CN112127880A - Measuring method of ultra-deep resistivity - Google Patents
Measuring method of ultra-deep resistivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN112127880A CN112127880A CN202011030728.0A CN202011030728A CN112127880A CN 112127880 A CN112127880 A CN 112127880A CN 202011030728 A CN202011030728 A CN 202011030728A CN 112127880 A CN112127880 A CN 112127880A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring method of ultra-deep resistivity, a transmitting control and power amplification module selects a D-type power amplifier with high efficiency, a sine wave transmitting signal with high power of 1KHz to dozens of KHz is output according to the requirement, the signal excites a periodic electromagnetic wave signal in a stratum through a transmitting antenna, a measuring device transmits a synchronous pulse every time a measuring period is transmitted, a receiving module is triggered to collect the signal output by the receiving antenna, data after ADC analog-to-digital conversion are superposed and then transmitted to a measuring control module in a signal modulation communication mode through a single-core cable, a DSP main controller carries out DPSD digital phase-sensitive detection conversion on the received signal to obtain the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of the received signal, and finally, the stratum resistivity result is inverted. The single-core cable also serves as a communication carrier while transmitting a power supply, all modules are in communication connection in a signal modulation communication mode, and meanwhile, synchronous pulses are transmitted through the single-core cable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resistivity logging, in particular to a measuring method of ultra-deep resistivity.
Background
In recent years, with the development of well logging technology, various logging-while-drilling instruments are also developed endlessly, the measurement precision and the detection depth are continuously enhanced, and certain application is also obtained on the basis of resistivity measurement while drilling. The conventional azimuth logging-while-drilling instrument is difficult to exceed 10 meters in detection depth on the side face of the whole body, so that when the complex and special underground oil layer and especially a vertical well are detected, if some measurement errors occur in the drilling process, the well wall is likely to be too much to be close to an oil-water layer, so that collapse or oil-water leakage is caused, the oil well is made useless, the drilling work is short of one step, and the loss is heavy. Because the conventional azimuth logging-while-drilling instrument probably can find the boundary of an oil layer in time when measuring a horizontal well or a slope well, once a vertical well is detected, a geological layered structure cannot be found in time due to the limited forward detection depth longitudinally parallel to a drill bit of the instrument, and the drill bit is likely to be turned in time to penetrate through the oil layer when the vertical well is detected.
Therefore, the development of the logging device for ultra-deep resistivity while drilling is carried out, the detection depth is further improved by prolonging the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and the measuring device has a certain forward detection function by utilizing 1 or more groups of inclined transmitting and receiving coils. Meanwhile, the power emission control module adopts a high-efficiency D-type digital integrated power amplifier, the emission power is improved, a high-power sine wave emission signal of 1KHz to dozens of KHz is output, the signal excites a periodic current signal in the stratum through the emission antenna, a synchronous pulse is transmitted by the measuring device every time a measuring period is emitted, the signal output by the receiving antenna is triggered to be sampled by the synchronous pulse, data after ADC analog-to-digital conversion is sampled and superposed and then is transmitted to the measurement control module in a signal modulation communication mode through a single-core cable, the DSP main controller performs DPSD digital phase-sensitive detection conversion on the received data to obtain the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of each frequency receiving signal, and finally the stratum resistivity result is inverted. The single-core cable also serves as a communication carrier while transmitting a power supply, all modules are in communication connection in a signal modulation communication mode, and meanwhile, synchronous pulses are transmitted through the single-core cable. Therefore, the invention provides an ultra-deep resistivity measurement method, which can solve the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a measuring method of ultra-deep resistivity, which lengthens the distance between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, utilizes 1 or more groups of inclined transmitting and receiving coils to ensure that a measuring device has a certain forward probing function, outputs a transmitting signal by using a high-power D-type power amplifier with high use efficiency, divides each circuit module into a plurality of instrument short sections and then splices the instrument short sections, simultaneously utilizes a single-core cable in an underground instrument string to serve as a communication carrier while transmitting a 32V power supply, realizes communication interconnection among the circuit modules in the instrument string, and transmits synchronous pulses by the single-core cable. The sampled data are transmitted to a measurement control module in a signal modulation communication mode through a single-core cable after being superposed, a DSP main controller in the module carries out DPSD digital phase-sensitive detection conversion on received signals to obtain the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of the received signals, and a formation resistivity result is converted. Finally, uploading all the measurement data, the amplitude ratio and the phase difference to a main control storage module FLASH chip through an internal 485 bus for storage, and completing periodic measurement; to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a measuring method of ultra-deep resistivity comprises the following steps:
