CN112126738A - Blowing method of low-temperature low-silicon molten iron of converter - Google Patents
Blowing method of low-temperature low-silicon molten iron of converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112126738A CN112126738A CN201910547370.XA CN201910547370A CN112126738A CN 112126738 A CN112126738 A CN 112126738A CN 201910547370 A CN201910547370 A CN 201910547370A CN 112126738 A CN112126738 A CN 112126738A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blowing method of converter low-temperature low-silicon molten iron, which mainly solves the technical problems of high cost and low converter productivity of producing molten steel by using low-temperature low-silicon molten iron in the existing converter. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a blowing method of low-temperature low-silicon molten iron of a converter comprises the following steps: adding metal main materials into a converter, and performing top-bottom composite smelting by using the converter; in the earlier stage of smelting of the converter, controlling oxygen blowing amount to be 25-35% of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting furnace by mass percent; in the middle stage of smelting in the converter, controlling oxygen blowing amount to be 55-60% of the total oxygen supply mass percentage of the smelting furnace; in the later stage of smelting in the converter, controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 10-15% of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting furnace; slag is left in the converter; and (4) splashing slag and protecting the converter. The method has stable process, adopts low-temperature low-silicon molten iron to smelt the molten steel, reduces the production cost of the molten steel, and improves the productivity of the converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for smelting molten steel by a converter, in particular to a method for blowing low-temperature low-silicon molten iron by the converter, and specifically relates to a steelmaking method for controlling the mass percentage of silicon in the molten iron to be 0.05-0.20%, the temperature of the molten iron to be less than or equal to 1200 ℃ and the consumption of the molten iron to be 82-87%, belonging to the technical field of oxygen converter steelmaking.
Background
The low-heat value molten iron is molten iron with low silicon content and low temperature, and generally specifically means that the silicon content of the molten iron is 0.05-0.2%, and the temperature is less than or equal to 1200 ℃. When the converter smelts low-heat-value molten iron, slag melting is difficult, firstly, the slag-gold interface reaction is prevented from proceeding, and the component control of the molten steel is not facilitated; secondly, the heat preservation effect of the molten pool is deteriorated, the heat dissipation capacity of the molten pool is increased, and the control of the end point temperature is not facilitated; thirdly, the slag is seriously dried back in the middle stage of blowing, the steel sticking tendency of the oxygen lance is aggravated, and the production stability is influenced. With the reduction of the price of the scrap steel and the increase of the environmental protection pressure, the improvement of the scrap steel ratio of the converter becomes an important development trend, so that the smelting difficulty of the molten iron with low heat value is further increased.
Documents relating to blowing of low-silicon molten iron, for example, chinese patent application publication No. CN104711388A, discloses a method for blowing low-silicon molten iron using SiO2The iron ore with the content of more than 15 percent is used as a supplementary silicon source, and the position of the oxygen lance is adjusted, so that the problem of slagging is solved.
The application publication No. CN103555878A discloses a safe and efficient low-silicon molten iron blowing process, which solves the problem of slagging of molten iron with silicon content of 0.07-0.2% and temperature of 1290-1310 ℃ by adjusting the position of an oxygen lance and the flow of oxygen.
The application publication number CN103388043A discloses a converter low-silicon smelting method, and solves the problems that slag is not melted and the slag amount is small and the slag is easy to return to dryness by adding serpentine in the early stage of smelting.
The Chinese patent application publication No. CN101117651A discloses a blowing method of converter low-silicon molten iron, which solves the smelting problem of molten iron with silicon content of 0.1-0.3% by adjusting the lance position of an oxygen lance, the amount of slag charge and adding a carbonaceous exothermic agent and synthetic slag.
For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN103266196A discloses a method for producing carbon steel from low-temperature low-silicon molten iron for a 90-ton converter, which mainly adjusts the scrap ratio according to the molten iron temperature and silicon content, and solves the problem of smelting molten iron with silicon content less than 0.25% and temperature less than 1200 ℃.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN102776313A discloses a method for smelting high phosphorus steel in a converter using low-temperature low-silicon molten iron, which on one hand adjusts the scrap ratio according to the molten iron temperature and silicon content, and on the other hand reduces the dephosphorization rate of the converter by reducing the use of slag-forming materials.
With the limited coal usage of iron and steel enterprises, the blast furnace molten iron production is significantly affected. In order to improve the competitiveness, steel enterprises need to further reduce the consumption of molten iron of ton steel.
