from the outlet of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln to the jacket of the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the inlet of the rotary rake roller is controlled to be 550-560 ℃, the temperature of flue gas after heat exchange of the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the rotary rake roller is 410-420 ℃, and the average temperature difference of heat transfer is 140 ℃, so that the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln can regulate and control the temperature of high-temperature flue gas generated by pyrolysis gas combustion, a cold source is required to be introduced to be mixed with the high-temperature flue gas, and the temperature required by a pyrolysis process is achieved by regulating the component ratio of.

The inventor finds that high-temperature flue gas generated by pyrolysis gas combustion of a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln provides a heat source for pyrolysis of waste tires, a burner is a key device of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the glue content of the waste tires is greatly different, the heat value of the pyrolysis gas of the waste tires is greatly different, and the range of the low-level heat value of the pyrolysis gas is 17-54 MJ/Nm³Therefore, the range of adjusting the heat load output by the burner is also large, and in order to ensure the necessary heat intensity of the hearth, the burner needs to realize continuous and stable combustion and has oneStable flame with fixed shape and length without extinguishing, NO backfire and fire dropping, small excess air coefficient, and reduced NO_XThe design requirements of pollutant emission and the like are met, so that the advantages of premixing type and diffusion type are absorbed, the primary air intake adopts air and fuel gas premixing type, the secondary air intake increases the oxygen content of the inert tail gas adjusting combustion air, and in a word, the premixing type and the diffusion type are serially connected to adjust the mixing ratio of the pyrolysis gas, the air and the inert tail gas through the secondary air intake to meet the design requirements.

The inventor finds that in the waste tire pyrolysis process, the requirements of material balance, water (steam) balance and energy balance and the total targets of saving energy, reducing emission and recycling, the oxygen content of the exhaust gas after the high-temperature flue gas output by the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is subjected to heat exchange through the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the rotary rake roller is reduced to be less than 3%, the temperature is 410-420 ℃, the pressure bearing of the rotary rake roller under the dynamic seal high-temperature working condition is limited, and the designed absolute pressure is not more than 105kPa, so that the pressure index of the exhaust gas is lower than the pressure requirements of a secondary air inlet of a combustor and a cold source at an inlet of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln of 112-118 kPa, and the exhaust gas cannot be directly recycled. According to the operating principle of turbocharging, considering that the pressure of the discharged waste gas is low, selecting an axial air inlet and vertical upward exhaust mode with small pressure loss at the air inlet end, and using a cantilever type rotor structure, the discharged waste gas is expanded through a static blade grid and a movable blade wheel to do work, the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy for rotating the movable blade wheel, the movable blade wheel drives a planetary speed increaser to drive the air turbine, the air turbine pumps the air to pressurize and enter a combustor, a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced, but the absolute pressure of an inlet of the discharged waste gas is 105kPa, an outlet of the discharged waste gas is directly communicated with a chimney, namely, the backpressure of a waste gas turbine is 101 kPa, the pressure difference of the inlet and the outlet is not enough to overcome the pressure loss of a flow passage of the static blade grid and the movable blade wheel to cause the rotation, the outlet pressure of the discharged waste gas is reduced to 50-55 kPa, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the waste gas turbine reaches 52-57 kPa, and the movable impeller can work reliably. The steam source of the steam jet pump is saturated steam generated by condensation of pyrolysis oil, the pressure is 0.35-0.4 MPa, the exhaust gas and steam mixed gas at the outlet of the steam jet pump are sent to an expansion tank, non-condensable gas in the expansion tank is inert tail gas, the inert tail gas has three purposes, one of the inert tail gas serves as a cold source for adjusting the temperature of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the other inert tail gas serves as an air source for adjusting the coefficient of excess air of a pyrolysis gas combustor, and the third inert tail gas serves as inert protective gas required by purging of a middle-section bell jar storage bin.

The inventor finds that the temperature of pyrolysis oil produced by a waste tire pyrolysis reaction furnace is 350-400 ℃, the pyrolysis oil needs to be condensed and fractionated and then is utilized, the condensation is generally realized through a dividing wall type heat exchanger, a cold source generally selects cooling water, the cooling water absorbs heat energy and converts the heat energy into steam, the steam with different qualities generated by multistage condensation is utilized, the steam can be used as a working fluid source with different pressure levels in a multistage steam ejector (pump) and can also be used as cooling steam of an exhaust turbine, and the total targets of material balance, water (steam) balance and energy balance in the waste tire pyrolysis process are achieved, and the total targets of energy conservation, emission reduction and cyclic utilization are achieved.

