CN112080306A - Operation method of waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system - Google Patents
Operation method of waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112080306A CN112080306A CN202011068257.2A CN202011068257A CN112080306A CN 112080306 A CN112080306 A CN 112080306A CN 202011068257 A CN202011068257 A CN 202011068257A CN 112080306 A CN112080306 A CN 112080306A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/14—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours using industrial or other waste gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to an operation method of a waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system. The method is characterized in that: the system comprises an exhaust gas turbine, a planetary speed increaser, a gas compression turbine, a steam jet pump and an expansion tank, wherein the exhaust gas turbine drives the gas compression turbine through the planetary speed increaser; the waste gas turbine comprises a waste gas inlet shell, an air inlet cone, a movable impeller cooling steam component, a fixed blade grid, a movable impeller, a rotor component, a transition shell, a movable impeller shroud band, an outlet shell and a bearing box, wherein the air inlet cone is made into a secondary parabola shape and mainly used for guiding waste gas to uniformly distribute and flow to the fixed blade grid and the movable impeller; the air compression turbine comprises an air inlet channel, an air compression turbine, a diffuser and an air compression volute outlet; the steam jet pump comprises a nozzle, a mixing chamber and a diffuser pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to an operation method of a waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system.
Background
Waste tires are common solid waste pollutants, people recycle the waste tires through a plurality of ways to realize harmless treatment, wherein the preparation of fuel oil and carbon black through pyrolysis of the waste tires is one of the solutions, and pyrolysis gas of one of byproducts of the preparation of the fuel oil and the carbon black through pyrolysis of the waste tires is good gas fuel and can provide heat energy required by pyrolysis reaction of the waste tires. The Chinese invention patent (patent application number 201310387596.0, the patent name is a waste tire cracking gas recycling device) discloses a waste tire cracking gas recycling device, which is characterized in that: including firing burning furnace, pyrolysis furnace, connecting pipe, be connected with gas collection device and gas purifier behind the pyrolysis furnace, its characterized in that: the gas collecting device comprises a gas storage tank and a buffer tank, wherein a gas inlet of the gas storage tank is connected with the cracking furnace, and a gas outlet of the gas storage tank is connected with an external discharge device and a gas purifying device through a tee joint; the back of the gas purification device is connected with a full-pressure fan and a buffer tank; the gas outlet of the buffer tank is connected with the combustion furnace; the fuel gas recycling device also comprises an electronic control device arranged in the full-pressure fan of the gas storage tank and the buffer tank; the electronic control device comprises a PLC controller and a touch pad input device; the PLC is connected with the gas liquid level measuring meter, the pressure detecting meter and the electromagnetic control valve; the fuel gas liquid level measuring meter is one of a servo liquid level meter, a radar liquid level meter or a double-flange liquid level meter; the buffer tank is a constant-pressure buffer tank, and a fuel gas liquid level gauge and a pressure gauge are arranged in the constant-pressure buffer tank; a low-pressure alarm device is arranged on the constant-pressure buffer tank; the gas purification device comprises a desulfurization device and a dust removal and dehumidification device; the desulfurization device is a desulfurization tower adopting wet desulfurization, and lime slurry in the desulfurization tower is used as a desulfurizing agent for desulfurization. Chinese invention patent (patent application No. 201010282826.3, entitled exhaust gas turbocharger device, attached drive system, and drive system design method) discloses an exhaust gas turbocharger device, attached drive system, and drive system design method, the exhaust gas turbocharger device including an exhaust gas turbocharger having an exhaust gas turbine disposed in an exhaust gas system in fluid connection with an exhaust gas outlet of an internal combustion engine; a compressor, which is in rotary driving connection with the exhaust gas turbine and is arranged in a charge air system of which the exhaust gas turbocharger device is in fluid connection with an air inlet of the internal combustion engine; an exhaust gas recirculation device having an inlet in fluid connection with the exhaust gas system and an outlet in fluid connection with the charge air system, exhaust gases branched off from the exhaust gas system entering the charge air system via the outlet at an exhaust gas entry location. The exhaust gas inlet point is located in a fluid compression circuit in the compressor, the exhaust gas flowing into the compressor being compressed directly from the inlet pressure to the charging pressure to be achieved while only balancing the pressure difference between the inlet pressure of the exhaust gas into the fluid compression circuit and the charging pressure to be achieved.
