CN112125609A - 一种深热井巷热害隔离材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种深热井巷热害隔离材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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- C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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- C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
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- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种深热井巷热害隔离材料及其制备方法，属于矿井围岩热害控制和建筑热环境领域。其包括如下重量份数的组分，改性粉煤灰0‑300，水泥100‑800，中粗砂500‑900，水300‑600，有机纤维10‑15，早强剂5‑15，复配发泡剂3‑15，添加剂5‑10。本发明选用了经物理活化和化学激发的改性粉煤灰，使粉煤灰中更多的活性火山灰能够参与水化反应，有效节省了高标号水泥用量，改善了拌和物的和易性，减少水化热、热膨胀性，提高抗压和抗渗能力；本发明选用了有机纤维和添加剂，增强了抗折强度、可变形性，可有效抑制收缩开裂；经测定其导热系数为0.08‑0.18W/(m·K)，具备了优良的热害阻隔能力；本发明配方简单，稳泡时间长，导热系数低，适用于井下巷道保温隔热、外墙保温以及制作非承重墙体。
Description
技术领域
本发明可用于深热井巷围岩隔热和外墙保温，以达到热害控制和节能减排之目的，属于矿井围岩热害控制和建筑热环境技术领域，特别是一种深热井巷热害隔离材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
深热矿井的高温热环境危害主要有：① 严重侵害矿工身心健康；② 降低劳动生产率；③ 影响企业安全生产。随着矿井开采深度的增加，热害愈发严重，这其中围岩传热是巷道热害的主要成因之一。在巷道掘进期间且通风系统还没有形成回路的情况下，除了机械制冷降温措施外，如何有效隔断或者延缓巷道围岩传热是防控井巷热害急需克服的难题。
检索本领域文献，发现已有不少研究者开展了隔热材料研究。如，授权公告号为CN110105026A的中国专利，提供了一种粉煤灰高强泡沫混凝土配方，但其仅适用于地面建筑的外墙保温及隔墙，用于深热井巷热害防治时，材料配方的抗压、抗折强度无法满足相应要求。公开号为CN102199044A的中国专利，提供了一种复合纤维增强泡沫混凝土，以期改善泡沫混凝土的收缩开裂现象，但作用有限。现有的井下隔热材料多采用泡沫玻璃、泡沫铝、泡沫陶瓷等，其隔热阻燃材料价格高，制作能耗高，寿命周期短。膨胀珍珠岩等颗粒状松散保温材料吸水率高，松散不易使用。尤其是应用于深井围岩时，上述材料抗压、抗折强度低，很容易压裂破碎，形成裂隙通道，降低甚至起不到隔热效果。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种深热井巷热害隔离材料，应用于矿井围岩热害控制和建筑热环境领域；目的在于提高其抗折强度和抗收缩开裂能力，更主要的是进一步降低导热系数，提高热害阻隔能力。同时基于低碳、绿色发展理念，遴选新型泡沫混凝土隔热材料的原料时，选择工业废弃物——粉煤灰作为主要成分之一。
为达到上述目的，本发明是按照以下技术方案实施的：
一种深热井巷热害隔离材料，包括如下重量份数的组分，改性粉煤灰0-300，水泥100-800，中粗砂500-900，水300-600，有机纤维10-15，早强剂5-15，复配发泡剂3-15，添加剂5-10；
作为优选，所述改性粉煤灰经物理活化和化学激发的粉煤灰，所述物理活化为：采用气流磨对粉煤灰进行超细加工以改变其表面结构、颗粒组成，经超细加工的粉煤灰粒径D95在7.0 μm之内，所述化学激发为添加自配的粉煤灰活性剂，所述粉煤灰活性剂包括碱性部分、增铝成分和增钙成分，所述碱性部分使用Ca(OH)2，所述增铝成分为Al2O3，所述增钙成分为CaSO4；所述粉煤灰为符合《硅酸盐建筑制品用粉煤灰》中I级或II级的粉煤灰，使用物理活化和化学激发剂对粉煤灰激发，利用扫描电镜测试激发前后粉煤灰的微观形貌，发现激发后粉煤灰中的硬质玻璃体被侵蚀，使得更多的活性火山灰能够参与混凝土的水化反应，提高了其抗压强度；
