CN110219921B - Semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator - Google Patents

Semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110219921B
CN110219921B CN201910616159.9A CN201910616159A CN110219921B CN 110219921 B CN110219921 B CN 110219921B CN 201910616159 A CN201910616159 A CN 201910616159A CN 110219921 B CN110219921 B CN 110219921B
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quasi
semi
vibration isolator
base
active
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CN110219921A (en
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刘子豪
陈俊利
李劲松
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Hainan University
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Hainan University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F6/00Magnetic springs; Fluid magnetic springs, i.e. magnetic spring combined with a fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/06Magnetic or electromagnetic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/06Stiffness
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/18Control arrangements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model relates to a semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator which comprises a permanent magnet, an installation adjusting column and a base, wherein an equipment connecting column is arranged on the base, the lower end of the equipment connecting column is sequentially fixed on the base through an electromagnet and a spring, a spring sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, the lower end of the spring sleeve is fixed on the base, and the length of the spring sleeve is smaller than that of the spring; the installation adjusting column is arranged on the base beside the equipment connecting column, the installation adjusting column is provided with an outer frame in a sliding way, the outer frame is in an inverted L shape, the outer frame comprises a main rod and a side rod, the free end of the side rod is connected with the equipment connecting column through a linear motion system, the main rod is sleeved on the installation adjusting column, and a permanent magnet is arranged on one side of the main rod, which is close to the electromagnet; the base is provided with a mounting hole. The semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator provided in the technical scheme can effectively solve the problems that the semi-active vibration isolator and the quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator in the prior art work independently and cannot be switched freely.

Description

Semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of vibration isolators, in particular to a semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator.
Background
In the process of mechanical vibration, many negative effects can be generated, for example, in the field of mechanical structures such as ships, automobiles and the like, the service life of the equipment can be reduced by vibration of mechanical equipment such as power devices and the like, and secondly, noise can be generated by vibration, so that the comfort of passengers is influenced. Therefore, in actual operation, it is necessary to effectively suppress and prevent the influence of vibration, and a common prevention measure is to install vibration isolators on mechanical equipment. Common vibration isolators include common vibration isolators, semi-active vibration isolators, quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolators and the like. The common vibration isolator is generally in rubber type, metal type and wire rope type, but the parameters of the common vibration isolator are fixed and cannot be adjusted, and the common vibration isolator needs to be set in advance; the quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator has the characteristics of high static and low dynamic stiffness, and can effectively reduce the natural frequency of a system; the semi-active vibration isolator is adjustable and has a wide application range, but does not have the characteristic of quasi-zero vibration isolation.
Semi-active vibration isolators and quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolators are two common forms of vibration isolators. Related research results exist at home and abroad, and the Chinese patent application with the application publication number of CN109322951A discloses a semi-active vibration isolation device which adopts devices such as an electromagnet and the like to realize rigidity adjustment, but has the vibration isolation characteristic of a quasi-zero rigidity vibration isolator aiming at low frequency or ultra-low frequency in principle; the utility model patent number CN106402262B discloses a magnetic quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator with adjustable stiffness, and a permanent magnet negative stiffness device is designed to realize a passive quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator, wherein the magnitude of the negative stiffness of the passive quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator is required to be manually adjusted when being installed, and the vibration isolation frequency band of the passive quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator is in a fixed range after adjustment; the utility model patent number CN206571897U discloses a semi-active control type vertical vibration isolator with quasi-zero rigidity, which adopts a hydraulic device to realize the semi-active quasi-zero rigidity vibration isolator, realizes that a vibration isolation system is always in a quasi-zero rigidity state under different bearing quality conditions, and the negative rigidity adjusting function is mainly realized through an external hydraulic auxiliary system, and the common hydraulic auxiliary system needs to be provided with a control system, an oil cylinder, an oil pump, an oil storage device and other structures, so that the auxiliary system is more complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator, which can effectively solve the problems that the existing semi-active vibration isolator cannot reduce the natural frequency of a system, and the quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator cannot be adjusted and has a small application range.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator comprises a permanent magnet, an electromagnet, two installation adjusting columns, an equipment connecting column, an outer frame and a base, wherein the equipment connecting column which is vertically arranged is arranged at the center of the base, the lower end of the equipment connecting column is fixed on the base sequentially through the electromagnet and a spring, a spring sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, the lower end of the spring sleeve is fixed on the base, and the length of the spring sleeve is 0.6-0.8 times of the installation length of the spring; the installation adjusting columns are vertically arranged on the base and beside the equipment connecting columns, outer frames are arranged on the two installation adjusting columns in a sliding mode along the length direction of the installation adjusting columns, the outer frames are of inverted L-shaped, each outer frame of the L-shaped structure comprises a main rod and a side rod, the free ends of the side rods are connected with the upper parts of the equipment connecting columns through a linear motion system, the main rods are sleeved on the installation adjusting columns, permanent magnets are arranged on one sides, close to the electromagnets, of the main rods, and the polar directions, close to one sides of the electromagnets, of the permanent magnets are opposite;
the control system comprises a controllable direct current power supply for controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnet; the base is also provided with a mounting hole for being mounted and fixed with the ground.