In the prior art, a pyrolysis gas collecting device obtained by pyrolyzing waste tires is provided, which comprises a gas storage tank, a buffer tank and an electronic control technical scheme thereof, and technical details of a pyrolysis gas combustion device and how to utilize waste gas thereof are not disclosed; the prior art proposes a technical scheme of an exhaust gas turbocharger device, which is used in the working environment of an internal combustion engine and completely different from the working conditions of pressure, temperature, flow field and the like of a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system, which is characterized in that: step one, high-temperature flue gas output by a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is subjected to heat exchange through a vertical pyrolysis tower body and a rotary rake roller to discharge waste gas, the oxygen content is reduced to be below 3%, the temperature is 410-420 ℃, the absolute pressure is 105kPa, the waste gas enters a stationary blade grid through a waste gas inlet shell and an air inlet cone, the waste gas expands in a nozzle in a stationary blade flow channel of the stationary blade grid to convert heat energy and pressure energy into kinetic energy, the flow velocity of the waste gas is correspondingly increased, the waste gas is sprayed to movable blades from the stationary blade at a high speed and in a 16-18-degree direction of inclination angle of a central line of the nozzle flow channel, in a movable blade flow channel of a movable blade wheel, the waste gas flows along the blade root in a-18-20-degree attack angle, the flow direction of the waste gas continues to be changed along the shape of the flow channel, and the movable blade inevitably generates circumferential component force due to the turning of the gas flow, so as, the component force of the movable blade in the axial direction is borne by an axial thrust bearing of the bearing box, so that overlarge axial displacement is avoided, in order to improve the efficiency of converting the thermal potential energy of the waste gas into mechanical work on the rotor assembly, the section of a waste gas through flow channel formed by the waste gas inlet shell, the gas inlet cone, the transition shell and the movable blade shroud is in a Venturi tube form which is gradually reduced and then gradually enlarged, and in order to prevent the waste gas turbine from stalling and surging, the back pressure of the outlet shell is kept at 50-55 kPa absolute pressure.
Step two, because the performance curve of the compression turbine is designed according to the intake flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, the rotating speed output by the rotor component of the exhaust gas turbine is accelerated by the planetary speed increaser, so that the rotating speed of the compression turbine is increased to 3000-7500 r/min, the compression turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, the output shaft of the planetary speed increaser drives the compression turbine to suck air from the air inlet channel, the air enters the diffuser channel from the radial direction at high speed by centrifugal force, the airflow is decelerated in the diffuser, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, the air is pressurized and enters the combustor through the compression volute outlet, a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced, if the combustor needs small-flow air, a venting method can be adopted, namely, the compression volute outlet is connected with a flow sensor and an anti-surge venting valve, and the venting valve is driven by a, the flow sensor transmits signals to the servo motor, and part of flowing air is divided by the emptying valve.
Thirdly, the steam with the working pressure of 0.35-0.4 MPa is accelerated in the Laval nozzle to form supersonic jet flow, the steam passes through a mixing chamber between an outlet of the nozzle and an inlet of a diffuser pipe, a negative pressure area appears due to the high speed of the steam flow, so that the exhaust gas discharged by a waste gas turbine is ejected, the outlet pressure of the exhaust gas is reduced to 50-55 kPa, the pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet of the waste gas turbine reaches 52-57 kPa, a movable impeller can reliably work, the ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber to be mixed with the working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is decelerated and compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe and then discharged, and the compression stage of the mixed fluid is that two fluids in the diffuser pipe continue to exchange energy while being gradually compressed, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of a steam jet pump, so that the steam jet pump can regulate the mixed gas and the source gas of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln according to the requirements of Different pressure mixed fluids are saved, the mixed fluids are collected and sent into an expansion tank, one path of inert tail gas conveyed out by the expansion tank can be directly used as mixed gas for a heat supply and gas decomposition burner, and the other path of inert tail gas is condensed and then used as cold source gas for a heat supply and gas decomposition combustion kiln.