In the prior art, when smelting low-heat-value molten iron, firstly, the heat of a converter is often increased by reducing the consumption of scrap steel; secondly, SiO-containing is added2The ore or the synthetic slag can improve the slag melting effect. The scrap ratio is further reduced due to the cooling effect of the ore or synthetic slag. The converter scrap ratio of the low-heat-value molten iron is generally lower than 10%. The low-heat value molten iron is an abnormal smelting condition of the converter, but cannot be avoided. When the ratio of the converter scrap is gradually increased, the smelting of molten iron with low calorific value becomes a key technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a converter low-temperature low-silicon molten iron blowing method, which mainly solves the technical problems of high cost and low converter productivity of molten steel production by using low-temperature low-silicon molten iron of the existing converter; according to the method, the mass percentage of silicon in the molten iron is 0.05-0.20%, the temperature of the molten iron is less than or equal to 1200 ℃, and the consumption of the molten iron is controlled to be 82-87%.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the blowing method of the converter low-temperature low-silicon molten iron comprises the following steps:
1) adding metal main materials into a converter, and performing composite smelting by adopting the top and the bottom of the converter, wherein the raw materials added with the metal main materials comprise 82-87% of molten iron and the balance of light scrap steel by mass percent; the molten iron chemical composition has WP 0.07-0.12 wt%, W Si 0.05-0.20 wt% and molten iron temperature not higher than 1200 deg.c;
2) in the earlier stage of smelting of the converter, controlling oxygen blowing amount to be 25-35% of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting furnace by mass percent; the oxygen supply intensity is 3.2-3.6 Nm3V (min. t); the oxygen lance is controlled by a low lance position, and the low lance position of the oxygen lance is as follows: h0+H0*(0.01～0.13)，H0Is the height of the liquid level of the steel in the converter; the converter slagging auxiliary materials are metallurgical quick lime and light-burned dolomite, and the metallurgical quick lime is addedThe amount of the light-burned dolomite is 20-35 kg/t steel, and the addition amount of the light-burned dolomite is 10-15 kg/t steel; adding ferrosilicon before oxygen is introduced into the oxygen lance for ignition; when an oxygen lance is charged with oxygen for ignition, 1/2-2/3 of the total mass of metallurgical quick lime and all light-burned dolomite are added; when the oxygen blowing amount is 20-25% of the total oxygen supply mass percentage of the smelting furnace, adding the rest metallurgical quicklime;
3) in the middle stage of smelting in the converter, controlling oxygen blowing amount to be 55-60% of the total oxygen supply mass percentage of the smelting furnace; the oxygen supply intensity is 2.9-3.2 Nm3V (min. t); the oxygen lance adopts reference lance position control, and the reference lance position of the oxygen lance is H0+H0*(0.14～0.26)，H0Is the height of the liquid level of the steel in the converter; measuring the temperature of the semi-steel molten steel when the oxygen blowing amount is 35-40 mass percent of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting furnace; adding coke into the semisteel molten steel for temperature compensation, wherein the adding amount of the coke is determined according to the difference value of the target temperature of the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter and the temperature of the semisteel molten steel;
4) in the later stage of smelting in the converter, controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 10-15% of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting furnace; the oxygen supply intensity is 3.2-3.6 Nm3V (min. t); the oxygen lance is controlled by a low lance position, and the low lance position of the oxygen lance is as follows: h0+H0*(0.01～0.13)，H0Is the height of the liquid level of the steel in the converter; sampling and detecting w [ C ] in molten steel at converter blowing terminal point]And the temperature of molten steel, and detecting w [ C ] in the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter]When the temperature of the molten steel at the converter blowing end point is 0.040-0.10 percent and the temperature of the molten steel at the converter blowing end point is 1620-1650 ℃, the converter blowing is finished; tapping after converter blowing is finished;
5) slag is remained in the converter, and the slag is remained after the steel is discharged from the converter, wherein the slag remaining amount is 20-40 kg/t steel;
6) and (3) carrying out slag splashing protection on the converter, wherein the operation time of the slag splashing protection on the converter is 3.0-4.0 min.
Repeating the steps of the invention and starting the smelting of the next furnace of molten steel.
Further, the light-burned dolomite comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 54-60% of CaO, 32-38% of MgO, not more than 4% of SiO2, and not more than 8% of burning loss.
The ferrosilicon comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 74-80% of Si, 16-24% of Fe, 0.5-2.5% of Al and 0.5-3% of the rest, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%; the grain size of the ferrosilicon is 20-50 mm.
The addition amount of the ferrosilicon is as follows: ((0.3-0.45) -w [ Si ])/0.077 in kg/t steel; and w [ Si ] is the mass percentage content of silicon in the molten iron fed into the converter, and the unit is%.
The coke is added from a converter high-level storage bin, and the coke comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 85-93% of C, 10-12% of ash, and H21-6% of O, 0.2-0.7% of S, and the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%; the particle size of the coke is 20-50 mm; the strength CSR of the coke after reaction is 65-70%, and the drum strength DI of the coke15Is 86-88%.