作为优选，所述复配发泡剂由以下质量百分比的成分组成：表面活性剂53%、稳定剂7%、蛋白活性剂37%、增黏剂3%；
作为优选，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠，所述蛋白活性剂为动物蛋白发泡剂，所述稳定剂为硅酮酰胺，所述增黏剂为羧甲基纤维素钠；
作为优选，所述添加剂为可再分散性乳胶粉，所述可再分散性乳胶粉的平均粒径为80μm，PH值为6-8，表观密度为400-600 kg/m3，50%水溶液粘度为0.5-2.0 Pa·s；可再分散性乳胶粉有效提升了热害隔离材料的抗弯折强度，提高可变形性，增加材料密实度，减少材料吸水性；
作为优选，所述有机纤维为聚丙烯纤维，所述聚丙烯纤维的长度为3-9mm，抗拉强度为500 Mpa以上，断裂伸长为15－25%，弹性模量>3500 Mpa；纤维均匀分散，无并丝缠绕，可直接加入混凝土搅拌；低模量的有机纤维，明显抑制了收缩开裂现象，并显著提高了热害隔离材料的抗折强度。与其它纤维改性相比，降低了生产成本，扩大了热害隔离材料的应用范围。
作为优选，所述早强剂为二水片状氯化钙，所述二水片状氯化钙中氯化钙含量≥75%，PH值为9.75，碱度Ca (OH)2含量≤0.1%，水不溶物≤0.1%，总镁MgCl2≤0.3%，硫酸盐CaSO4≤0.026%；
作为优选，所述水泥为强度等级为42.5的硅酸盐水泥，所述水泥的PH值≤10.5，凝结时间：初凝不早于25min，终凝不迟于180min，抗压强度1d可达30.0 MPa，3d可达42.5 MPa；
一种深热井巷热害隔离材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步，分别量取如下重量份数的组分，改性粉煤灰0-300，硅酸盐水泥100-800，中粗砂500-900，有机纤维10-15，添加剂5-10，早强剂5-15，水300-600，复配发泡剂3-15；
第二步，按第一步的重量份数将改性粉煤灰、水泥、中粗砂放入混凝土拌和机内置的容器内进行预搅拌，然后将有机纤维和添加剂加入拌和机的容器内，将材料搅拌至混合物均匀；
第三步，按质量份数将早强剂与水充分混合，然后倒入第二步的容器内，启动拌和机充分拌合成水泥砂浆；
第四步，将复配发泡剂倒入发泡机中，通过发泡机将复配发泡剂变成大量稳定的泡沫，产生的泡沫分两次直接加入拌和机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后测量材料容重并浇筑成型或涂装成型，标准养护28d。
与现有技术相比，本发明的深热井巷热害隔离材料及制备方法具备以下有益效果：
1、本发明选用了工业废弃物粉煤灰，一方面属于工业废弃物再利用，利于环保；另一方面有效节省了高标号水泥用量，减少了用水量，改善了拌和物的和易性，减少水化热、热膨胀性，提高抗渗能力，其中粉煤灰经物理活化和化学激发改性，利用扫描电镜测试激发前后粉煤灰的微观形貌，发现激发后粉煤灰中的硬质玻璃体被侵蚀，使得更多的活性火山灰能够参与混凝土的水化反应，提高了其抗压强度。
2、本发明选用了可再分散性乳胶粉，有效提升了热害隔离材料的抗弯折强度，提高可变形性，增加材料密实度，减少材料吸水性。
3、本发明选用了低模量的有机纤维，明显抑制了收缩开裂现象，并显著提高了热害隔离材料的抗折强度。与其它纤维改性相比，降低了生产成本，扩大了热害隔离材料的应用范围。
4、本发明的复配发泡剂所制取的泡沫稳定、均匀，其液膜坚韧，机械强度好，不易在浆体挤压下破灭或过度变形，长时间的不破灭，利于形成互不相连的闭孔，泡沫的泡径在0.1~1 mm之间，孔径均匀；对水泥砂浆的负作用小：无机胶凝材料是无机发泡材料强度的主要来源，该复配发泡剂所制取的泡沫加入水泥砂浆后，不会降低无机发泡材料的强度。
5、本发明的制备热害隔离材料的配方简单，工作性好，稳泡时间长，质量轻，导热系数低，适用于井下巷道保温隔热、外墙保温以及制作非承重墙。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述，在此发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明，但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
第一步，按质量份数称量300公斤改性粉煤灰，700公斤普通硅酸盐水泥，900公斤中粗砂，10公斤聚丙烯纤维(有机纤维)，10公斤添加剂，15公斤早强剂CaCl2，450公斤水，6公斤复配发泡剂；