a1, electrifying an instrument, electrifying and initializing module circuit units of a control module, a power emission control module, a main control storage module, a first receiving module and a second receiving module in a measuring device, finishing self-detection of the measuring device and keeping the measuring device in a standby state, keeping a signal modulation bus in an idle state, wherein the signal modulation bus is a single-core cable;
a2, the instrument enters a low power consumption mode, the main control storage module waits for receiving and analyzing a central control command on the signal modulation bus, if the central control command is analyzed to be a parameter modification command or other commands, the step A3 is carried out, and if the central control command is analyzed to be a measurement starting command, the step A4 is carried out;
a3, if the parameter is modified, the signal modulation bus is suspended, the main control storage module modifies the parameter stored in the main control storage module FLASH according to the parameter returned by the central control and stores the modified parameter, the step A2 is returned, if the modified parameter is not a parameter modification command, the corresponding action is executed according to the command, and then the step A2 is returned;
a4, starting measurement, the instrument enters into normal working measurement mode, and the measurement control module starts emission and starts measurement.
A5, each receiving module starts to receive and collect the superposed data according to the synchronous pulse, and uploads the data to the measurement control module by using the signal modulation bus.
A6, the measurement control module carries out digital phase-sensitive detection (DPSD) technical operation on the data uploaded by the first receiving module and the second receiving module, obtains the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of each received signal, and inverts the result of the formation resistivity.
A7, the measurement control module uploads the measured original data and the final conversion result to the main control storage module for storage, and then the step A4 is carried out, and the next measurement cycle is executed continuously until the command is executed.
The invention supplies power by using the single-core cable in the instrument string, the single-core cable also serves as a signal modulation communication carrier while transmitting a power supply, communication interconnection among circuit modules in the instrument string is realized, and meanwhile, the single-core cable also transmits synchronous pulses. The receiving and processing of the signals by each receiving module are carried out simultaneously, and the synchronization of the signal receiving and the data processing on the measurement time sequence is realized.
Further, when the instrument enters the low power consumption mode in the step a2, the measurement control module closes the DDS transmission signal and turns off the power supplies of the power transmission control module, the first receiving module, and the second receiving module, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: through under idle condition, reduce measuring device consumption to minimum, reduced instrument power total cost to a certain extent, improved power availability factor, reduce the thermal production of circuit self, also can indirectly reduce instrument internal circuit temperature, improve measuring device stability.
Further, after the parameters are modified in step A3, a reply is sent through the signal modulation bus, after the sending is successful, the signal modulation bus is in an idle state, and if the command is another command, the relevant reply action is executed according to the content of the command, and then the process returns to step a 2.
The specific process of starting emission and measurement of the measurement control module in the step a4 is as follows:
the main control storage module sends a command to the measurement control module through the 485 bus to start measurement, a DDS (direct digital synthesizer) transmitting signal is output to the power transmission control module, the power amplifier is started to transmit, and a synchronous pulse is generated to the single-core cable every time a signal period is transmitted.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: the main control storage module is responsible for communication with an underground or central control system, receives various central control instructions and executes related operations, stores measured real-time original data and converted phase difference and amplitude ratio data.
Further, the process of collecting and uploading data in step a5 is:
the first receiving module and the second receiving module trigger receiving and collecting actions according to the synchronous pulse, start the analog-to-digital conversion and data sampling of the ADC to the received signals, and transmit the collected and overlapped data back to the measurement control module through the signal modulation bus.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: because the distance between each receiving module of the instrument is longer, the synchronous receiving and data sampling of each receiving module are triggered by the synchronous pulse on the single-core cable, so that the data measurement and processing are synchronous in time sequence.
Further, after the inversion of the results of the formation resistivity in step a6, the raw measurement data and the intermediate data are packed with the final conversion result.
