CN112096630A - Waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system - Google Patents

Waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112096630A
CN112096630A CN202011068258.7A CN202011068258A CN112096630A CN 112096630 A CN112096630 A CN 112096630A CN 202011068258 A CN202011068258 A CN 202011068258A CN 112096630 A CN112096630 A CN 112096630A
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gas
turbine
air
exhaust gas
flow
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杨松
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
    • F01D25/305—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like with fluid, e.g. liquid injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/028—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the driving means being a planetary gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/0215—Arrangements therefor, e.g. bleed or by-pass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system. The method is characterized in that: the system comprises an exhaust gas turbine, a planetary speed increaser, a gas compression turbine, a steam jet pump and an expansion tank, wherein the exhaust gas turbine drives the gas compression turbine through the planetary speed increaser; the waste gas turbine comprises a waste gas inlet shell, an air inlet cone, a movable impeller cooling steam component, a fixed blade grid, a movable impeller, a rotor component, a transition shell, a movable impeller shroud band, an outlet shell and a bearing box, wherein the air inlet cone is made into a secondary parabola shape and mainly used for guiding waste gas to uniformly distribute and flow to the fixed blade grid and the movable impeller; the air compression turbine comprises an air inlet channel, an air compression turbine, a diffuser and an air compression volute outlet; the steam jet pump comprises a nozzle, a mixing chamber and a diffuser pipe.

Description

Waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system.
Background
Waste tires are common solid waste pollutants, people recycle the waste tires through a plurality of ways to realize harmless treatment, wherein the preparation of fuel oil and carbon black through pyrolysis of the waste tires is one of the solutions, and pyrolysis gas of one of byproducts of the preparation of the fuel oil and the carbon black through pyrolysis of the waste tires is good gas fuel and can provide heat energy required by pyrolysis reaction of the waste tires. The Chinese invention patent (patent application number 201310387596.0, the patent name is a waste tire cracking gas recycling device) discloses a waste tire cracking gas recycling device, which is characterized in that: including firing burning furnace, pyrolysis furnace, connecting pipe, be connected with gas collection device and gas purifier behind the pyrolysis furnace, its characterized in that: the gas collecting device comprises a gas storage tank and a buffer tank, wherein a gas inlet of the gas storage tank is connected with the cracking furnace, and a gas outlet of the gas storage tank is connected with an external discharge device and a gas purifying device through a tee joint; the back of the gas purification device is connected with a full-pressure fan and a buffer tank; the gas outlet of the buffer tank is connected with the combustion furnace; the fuel gas recycling device also comprises an electronic control device arranged in the full-pressure fan of the gas storage tank and the buffer tank; the electronic control device comprises a PLC controller and a touch pad input device; the PLC is connected with the gas liquid level measuring meter, the pressure detecting meter and the electromagnetic control valve; the fuel gas liquid level measuring meter is one of a servo liquid level meter, a radar liquid level meter or a double-flange liquid level meter; the buffer tank is a constant-pressure buffer tank, and a fuel gas liquid level gauge and a pressure gauge are arranged in the constant-pressure buffer tank; a low-pressure alarm device is arranged on the constant-pressure buffer tank; the gas purification device comprises a desulfurization device and a dust removal and dehumidification device; the desulfurization device is a desulfurization tower adopting wet desulfurization, and lime slurry in the desulfurization tower is used as a desulfurizing agent for desulfurization. Chinese invention patent (patent application No. 201010282826.3, entitled exhaust gas turbocharger device, attached drive system, and drive system design method) discloses an exhaust gas turbocharger device, attached drive system, and drive system design method, the exhaust gas turbocharger device including an exhaust gas turbocharger having an exhaust gas turbine disposed in an exhaust gas system in fluid connection with an exhaust gas outlet of an internal combustion engine; a compressor, which is in rotary driving connection with the exhaust gas turbine and is arranged in a charge air system of which the exhaust gas turbocharger device is in fluid connection with an air inlet of the internal combustion engine; an exhaust gas recirculation device having an inlet in fluid connection with the exhaust gas system and an outlet in fluid connection with the charge air system, exhaust gases branched off from the exhaust gas system entering the charge air system via the outlet at an exhaust gas entry location. The exhaust gas inlet point is located in a fluid compression circuit in the compressor, the exhaust gas flowing into the compressor being compressed directly from the inlet pressure to the charging pressure to be achieved while only balancing the pressure difference between the inlet pressure of the exhaust gas into the fluid compression circuit and the charging pressure to be achieved.