The coke addition is as follows: max [ (T)Terminal point-TSemisteel-250)/4.8,0]In kg/t steel; t isTerminal pointThe target temperature of the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter is expressed in unit; t isSemisteelThe temperature of the semi-steel molten steel is shown in the unit of ℃.
The coke charge was calculated according to the applicant's following study: blowing semi-steel molten steel of the converter to a terminal point, wherein the temperature of the molten steel is increased by about 250 ℃; when coke is added in the early stage of converter blowing, 1kg of coke per ton of steel can be heated to 4.6-5.0 ℃ and the average temperature is 4.8 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention is based on the following research tests of the applicant: by adding ferrosilicon before blowing and igniting in the converter, the silicon content in the molten iron is increased to 0.3-0.45 percent, and the silicon content in the conventional molten iron is reached. Slag retention operation and ferrosilicon addition are adopted, early-stage slag melting is accelerated, foam slag formation is facilitated, and slag-gold interface reaction is guaranteed. And the low lance position operation is used in the early stage of converting to accelerate the temperature rise of the molten pool.
In the middle stage of converter smelting, when the oxygen blowing amount is 35-40% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass, the w [ C ] in the semisteel molten steel is 2.4-3.2%, the carbon content does not reach saturation, and coke is added at the moment, so that the carbon easily enters the semisteel molten steel, and the stability of the heating efficiency of the coke is favorably improved. Meanwhile, the adding amount of the coke is determined according to the temperature of the semi-steel molten steel, so that the accurate control of the heat of the converter is facilitated, and the smelting operation is facilitated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects: 1. the invention solves the contradiction between the low heat value molten iron and the high scrap ratio in the existing converter smelting, and provides the steelmaking method, wherein the scrap ratio of the converter reaches 13-18% when the molten iron with the silicon content of 0.05-0.2% and the temperature of less than or equal to 1200 ℃ is smelted. 2. The method has stable process, improves the silicon content in the molten iron to 0.30-0.45 percent, reaches the silicon content level of the conventional molten iron, and is beneficial to converter slagging and early-stage temperature rise control; meanwhile, coke is added in the middle stage of smelting in the converter, so that the stability of the heating efficiency of the coke is improved, and the temperature of the converter is utilized for control.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not limitative of the scope of the present invention.
In examples 1 to 4 of the present invention, 150 tons of top-bottom combined blown converter was used to smelt SPHC steel.
The slag retention per ton of steel in the converter of the previous heat in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention was 32kg, 34kg, 24kg and 25kg, respectively.
TABLE 1 parameters of the converter for smelting metal materials in the examples of the present invention
TABLE 2 auxiliary slag-making materials and exothermic agent parameters of the converter of the embodiment of the present invention
TABLE 3 oxygen supply intensity and lance position control parameters in the converter smelting process of the embodiment of the invention
TABLE 4 converter smelting end point index and end point molten steel control parameter of the embodiment of the invention
In examples 1 to 4 of the present invention, when the silicon content in molten iron is 0.15%, 0.13%, 0.16%, and 0.18%, and the temperature of molten iron is 1196, 1162, 1124, and 1180 ℃, respectively, the converter scrap ratio can be respectively 15.4%, 13.8%, and 17.6% by adding ferrosilicon before the blowing ignition, with the use amounts of 2.6, 2.9, 3.4, and 2.6kg per ton of steel, and adding coke after the completion of the siliconization in the molten pool, with the use amounts of 2.1, 2.7, 5.8, and 6.8kg per ton of steel. The converter smelting process avoids high lance position operation, the blowing is stable, and the composition and the temperature of the molten steel at the end point of the converter are well controlled. The method realizes the steelmaking method that the converter scrap ratio reaches 13-18% when the converter smelts the molten iron with the silicon content of 0.05-0.2% and the temperature of less than or equal to 1200 ℃.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A blowing method of low-temperature low-silicon molten iron of a converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding metal main materials into a converter, and performing composite smelting by adopting the top and the bottom of the converter, wherein the raw materials added with the metal main materials comprise 82-87% of molten iron and the balance of light scrap steel by mass percent; the molten iron chemical composition has WP 0.07-0.12 wt%, W Si 0.05-0.20 wt% and molten iron temperature not higher than 1200 deg.c;
2) in the earlier stage of smelting of the converter, controlling oxygen blowing amount to be 25-35% of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting furnace by mass percent; the oxygen supply intensity is 3.2-3.6 Nm3V (min. t); the oxygen lance is controlled by a low lance position, and the low lance position of the oxygen lance is as follows: h0+H0*(0.01～0.13)，H0Is the height of the liquid level of the steel in the converter; the converter slagging auxiliary materials comprise metallurgical quick lime and light-burned dolomite, the addition amount of the metallurgical quick lime is 20-35 kg/t steel, and the addition amount of the light-burned dolomite is 10-15 kg/t steel; adding ferrosilicon before oxygen is introduced into the oxygen lance for ignition; in thatWhen an oxygen lance is charged with oxygen and ignited, 1/2-2/3 of the total mass of metallurgical quick lime and all light-burned dolomite are added; when the oxygen blowing amount is 20-25% of the total oxygen supply mass percentage of the smelting furnace, adding the rest metallurgical quicklime;