The inventor finds that the left side of a stable working condition area of the gas turbine is a surge working condition area, when the air flow introduced from an air inlet channel is lower than a surge boundary, the air flow in the area is strongly pulsed and periodically vibrated, the gas turbine is severely vibrated, the dynamic stress of the gas turbine is greatly increased, the noise is increased, the right side of the stable working condition area of the gas turbine is a blocking working condition area, the air flow speed on the narrowest section of the gas turbine and a diffuser blade channel reaches the sound speed, and the flow cannot be increased. The exhaust gas turbine has a large variation range of the inlet flow of the exhaust gas due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas, the variation range of the rotating speed output by the rotor assembly is large, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in a stable working condition area, the structure of the rotatable inlet guide vane adjustment, the rotatable diffuser blade adjustment and the like is complex and limited in effect, the gas turbine can design a performance curve according to the 1.3-1.5 times of the inlet flow value, namely the exhaust gas turbine is driven by a planetary speed increaser, the rotating speed of the gas turbine is improved, so that the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if a combustor needs small-flow air, a venting method can be adopted, namely a flow sensor and an anti-surge venting valve are connected at the outlet of a gas compression volute, the venting valve is driven by a servo motor, a signal is transmitted to the servo.

The inventor finds that steam with the working pressure of 0.35-0.4 MPa is accelerated in a Laval nozzle to form supersonic jet flow, the steam passes through a mixing chamber between an outlet of the nozzle and an inlet of a diffuser pipe, a negative pressure area appears due to the fact that the steam flow is at high speed, exhaust gas of an exhaust gas turbine is ejected, the outlet pressure of the exhaust gas is reduced to 50-55 kPa, the pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet of the exhaust gas turbine reaches 52-57 kPa, and a movable impeller can work reliably. The ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber to be mixed with the working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe in a speed reducing mode and then is discharged, and the compression stage of the mixed fluid is that two streams of fluid in the diffuser pipe continue to exchange energy and gradually compress at the same time, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump. Therefore, the steam jet pump can adjust different pressure mixed fluids according to the requirements of the mixed gas of the pyrolysis gas burner and the cold source gas of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the mixed fluids are collected and sent into the expansion tank, one path of inert tail gas conveyed by the expansion tank can be directly used as the mixed gas for the pyrolysis burner, and the other path of inert tail gas is condensed and then used as the cold source gas for the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

The inventor finds that the outlet of the compression volute is connected with a flow sensor for monitoring the output air flow, the air flow is ensured to fall in a stable working area of a compression turbine performance curve, the air flow output by the compression turbine is 1.3-1.5 times of the design air flow limit value of a pyrolysis gas combustor, and the lower calorific value of the mixed pyrolysis gas is 17-54 MJ/Nm³The change range is large, the change of the input low-level heat value is matched, the air flow of a shunting part of the emptying valve is needed, the feedback value of the input air flow sensor and the output tail gas oxygen content sensor is used for calculating a control value and transmitting the control value to the servo motor, the servo motor drives the emptying valve, the emptying valve comprises a valve rod assembly and an arc valve plate, the servo motor drives the arc valve plate to rotate through the valve rod assembly, and the arc valve plate is driven by the servo motor to rotateThe valve plate enlarges the flow area of the auxiliary air chamber and simultaneously reduces the flow area of the main air chamber, part of air conveyed by the compressor turbine is discharged through the auxiliary air chamber, so that the air quantity required by premixing of an air delivery pipe is obtained through the adjustment of a discharge valve, the working pressure of compressed air input by the compressor turbine is 112-118 kPa, an air bag component is coaxial with the air delivery pipe, pyrolysis gas is sprayed out through the air bag component and mixed with air, uniform mixing is realized through strong rotational disturbance of a rotational flow disc, the working pressure of inert tail gas output by an expansion tank is 112-118 kPa, the temperature is 200-250 ℃, according to the oxygen content sensor feed value of the exhaust tail gas, the inert tail gas is diffused through a secondary air volute body to realize full mixing with the pyrolysis gas and the air, the excess air coefficient is adjusted while part of heat energy is recovered, and NO is_XAnd (4) pollutant discharge.