The inventor finds that the tire consists of an outer tire, an inner tire and a cushion belt, the outer tire consists of three main parts, namely a tire body, a tire tread and a tire bead, the tire body is formed by attaching a plurality of layers of rubberized cord fabrics according to a certain angle, and the cord fabrics are usually made of high-strength steel wires and synthetic fiber rubberized fabrics; the tread contacts with the ground and is made of heat-resistant and shear-resistant rubber materials; the tyre bead is used for tightly fixing the tyre on a wheel rim, and mainly comprises a steel wire ring, triangular filling rubber and steel wire ring wrapping cloth. The pneumatic tire can be classified into a car tire, a truck tire, an agricultural tire, an engineering tire, a special vehicle tire, an aircraft tire, a motorcycle tire and a bicycle tire according to the application of the pneumatic tire, and the recycled waste tire is generally a car tire, a truck tire, an agricultural tire, a motorcycle tire and a bicycle tire, and the structure of the waste tire is generally an oblique tire and a radial tire. The recovered waste tires are used for building fillers, highway fillers, regenerated rubber preparation, fuel oil and carbon black preparation by pyrolysis and the like.
The inventor finds that pyrolysis of waste tires mainly aims at recycling pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis carbon to further prepare products such as fuel oil and carbon black, and the pyrolysis gas is uneconomical if being used as a main product, because the yield of the pyrolysis gas is improved and a higher pyrolysis temperature (550-600 ℃) is needed to break pyrolysis oil chain hydrocarbon with a larger molecular weight to generate pyrolysis gas mainly containing methane, ethane, ethylene, propylene and other components with a smaller molecular weight, and the higher pyrolysis temperature causes a part of energy to be wasted on a damaged molecular chain, so that the pyrolysis gas generated by degrading the pyrolysis oil is flammable and explosive and is not easy to store and transport; in order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the pyrolysis reaction furnace and meet the requirements of mechanical processing, Q345R steel is selected as a furnace body material, the allowable stress requirement of the Q345R steel at high temperature is considered, namely the steel is used at the temperature of not more than 475 ℃, the comprehensive consideration of the factors is taken, the pyrolysis process temperature of the waste tires is designed to be 350-400 ℃, the heat source for pyrolyzing the waste tires is high-temperature flue gas generated by recycling pyrolysis gas, the pyrolysis gas is non-condensable combustible gas after pyrolysis oil is condensed at normal temperature, and the low-grade heat value is 17-54 MJ/Nm3. Due to the requirements of heat transfer efficiency and heat transfer temperature difference, the waste tires are pyrolyzedThe temperature of flue gas from the outlet of the gas combustion kiln to the jacket of the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the inlet of the rotary rake roller is controlled to be 550-560 ℃, the temperature of flue gas after heat exchange of the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the rotary rake roller is 410-420 ℃, and the average temperature difference of heat transfer is 140 ℃, so that the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln can regulate and control the temperature of high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of pyrolysis gas, a cold source is required to be introduced to be mixed with the high-temperature flue gas, and the temperature required by the pyrolysis process is achieved by regulating the proportion of the components of the cold.
The inventor finds that high-temperature flue gas generated by pyrolysis gas combustion of a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln provides a heat source for pyrolysis of waste tires, a burner is a key device of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the glue content of the waste tires is greatly different, the heat value of the pyrolysis gas of the waste tires is greatly different, and the range of the low-level heat value of the pyrolysis gas is 17-54 MJ/Nm3The range of adjusting the thermal load output by the burner is also large, and in order to ensure the necessary thermal strength of the hearth, the burner needs to realize continuous and stable combustion, have flame with certain shape and length and stable without extinguishing, avoid backfire and fire dropping, have small excess air coefficient, and reduce NOXThe design requirements of pollutant emission and the like are met, so that the advantages of premixing type and diffusion type are absorbed, the primary air intake adopts air and fuel gas premixing type, the secondary air intake increases the oxygen content of the inert tail gas adjusting combustion air, and in a word, the premixing type and the diffusion type are serially connected to adjust the mixing ratio of the pyrolysis gas, the air and the inert tail gas through the secondary air intake to meet the design requirements.