The control system further comprises a sensor and a controller, wherein the sensor and the controllable direct current power supply are connected with the controller.
Further scheme is, the installation is adjusted the post surface and is all provided with the external screw thread, the through-hole has all been seted up along its length direction to the mobile jib, the mobile jib all sets up on the installation is adjusted the post through the through-hole, all be provided with lock nut on the installation at mobile jib both ends is adjusted the post, lock nut's external diameter is greater than the aperture of through-hole.
The further scheme is that one side of the main rod, which is close to the electromagnet, is provided with a mounting groove, the permanent magnets are arranged in the mounting groove, one side of the permanent magnets, which is close to the electromagnet, is fixed through at least one connecting piece and at least one pressing plate, and the size of the inner circle of each pressing plate is smaller than the size of the notch of the mounting groove.
In a further scheme, the linear motion system is a linear bearing or a linear guide rail.
The semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator provided in the technical scheme has the advantages of simple structure and high reliability, can be freely switched between quasi-zero stiffness and semi-active by utilizing the cooperation of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet, and is in a semi-active vibration isolation mode when attractive force is formed between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet, and the positive stiffness in the vertical direction of the vibration isolator is embodied; when the repulsive force is formed between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet, the negative rigidity of the vibration isolator in the vertical direction is reflected, and the vibration isolator is in a quasi-zero rigidity vibration isolation mode; meanwhile, a linear motion system is arranged between the outer frame and the equipment connecting column, so that the motion direction of the equipment connecting column is limited to be the vertical direction, the friction force of the equipment connecting column during motion can be reduced, and the smooth motion of the equipment connecting column is ensured; the spring sleeve is arranged in addition and is used for protecting the spring and simultaneously playing a role of fixing the electromagnet, so that the electromagnet is ensured to be positioned at the central position of the vibration isolator in the horizontal direction; finally, the permanent magnet can be positioned at the same height with the electromagnet by utilizing the slidable arrangement of the outer frame so as to improve the stability and accuracy of the vibration isolator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a semi-active, quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator according to the present utility model;
figure 2 is a top view of the semi-active, quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator of the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the control system according to the present utility model.
In the figure: 1. a base; 11. a mounting hole; 2. installing an adjusting column; 21. a mounting groove; 22. a lock nut; 3. an outer frame; 31. a main rod; 32. a side bar; 4. a pressing plate; 41. a connecting piece; 5. a device connection column; 51. a threaded hole; 6. a linear motion system; 7. a permanent magnet; 8. an electromagnet; 81. an iron core; 82. a coil; 9. a spring; 91. a spring sleeve; 10. a control system; 101. a controller; 102. a controllable DC power supply; 103. a sensor.