The inventor finds that the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is divided into a combustion chamber and a temperature adjusting chamber, the combustion chamber and the temperature adjusting chamber are arranged in series, the combustion chamber comprises an ignition rod, a burner, a furnace shell, a flame stabilizing wall, a gas distribution wall and a nozzle, the flame stabilizing wall is built by refractory bricks, the heat storage effect is realized for keeping the temperature level of the hearth, the pyrolysis gas is continuously and stably combusted, the shape of the flame is set, the phenomenon that local cold and hot unevenness is caused by flame spread along the inner wall of the furnace shell from the burner is avoided, the gas distribution wall is built into a grid by the refractory bricks, the temperature field of the combustion chamber is kept stable as heat storage filler, the flame is continuously and stably combusted, the flow field distribution of the combustion chamber is also uniform, the opening ratio and the thickness of the gas distribution wall are adjusted to increase the pressure of the furnace shell and the nozzle, and the. The temperature adjusting chamber comprises a cold source inlet, a throat pipe and a diffusion pipe, according to the working principle of a jet pump, high-temperature flue gas which expands sharply after pyrolysis gas combustion is taken as a pressure working carrier and is sprayed into the throat pipe through a nozzle, inert tail gas of the cold source is sucked from the cold source inlet, the inert tail gas can be uniformly mixed with the high-temperature flue gas and then is sent into the diffusion pipe through the throat pipe, the cold source inlet is designed into a volute shape, the on-way resistance of the inert tail gas is reduced, the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln can obtain higher pressure ratio and flow ratio, and the high-efficiency area can work.

The inventor finds that because the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas is changed greatly, natural gas with stable low calorific value is used as preheating fuel when ignition is carried out, mixed gas of the natural gas and air is ignited through an ignition rod, at the moment, a flow control valve at the outlet end of a diffusion pipe of a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is opened ¼, a pyrolysis gas combustor is in a closed state, high-temperature flame flows into the kiln through a burner, a combustion chamber starts to be heated, high-temperature flue gas directly flows into a waste gas turbine of a waste gas turbocharging system through a temperature adjusting chamber, the waste gas turbine starts a heat engine and starts low-load operation, after a flame stabilizing wall and a gas distribution wall in the combustion chamber reach the designed ignition temperature of the pyrolysis gas of 400-450 ℃, the flow control valve at the outlet end of the diffusion pipe of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is completely opened, the waste gas turbine runs in full load, the permeation gas is driven by a planetary speed increaser to convey compressed air to the pyrolysis gas combustor, the pyrolysis The shape of the flame is adjusted by the flame stabilizing wall to realize the continuous and stable combustion of the pyrolysis gas, the high-temperature flue gas flow field of the combustion chamber is uniformly distributed by the gas distribution wall, and then the high-temperature flue gas flow field is conveyed to the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the rotary harrow roller to start working through the nozzle, the throat pipe and the diffusion pipe.

Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following advantages: firstly, the change range of the inlet flow of the waste gas is large due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas, the change range of the rotating speed output by a rotor assembly is also large, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in a stable working condition area, the structure is complex and the effect is limited due to the adoption of rotatable inlet guide vane adjustment, rotatable diffuser blade adjustment and the like, the gas turbine can design a performance curve according to the inlet flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, namely the waste gas turbine is driven by a planetary speed increaser, the rotating speed of the gas turbine is improved, so that the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if a combustor needs small-flow air, a venting method can be adopted, namely a flow sensor and an anti-surge venting valve are connected to the outlet of a gas compression volute, the venting valve is driven by a servo motor, a signal is transmitted to the servo motor by; secondly, the exhaust gas turbine selects an axial air inlet mode with small pressure loss at an air inlet end and a vertical upward air exhaust mode, a cantilever type rotor structure is adopted, the exhausted exhaust gas is expanded through a static blade grid and a movable impeller to do work, heat energy is converted into mechanical energy for rotating the movable impeller, the movable impeller drives a planetary speed increaser to drive the air turbine, and the air turbine pressurizes and pressurizes air to enter a combustor, so that a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced; thirdly, according to the working principle of the jet pump, high-temperature flue gas which expands sharply after pyrolysis gas combustion is taken as a pressure working carrier and is sprayed into the throat pipe through the nozzle, cold source inert tail gas is sucked from a cold source inlet, the inert tail gas can be uniformly mixed with the high-temperature flue gas and then is sent into the diffusion pipe through the throat pipe, the cold source inlet is designed into a volute shape, the on-way resistance of the inert tail gas is reduced, and the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln furnace can obtain higher pressure ratio and flow ratio and can work in a high-efficiency area.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln in a front view.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure A of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure B of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln in the direction C.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a large sample D of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a large sample E of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a large sample F of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of a G of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln of the invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of the H-H section of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln of the invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a large sample I of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of a J-J section of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of the K-K section of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.