The inventor finds that in the waste tire pyrolysis process, the requirements of material balance, water (steam) balance and energy balance and the total targets of saving energy, reducing emission and recycling, the oxygen content of the exhaust gas after the high-temperature flue gas output by the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is subjected to heat exchange through the vertical pyrolysis tower body and the rotary rake roller is reduced to be less than 3%, the temperature is 410-420 ℃, the pressure bearing of the rotary rake roller under the dynamic seal high-temperature working condition is limited, and the designed absolute pressure is not more than 105kPa, so that the pressure index of the exhaust gas is lower than the pressure requirements of a secondary air inlet of a combustor and a cold source at an inlet of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln of 112-118 kPa, and the exhaust gas cannot be directly recycled. According to the operating principle of turbocharging, considering that the pressure of the discharged waste gas is low, selecting an axial air inlet and vertical upward exhaust mode with small pressure loss at the air inlet end, and using a cantilever type rotor structure, the discharged waste gas is expanded through a static blade grid and a movable blade wheel to do work, the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy for rotating the movable blade wheel, the movable blade wheel drives a planetary speed increaser to drive the air turbine, the air turbine pumps the air to pressurize and enter a combustor, a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced, but the absolute pressure of an inlet of the discharged waste gas is 105kPa, an outlet of the discharged waste gas is directly communicated with a chimney, namely, the backpressure of a waste gas turbine is 101 kPa, the pressure difference of the inlet and the outlet is not enough to overcome the pressure loss of a flow passage of the static blade grid and the movable blade wheel to cause the rotation, the outlet pressure of the discharged waste gas is reduced to 50-55 kPa, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the waste gas turbine reaches 52-57 kPa, and the movable impeller can work reliably. The steam source of the steam jet pump is saturated steam generated by condensation of pyrolysis oil, the pressure is 0.35-0.4 MPa, the exhaust gas and steam mixed gas at the outlet of the steam jet pump are sent to an expansion tank, non-condensable gas in the expansion tank is inert tail gas, the inert tail gas has three purposes, one of the inert tail gas serves as a cold source for adjusting the temperature of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the other inert tail gas serves as an air source for adjusting the coefficient of excess air of a pyrolysis gas combustor, and the third inert tail gas serves as inert protective gas required by purging of a middle-section bell jar storage bin.
The inventor finds that the temperature of pyrolysis oil produced by a waste tire pyrolysis reaction furnace is 350-400 ℃, the pyrolysis oil needs to be condensed and fractionated and then is utilized, the condensation is generally realized through a dividing wall type heat exchanger, a cold source generally selects cooling water, the cooling water absorbs heat energy and converts the heat energy into steam, the steam with different qualities generated by multistage condensation is utilized, the steam can be used as a working fluid source with different pressure levels in a multistage steam ejector (pump) and can also be used as cooling steam of an exhaust turbine, and the total targets of material balance, water (steam) balance and energy balance in the waste tire pyrolysis process are achieved, and the total targets of energy conservation, emission reduction and cyclic utilization are achieved.