In the prior art, a pyrolysis gas collecting device obtained by pyrolyzing waste tires is provided, which comprises a gas storage tank, a buffer tank and an electronic control technical scheme thereof, and technical details of a pyrolysis gas combustion device and how to utilize waste gas thereof are not disclosed; the prior art proposes a technical scheme of an exhaust gas turbocharger device, which is used in the working environment of an internal combustion engine and completely different from the working conditions of pressure, temperature, flow field and the like of a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system, which is characterized in that: the system comprises an exhaust gas turbine, a planetary speed increaser, a gas compression turbine, a steam jet pump and an expansion tank, wherein the exhaust gas turbine drives the gas compression turbine through the planetary speed increaser.
The waste gas turbine comprises a waste gas inlet shell, an air inlet cone, a movable vane wheel cooling steam component, a stationary blade grid, a movable vane wheel, a rotor component, a transition shell, a movable vane shroud band, an outlet shell and a bearing box, wherein the air inlet cone is made into a quadratic parabola shape and mainly used for guiding waste gas to uniformly distribute and flow to the stationary blade grid and the movable vane wheel, the movable vane wheel cooling steam component is designed in the hollow air inlet cone, the cooling steam radially enters the air inlet cone and then is turned into axial direction to be sprayed to the movable vane wheel, the stationary vane grid is fastened at the end part of the air inlet cone through an embedding sleeve, the inclination angle of the central line of a flow passage of the stationary vane grid is 16-18 degrees, a cantilever of the movable vane wheel is arranged at the shaft end of the rotor component, the rotor component is in a double-fulcrum cantilever type installation form in the bearing box, bamboo leaf-shaped movable vanes are arranged on the rim of the movable vane, the provided circumferential component force continuously pushes the movable impeller to continuously rotate, mechanical work is output to the compressor turbine through the rotor assembly via the planetary speed increaser, and a waste gas channel is formed by the waste gas inlet shell, the gas inlet cone, the transition shell, the movable impeller shroud and the outlet shell.
The air compression turbine comprises an air inlet channel, an air compression turbine, a diffuser and an outlet of an air compression volute, wherein a surge working condition area is arranged on the left side of a stable working condition area of the air compression turbine, when the air flow introduced from the air inlet channel is lower than a surge boundary, the air flow in the area is strongly pulsed and periodically vibrates, the air compression turbine vibrates violently, the dynamic stress of the air compression turbine is greatly increased, the noise is increased, a blockage working condition area is arranged on the right side of the stable working condition area of the air compression turbine, the air flow speed on the narrowest section of a blade channel of the air compression turbine and the diffuser reaches. The waste gas turbine is large in change range of waste gas inlet flow due to the influence of the enthalpy value of pyrolysis gas, the change range of the rotating speed output by the rotor assembly is also large, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in a stable working condition area, the performance curve of the gas turbine can be designed according to the inlet flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, namely, the waste gas turbine is driven by the planetary speed increaser, the rotating speed of the gas turbine is improved, the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if a combustor needs small-flow air, a venting method can be adopted, namely, a flow sensor and an anti-surge venting valve are connected to the outlet of the gas compression volute, the venting valve is driven by a servo motor, the flow sensor transmits signals to the servo motor, and part of flowing air.
The steam jet pump comprises a nozzle, a mixing chamber and a diffuser pipe, wherein steam flows from an outlet of the nozzle to the mixing chamber between inlets of the diffuser pipe, a negative pressure area is formed due to high-speed steam flow, so that exhaust gas of an exhaust gas turbine is ejected, the ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber to be mixed with working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe in a speed reduction manner and then is discharged, the compression stage of the mixed fluid is that two fluids in the diffuser pipe are compressed gradually while energy exchange is continued, kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump, so that the steam jet pump can adjust different pressure mixed fluids according to the requirements of mixed gas of a pyrolysis gas combustor and cold source gas of a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the mixed fluids are collected and sent into an expansion tank, one path of inert tail gas conveyed by the expansion tank can be directly used as mixed gas of the pyrolysis gas combustor, the other path of the condensed gas is used as cold source gas for the gas-decomposing combustion kiln.