3) in the middle stage of smelting in the converter, controlling oxygen blowing amount to be 55-60% of the total oxygen supply mass percentage of the smelting furnace; the oxygen supply intensity is 2.9-3.2 Nm3V (min. t); the oxygen lance adopts reference lance position control, and the reference lance position of the oxygen lance is H0+H0*(0.14～0.26)，H0Is the height of the liquid level of the steel in the converter; measuring the temperature of the semi-steel molten steel when the oxygen blowing amount is 35-40 mass percent of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting furnace; adding coke into the semisteel molten steel for temperature compensation, wherein the adding amount of the coke is determined according to the difference value of the target temperature of the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter and the temperature of the semisteel molten steel;
4) in the later stage of smelting in the converter, controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 10-15% of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting furnace; the oxygen supply intensity is 3.2-3.6 Nm3V (min. t); the oxygen lance is controlled by a low lance position, and the low lance position of the oxygen lance is as follows: h0+H0*(0.01～0.13)，H0Is the height of the liquid level of the steel in the converter; sampling and detecting w [ C ] in molten steel at converter blowing terminal point]And the temperature of molten steel, and detecting w [ C ] in the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter]When the temperature of the molten steel at the converter blowing end point is 0.040-0.10 percent and the temperature of the molten steel at the converter blowing end point is 1620-1650 ℃, the converter blowing is finished; tapping after converter blowing is finished;
5) slag is remained in the converter, and the slag is remained after the steel is discharged from the converter, wherein the slag remaining amount is 20-40 kg/t steel;
6) and (3) carrying out slag splashing protection on the converter, wherein the operation time of the slag splashing protection on the converter is 3.0-4.0 min.
2. The blowing method of converter low-temperature low-silicon molten iron according to claim 1, wherein the light-burned dolomite comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 54-60% of CaO, 32-38% of MgO, not more than 4% of SiO2, and not more than 8% of burning loss.
3. The method for converting low-temperature low-silicon molten iron of a converter according to claim 1, wherein the ferrosilicon is added in an amount of: ((0.3-0.45) -w [ Si ])/0.077 in kg/t steel; and w [ Si ] is the mass percentage content of silicon in the molten iron fed into the converter, and the unit is%.
4. The blowing method of low-temperature low-silicon molten iron of a converter according to claim 1, wherein the ferrosilicon comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 74-80% of Si, 16-24% of Fe, 0.5-2.5% of Al and 0.5-3% of the rest, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%; the grain size of the ferrosilicon is 20-50 mm.
5. The method for blowing the low-temperature and low-silicon molten iron of the converter according to claim 1, wherein the coke is added from a high-level storage bin of the converter, and the addition amount of the coke is as follows: max [ (T)Terminal point-TSemisteel-250)/4.8,0]In kg/t steel; t isTerminal pointThe target temperature of the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter is expressed in unit; t isSemisteelThe temperature of the semi-steel molten steel is shown in the unit of ℃.
6. The method for converting the low-temperature low-silicon molten iron of the converter according to claim 1, wherein the coke comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 85-93% of C, 10-12% of ash, and H21-6% of O, 0.2-0.7% of S, and the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%; the particle size of the coke is 20-50 mm; the strength CSR of the coke after reaction is 65-70%, and the drum strength DI of the coke15Is 86-88%.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115287389A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-04 | 山东莱钢永锋钢铁有限公司 | Converter less-slag smelting method |
| CN115522011A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-27 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for improving smelting heat balance of converter by adjusting adding time of temperature raising agent coke of converter |
| CN115704055A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-17 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for smelting molten steel by converter with large scrap steel ratio |
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| CN105842065A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2016-08-10 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating after-reaction strength of metallurgical coke |
| CN105861775A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-08-17 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Smelting process method of high-nickel-content ultra-low-phosphorus steel |
| CN106148631A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-11-23 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of method of converter smelting low-sulfur ultralow nitrogen molten steel |
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| JPS60169506A (en) * | 1984-02-13 | 1985-09-03 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Converter steel making method using metallic oxide |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115704055A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-17 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for smelting molten steel by converter with large scrap steel ratio |
| CN115287389A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-04 | 山东莱钢永锋钢铁有限公司 | Converter less-slag smelting method |
| CN115287389B (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-04-09 | 山东莱钢永锋钢铁有限公司 | Smelting method for converter with less slag |
| CN115522011A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-27 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for improving smelting heat balance of converter by adjusting adding time of temperature raising agent coke of converter |
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