Further, the specific process of uploading the data in the step a7 is as follows:
the measurement control module packs the measured original data and the processed data and uploads the packed original data and the processed data to the FLASH of the main control storage module through the internal 485 bus for storage, after the data uploading and storage are completed, the step A4 is entered again, the main control storage module continues to send a measurement starting command to the measurement control module, and the measurement device executes the next measurement period until the main control module sends a measurement stopping command until the main control storage board stops measuring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the power supply and the communication of the whole measuring instrument string are connected only through a single-core cable, an instrument framework shell serves as a GND layer, the single-core cable serves as a signal modulation bus to transmit power to each instrument string and also serves as a communication carrier, and the single-core cable is used for receiving and transmitting commands, transmitting data and transmitting periodic synchronous pulses. The whole instrument string is much simpler in circuit wiring design only by using a single-core cable connection mode, plugs and sockets connected by multi-strand wires do not need to be designed among short sections, the trend and the connection method of the wires do not need to be considered, great workload is reduced in circuit layout and wiring design and mechanical design, mechanical installation and debugging are very convenient, and butt joint and maintenance of a large number of wires in a conventional drilling instrument are omitted. During the operation of going into the pit, can install different instrument nipple joints according to different needs, directly can exchange the position between each nipple joint, also can adjust the distance between transmitting antenna nipple joint and the receiving antenna nipple joint as required simultaneously, match different detection degree of depth, not only convenient but also swift, do not have the problem of not supporting.
2) The ultra-deep resistivity measuring device is only one of the underground instrument strings, the length of the whole measuring instrument string can reach dozens of meters, particularly, the distance between a transmitting antenna and two receiving antennas is longer, single-core cables are used as communication carriers among modules, and communication interaction is carried out in a signal modulation communication mode, so that ultra-far distance communication and data transmission among short sections and circuit modules of the underground instrument become possible; the receiving module receives the synchronous pulse, and performs acquisition operation of related data after comparison and synchronization so that synchronization on a data processing time sequence becomes possible; the receiving antenna adopts a resonance mode for tuning, so that a receiving antenna coil is only sensitive to a sine wave signal with a certain fixed frequency, the signal receiving strength is greatly improved, and the receiving of a weak signal at an ultra-long distance is facilitated.
3) The power emission control module adopts a D-type set to successfully amplify the chip, the highest power can reach 30W, the power amplification efficiency can reach more than 85 percent, and the power amplification efficiency is far higher than that of an A-type or AB-type power amplifier used by the conventional resistivity instrument. The frequency of the transmitted signal is in the range from 1KHz to dozens of KHz during measurement, the output scope of the digital D-type power amplifier is met, and the current digital D-type power amplifier chip technology is mature, so that the D-type power amplifier has strong advantages in the field of low-frequency digital signal amplification.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of an ultra-deep resistivity measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of signal transmission and signal reception according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power transmission control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a measurement control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a master memory module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first receiving module and a second receiving module according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of an internal communication framework between short joints of each instrument string in the borehole according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the communication transceiving of a signal modulation bus according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the ultra-deep resistivity measurement process provided by the second embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-transmitting antenna, 2-power transmission control module, 3-measurement control module, 4-main control storage module, 5-signal modulation bus, 6-first receiving module, 7-receiving antenna RX1, 8-second receiving module, 9-receiving antenna RX 2.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the drawings are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the invention, not to limit the scope of the invention.
The factors known to affect the depth of investigation of the tool are mainly determined by the following 3 factors: firstly, the distance from the transmitting coil to a measuring point plays a main role, and the larger the source distance is, the larger the detection depth is; secondly, the working frequency of the instrument and the conductivity of the stratum also determine the detection depth of the tool, and high-frequency electromagnetic waves are more difficult to penetrate through a conductive medium because high-frequency signals are more and faster attenuated in the stratum; third, different measured parameters have different depths of investigation, e.g., decaying resistivity is insensitive to conductive invaded formation reactions, while readings for resistive invaded formations approach the true formation resistivity.