Description of the embodiments
The present utility model will be specifically described with reference to examples below in order to make the objects and advantages of the present utility model more apparent. It should be understood that the following text is intended to describe only one or more specific embodiments of the utility model and does not limit the scope of the utility model strictly as claimed.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as shown in figures 1 to 3, the semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator comprises a permanent magnet 7, an electromagnet 8, two installation adjusting columns 2, an equipment connecting column 5, an outer frame 3 and a base 1, wherein the equipment connecting column 5 which is vertically arranged is arranged at the central position of the base 1, a threaded hole 51 is formed at the upper end of the equipment connecting column 5, the installation with system equipment is facilitated, the lower end of the equipment connecting column 5 is fixed on the base 1 through the electromagnet 8 and a spring 9 in sequence, wherein the electromagnet 8 comprises an iron core 81 and a coil 82, the iron core 81 is connected with the equipment connecting column 5 through a bolt, a spring sleeve 91 is sleeved outside the spring 9, the lower end of the spring sleeve 91 is fixed on the base 1, the length of the spring sleeve 91 is designed to be in consideration of the vibration displacement of a vibration isolation system, and the length of the spring sleeve is designed to be between 0.6 and 0.8 of the spring installation length (the length of the spring sleeve in the embodiment is 0.7 of the spring installation length), the working state of the spring can be effectively ensured under the premise that the condition that the motion does not occur, the condition that the eccentricity of the spring installation is prevented from happening, the electromagnet is always in the square position of the electromagnet; the installation adjusting columns 2 are vertically arranged on the base 1 and beside the equipment connecting columns 5, the two installation adjusting columns 2 are provided with outer frames 3 in a sliding mode along the length direction of the installation adjusting columns 2, the outer frames 3 are of inverted L-shaped, electric pure iron and other materials are adopted for processing, the outer magnetic circuit tightness of the outer magnetic circuit can be guaranteed to be better, the outer frames 3 of the L-shaped structure comprise main rods 31 and side rods 32, the free ends of the side rods 32 are connected with the equipment connecting columns 5 through linear motion systems 6 (linear bearings in the embodiment), the movement direction of the equipment connecting columns 5 is fixed to be vertical, meanwhile, smooth movement of the equipment connecting columns 5 is guaranteed, and friction is reduced; the main rod 31 is sleeved on the installation adjusting column 2, external threads are arranged on the outer surface of the installation adjusting column 2, through holes are formed in the main rod 31 along the length direction of the main rod 31, the main rod 31 is sleeved on the installation adjusting column 2 through the through holes, locking nuts 22 are arranged on the installation adjusting column 2 at the two ends of the main rod 31, wherein the outer diameter of each locking nut 22 is larger than the aperture of the through hole, and the upper locking nut and the lower locking nut at the two ends of the main rod are used for fixing the height of the outer frame 3; the main rod 31 is provided with the mounting groove 21 on one side close to the electromagnet 8, the permanent magnet 7 is arranged in the mounting groove 21, and the permanent magnet is made of strong magnetic materials such as neodymium iron boron, so that the interaction force between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet can be increased while the volume weight is reduced, and a larger rigidity change range is provided for the vibration isolator, wherein four screw holes are formed in one side of the mounting groove 21 close to the electromagnet 8 at equal intervals, the four connecting pieces 41 (screws) penetrate through the four pressing plates 4 and the screw holes to be fixed, and the size enclosed by the inner circles of the four pressing plates 4 is smaller than the size of the notch of the mounting groove 21, so that the permanent magnet is stably fixed in the mounting groove, and the permanent magnet is in a good fixed state no matter under the condition that the permanent magnet is pressed or pulled; the base 1 is also provided with a mounting hole 11 for mounting and fixing with the ground.
As shown in fig. 3, the semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator further comprises a control system 10, wherein the control system 10 comprises a sensor 103, a controller 101 and a controllable direct current power supply 102 for controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnet 8, and the sensor 103 is a low-frequency acceleration sensor of the model of Jiangsu-gang energy CA-YD-109 and the like and is used for collecting vibration signals; the controller 101 is a control system which is independently developed based on an NI virtual instrument (also can be based on a singlechip system, an industrial control board card, a computer and the like) and is used for inputting and outputting signals, signal processing analysis, control decision and the like; the controllable DC power supply 102 is a programmable DC regulated power supply of the type of Intra-Ttrans IPA16-100LA, and the output voltage can be regulated on line by control signals. The sensor 103 and the controllable direct current power supply 102 are connected with the controller 101, the controller controls the controllable direct current power supply to output stable and adjustable direct current according to working conditions, and the size and the direction of the magnetic field are adjusted by controlling the size and the positive and negative of the current, so that switching of different working modes is completed. The method comprises the following steps: the vibration condition of the vibration isolation system is tested through the sensor, signals are input into the controller, the controller judges the current working mode after data acquisition and digital signal processing, different control subroutines are entered, the controllable direct current power supply is controlled to output corresponding current according to the specific system and the vibration condition, and further the adjustment of the interaction force between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet is realized, so that the vibration isolation rigidity is adjustable on line, and the functions of vibration isolation bandwidth adjustment in a quasi-zero rigidity mode, high rigidity adjustment in a semi-active mode and the like are realized. The control target amount of the control system is current, and designs such as hydraulic and pneumatic are not needed, so that the volume of the control system is relatively small, the technology is mature, the cost is low, and the characteristics of quick response and instantaneous switching of the working mode are brought.