The inventor finds that the tire consists of an outer tire, an inner tire and a cushion belt, the outer tire consists of three main parts, namely a tire body, a tire tread and a tire bead, the tire body is formed by attaching a plurality of layers of rubberized cord fabrics according to a certain angle, and the cord fabrics are usually made of high-strength steel wires and synthetic fiber rubberized fabrics; the tread contacts with the ground and is made of heat-resistant and shear-resistant rubber materials; the tyre bead is used for tightly fixing the tyre on a wheel rim, and mainly comprises a steel wire ring, triangular filling rubber and steel wire ring wrapping cloth. The pneumatic tire can be classified into a car tire, a truck tire, an agricultural tire, an engineering tire, a special vehicle tire, an aircraft tire, a motorcycle tire and a bicycle tire according to the application of the pneumatic tire, and the recycled waste tire is generally a car tire, a truck tire, an agricultural tire, a motorcycle tire and a bicycle tire, and the structure of the waste tire is generally an oblique tire and a radial tire. The recovered waste tires are used for building fillers, highway fillers, regenerated rubber preparation, fuel oil and carbon black preparation by pyrolysis and the like.
The inventor finds that pyrolysis of waste tires mainly aims at recycling pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis carbon to further prepare products such as fuel oil and carbon black, and the pyrolysis gas is uneconomical if being used as a main product, because the yield of the pyrolysis gas is improved and a higher pyrolysis temperature (550-600 ℃) is needed to break pyrolysis oil chain hydrocarbon with a larger molecular weight to generate pyrolysis gas mainly containing methane, ethane, ethylene, propylene and other components with a smaller molecular weight, and the higher pyrolysis temperature causes a part of energy to be wasted on a damaged molecular chain, so that the pyrolysis gas generated by degrading the pyrolysis oil is flammable and explosive and is not easy to store and transport; in order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the pyrolysis reaction furnace and meet the requirements of mechanical processing, Q345R steel is selected as a furnace body material, the allowable stress requirement of the Q345R steel at high temperature is considered, namely the steel is used at the temperature of not more than 475 ℃, the comprehensive consideration of the factors is taken, the pyrolysis process temperature of the waste tires is designed to be 350-400 ℃, the heat source for pyrolyzing the waste tires is high-temperature flue gas generated by recycling pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis gas is non-condensable combustible gas after pyrolysis oil is condensed at normal temperature, and the low-grade heat value is 17-54 MJ/Nm3. Due to the requirements of heat transfer efficiency and heat transfer temperature difference, the temperature of flue gas from the outlet of the waste tire pyrolysis gas combustion kiln to the jacket of the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the inlet of the rotary rake roller is controlled to be 550-560 ℃, the temperature of flue gas after heat exchange of the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the rotary rake roller is 410-420 ℃, and the average temperature difference of heat transfer is 140 ℃, so that the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln can regulate and control the temperature of high-temperature flue gas generated by pyrolysis gas combustion, a cold source is required to be introduced to be mixed with the high-temperature flue gas, and the temperature required by a pyrolysis process is achieved by regulating the component ratio of.
The inventor finds that high-temperature flue gas generated by pyrolysis gas combustion of a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln provides a heat source for pyrolysis of waste tires, a burner is a key device of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the glue content of the waste tires is greatly different, the heat value of the pyrolysis gas of the waste tires is greatly different, and the range of the low-level heat value of the pyrolysis gas is 17-54 MJ/Nm3The range of adjusting the thermal load output by the burner is also large, and in order to ensure the necessary thermal strength of the hearth, the burner needs to realize continuous and stable combustion, has certain shape and length, and is stable without extinguishingThe flame of the flame is prevented from backfire and fire dropping, the coefficient of excess air is small, and NO is reducedXThe design requirements of pollutant emission and the like are met, so that the advantages of premixing type and diffusion type are absorbed, the primary air intake adopts air and fuel gas premixing type, the secondary air intake increases the oxygen content of the inert tail gas adjusting combustion air, and in a word, the premixing type and the diffusion type are serially connected to adjust the mixing ratio of the pyrolysis gas, the air and the inert tail gas through the secondary air intake to meet the design requirements.