Therefore, to increase the depth of investigation of the tool, one must start with these 3 decision factors, increase the distance between the transmitter and receiver, reduce the frequency of the transmitted signal, and finally invert the true resistivity of the formation using different parametric algorithms. Increasing the distance between transmission and reception also brings other adverse factors, such as the delay characteristic of transmission of the transmission signal, so that the phase shift of the reception signal is likely to be greater than 360 degrees, and the reception signal becomes too weak, resulting in the decrease of the signal-to-noise ratio, and the measurement accuracy and accuracy are not sufficient, therefore, the distance between transmission and reception cannot be increased infinitely, and generally about 20-30 meters is enough. The invention aims to provide an ultra-deep resistivity measuring method and device aiming at the defects of the traditional resistivity logging instrument while drilling, namely, the transmitting power is properly improved while the transmitting and receiving distances are properly increased, a digital D-type power amplifier with high efficiency is adopted to transmit low-frequency sinusoidal electromagnetic wave signals, the penetrating power is stronger, the detection depth is deeper, and finally, a DPSD digital phase-sensitive detection technology is adopted to process received data to obtain a final resistivity result. Meanwhile, the invention also adopts the splicing form of the short sections of the instrument, the positions of the short sections can be exchanged, and the distance between the transmitting short section and the receiving short section can be adjusted according to the requirement to match different detection depths.
Example 1
An embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-deep resistivity measurement apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, including:
the measurement control module 3 is used as a control center of the whole measuring device, enables the power emission control module 2 to output a square wave emission signal with a certain fixed frequency, performs related FFT conversion and time delay characteristic analysis on the sampled measurement data to obtain final resistivity data, communicates with the main control storage module 4, and uploads the data to the main control storage module 4FLASH in real time for storage;
the power transmitting control module 2 is used for receiving the sine wave signal, amplifying the sine wave signal through a D-type power amplifier circuit and outputting the amplified sine wave signal to the transmitting antenna 1;
the transmitting antenna 1 is used for receiving the amplified sine wave signals and exciting a periodical high-power sine wave current signal in the stratum;
the signal modulation bus 5 is a single-core cable, is used as a communication carrier among modules, and is also used for transmitting a power supply and transmitting periodic synchronous pulses;
the main control storage module 4 is used for monitoring commands issued on the signal modulation bus 5 in real time and sending corresponding starting commands to the measurement control module 3; and receiving the measurement data in real time and storing the measurement data in the FLASH.
The first receiving module 6 is used for collecting signals output by the receiving antenna RX17, and the signals are transmitted back to the measurement control module 3 through the signal modulation bus 5 in a signal modulation communication mode after being subjected to analog-to-digital conversion and sampling superposition by the ADC;
the second receiving module 8 is configured to collect a signal output by the receiving antenna RX29, and the signal is subjected to ADC analog-to-digital conversion, sampling and superposition, and then is transmitted back to the measurement control module 3 through the signal modulation bus 5 in a signal modulation communication manner;
the measurement control module 3 receives the sampling data uploaded by the first receiving module 6 and the second receiving module 8 through the signal modulation bus 5, and the DSP main controller performs DPSD data processing and conversion on the signal data to obtain the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of each frequency receiving signal and invert the result of the formation resistivity;
as shown in fig. 1, master control storage module 4, measurement control module 3, power transmission control module 2 and transmitting antenna 1 connect in order, power transmission control module 2 is connected with measurement control module 3 through the RS485 bus, measurement control module 3 is connected with master control storage module 4 through the RS485 bus, measurement control module 3, master control storage module 4, first receiving module 6, second receiving module 8 all articulate on signal modulation communication bus, and every module all has its own independent address, receive antenna RX 1's output with first receiving module 6's input is connected, receive antenna RX 2's output with second receiving module 8's input is connected.
In the embodiment of the invention, the single-core cable is used as a communication carrier while transmitting a power supply, so that communication interconnection between each instrument string and each circuit module is realized, and meanwhile, the single-core cable also transmits synchronous pulses, so that each receiving module receives signals and processes data simultaneously, and synchronization of each signal receiving and data processing time sequence is realized. The transmitting antenna 1 excites a periodic high-power sine wave signal on the stratum, a synchronous pulse is output every time a period is transmitted, each receiving module is triggered to perform signal conditioning filtering and collection on the signal output by the receiving antenna, sampled data are superposed and then transmitted to the measurement control module 3 in a signal modulation communication mode through a single-core cable, the DSP of the measurement control module 3 performs DPSD digital phase-sensitive detection conversion on the data of each receiving channel to obtain the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of each signal, the stratum resistivity result is inverted, and finally all original data and the final calculation result are uploaded to a FLASH chip of a main control storage board to be stored, so that the measurement process of one period is completed, and then the measurement of the next period is continued.