The specific regulation and control are as follows: when the current direction is regulated to enable the permanent magnet and the electromagnet to attract each other, namely, the permanent magnet and the electromagnet are switched to a semi-active vibration isolation mode, positive rigidity is generated by electromagnetic force, the rigidity can be regulated according to different current strengths, and the electromagnetic rigidity with controllable size is added on the higher spring rigidity, so that the vibration isolator generates higher rigidity to cope with special situations of large displacement, high energy, such as impact, earthquake, and the like, and the overall safety of the vibration isolation system is improved; when the vibration isolator which needs to be supported is high in static rigidity and high in stability, and meanwhile, the vibration isolator is good in vibration isolation effect and wide in vibration isolation range, the vibration isolator can be switched into a quasi-zero rigidity vibration isolation mode, namely, the current direction is adjusted, the permanent magnet and the electromagnet repel each other, negative rigidity is generated, the magnitude of the negative rigidity is adjusted through adjusting the current intensity, and then the vibration isolation effective working frequency band is adjusted, so that the vibration isolation system is lower in frequency, the vibration isolation effective frequency band is widened, and the vibration isolation effect of the system is greatly improved under the general steady-state vibration working condition.
According to the semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator, the vibration isolation frequency band of the vibration isolator is adjusted on line by controlling the working current of the vibration isolator, and meanwhile, the function can be switched under special conditions such as impact earthquake, the other semi-active control high stiffness mode is realized, and the safety and stability of a vibration isolation system are improved to a certain extent; the current control is adopted, and the device has the characteristics of small volume, low cost, quick response, instantaneous switching of working modes and mature and simple control technology.
While the embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various equivalent changes and substitutions can be made therein without departing from the principles of the present utility model, and such equivalent changes and substitutions should also be considered to be within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a semi initiative, adjustable isolator of quasi zero rigidity, includes permanent magnet, electro-magnet, two installation adjusting column, equipment connecting column, outer frame and base, its characterized in that: the central position of the base is provided with a vertically arranged equipment connecting column, the lower end of the equipment connecting column is fixed on the base sequentially through an electromagnet and a spring, a spring sleeve is sleeved outside the spring, the lower end of the spring sleeve is fixed on the base, and the length of the spring sleeve is 0.6-0.8 times of the installation length of the spring; the installation adjusting columns are vertically arranged on the base and beside the equipment connecting columns, outer frames are arranged on the two installation adjusting columns in a sliding mode along the length direction of the installation adjusting columns, the outer frames are of inverted L-shaped, each outer frame of the L-shaped structure comprises a main rod and a side rod, the free ends of the side rods are connected with the upper parts of the equipment connecting columns through a linear motion system, the main rods are sleeved on the installation adjusting columns, permanent magnets are arranged on one sides, close to the electromagnets, of the main rods, and the polar directions, close to one sides of the electromagnets, of the permanent magnets are opposite;
the control system comprises a controllable direct current power supply for controlling the magnetic field direction of the electromagnet; the base is also provided with a mounting hole for being mounted and fixed with the ground.
2. The semi-active, quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator of claim 1, wherein: the control system further comprises a sensor and a controller, and the sensor and the controllable direct current power supply are both connected with the controller.
3. The semi-active, quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator of claim 1, wherein: the installation is adjusted the post surface and is all provided with the external screw thread, the through-hole has all been seted up along its length direction to the mobile jib, the mobile jib all sets up on the installation adjusts the post through the through-hole, all be provided with lock nut on the installation at mobile jib both ends is adjusted the post, lock nut's external diameter is greater than the aperture of through-hole.
4. The semi-active, quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator of claim 1, wherein: the permanent magnet is characterized in that a mounting groove is formed in one side, close to the electromagnet, of the main rod, the permanent magnet is arranged in the mounting groove, one side, close to the electromagnet, of the permanent magnet is fixed through at least one connecting piece and at least one pressing plate, and the size of the inner circle of each pressing plate is smaller than the size of the notch of the mounting groove.
5. The semi-active, quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator of claim 1, wherein: the linear motion system is a linear bearing or a linear guide rail.
CN201910616159.9A 2019-07-09 2019-07-09 Semi-active and quasi-zero stiffness adjustable vibration isolator Active CN110219921B (en)

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