CN112128296B - Electromagnetic damper and vibration control method - Google Patents

Electromagnetic damper and vibration control method Download PDF

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CN112128296B
CN112128296B CN202010919649.9A CN202010919649A CN112128296B CN 112128296 B CN112128296 B CN 112128296B CN 202010919649 A CN202010919649 A CN 202010919649A CN 112128296 B CN112128296 B CN 112128296B
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shell
inner frame
magnet
cover plate
electromagnetic damper
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CN112128296A (en
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侯军明
王保升
蒋麒麟
吕东升
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/02—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs damping by frictional contact between the spring and braking means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/002—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion characterised by the control method or circuitry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/022—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/03—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F6/00—Magnetic springs; Fluid magnetic springs, i.e. magnetic spring combined with a fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/08—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other
    • F16F7/082—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other and characterised by damping force adjustment means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0005—Attachment, e.g. to facilitate mounting onto confer adjustability
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/08—Sensor arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/18—Control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/18—Control arrangements
    • F16F2230/186—Control arrangements with manual adjustments

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic damper, which comprises a cover plate, a shell connected with the cover plate, a magnet assembly and a friction force generating assembly, wherein the magnet assembly and the friction force generating assembly are positioned in the shell; the magnet assembly comprises an electromagnet and magnets which are homopolar to the N pole and the S pole of the electromagnet respectively, and the magnets are arranged on the inner wall of the cover plate or the shell respectively; the electromagnet penetrates through the inner frame and is fixedly connected with the inner frame, a friction plate is arranged between the inner frame and the inner wall of the shell, the friction plate is fixedly connected with the shell through a pretightening screw, and the friction plate is in contact with the inner frame. The invention can improve the damping and natural frequency of the system, thereby reducing the amplitude of the system processing vibration.