As shown in fig. 2, TX is a transmitting antenna 1, a power transmission control module 2 circuit excites a periodic high-power sine wave signal on the transmitting antenna 1 to be transmitted to the surroundings in the form of electromagnetic waves, and receiving antennas RX17 and RX2 receive the electromagnetic wave signal and generate a weak induced electromotive force on a coil loop.
As shown in fig. 3, the power emission control module 2 includes a single chip, a peripheral circuit, an RS485 communication module, a signal control switch, a class D power amplifier integrated circuit, a power adjustment circuit, a power control switch, a signal comparison circuit, and an LC low-pass filter tuning circuit;
the input end of the signal control switch is connected with a transmitting signal, the input end of the power supply conversion module is connected with the input end of a single-core cable power supply, the singlechip, the power control switch, the D-type power amplifier integrated circuit and the tuning circuit are connected in sequence, the RS485 communication module is connected with the singlechip through an RS485 bus, the output end of the peripheral circuit is connected with the input end of the singlechip, the input end of the signal comparison circuit is connected with the output of the LC low-pass filtering tuning circuit, the output end of the power adjusting circuit is connected with a single-core cable, the input end of the power adjusting circuit is connected with a singlechip, the output end of the power supply control switch is connected with the input end of the D-type power amplifier integrated circuit, the input end of the D-type power amplifier integrated circuit is connected with the input end of the LC low-pass filter tuning circuit;
LC low pass filter tuned circuit respectively with emitting antenna 1 and signal comparison circuit are connected, RS485 communication module passes through the RS485 bus and is connected with measurement control module 3, signal comparison circuit's output is connected with signal modulation communication bus (single core cable).
In the invention, a power emission control module 2 receives a sine wave signal of a certain fixed frequency output by a DDS digital frequency synthesizer of a measurement control module 3, the signal passes through a D-class collection successful discharge circuit and an LC low-pass filtering tuning circuit and then is output to an emission antenna 1, and a periodic high-power sine electromagnetic wave signal is excited on the emission antenna 1. The high-efficiency high-power D-class set is adopted to successfully amplify and output the transmitting signal, so that the power consumption of the measuring device is reduced, the strength of the transmitting signal is increased, the measuring precision of the device is improved, and the detection depth is indirectly improved. Meanwhile, the transmitting signal passes through the signal comparison circuit and then outputs the synchronous pulse signal with the same frequency to the signal modulation bus 5 (single-core cable), and each receiving module is triggered to receive and process the signal, so that each receiving module receives and processes the signal at the same time, and the synchronization of the signal receiving and data processing on the time sequence is realized.
As shown in fig. 4, the measurement control module 3 includes a DSP28377 main controller, an FPGA main controller, a peripheral circuit, an RS485 communication module, a power conversion module, a signal modulation and demodulation circuit, a temperature sensor, a DAC, an SRAM memory circuit, and a DDS digital frequency synthesizer;
the DDS digital frequency synthesizer's output transmit signal, power conversion module's input termination single core cable power input, DSP28377 main control unit, DAC and DDS digital frequency synthesizer connect in order, state DSP28377 main control unit, peripheral circuit, FPGA main control unit and signal modulation demodulation circuit and connect in order, RS485 communication module pass through the RS485 bus respectively with the input and the main control memory module 4 of DSP28377 main control unit are connected, signal modulation demodulation circuit with signal modulation bus 5 is connected, temperature sensor pass through SPI communication bus with FPGA main control unit connects, SRAM memory circuit pass through internal communication bus with DSP28377 main control unit connects.
In the embodiment of the invention, the measurement control module 3 is used as a control center of the whole measurement device, and the enabling power emission control module 2 outputs the emission signal amplified by the power amplifier. And the related DPSD digital phase-sensitive detection conversion is carried out on the measurement data uploaded after the RX1 and the RX2 are sampled, the amplitude ratio and the phase difference are converted, the formation resistivity result is inverted, and then the data are uploaded to the main control storage module 4FLASH in real time through the signal modulation bus 5 to be stored.