The inventor finds that in the waste tire pyrolysis process, the requirements of material balance, water (steam) balance and energy balance and the total targets of saving energy, reducing emission and recycling, the oxygen content of the exhaust gas after the high-temperature flue gas output by the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is subjected to heat exchange through the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the rotary rake roller is reduced to be less than 3%, the temperature is 410-420 ℃, the pressure bearing of the rotary rake roller under the dynamic seal high-temperature working condition is limited, and the designed absolute pressure is not more than 105kPa, so that the pressure index of the exhaust gas is lower than the pressure requirements of a secondary air inlet of a combustor and a cold source at an inlet of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln of 112-118 kPa, and the exhaust gas cannot be directly recycled. According to the operating principle of turbocharging, considering that the pressure of the discharged waste gas is low, selecting an axial air inlet and vertical upward exhaust mode with small pressure loss at the air inlet end, and using a cantilever type rotor structure, the discharged waste gas is expanded through a static blade grid and a movable blade wheel to do work, the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy for rotating the movable blade wheel, the movable blade wheel drives a planetary speed increaser to drive the air turbine, the air turbine pumps the air to pressurize and enter a combustor, a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced, but the absolute pressure of an inlet of the discharged waste gas is 105kPa, an outlet of the discharged waste gas is directly communicated with a chimney, namely, the backpressure of a waste gas turbine is 101 kPa, the pressure difference of the inlet and the outlet is not enough to overcome the pressure loss of a flow passage of the static blade grid and the movable blade wheel to cause the rotation, the outlet pressure of the discharged waste gas is reduced to 50-55 kPa, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the waste gas turbine reaches 52-57 kPa, and the movable impeller can work reliably. The steam source of the steam jet pump is saturated steam generated by condensation of pyrolysis oil, the pressure is 0.35-0.4 MPa, the exhaust gas and steam mixed gas at the outlet of the steam jet pump are sent to an expansion tank, non-condensable gas in the expansion tank is inert tail gas, the inert tail gas has three purposes, one of the inert tail gas serves as a cold source for adjusting the temperature of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the other inert tail gas serves as an air source for adjusting the coefficient of excess air of a pyrolysis gas combustor, and the third inert tail gas serves as inert protective gas required by purging of a middle-section bell jar storage bin.
The inventor finds that the temperature of pyrolysis oil produced by a waste tire pyrolysis reaction furnace is 350-400 ℃, the pyrolysis oil needs to be condensed and fractionated and then is utilized, the condensation is generally realized through a dividing wall type heat exchanger, a cold source generally selects cooling water, the cooling water absorbs heat energy and converts the heat energy into steam, the steam with different qualities generated by multistage condensation is utilized, the steam can be used as a working fluid source with different pressure levels in a multistage steam ejector (pump) and can also be used as cooling steam of an exhaust turbine, and the total targets of material balance, water (steam) balance and energy balance in the waste tire pyrolysis process are achieved, and the total targets of energy conservation, emission reduction and cyclic utilization are achieved.
The inventor finds that the left side of a stable working condition area of the gas turbine is a surge working condition area, when the air flow introduced from an air inlet channel is lower than a surge boundary, the air flow in the area is strongly pulsed and periodically vibrated, the gas turbine is severely vibrated, the dynamic stress of the gas turbine is greatly increased, the noise is increased, the right side of the stable working condition area of the gas turbine is a blocking working condition area, the air flow speed on the narrowest section of the gas turbine and a diffuser blade channel reaches the sound speed, and the flow cannot be increased. The exhaust gas turbine has a large variation range of the inlet flow of the exhaust gas due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas, the variation range of the rotating speed output by the rotor assembly is large, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in a stable working condition area, the structure of the rotatable inlet guide vane adjustment, the rotatable diffuser blade adjustment and the like is complex and limited in effect, the gas turbine can design a performance curve according to the 1.3-1.5 times of the inlet flow value, namely the exhaust gas turbine is driven by a planetary speed increaser, the rotating speed of the gas turbine is improved, so that the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if a combustor needs small-flow air, a venting method can be adopted, namely a flow sensor and an anti-surge venting valve are connected at the outlet of a gas compression volute, the venting valve is driven by a servo motor, a signal is transmitted to the servo.