I-waste gas turbocharging system II-pyrolysis gas burner III-pyrolysis gas combustion kiln

1-compressor turbine 2-planet speed increaser 3-exhaust gas turbine 4-steam jet pump

5-expansion tank 6-waste gas inlet shell 7-air inlet cone 8-movable impeller cooling steam assembly

9-stationary blade cascade 10-movable impeller 11-rotor component 12-transition shell

13-moving blade shroud 14-outlet shell 15-bearing box 16-air inlet channel

17-compressor turbine 18-diffuser 19-compressor volute outlet 20-nozzle

21-mixing chamber 22-diffuser pipe 23-auxiliary air chamber 24-emptying valve 25-main air chamber

26-secondary air volute 27-servo motor 28-air transmission pipe 29-air bag assembly

30-cyclone disk 31-arc valve plate 32-valve rod assembly 33-ignition rod 34-burner

35-furnace shell 36-flame stabilizing wall 37-air distribution wall 38-nozzle 39-cold source inlet

40-throat pipe 41-diffusion pipe 42-combustion chamber 43-temperature adjusting chamber.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description of embodiments and drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is characterized in that: the device comprises a waste gas turbocharging system I, a pyrolysis gas combustor II and a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln III.

The exhaust gas turbocharging system I comprises an exhaust gas turbine 3, a planetary speed increaser 2, a gas compression turbine 1, a steam jet pump 4 and an expansion tank 5, wherein the exhaust gas turbine 3 drives the gas compression turbine 1 through the planetary speed increaser 2.

The waste gas turbine 3 comprises a waste gas inlet shell 6, an air inlet cone 7, an movable vane cooling steam component 8, a stationary blade grid 9, a movable vane 10, a rotor component 11, a transition shell 12, a movable vane shroud 13, an outlet shell 14 and a bearing box 15, wherein the air inlet cone 7 is made into a secondary parabola shape and mainly used for guiding waste gas to uniformly distribute and flow to the stationary blade grid 9 and the movable vane 10, the movable vane cooling steam component 10 is designed in the hollow air inlet cone 7, cooling steam radially enters the air inlet cone 7 and then is turned into axial direction to be sprayed on the movable vane 10, the stationary blade grid 9 is fastened at the end part of the air inlet cone 7 through an embedding sleeve, the inclination angle of a nozzle flow channel central line of the stationary blade grid 9 is 16-18 degrees, the movable vane 10 is cantilever-mounted at the shaft end of the rotor component 11, the rotor component 11 is in a double-cantilever type mounting mode in the bearing box 15, bamboo leaf-shaped movable vanes are circumferentially arranged at, the waste gas flow enters into the movable blades of the movable blades 10 from the nozzles of the static blade cascade 9 at a high speed to change the direction of the gas flow, the provided circumferential component continuously pushes the movable blades 10 to rotate continuously, mechanical power is output to the compressor turbine 1 through the rotor assembly 11 via the planetary speed increaser 2, and a waste gas inlet shell 6, an air inlet cone 7, a transition shell 12, a movable blade shroud 13 and an outlet shell 14 form a waste gas through flow channel.