第二步，按第一步的重量份数将改性粉煤灰、普通硅酸盐水泥、中粗砂放入混凝土拌和机内置的容器内进行预搅拌，然后将有机纤维和添加剂加入拌和机的容器内，将材料搅拌至混合物均匀；本实施例中的粉煤灰采用符合《硅酸盐建筑制品用粉煤灰》中I级或II级粉煤灰，为达到同等类型泡沫混凝土材料的抗压强度，使用物理活化和化学激发剂对粉煤灰进行改性；本实施例中物理活化，采用耐驰机械仪器有限公司生产的气流磨对粉煤灰进行超细加工以改变其表面结构、颗粒组成，破坏粉煤灰内微球体间的粘连，使得粉煤灰内微球体表面缺陷增多，继而提高了增加其早期活性。粉煤灰粒径D95都在7.0 μm之内。化学激发，采用自配的粉煤灰活性激发剂, 主要由碱性成分（Ca(OH)2）、增铝成分（Al2O3）、增钙成分（CaSO4）复配而成。经过物理活化—化学激发协同增效的粉煤灰水泥 28天抗压强度显著提高，可提高一个标号，以粉煤灰替换部分水泥的用量，早期强度也可达42.5普通硅酸盐水泥的标准。本实施例中的水泥为唐山市奥顺水泥有限公司生产的强度等级为42.5的普通硅酸盐水泥，水泥的PH值≤10.5，凝结时间：初凝不早于25min，终凝不迟于180min，抗压强度1d可达30.0 MPa，3d可达42.5 MPa；本实施例中的砂为安阳鑫神海经贸有限公司提供的细度模数在1.6-3.7的中粗砂，平均粒径为0.35mm及以上；本实施例中的有机纤维为陕西同盛华工程科技有限公司生产的聚丙烯纤维，长度为3-9mm，抗拉强度为500 Mpa以上，断裂伸长15－25%，弹性模量>3500 Mpa，纤维均匀分散，无并丝缠绕，可直接加入混凝土搅拌；本实施例中的添加剂为晋州市鸿海纤维素有限公司生产的可再分散性乳胶粉(聚乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物)，平均粒径为80 μm，PH值为6-8，表观密度为400-600 kg/m3，50%水溶液粘度0.5-2.0 Pa·s。
第三步，按质量份数将早强剂CaCl2 与水充分混合，然后倒入第二步的容器内，启动用拌和机充分拌合成水泥砂浆；本实施例中的早强剂为采用孟州市裕林精细化工厂生产的CaCl，具体参数如下表1。
表1 二水片状氯化钙技术指标
第四步，本实施例中的复配发泡剂的基本组成如表2所示，其由十二烷基苯磺酸钠、动物蛋白发泡剂、硅酮酰胺、羧甲基纤维素钠复合而成，本实施例的十二烷基苯磺酸钠是由上海盛众精细化工有限公司生产；本实施例的动物蛋白发泡剂是由山东赞元化工科技有限公司生产；硅酮酰胺是由龙口大迈化工有限公司生产；羧甲基纤维素钠是由河南华悦化工产品有限公司生产的；该复配发泡剂的物理化学性能指标如表3所示，将上述复配发泡剂倒入空压发泡机中，通过空压机产生的高压气体将复配发泡剂稀释液变成大量稳定的泡沫，产生的泡沫分两次直接加入拌和机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后测量容重并浇筑成型，标准养护28d，制成表观密度为250-450kg/m3的热害隔离材料，抗折强度为0.15MPa-0.18 MPa，相较于未添加可再分散性乳胶粉对照组，其抗收缩开裂能力提高50%，依据GB/T10294-2008 《绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定》，测得温度在296K±1 K时，导热系数为0.08-0.12W/(m·K)。
表2 复配发泡剂的基本组成
表3 复配发泡剂的物理化学性能测试结果
实施例2
第一步，按质量份数称量200公斤改性粉煤灰，800公斤普通硅酸盐水泥，1000公斤中粗砂，15公斤聚丙烯纤维(有机纤维)，10公斤添加剂，15公斤早强剂CaCl2，500公斤水，8公斤复配发泡剂；早强剂CaCl2 15公斤与水500公斤，复配发泡剂8公斤；
第二步，按第一步的重量份数将改性粉煤灰、普通硅酸盐水泥、中粗砂放入混凝土拌和机内置的容器内进行预搅拌，然后将有机纤维和添加剂加入拌和机的容器内，将材料搅拌至混合物均匀；
第三步，按质量份数将早强剂CaCl2与水充分混合，然后倒入第二步的容器内，启动用拌和机充分拌合成水泥砂浆；
第四步，将复配发泡剂倒入空压发泡机中，通过空压机产生的高压气体将复配发泡剂稀释液变成大量稳定的泡沫，产生的泡沫分两次直接加入拌和机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后测量容重并涂装成型，标准养护28d。制成表观密度400-540kg/m3的热害隔离材料，抗折强度为0.17MPa-0.20 MPa，相较于未添加可再分散性乳胶粉对照组，其抗收缩开裂能力提高40%，依据GB/T10294-2008 《绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定》，测得温度在296K±1 K时，导热系数为0.1-0.18W/(m·K)。