The inventor finds that steam with the working pressure of 0.35-0.4 MPa is accelerated in a Laval nozzle to form supersonic jet flow, the steam passes through a mixing chamber between an outlet of the nozzle and an inlet of a diffuser pipe, a negative pressure area appears due to the fact that the steam flow is at high speed, exhaust gas of an exhaust gas turbine is ejected, the outlet pressure of the exhaust gas is reduced to 50-55 kPa, the pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet of the exhaust gas turbine reaches 52-57 kPa, and a movable impeller can work reliably. The ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber to be mixed with the working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe in a speed reducing mode and then is discharged, and the compression stage of the mixed fluid is that two streams of fluid in the diffuser pipe continue to exchange energy and gradually compress at the same time, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump. Therefore, the steam jet pump can adjust different pressure mixed fluids according to the requirements of the mixed gas of the pyrolysis gas burner and the cold source gas of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the mixed fluids are collected and sent into the expansion tank, one path of inert tail gas conveyed by the expansion tank can be directly used as the mixed gas for the pyrolysis burner, and the other path of inert tail gas is condensed and then used as the cold source gas for the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following advantages: firstly, the change range of the inlet flow of the waste gas is large due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas, the change range of the rotating speed output by a rotor assembly is also large, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in a stable working condition area, the structure is complex and the effect is limited due to the adoption of rotatable inlet guide vane adjustment, rotatable diffuser blade adjustment and the like, the gas turbine can design a performance curve according to the inlet flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, namely the waste gas turbine is driven by a planetary speed increaser, the rotating speed of the gas turbine is improved, so that the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if a combustor needs small-flow air, a venting method can be adopted, namely a flow sensor and an anti-surge venting valve are connected to the outlet of a gas compression volute, the venting valve is driven by a servo motor, a signal is transmitted to the servo motor by; secondly, the exhaust gas turbine selects an axial air inlet mode with small pressure loss at an air inlet end and a vertical upward air exhaust mode, and adopts a cantilever type rotor structure, the exhausted exhaust gas is expanded through a static blade grid and a movable impeller to do work, the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy for rotating the movable impeller, the movable impeller drives a planetary speed increaser to drive the air turbine, and the air turbine pressurizes and pressurizes air to enter a combustor, so that a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system a of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system B of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a C-direction structure of the waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system D in a large scale.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system in a large scale (E) according to the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale sample F of the waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system of the invention.
I-exhaust gas turbine II-planet speed increaser III-compression turbine IV-steam jet pump
V-expansion tank
1-waste gas inlet shell 2-air inlet cone 3-movable impeller cooling steam assembly 4-stationary blade grid
5-moving impeller 6-rotor component 7-transition shell 8-moving impeller shroud 9-outlet shell
10-bearing box 11-air inlet 12-compressor turbine 13-diffuser
14-compressed air volute outlet 15-nozzle 16-mixing chamber 17-diffuser pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description of embodiments and drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system is characterized in that: the system comprises a waste gas turbine I, a planetary speed increaser II, a gas compression turbine III, a steam jet pump IV and an expansion tank V, wherein the waste gas turbine I drives the gas compression turbine III through the planetary speed increaser II.