The air compression turbine 1 comprises an air inlet passage 16, an air compression turbine 17, a diffuser 18 and an air compression volute outlet 19, the left side of a stable working condition area of the air compression turbine 1 is a surge working condition area, when the air flow introduced from the air inlet passage 16 is lower than a surge boundary, the air flow in the area is strongly pulsed and periodically vibrates, the air compression turbine 17 vibrates violently, the dynamic stress of the air compression turbine 17 is greatly increased, the noise is increased, the right side of the stable working condition area of the air compression turbine 1 is a blocked working condition area, the air flow speed on the narrowest section of the blade passages of the air compression turbine 17 and the diffuser 18 reaches the sound speed, the flow cannot be increased, the variation range of the inlet flow of the waste gas is larger due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas of the waste gas turbine 3, the variation range of the rotating speed output by a rotor assembly 11 is also larger, the air compression turbine 1 is difficult to, that is, the exhaust gas turbine 3 is driven by the planetary speed increaser 2, the rotating speed of the compressor turbine 1 is increased, the compressor turbine 1 always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if the combustor needs small-flow air, an emptying method can be adopted, that is, the compressor volute outlet 19 is connected with a flow sensor and an anti-surge emptying valve 24, the emptying valve 24 is driven by a servo motor 27, the flow sensor transmits signals to the servo motor 27, and part of flowing air is divided by the emptying valve 24.

The steam jet pump 4 comprises a nozzle 20, a mixing chamber 21 and a diffuser pipe 22, steam passes through the mixing chamber 21 between the outlet of the nozzle 20 and the inlet of the diffuser pipe 22, a negative pressure area appears due to high-speed steam flow, so that exhaust gas of the exhaust gas turbine 3 is ejected, the ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber 21 to be mixed with working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe 22 in a decelerating way and then is discharged, the compression stage of the mixed fluid, namely two fluids in the diffuser pipe 22 are compressed gradually while continuing energy exchange, kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump 4, so that the steam jet pump 4 can adjust different pressure mixed fluids according to the requirements of mixed gas of a pyrolysis gas burner II and pyrolysis gas kiln furnace cold source gas, the mixed fluid is collected and sent into an expansion tank 5, one path of the inert tail gas delivered by the expansion tank 5 can be directly used as mixed gas for the heat supply and gas decomposition burner II, and the other path of the inert tail gas is condensed and used as cold source gas for the heat supply and gas decomposition combustion kiln.

The pyrolysis gas burner II comprises an air release valve 24, a secondary air volute body 26, a servo motor 27, an air delivery pipe 28, an air bag assembly 29 and a cyclone disc 30, wherein the air release valve 24 comprises an auxiliary air chamber 23, a main air chamber 25, a valve rod assembly 32 and an arc valve plate 31, the auxiliary air chamber 23 is a bypass branch of the main air chamber 25, the arc valve plate 31 covers a through channel of the auxiliary air chamber 23 when the auxiliary air chamber is closed, the servo motor 27 drives the arc valve plate 31 to rotate through the valve rod assembly 32 when the auxiliary air chamber 23 is started, the arc valve plate 31 enlarges the through channel area of the auxiliary air chamber 23 and simultaneously reduces the through channel area of the main air chamber 25, part of air delivered by the compression turbine 1 is released through the auxiliary air chamber 23, so that air quantity required by premixing of the air delivery pipe is obtained through adjustment of the air release valve 24, the air bag assembly 29 is coaxial with the air delivery pipe 28, pyrolysis gas is sprayed out through the air bag assembly 29 to be mixed with air and then is intensively rotated through the cyclone disc 30 to realize uniform, The air is mixed thoroughly.

The pyrolysis gas combustion kiln III comprises a combustion chamber 42 and a temperature adjusting chamber 43, the combustion chamber 42 and the temperature adjusting chamber 43 are arranged in series, the combustion chamber 42 comprises an ignition rod 33, a burner 34, a furnace shell 35, a flame stabilizing wall 36, a gas distribution wall 37 and a nozzle 38, the flame stabilizing wall 36 is built by refractory bricks, a heat storage effect is achieved for keeping the temperature level of a hearth, pyrolysis gas is continuously and stably combusted, the shape of the flame is set, local uneven cooling and heating caused by flame spread from the burner along the inner wall of the furnace shell 35 is avoided, the gas distribution wall 37 is built into a grid by the refractory bricks, the heat storage filler is used for keeping the temperature field of the combustion chamber 42 stable, the flame is continuously and stably combusted, the flow field distribution of the combustion chamber is also uniform, the opening rate and the thickness of the gas distribution wall 37 are adjusted to increase the pressure of the furnace shell 35 and the pressure of the nozzle 38, and the pressure ratio of.