测得实施例1中制备的深热井巷热害隔离材料温度在296K±1 K时，导热系数为0.08-0.12W/(m·K)，测得实施例2中制备的深热井巷热害隔离材料温度在296K±1 K时，导热系数为0.1-0.18W/(m·K)；由上述内容可以看出，本发明的深热井巷热害隔离材料导热系数仅为0.08-0.18W/(m·K)，具备了优良的热害阻隔能力。
本发明的技术方案不限于上述具体实施例的限制，凡是根据本发明的技术方案做出的技术变形，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种深热井巷热害隔离材料，其特征在于，包括如下重量份数的组分，改性粉煤灰0-300，水泥100-800，中粗砂500-900，水300-600，有机纤维10-15，早强剂5-15，复配发泡剂3-15，添加剂5-10。
2.根据权利要求1所述的深热井巷热害隔离材料，其特征在于，所述改性粉煤灰经物理活化和化学激发的粉煤灰，所述物理活化为：采用气流磨对粉煤灰进行超细加工以改变其表面结构、颗粒组成，经超细加工的粉煤灰粒径D95在7.0 μm之内，所述化学激发为添加自配的粉煤灰活性剂，所述粉煤灰活性剂包括碱性成分、增铝成分和增钙成分，所述碱性部分使用Ca(OH)2，所述增铝成分为Al2O3，所述增钙成分为CaSO4。
3.根据权利要求1所述的深热井巷热害隔离材料，其特征在于，所述复配发泡剂由以下质量百分比的成分组成：十二烷基苯磺酸钠53%、硅酮酰胺7%、动物蛋白活性剂37%、羧甲基纤维素钠3%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的深热井巷热害隔离材料，其特征在于，所述添加剂为可再分散性乳胶粉，所述可再分散性乳胶粉的平均粒径为80 μm，PH值为6-8，表观密度为400-600kg/m3，50%水溶液粘度为0.5-2.0 Pa·s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的深热井巷热害隔离材料，其特征在于，所述有机纤维为聚丙烯纤维，所述聚丙烯纤维的长度为3-9mm，抗拉强度为500 Mpa以上，断裂伸长为15－25%，弹性模量>3500 Mpa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的深热井巷热害隔离材料，其特征在于，所述早强剂为二水片状氯化钙，所述二水片状氯化钙中氯化钙含量≥75%，PH值为9.75，碱度Ca (OH)2含量≤0.1%，水不溶物≤0.1%，总镁MgCl2≤0.3%，硫酸盐CaSO4≤0.026%。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的深热井巷热害隔离材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
第一步，分别量取如下重量份数的组分，改性粉煤灰0-300，水泥100-800，中粗砂500-900，有机纤维10-15，添加剂5-10，早强剂5-15，水300-600，复配发泡剂3-15；
第二步，按第一步的重量份数将改性粉煤灰、水泥、中粗砂放入混凝土拌和机内置的容器内进行预搅拌，然后将有机纤维和添加剂加入拌和机的容器内，将材料搅拌至混合物均匀；
第三步，按质量份数将早强剂与水充分混合，然后倒入第二步的容器内，启动拌和机充分拌合成水泥砂浆；
第四步，将复配发泡剂倒入发泡机中，通过发泡机将复配发泡剂变成大量稳定的泡沫，产生的泡沫分两次直接加入拌和机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后测量材料容重并浇筑成型或涂装成型，标准养护28d。
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| CN102199044A (zh) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-09-28 | 同济大学 | 一种复合纤维增强泡沫混凝土及其制备方法 |
| CN103613299A (zh) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 柳州市圣诺科技有限公司 | 一种粉煤灰的制备方法 |
| CN107226642A (zh) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-10-03 | 汪耀 | 一种用于热害隧道施工的玄武岩纤维喷射混凝土 |
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