As shown in fig. 5, the main control storage module 4 includes a DSP28377 slave controller, a power conversion module, an RS485 communication module, a signal modulation and demodulation circuit, a peripheral circuit, a temperature sensor, an RTC clock circuit, and a FLASH storage chipset;
the input termination of power conversion module single core cable power input, RS485 communication module passes through the RS485 bus and is connected with DSP28377 slave controller and measurement control module 3 respectively, DSP28377 slave controller passes through signal modulation and demodulation circuit and modulation communication bus connection, FLASH storage chip group through the internal communication bus with DSP28377 is connected from the controller, DSP28377 is connected in peripheral circuit and temperature sensor respectively from the input of controller, DSP28377 is connected in RTC clock circuit from the output of controller.
In the embodiment of the invention, the main control storage module 4 is responsible for communication with an underground or central control system, receives various central control instructions, executes related operations and stores measured original data and converted phase difference and amplitude ratio data in real time.
As shown in fig. 6, the first receiving module 6 and the second receiving module 8 both include an FPGA slave controller, a DDS digital frequency synthesizer, a mixer, a band-pass filter circuit, a program-controlled operational amplifier, a high-precision ADC, a power conversion module, a two-stage low-noise amplifier, a peripheral circuit, a synchronous pulse receiving circuit, and a signal modulation and demodulation circuit, which are connected in sequence;
the input termination of power conversion module single core cable input, two-stage low noise amplifier's input is connected in receiving antenna RX17 or RX2, two-stage low noise amplifier's output is connected in the input of mixer, peripheral circuit's output connect in FPGA follows the input of controller, FPGA follows the controller and passes through SPI communication bus and be connected with high accuracy ADC, signal modulation and demodulation circuit pass through signal modulation bus 5 with FPGA follows the controller and connects. The synchronous pulse receiving circuit is respectively connected with the FPGA slave controller and a signal modulation bus 5 (a single-core cable).
The first receiving module 6 and the second receiving module 8 perform signal conditioning, filtering and amplification on the induced electromotive force signals generated on the receiving antenna, and then perform analog-to-digital conversion and acquisition. The signal conditioning and filtering circuit adopts two-stage prepositive low-noise amplification and filtering, after filtering, the signal and a local oscillator signal with similar frequency are subjected to frequency mixing subtraction, an intermediate frequency signal with fixed frequency is output, and after the intermediate frequency signal is subjected to band-pass filter and amplification, analog-to-digital conversion is carried out through a high-precision ADC. And the ADC sampling data are superposed and transmitted to the measurement control module 3 through a single-core cable in a signal modulation communication mode for DPSD data processing, wherein synchronous pulses are transmitted to each receiving module through the single-core cable by the transmitting control board.
In the embodiment of the invention, the synchronous pulse receiving circuit accurately captures the synchronous pulse signal with the same frequency as the transmitted signal, so that the receiving processing and the acquisition action time sequence of the signal are synchronized by each receiving module, and the abnormal phase measurement is avoided.
As shown in fig. 7, there are many instruments in the downhole measuring string, the ultra-deep resistivity measuring device is only one of them, and is spliced by several short sections, and the power supply and communication between the short sections are connected by a single-core cable, and the single-core cable also serves as a carrier for communication while transmitting power to each instrument string, and is used for receiving and transmitting commands, transmitting data and transmitting periodic synchronization pulses. The instrument framework shell serves as a GND layer, so that connection and assembly between instrument short sections are greatly facilitated, and splicing of the ultra-long instrument string becomes possible. The receiving module, the measurement control module 3 and the main control storage module 4 are all internally provided with modulation and demodulation circuits, and each module and the central control system have respective independent addresses.
In the embodiment of the invention, the receiving resonance frequency of the receiving coil is consistent with the transmitting signal by adopting a receiving coil tuning mode, so that the receiving coil has strong receiving capability for a signal with a certain fixed frequency, noise and interference of other frequency signals are eliminated, a receiving circuit has very good frequency selection characteristic, interference signals are reduced, the signal to noise ratio is improved, and the measurement precision of the device is also improved.