Description

Electromagnetic damper and vibration control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electromagnetic damper and a vibration control method, and belongs to the field of vibration reduction equipment.
Background
Thin-walled parts represented by aircraft engine blades and the like are key parts of aircraft engines, and vibration phenomena in the machining process can cause the problems of reduced surface quality of machined parts, limited machining precision, shortened service life of cutters and the like.
The machining vibration problem is related to a plurality of factors, which mainly include two aspects: modal parameters of the system and cutting forces. The modal parameters of the system are mainly intrinsic parameters of the system, such as system rigidity and system damping, and the cutting force is mainly related to the processing technological parameters in the processing process.
At present, the main method for solving the problems in the processing process of the non-thin-wall part is to optimize processing technological parameters through a stability prediction model so as to avoid an unstable cutting area and enable the processing technological parameters to be located in a stable processing area range, thereby controlling processing vibration.
However, for thin-walled workpieces, the system modal parameters are weak, so that the machining stability region of the system is small, and the control of machining vibration through the adjustment of machining process parameters is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electromagnetic damper which can improve the damping and natural frequency of a system so as to reduce the amplitude of the processing vibration of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an electromagnetic damper comprises a cover plate, a shell connected with the cover plate, a magnet assembly and a friction force generation assembly, wherein the magnet assembly and the friction force generation assembly are positioned in the shell; the magnet assembly is an electromagnet and magnets which are homopolar with the N pole and the S pole of the electromagnet respectively, and the magnets are arranged on the inner wall of the cover plate or the shell respectively; the electromagnet penetrates through the inner frame and is fixedly connected with the inner frame, a friction plate is arranged between the inner frame and the inner wall of the shell, the friction plate is fixedly connected with the shell through a pretightening screw, and the friction plate is in contact with the inner frame.
Preferably, the electromagnet comprises a magnetic conducting core rod and a conducting coil wound outside the magnetic conducting core rod; the magnetic conducting core rod penetrates through the inner frame, and a stop pin is arranged on the magnetic conducting core rod and is used for fixedly connecting the magnetic conducting core rod and the inner frame; the two stop pins are respectively positioned at the connecting part of the magnetic conduction core rod and the inner frame.
Preferably, the cover plate is provided with a second magnet, and the bottom of the shell is provided with the second magnet; the first magnet and the second magnet are connected with the shell through fastening screws.
Preferably, the cover plate is fixedly connected with the shell through a cover plate fastening screw.
According to the invention, by arranging the inner frame and the friction plate, the electromagnetic damper plays a vibration attenuation effect of equivalent damping on the system through electromagnetic force and friction force, and simultaneously changes the natural frequency of the system, so that the electromagnetic damper has a tuning effect.
A vibration control method is realized by adopting the electromagnetic damper, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: fixing an electromagnetic damper on a workpiece, wherein a conductive coil of the electromagnetic damper is connected with a resistor and a power supply; and adjusting the equivalent damping of the electromagnetic force and the equivalent damping of the frictional resistance of the electromagnetic damper so as to control the system vibration.
Further, the equivalent damping of the electromagnetic force is adjusted by controlling the amount of current in the system.
Further, the friction resistance is equivalently damped by adjusting the pretightening force of the pretightening screw.
The electromagnetic damper is additionally arranged, so that the damping and the natural frequency of a system are improved, the amplitude of the processing vibration of the system is reduced, the processing efficiency can be improved, and the manufacturing precision is increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic damper according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vibration control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: the device comprises a cover plate 1, a shell 2, a pretightening screw 3, a friction plate 4, a first magnet 5, a magnetic conduction core rod 6, an inner frame 7, a conductive coil 8, a stop pin 9, a second magnet 10, a resistor 11, a power supply 12, an acceleration sensor 13 and a dynamic signal analyzer 14.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the nature of the invention, its description is further set forth below in connection with the specific embodiments and the drawings.
The invention is applicable to the field of vibration reduction equipment, in particular to a thin-wall part processing system, and the structure of the specific embodiment is shown in figure 1, and comprises a cover plate 1, a shell 2 connected with the cover plate 1, a magnet assembly and a friction force generation assembly, wherein the magnet assembly and the friction force generation assembly are positioned in the shell 2. The magnet assembly is an electromagnet and magnets which are homopolar with the N pole and the S pole of the electromagnet respectively. The electromagnet penetrates through the inner frame 7 and is fixedly connected with the inner frame 7, a friction plate 4 is arranged between the inner frame 7 and the inner wall of the outer shell 2, the friction plate 4 is fixedly connected with the outer shell 2 through a pretightening screw 3, and the friction plate 4 is in contact with the inner frame 7.
The electromagnet comprises a conductive coil 8 and a magnetic conducting core rod 6, and the conductive coil 8 surrounds the outside of the magnetic conducting core rod 6. The magnetic core rod 6 is provided with a stop pin 9, and the stop pin 9 is used for fixing the magnetic core rod 6 and the inner frame 7. Two stop pins 9 are arranged and are respectively positioned at the connecting part of the magnetic conduction core rod 6 and the inner frame 7.
The cover plate 1 is provided with a second magnet 10, and the bottom of the shell 2 is provided with a second magnet 5. The first magnet 5 and the second magnet 10 are connected with the shell 2 through fastening screws, and the cover plate 1 is fixedly connected with the shell 2 through cover plate fastening screws.
When the conductive coil 8 is energized, electromagnetism is generated on the magnetic conductive core rod 6, the two ends of the magnetic conductive core rod 6 generate magnetism of an N pole and an S pole respectively, the first magnet 5 and the second magnet 10 select magnets which are homopolar to the core rod corresponding to the magnets respectively, and the magnetic conductive core rod 6 is suspended in the air due to the magnetic repulsive force applied to the two ends. The stop pin 9 on the magnetic core rod 6 drives the inner frame 7 to move, thereby generating friction force with the friction plate 4. The lateral pressure of the friction plate 4 and the inner frame 7 is controlled by adjusting the pretightening force of the pretightening screw 3, so that the sliding friction force between the friction plate 4 and the inner frame 7 is controlled.
A vibration control method is realized by adopting the electromagnetic damper, and as shown in figure 2, the vibration control method specifically comprises the following steps:
and fixing the electromagnetic damper on a workpiece, wherein a conductive coil 8 of the electromagnetic damper is connected with a resistor 11 and a power supply 12. The electromagnetic damper may be secured to the workpiece with an adhesive.