The inventor finds that the left side of a stable working condition area of the gas turbine is a surge working condition area, when the air flow introduced from an air inlet channel is lower than a surge boundary, the air flow in the area is strongly pulsed and periodically vibrated, the gas turbine is severely vibrated, the dynamic stress of the gas turbine is greatly increased, the noise is increased, the right side of the stable working condition area of the gas turbine is a blocking working condition area, the air flow speed on the narrowest section of the gas turbine and a diffuser blade channel reaches the sound speed, and the flow cannot be increased. The exhaust gas turbine has a large variation range of the inlet flow of the exhaust gas due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas, the variation range of the rotating speed output by the rotor assembly is large, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in a stable working condition area, the structure of the rotatable inlet guide vane adjustment, the rotatable diffuser blade adjustment and the like is complex and limited in effect, the gas turbine can design a performance curve according to the 1.3-1.5 times of the inlet flow value, namely the exhaust gas turbine is driven by a planetary speed increaser, the rotating speed of the gas turbine is improved, so that the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if a combustor needs small-flow air, a venting method can be adopted, namely a flow sensor and an anti-surge venting valve are connected at the outlet of a gas compression volute, the venting valve is driven by a servo motor, a signal is transmitted to the servo.
The inventor finds that steam with the working pressure of 0.35-0.4 MPa is accelerated in a Laval nozzle to form supersonic jet flow, the steam passes through a mixing chamber between an outlet of the nozzle and an inlet of a diffuser pipe, a negative pressure area appears due to the fact that the steam flow is at high speed, exhaust gas of an exhaust gas turbine is ejected, the outlet pressure of the exhaust gas is reduced to 50-55 kPa, the pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet of the exhaust gas turbine reaches 52-57 kPa, and a movable impeller can work reliably. The ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber to be mixed with the working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe in a speed reducing mode and then is discharged, and the compression stage of the mixed fluid is that two streams of fluid in the diffuser pipe continue to exchange energy and gradually compress at the same time, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump. Therefore, the steam jet pump can adjust different pressure mixed fluids according to the requirements of the mixed gas of the pyrolysis gas burner and the cold source gas of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the mixed fluids are collected and sent into the expansion tank, one path of inert tail gas conveyed by the expansion tank can be directly used as the mixed gas for the pyrolysis burner, and the other path of inert tail gas is condensed and then used as the cold source gas for the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following advantages: firstly, the change range of the inlet flow of the waste gas is large due to the influence of the enthalpy value of the pyrolysis gas, the change range of the rotating speed output by a rotor assembly is also large, the gas turbine is difficult to keep working in a stable working condition area, the structure is complex and the effect is limited due to the adoption of rotatable inlet guide vane adjustment, rotatable diffuser blade adjustment and the like, the gas turbine can design a performance curve according to the inlet flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, namely the waste gas turbine is driven by a planetary speed increaser, the rotating speed of the gas turbine is improved, so that the gas turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, if a combustor needs small-flow air, a venting method can be adopted, namely a flow sensor and an anti-surge venting valve are connected to the outlet of a gas compression volute, the venting valve is driven by a servo motor, a signal is transmitted to the servo motor by; secondly, the exhaust gas turbine selects an axial air inlet mode with small pressure loss at an air inlet end and a vertical upward air exhaust mode, and adopts a cantilever type rotor structure, the exhausted exhaust gas is expanded through a static blade grid and a movable impeller to do work, the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy for rotating the movable impeller, the movable impeller drives a planetary speed increaser to drive the air turbine, and the air turbine pressurizes and pressurizes air to enter a combustor, so that a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view structural diagram illustrating an operation method of a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of a method for operating the waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of a B operation method of the waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of direction C of the operation method of the waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a large sample D of the operation method of the waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a large sample E of the operation method of the waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a large sample F of the operation method of the waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system of the invention.