The number of the transmitting and receiving antennas in the embodiment of the present invention is only exemplary, and the number of the transmitting antennas 1 may also be 2 or 4 or more, and the same applies to the receiving antennas. The number of the devices can be increased or decreased according to the design requirements of the system. It is also possible to use 1 or 2 sets of transmitting and receiving antennas with tilted symmetry compensation to increase the depth of the drill bit. The number of the receiving antennas is consistent with that of the receiving modules and corresponds to that of the receiving modules one by one, only one transmitting antenna 1 can be allowed to start transmitting at any time, and each receiving antenna and the corresponding receiving module start receiving and start measurement under the condition of synchronous pulse triggering. Therefore, the single-double-receiving measurement mode is illustrated in the embodiment, which is intended to illustrate the principle and spirit of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for measuring ultra-deep resistivity, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 9:
a1, electrifying an instrument, electrifying and initializing module circuit units of a measurement control module 3, a power transmission control module 2, a main control storage module 4, a first receiving module 6 and a second receiving module 8, finishing self-detection by a measuring device and keeping the measuring device in a standby state, keeping a signal modulation bus 5 in an idle state, and keeping the signal modulation bus 5 as a single-core cable.
A2, the instrument enters a low power consumption mode, the main control storage module 4 waits for receiving and analyzing a central control command on the signal modulation bus 5, if the central control command is analyzed to be a parameter modification command or other commands, the step A3 is carried out, and if the central control command is analyzed to be a measurement starting command, the step A4 is carried out;
when the instrument enters the low power consumption mode in the step a2, the measurement control module 3 turns off the DDS transmission signal and turns off the power supplies of the power transmission control module 2, the first receiving module 6, and the second receiving module 8, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction.
A3, if the parameter is modified, the signal modulation bus 5 is suspended, the main control storage module 4 modifies and stores the parameter stored in the FLASH of the main control storage module 4 according to the parameter returned by the central control, and the step A2 is returned; if the command is not a parameter modification command, the corresponding action is executed according to the instruction, and then the operation returns to A2.
And B, after the parameters are modified in the step A3, sending a reply through the signal modulation bus 5, after the sending is successful, enabling the signal modulation bus 5 to be in an idle state, and if the command is other commands, executing related reply actions according to the command content and then returning to A2.
A4, starting measurement, the instrument enters into normal working measurement mode, and the measurement control module 3 starts emission and starts measurement.
The specific process of starting transmission and measurement of the measurement control module 3 in the step a4 is as follows:
the main control storage module 4 sends a command to the measurement control module 3 through a 485 bus to start measurement, a DDS (direct digital synthesizer) transmitting signal is output to the power transmission control module 2, the power amplifier is started to transmit, and a synchronous pulse is generated to the single-core cable every time a signal period is transmitted.
The main control storage module 4 is responsible for communication with an underground or central control system, receives various central control instructions, executes related operations, stores measured real-time original data and converted phase difference and amplitude ratio data.
A5, each receiving module starts to receive and collect the superposed data according to the synchronous pulse, and uploads the data to the measurement control module 3 by using the signal modulation bus 5.
The data acquisition and uploading process in the step A5 is as follows:
the first receiving module 6 and the second receiving module 8 trigger receiving and collecting actions according to the synchronous pulse, start the analog-to-digital conversion and data sampling of the received signals by the ADC, and transmit the collected and superimposed data back to the measurement control module 3 through the signal modulation bus 5.
A6, the measurement control module 3 performs digital phase-sensitive detection (DPSD) technical operation on the data uploaded by the first receiving module 6 and the second receiving module 8, obtains the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of each received signal, and inverts the result of the formation resistivity.
After the inversion of the results of the formation resistivity in step a6, the raw measurement data and the intermediate data are compressed and packed with the final conversion result.
A7, the measurement control module 3 uploads the measured original data and the final conversion result to the main control storage module 4 for storage, and then the step A4 is performed, and the next measurement cycle is continued to be executed by the command.
The specific process of uploading the data of the step a7 is as follows:
the measurement control module 3 packages the measured original data and the processed data and uploads the packaged data to the FLASH of the main control storage module 4 through the internal 485 bus for storage, after the data uploading and storage are completed, the step a4 is performed again, the main control storage module 4 continues to send a measurement starting command to the measurement control module 3, and the measurement device executes the next measurement cycle until the central control sends a measurement stopping command until the main control storage board stops measuring.
The method of signal modulation of the present invention enables communication between modules and with a central control system, as shown in fig. 7, connected by a single cable, the instrument framework housing acting as GND, so the cable can also be called signal modulation bus 5.