The waste gas turbine I comprises a waste gas inlet shell 1, an air inlet cone 2, an movable impeller cooling steam component 3, a stationary blade grid 4, a movable impeller 5, a rotor component 6, a transition shell 7, a movable impeller surrounding belt 8, an outlet shell 9 and a bearing box 10, wherein the air inlet cone 2 is made into a secondary parabola shape and mainly used for guiding waste gas to uniformly distribute and flow to the stationary blade grid 4 and the movable impeller 5, the movable impeller cooling steam component 3 is designed in the hollow air inlet cone 2, cooling steam radially enters the air inlet cone 2 and then is turned into axial direction to be sprayed on the movable impeller 5, the stationary blade grid 4 is fastened at the end part of the air inlet cone 2 through an embedding sleeve, the inclination angle of a nozzle flow channel central line of the stationary blade grid 4 is 16-18 degrees, the movable impeller 5 is cantilever-mounted at the shaft end of the rotor component 6, the rotor component 6 is in a double-cantilever type mounting mode in the bearing box 10, bamboo leaf-shaped movable impellers 5 are circumferentially, the waste gas flow enters the movable blades of the movable blades 5 from the nozzles of the static blade grids 4 at a high speed to change the direction of the gas flow, the provided circumferential component continuously pushes the movable blades 5 to rotate continuously, mechanical power is output to the compressor turbine III through the rotor assembly 6 via the planetary speed increaser II, and a waste gas through flow passage is formed by the waste gas inlet shell 1, the gas inlet cone 2, the transition shell 7, the movable blade shroud 8 and the outlet shell 9.
The air compression turbine III comprises an air inlet 11, an air compression turbine 12, a diffuser 13 and an air compression volute outlet 14, the left side of a stable working condition area of the air compression turbine III is a surge working condition area, when the air flow introduced from the air inlet 11 is lower than a surge boundary, the air flow in the area is strongly pulsed and periodically vibrates, the air compression turbine 12 vibrates violently, the dynamic stress of the air compression turbine 12 is greatly increased, the noise is increased, the right side of the stable working condition area of the air compression turbine III is a blocking working condition area, the air flow speed on the narrowest cross section of the blade channel of the air compression turbine 12 and the diffuser 13 reaches the sound speed, and the flow cannot. The change range of the inlet flow of the waste gas is large due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas, the change range of the rotating speed output by the rotor assembly 6 is large, the air compressor turbine III is difficult to keep working in a stable working condition area, the performance curve of the air compressor turbine III can be designed according to the inlet flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, namely the waste gas turbine I is driven by the planetary speed increaser II, the rotating speed of the air compressor turbine III is improved, the air compressor turbine III always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if a combustor needs small-flow air, an emptying method can be adopted, namely, a flow sensor and an anti-surge emptying valve are connected to an air compressor volute outlet 14, the emptying valve is driven by a servo motor, signals are transmitted to the servo motor by the flow sensor, and part of flowing.
The steam jet pump IV comprises a nozzle 15, a mixing chamber 16 and a diffuser pipe 17, steam flows from an outlet of the nozzle 15 to the mixing chamber 16 between inlets of the diffuser pipe 17, a negative pressure area appears due to high-speed steam flow, so that exhaust gas of the exhaust gas turbine I is ejected, the ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber 16 to be mixed with working steam, then single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe 17 in a decelerating way and then is discharged, the compression stage of the mixed fluid is that two fluids in the diffuser pipe 17 continue to exchange energy while being gradually compressed, kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump IV, so that the steam jet pump IV can adjust different pressure mixed fluids according to the requirements of mixed gas of a pyrolysis gas combustor and pyrolysis gas kiln furnace cold source gas, collects the mixed fluid and sends the mixed fluid into an expansion tank V, one path of inert tail gas conveyed by the expansion tank V can be directly used as mixed gas by a heat supply and gas decomposition burner, and the other path of inert tail gas is condensed and used as cold source gas by a heat supply and gas decomposition combustion kiln.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (7)

1. Waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system, characterized by: the system comprises an exhaust gas turbine, a planetary speed increaser, a gas compression turbine, a steam jet pump and an expansion tank, wherein the exhaust gas turbine drives the gas compression turbine through the planetary speed increaser; the waste gas turbine comprises a waste gas inlet shell, an air inlet cone, a movable vane wheel cooling steam component, a stationary blade bar, a movable vane wheel, a rotor component, a transition shell, a movable vane shroud band, an outlet shell and a bearing box, wherein the air inlet cone is made into a secondary parabola shape and mainly used for guiding waste gas to uniformly distribute and flow to the stationary blade bar and the movable vane wheel; the air compression turbine comprises an air inlet channel, an air compression turbine, a diffuser and an air compression volute outlet; the steam jet pump comprises a nozzle, a mixing chamber and a diffuser pipe, different pressure mixed fluids can be adjusted according to the requirements of the mixed gas of the pyrolysis gas burner and the cold source gas of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the mixed fluids are collected and sent into the expansion tank, one path of inert tail gas conveyed by the expansion tank can be directly used as the mixed gas for the heat supply and gas relief burner, and the other path of inert tail gas is condensed and then used as cold source gas for the heat supply and gas relief combustion kiln.