I-exhaust gas turbine II-planet speed increaser III-compression turbine IV-steam jet pump
V-expansion tank
1-waste gas inlet shell 2-air inlet cone 3-movable impeller cooling steam assembly 4-stationary blade grid
5-moving impeller 6-rotor component 7-transition shell 8-moving impeller shroud 9-outlet shell
10-bearing box 11-air inlet 12-compressor turbine 13-diffuser
14-compressed air volute outlet 15-nozzle 16-mixing chamber 17-diffuser pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description of embodiments and drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the method for operating a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system is characterized in that: step one, high-temperature flue gas output by a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is subjected to heat exchange through a vertical pyrolysis tower body and a rotary rake roller to discharge waste gas, the oxygen content is reduced to be below 3%, the temperature is 410-420 ℃, the absolute pressure is 105kPa, the waste gas enters a stationary blade grid 4 through a waste gas inlet shell 1 and an air inlet cone 2, the waste gas expands in a nozzle in a stationary blade flow passage of the stationary blade grid 4 to convert heat energy and pressure energy into kinetic energy, the flow velocity of the waste gas is correspondingly increased, the waste gas is sprayed to movable blades from the stationary blade at a high speed and in a direction of 16-18 degrees of inclination angle of a central line of the nozzle flow passage, in a movable blade flow passage of a movable blade wheel 5, the waste gas flow is bent at an angle of-18-20 degrees along a movable blade root, the flow direction of the movable blade continues to be changed along the shape of the flow passage, and the movable blade inevitably generates circumferential component force due to the, mechanical work is output through the rotor assembly 6, axial component force generated by the movable blades is borne by an axial thrust bearing of the bearing box 10, so that overlarge axial displacement is avoided, in order to improve the efficiency of converting thermal potential energy of waste gas into mechanical work on the rotor assembly, the section of a waste gas through flow passage formed by the waste gas inlet shell 1, the gas inlet cone 2, the transition shell 7 and the movable blade shroud band 8 is in a Venturi tube form which is gradually reduced and then gradually enlarged, and in order to prevent the stall and surge of the waste gas turbine I, the back pressure of the outlet shell 9 is kept at 50-55 kPa.
Step two, because the compressor turbine III designs a performance curve according to an intake flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, the rotating speed output by a rotor assembly 6 of the exhaust gas turbine I is accelerated by the planetary speed increaser II, so that the rotating speed of a compressor turbine 12 of the compressor turbine III is increased to 3000-7500 r/min, the compressor turbine III always works in a large-flow stable working condition area, an output shaft of the planetary speed increaser II drives the compressor turbine 12 to suck air from an air inlet 11, centrifugal force enables the air to enter a diffuser channel 13 from the radial direction at high speed, air flow is decelerated in the diffuser 13, kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, the air is pressed and fed into a combustor through a compressor volute outlet 14, a blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced, if the combustor needs small-flow air, a deflation method is adopted, namely the compressor volute outlet 14 is connected with a flow sensor and an anti-surge blow-down valve, the emptying valve is driven by a servo motor, a flow sensor transmits a signal to the servo motor, and part of flowing air is divided by the emptying valve.
Thirdly, the steam with the working pressure of 0.35-0.4 MPa is accelerated in the Laval nozzle 15 to form supersonic jet flow, the steam passes through a mixing chamber 16 between an outlet of the nozzle 15 and an inlet of a diffuser pipe 17, a negative pressure area appears due to the high speed of the steam flow, so that the exhaust gas discharged by the exhaust gas turbine I is ejected, the outlet pressure of the exhaust gas is reduced to 50-55 kPa, the pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet of the exhaust gas turbine I reaches 52-57 kPa, the movable impeller 5 can reliably work, the ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber 16 to be mixed with the working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is decelerated and compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe 17 and then is discharged, and the compression stage of the mixed fluid is that two fluid in the diffuser pipe 17 continuously carry out energy exchange while being gradually compressed, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of a steam jet pump IV, therefore, the steam jet pump IV can adjust different pressure mixed fluids according to the requirements of the mixed gas of the pyrolysis gas burner and the cold source gas of the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln, the mixed fluids are collected and sent into the expansion tank V, one path of inert tail gas sent by the expansion tank V can be directly used as the mixed gas for the pyrolysis burner, and the other path of inert tail gas is condensed and used as the cold source gas for the pyrolysis gas combustion kiln.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (7)