And adjusting the equivalent damping of the electromagnetic force and the equivalent damping of the frictional resistance of the electromagnetic damper so as to control the system vibration. The main working principle of the electromagnetic damper is that the electromagnetic force and the friction force play a vibration attenuation effect of equivalent damping on a system, and simultaneously, the natural frequency of the system can be changed, namely, the electromagnetic damper has a tuning effect. The work done by the electromagnetic damper mainly consists of two parts, including the work done by the electromagnetic force generated by the current of the system in the vibration process and the work done by friction damping of the friction plate caused by the lateral force, namely the work done by the electromagnetic damper is W-FdX+FmAnd (4) X. Wherein, FdRepresents an electromagnetic force, FmRepresenting the friction force, and X is the distance moved by the attraction force of the electromagnet.
1. The equivalent damping of the electromagnetic force is adjusted by controlling the amount of current in the system. When the electromagnetic damper is electrified, an electromagnet is formed, and the electromagnetic damper can do work in the vibration process, so that energy consumption is realized. According to the law of conservation of energy, the part of energy can cause the energy loss of the vibration systemThe electromagnetic force plays a role in suppressing vibration, and the effect of suppressing vibration played by the electromagnetic force is the work W done by the electromagnetic damper under the equivalent damping of the electromagnetic force1The calculation formula of (c) can be expressed as:
W1＝FdX＝CeqdπWmX2 (1)
wherein, WmIs the energy density of the magnetic field in the air, and can be generally constant according to the magnetic field, X is the distance moved by the attraction force of the electromagnet, CeqdIs the equivalent damping of the electromagnetic force.
At the same time, the calculation is made from the angle of work calculated from the electromagnetic force in the electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic force FdComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002666279420000051
wherein, B0Represents the magnetic induction, μ0Is the magnetic permeability, usually taken as constant, S0Representing the electromagnet air gap area, D is the coil diameter, U is the system voltage, ρ is the resistivity, D2Is the outside diameter of the conductive coil, D1Is the conductive coil inner diameter and δ is the air gap length.
The equivalent damping of the electromagnetic force is calculated according to the formula (1) and the formula (2) and is as follows:
Figure BDA0002666279420000052
wherein, mu0Is magnetic permeability, S0Indicating the air gap area, W, of the electromagnetmIs the magnetic field energy density in air, X is the distance moved by the attraction force of the electromagnet, D is the coil diameter, U is the system voltage, rho resistivity, D2Is the outer diameter of the coil, D1Is the coil inner diameter and δ is the air gap length.
2. The equivalent damping of the frictional resistance is adjusted by adjusting the pretightening force of the pretightening screw. When the inner frame 7 is subjected to frictional resistance in the process of rising, energy loss caused by frictional workW2Comprises the following steps:
W2＝FmX＝4μNX＝CeqmπWmX2 (4)
wherein μ is the coefficient of friction, N is the lateral pressure, CeqmIs the equivalent damping of the friction force.
The equivalent damping of the frictional resistance can be obtained according to equation (4):
Figure BDA0002666279420000053
the equivalent damping of the electromagnetic damper due to electromagnetic force and frictional force CeqCan be expressed as:
Ceq＝Ceqm+Ceqd (6)
3. as shown in fig. 2, an acceleration sensor 13 is disposed on the workpiece at a position close to the electromagnetic damper, and a dynamic signal analyzer 14 is connected to the acceleration sensor 13 through a data connection line and collects acceleration signals during movement. The vibration reduction effect of the electromagnetic damper can be obtained through real-time acquisition of the acceleration signal, and the vibration reduction effect of the electromagnetic damper can be controlled according to the requirement.
It should be noted that while the invention has been described in terms of the above-mentioned embodiments, there are many other embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended that all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. An electromagnetic damper, characterized by: the magnetic force generating device comprises a cover plate, a shell connected with the cover plate, a magnet assembly and a friction force generating assembly, wherein the magnet assembly and the friction force generating assembly are positioned in the shell; the magnet assembly is an electromagnet and magnets which are homopolar with the N pole and the S pole of the electromagnet respectively, and the magnets are arranged on the inner wall of the cover plate or the shell respectively; the electromagnet penetrates through the inner frame and is fixedly connected with the inner frame, a friction plate is arranged between the inner frame and the inner wall of the outer shell, the friction plate is fixedly connected with the outer shell through a pre-tightening screw, and the friction plate is in contact with the inner frame;
the electromagnet comprises a magnetic conducting core rod and a conducting coil wound outside the magnetic conducting core rod; the magnetic conducting core rod penetrates through the inner frame, and a stop pin is arranged on the magnetic conducting core rod and is used for fixedly connecting the magnetic conducting core rod and the inner frame; the two stop pins are respectively positioned at the connecting part of the magnetic conduction core rod and the inner frame.
2. The electromagnetic damper of claim 1, wherein: the magnet arranged on the cover plate is a second magnet, and the magnet arranged at the bottom of the shell is a first magnet; the first magnet is connected with the shell through a fastening screw, and the second magnet is connected with the cover plate through a fastening screw.
3. The electromagnetic damper of claim 1, wherein: the cover plate is fixedly connected with the shell through a cover plate fastening screw.
4. A vibration control method implemented by the electromagnetic damper according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
fixing an electromagnetic damper on a workpiece, wherein a conductive coil of the electromagnetic damper is connected with a resistor and a power supply;
and adjusting the equivalent damping of the electromagnetic force and the equivalent damping of the frictional resistance of the electromagnetic damper so as to control the system vibration.
5. The vibration control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the equivalent damping of the electromagnetic force is adjusted by controlling the amount of current in the system.
6. The vibration control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the equivalent damping of the frictional resistance is adjusted by adjusting the pretightening force of the pretightening screw.
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CN113550996A (en) * 2021-07-21 2021-10-26 重庆合道橡塑制品有限公司 Multipoint adjusting cylinder type or plate type friction type damping adjuster

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1526972A (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-09-08 Lg������ʽ���� Combined damper and washing machine with the same damper
CN1550607A (en) * 2003-05-20 2004-12-01 Lg电子株式会社 Damper for washing machine
CN110056591A (en) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-26 武汉理工大学 A kind of linear displacement becomes friction and electromagnetism variation rigidity composite damper

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5784461B2 (en) * 2011-11-11 2015-09-24 オリンパス株式会社 Inertial drive actuator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1526972A (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-09-08 Lg������ʽ���� Combined damper and washing machine with the same damper
CN1550607A (en) * 2003-05-20 2004-12-01 Lg电子株式会社 Damper for washing machine
CN110056591A (en) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-26 武汉理工大学 A kind of linear displacement becomes friction and electromagnetism variation rigidity composite damper

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