The temperature adjusting chamber 43 comprises a cold source inlet 39, a throat pipe 40 and a diffusion pipe 41, according to the working principle of a jet pump, high-temperature flue gas which expands rapidly after pyrolysis gas combustion is taken as a pressure working carrier and is sprayed into the throat pipe 40 through a nozzle 38, cold source inert tail gas is sucked from the cold source inlet 39, the inert tail gas can be uniformly mixed with the high-temperature flue gas and then is sent into the diffusion pipe 41 through the throat pipe 40, the cold source inlet 39 is designed to be volute-shaped, the on-way resistance of the inert tail gas is reduced, and the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln furnace III can obtain higher pressure ratio and flow ratio and can work in a high-efficiency area.

Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims

1. Waste tire pyrolysis gas burning kiln, characterized by: comprises a waste gas turbocharging system, a pyrolysis gas combustor and a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln; the exhaust gas turbocharging system comprises an exhaust gas turbine, a planetary speed increaser, a gas compression turbine, a steam jet pump and an expansion tank, wherein the exhaust gas turbine drives the gas compression turbine through the planetary speed increaser; the waste gas turbine comprises a waste gas inlet shell, an air inlet cone, a movable vane wheel cooling steam component, a stationary blade bar, a movable vane wheel, a rotor component, a transition shell, a movable vane shroud band, an outlet shell and a bearing box, wherein the air inlet cone is made into a secondary parabola shape and mainly used for guiding waste gas to uniformly distribute and flow to the stationary blade bar and the movable vane wheel; the air compression turbine comprises an air inlet channel, an air compression turbine, a diffuser and an air compression volute outlet, and if a combustor needs small-flow air, a release method can be adopted, namely the air compression volute outlet is connected with a flow sensor and an anti-surge release valve, the release valve is driven by a servo motor, the flow sensor transmits a signal to the servo motor, and part of flowing air is divided by the release valve; the steam jet pump comprises a nozzle, a mixing chamber and a diffuser pipe, different pressure mixed fluids can be regulated by the steam jet pump according to the requirements of the mixed gas of the pyrolysis gas burner and the cold source gas of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the mixed fluids are collected and sent into an expansion tank, one path of inert tail gas conveyed by the expansion tank can be directly used as the mixed gas for the pyrolysis burner, and the other path of inert tail gas is condensed and used as cold source gas for the pyrolysis combustion kiln; the pyrolysis gas burner comprises an air release valve, a secondary air volute, a servo motor, an air delivery pipe, an air bag assembly and a cyclone disc, wherein the air release valve comprises an auxiliary air chamber, a main air chamber, a valve rod assembly and an arc valve plate, the air amount required by premixing of the air delivery pipe is obtained through adjustment of the air release valve, the air bag assembly is coaxial with the air delivery pipe, pyrolysis gas is sprayed out through the air bag assembly to be mixed with air, then uniform mixing is realized through strong rotational disturbance of the cyclone disc, and inert tail gas output by the expansion tank is diffused through the secondary air volute to be fully mixed with the pyrolysis gas and the air; the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln comprises a combustion chamber and a temperature adjusting chamber, the combustion chamber and the temperature adjusting chamber are arranged in series, the combustion chamber comprises an ignition rod, a burner, a furnace shell, a flame stabilizing wall, a gas distribution wall and a nozzle, the flame stabilizing wall is built by refractory bricks, and plays a heat storage role in keeping the temperature level of the furnace cavity, so that pyrolysis gas can be continuously and stably combusted, meanwhile, the shape of flame is set, local uneven cold and heat caused by flame spread along the inner wall of the furnace shell from the burner is avoided, the gas distribution wall is built into a grid by the refractory bricks, the temperature field of the combustion chamber is kept stable as heat storage filler, flame can be continuously and stably combusted, the flow field distribution of the combustion chamber is also uniform, the pressure ratio of the furnace shell and the nozzle is increased by adjusting the aperture ratio and the thickness of the gas distribution wall, and the pressure; the temperature adjusting chamber comprises a cold source inlet, a throat pipe and a diffusion pipe, according to the working principle of a jet pump, high-temperature flue gas which expands rapidly after pyrolysis gas combustion is taken as a pressure working carrier and is sprayed into the throat pipe through a nozzle, inert tail gas of the cold source is sucked from the cold source inlet, the inert tail gas can be uniformly mixed with the high-temperature flue gas and then is sent into the diffusion pipe through the throat pipe, the cold source inlet is designed into a volute shape, the on-way resistance of the inert tail gas is reduced, the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln can obtain higher pressure ratio and flow ratio, and the high-efficiency area can work.