1. The operation method of the waste tire pyrolysis waste gas turbocharging system is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, high-temperature flue gas output by a pyrolysis gas combustion kiln is subjected to heat exchange through a vertical pyrolysis tower body and a rotary rake roller to discharge waste gas, the oxygen content is reduced to be below 3%, the temperature is 410-420 ℃, the absolute pressure is 105kPa, the waste gas enters a stationary blade grid through a waste gas inlet shell and an air inlet cone, the waste gas expands in a nozzle in a stationary blade runner of the stationary blade grid to convert heat energy and pressure energy into kinetic energy, the flow velocity of the waste gas is correspondingly increased, and the back pressure of an outlet shell is kept to be 50-55 kPa in order to prevent the waste gas from stalling and surging; step two, because the performance curve of the compressor turbine is designed according to the inlet flow value of 1.3-1.5 times, the rotating speed output by the rotor assembly of the exhaust gas turbine is accelerated through the planetary speed increaser, so that the rotating speed of the compressor turbine is increased to 3000-7500 r/min, and the compressor turbine always works in a large-flow stable working condition area; and thirdly, accelerating steam with the working pressure of 0.35-0.4 MPa in a Laval nozzle to form supersonic jet flow, leading the steam to pass through a mixing chamber between an outlet of the nozzle and an inlet of a diffuser pipe, and leading the steam flow to form a negative pressure area due to high speed, so as to inject the exhaust gas discharged by an exhaust gas turbine, reducing the outlet pressure of the exhaust gas to 50-55 kPa, leading the pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet of the exhaust gas turbine to reach 52-57 kPa, and leading the movable impeller to work reliably.
2. The method for operating a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: waste gas is sprayed to the movable blades from the fixed blades at a high speed in the direction of 16-18 degrees of inclination angle of the central line of the nozzle flow channel, in the flow channels of the movable blades, the waste gas flow is bent along the movable blade roots in the direction of-18-20 degrees of attack angle, the flow direction of the waste gas flow is continuously changed along the shape of the flow channel, the movable blades inevitably generate circumferential component force due to the turning of the gas flow, so that the movable blades are pushed to continuously rotate, mechanical work is output through the rotor assembly, and the axial component force generated by the movable blades is borne by the axial thrust bearing of the bearing box, so that overlarge axial displacement is avoided.
3. The method for operating a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: in order to improve the efficiency of converting the thermal potential energy of the waste gas into mechanical work on the rotor component, the section of a waste gas through flow passage formed by the waste gas inlet shell, the gas inlet cone, the transition shell and the movable blade shroud is in a Venturi tube form which is gradually reduced and then gradually enlarged.
4. The method for operating a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: the output shaft of the planetary speed increaser drives the air compression turbine to suck air from the air inlet channel, the air enters the diffuser channel from the radial direction at high speed by centrifugal force, the air flow is decelerated in the diffuser, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the air is pressurized and sent to the combustor through the outlet of the air compression volute, so that the air blower required by premixed air conveyed by the combustor is replaced.
5. The method for operating a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: if the burner needs small flow air, the method can be used, that is, the outlet of the compressed air volute is connected with a flow sensor and an anti-surge vent valve, the vent valve is driven by a servo motor, the flow sensor transmits signals to the servo motor, and part of the flowing air is divided by the vent valve.
6. The method for operating a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: the ejected exhaust gas is sucked into the mixing chamber to be mixed with the working steam, then a single uniform mixed fluid is gradually formed, the mixed fluid is compressed to a certain back pressure through the diffuser pipe in a speed reducing mode and then is discharged, and the compression stage of the mixed fluid is that two streams of fluid in the diffuser pipe continue to exchange energy and gradually compress at the same time, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, and the mixed fluid is discharged out of the steam jet pump.
7. The method for operating a waste tire pyrolysis exhaust gas turbocharging system according to claim 1, wherein: the steam jet pump can adjust different pressure mixed fluid according to the requirement of pyrolysis gas combustor mixed gas and pyrolysis gas burning kiln stove cold source gas, collects the mixed fluid and sends into the expansion tank, and the inert tail gas that the expansion tank carried out can directly supply heat to the gas burning ware and use as mixed gas all the way, and the heat is supplied to the gas burning kiln stove and is used as cold source gas after another way condensation.
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| CN114717914A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-08 | 江西经匠建设有限公司 | Town road construction device of levelling that shakes |
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