2. The scrap tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed blade grid is fastened at the end part of the air inlet cone through an embedding sleeve, the inclination angle of the central line of a nozzle flow channel of the fixed blade grid is 16-18 degrees, a movable impeller cantilever is installed at the shaft end of a rotor assembly, the rotor assembly is in a double-fulcrum cantilever type installation form in a bearing box, bamboo leaf-shaped movable blades are arranged on the rim of each movable blade along the circumference, and the attack angle of the root airflow of each movable blade is-18 to-20 degrees.
3. The scrap tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: the waste gas flow enters into the movable blades of the movable blades from the static blade grid nozzle at high speed to change the direction of the gas flow, the provided circumferential component force continuously pushes the movable blades to rotate continuously, and mechanical work is output to the compressor turbine through the rotor component via the planetary speed increaser.
4. The scrap tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: the left side of the stable working condition area of the gas turbine is a surge working condition area, when the air flow introduced from the air inlet channel is lower than a surge boundary, the gas flow in the region is strongly pulsed and periodically vibrated, the gas turbine vibrates violently, the dynamic stress of the gas turbine is greatly increased, the noise is increased, the right side of a stable working condition zone of the gas turbine is a blocking working condition zone, the gas flow speed on the narrowest section of the gas turbine and a diffuser blade channel reaches the sonic speed, the flow cannot be increased, the variation range of the inlet flow of the waste gas is larger due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas, the variation range of the rotating speed output by a rotor component is larger, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in the stable working condition zone, and the gas turbine can design a performance curve according to the inlet flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, namely, the exhaust gas turbine is driven by the planetary speed increaser, so that the rotating speed of the gas turbine is increased, and the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area.
5. The scrap tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: if the burner needs small flow air, the method can be used, that is, the outlet of the compressed air volute is connected with a flow sensor and an anti-surge vent valve, the vent valve is driven by a servo motor, the flow sensor transmits signals to the servo motor, and part of the flowing air is divided by the vent valve.
6. The scrap tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: the exhaust gas turbine selects an axial air inlet mode with small pressure loss at an air inlet end and a vertical upward air exhaust mode, and adopts a cantilever type rotor structure, the exhausted exhaust gas is expanded through a fixed blade grid and a movable impeller to do work, the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy for rotating the movable impeller, the movable impeller drives a planetary speed increaser to drive the air turbine, and the air turbine pumps air to be pressurized and enter a combustor, so that a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced.
7. The scrap tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: the steam passes through a mixing chamber between an outlet of the nozzle and an inlet of the diffuser pipe, a negative pressure area appears due to high-speed steam flow, so that exhaust gas of the exhaust gas turbine is ejected, the ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber to be mixed with working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe in a speed reduction manner and then is discharged, and the compression stage of the mixed fluid, namely, two streams of fluid in the diffuser pipe continue to exchange energy while being gradually compressed, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump.
CN202011068258.7A 2020-10-08 2020-10-08 Waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system Withdrawn CN112096630A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011068258.7A CN112096630A (en) 2020-10-08 2020-10-08 Waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011068258.7A CN112096630A (en) 2020-10-08 2020-10-08 Waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115095556A (en) * 2022-07-25 2022-09-23 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Steam pressure matcher

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115095556A (en) * 2022-07-25 2022-09-23 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Steam pressure matcher

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