As shown in fig. 8, signal modulation is to use one signal, i.e. modulation signal, to control another signal, i.e. carrier signal, as a carrier, and let some parameter of the latter, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, pulse width, etc., change according to the former value, and in signal modulation, a high-frequency sinusoidal signal is usually used as the carrier signal. Meanwhile, the carrier can also transmit power to supply power for hanging equipment.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring ultra-deep resistivity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, electrifying an instrument, electrifying and initializing module circuit units of a measurement control module (3), a power emission control module (2), a main control storage module (4), a first receiving module (6) and a second receiving module (8), finishing self-detection by a measuring device, and keeping the measuring device in a standby state, wherein a signal modulation bus (5) is in an idle state, and the signal modulation bus (5) is a single-core cable;
a2, the instrument enters a low power consumption mode, the main control storage module (4) waits for receiving and analyzing a central control command on the signal modulation bus (5), if the central control command is analyzed to be a parameter modification command or other commands, the step A3 is carried out, and if the central control command is analyzed to be a measurement starting command, the step A4 is carried out;
a3, if the parameters are modified, the signal modulation bus (5) is suspended, the main control storage module (4) modifies and stores the parameters stored in the FLASH of the main control storage module (4) according to the parameters returned by the central control, and the step A2 is returned; if the command is not a parameter modification command, executing the corresponding action according to the command, and then returning to A2;
a4, starting measurement, enabling the instrument to enter a normal working measurement mode, and enabling emission and starting measurement by a measurement control module (3);
a5, each receiving module starts to receive and collect the superposed data according to the synchronous pulse, and uploads the data to the measurement control module (3) by using a signal modulation bus (5);
a6, the measurement control module (3) carries out digital phase-sensitive detection (DPSD) technical operation on the data uploaded by the first receiving module (6) and the second receiving module (8), obtains the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of each received signal, and inverts the result of the formation resistivity.
A7, the measurement control module (3) uploads the measured original data and the final conversion result to the main control storage module (4) for storage, and then the step A4 is carried out, and the operation is continued until the next measurement period is instructed.
2. The method of measuring ultra-deep resistivity of claim 1, wherein: when the instrument enters a low power consumption mode in the step A2, the measurement control module (3) closes the DDS transmitting signal and turns off the power supplies of the power transmitting control module (2), the first receiving module (6) and the second receiving module (8), so as to achieve the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
3. The method of measuring ultra-deep resistivity of claim 1, wherein: and B, after the parameters are modified in the step A3, sending a reply through the signal modulation bus (5), after the sending is successful, enabling the signal modulation bus (5) to be in an idle state, and if the command is other commands, executing related reply actions according to the command content and then returning to A2.
4. The method of measuring ultra-deep resistivity of claim 1, wherein: the specific process of starting emission and measurement by the measuring device in the step A4 is as follows:
the main control storage module (4) sends a command to the measurement control module (3) through a 485 bus to start measurement, a DDS (direct digital synthesizer) transmitting signal is output to the power transmission control module (2), a power amplifier is started to transmit, and a synchronous pulse is generated to the single-core cable every time a signal cycle is transmitted;
the main control storage module (4) is responsible for communication with an underground or central control system, receives various central control instructions and executes related operations, stores measured real-time original data and converted phase difference and amplitude ratio data.
5. The method of measuring ultra-deep resistivity of claim 1, wherein: the process of collecting the superimposed data and uploading in the step a5 is as follows:
the first receiving module (6) and the second receiving module (8) trigger receiving and collecting actions according to the synchronous pulse, start ADC to perform analog-to-digital conversion and data sampling on the received signals, and transmit the collected and overlapped data back to the measurement control module (3) through the signal modulation bus (5).
6. The method of measuring ultra-deep resistivity of claim 1, wherein: after the inversion of the results of the formation resistivity in step a6, the raw measurement data and the intermediate data are compressed and packed with the final conversion result.
7. The method of measuring ultra-deep resistivity of claim 1, wherein: the specific process of uploading the data of the step a7 is as follows:
the measurement control module (3) packs the measured original data and the processed data and uploads the packed original data and the processed data to the FLASH of the main control storage module (4) through an internal 485 bus for storage, after the data uploading and storage are completed, the step A4 is entered again, the main control storage module (4) continues to send a measurement starting command to the measurement control module (3), and the measuring device executes the next measurement period until the central control sends a measurement stopping command to the main control storage board to stop measuring.
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