2. The scrap tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed blade grid is fastened at the end part of the air inlet cone through an embedding sleeve, the inclination angle of the central line of a nozzle flow channel of the fixed blade grid is 16-18 degrees, a movable impeller cantilever is installed at the shaft end of a rotor assembly, the rotor assembly is in a double-fulcrum cantilever type installation form in a bearing box, bamboo leaf-shaped movable blades are arranged on the rim of each movable blade along the circumference, and the attack angle of the root airflow of each movable blade is-18 to-20 degrees.

3. The scrap tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln according to claim 1, wherein: the waste gas flow enters into the movable blades of the movable blades from the static blade grid nozzle at high speed to change the direction of the gas flow, the provided circumferential component force continuously pushes the movable blades to rotate continuously, and mechanical work is output to the compressor turbine through the rotor component via the planetary speed increaser.

4. The scrap tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln according to claim 1, wherein: the left side of the stable working condition area of the gas turbine is a surge working condition area, when the air flow introduced from the air inlet channel is lower than a surge boundary, the gas flow in the region is strongly pulsed and periodically vibrated, the gas turbine vibrates violently, the dynamic stress of the gas turbine is greatly increased, the noise is increased, the right side of a stable working condition zone of the gas turbine is a blocking working condition zone, the gas flow speed on the narrowest section of the gas turbine and a diffuser blade channel reaches the sonic speed, the flow cannot be increased, the variation range of the inlet flow of the waste gas is larger due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas, the variation range of the rotating speed output by a rotor component is larger, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in the stable working condition zone, and the gas turbine can design a performance curve according to the inlet flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, namely, the exhaust gas turbine is driven by the planetary speed increaser, so that the rotating speed of the gas turbine is increased, and the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area.

5. The scrap tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln according to claim 1, wherein: the exhaust gas turbine selects an axial air inlet mode with small pressure loss at an air inlet end and a vertical upward air exhaust mode, and adopts a cantilever type rotor structure, the exhausted exhaust gas is expanded through a fixed blade grid and a movable impeller to do work, the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy for rotating the movable impeller, the movable impeller drives a planetary speed increaser to drive the air turbine, and the air turbine pumps air to be pressurized and enter a combustor, so that a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced.

6. The scrap tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln according to claim 1, wherein: the steam passes through a mixing chamber between an outlet of the nozzle and an inlet of the diffuser pipe, a negative pressure area appears due to high-speed steam flow, so that exhaust gas of the exhaust gas turbine is ejected, the ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber to be mixed with working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe in a speed reduction manner and then is discharged, and the compression stage of the mixed fluid, namely, two streams of fluid in the diffuser pipe continue to exchange energy while being gradually compressed, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump.

7. The scrap tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary air chamber is a bypass branch of the main air chamber, the circular arc valve plate covers a through flow passage of the auxiliary air chamber when the auxiliary air chamber is closed, the servo motor drives the circular arc valve plate to rotate through the valve rod assembly when the auxiliary air chamber is started, the circular arc valve plate enlarges the through flow area of the auxiliary air chamber and simultaneously reduces the through flow area of the main air chamber, and partial air conveyed by the air compression turbine is discharged through the auxiliary air chamber.

8. The scrap tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln according to claim 1, wherein: according to the working principle of a jet pump, high-temperature flue gas which expands rapidly after pyrolysis gas is combusted is taken as a pressure working carrier and is sprayed into a throat pipe through a nozzle, cold source inert tail gas is sucked from a cold source inlet, and the inert tail gas can be uniformly mixed with the high-temperature flue gas and then is sent into a diffusion pipe through the throat pipe.