CN112121071A

CN112121071A - A product prepared from Ginseng radix

Info

Publication number: CN112121071A
Application number: CN202011047127.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 金永日; 李绪文; 桂明玉
Original assignee: Jilin Ruinuo Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jilin Ruinuo Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-29
Filing date: 2020-09-29
Publication date: 2020-12-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-29
Also published as: CN112121071B

Abstract

The invention relates to a product rich in rare ginsenoside, a preparation method and application. The product has high content of rare ginsenoside, and is substantially free of common ginsenoside. The preparation method is simple, does not need to use organic solvent and has no solvent residue. Also provides a rare ginsenoside composition with excellent anti-tumor effect.

Description

A product prepared from Ginseng radix

Technical Field

The invention relates to a product prepared by taking ginseng as a raw material, in particular to a ginseng product rich in rare ginsenoside.

Background

The ginseng is the dry root and rhizome of the ginseng of the panax of the Araliaceae, and the traditional commonly used rare Chinese medicinal materials in China are known as 'Baicaowang', have the advantages of mild nature, sweet taste, slight bitterness and slight temperature, have the efficacies of invigorating primordial qi, recovering pulse, relieving depletion, promoting the production of body fluid, quenching thirst, tonifying spleen, benefiting lung, calming the nerves, benefiting intelligence and the like, always occupy an extremely important position in the scientific research field and the traditional Chinese medicine market, and have considerable value in the aspects of medicine and health preservation.

The ginsenoside is a tetracyclic triterpene saponin extracted from plants (radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Ginseng radix, Notoginseng radix, etc.) of Panax of Araliaceae, rhizoma Panacis Japonici, and Vietnamese Ginseng radix. In the 60 s of the 20 th century, researches show that ginsenoside has anticancer activity, and the ginsenoside becomes a popular field for researching anticancer natural medicines. Later, the secondary metabolic derivatives of the transformed ginsenosides have stronger biological activity (Liurong: the research progress of preparing rare ginsenosides by the biotransformation technology). The secondary metabolic derivative is named as "rare ginsenoside", and the ginsenoside directly extracted from Araliaceae Panax plant is named as "prototype ginsenoside", wherein the higher content ginsenoside is named as common ginsenoside, including ginsenoside Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃Rd, etc. At present, more than 60 rare ginsenosides, including Rk, have been discovered₂、Rg₃、Rh₂、Rg₅、Rh₁、Rh₃、Rk₁And various rare ginsenosides with different anticancer activities. Research shows that the rare ginsenoside has stronger antitumor activity, and also has pharmacological activities of reducing blood pressure, improving immunity, resisting inflammation and the like. Compared with common ginsenoside, the rare ginsenoside has better pharmacological activity.

In 2000, ginsenoside Rg has been approved in China₃Ginsenoside Rh developed in our country in 2006 as a prescription drug₂The medicines are approved to be on the market, but the industrialization of the rare ginsenoside is still in the initial stage, and at present, no enterprise which can specially produce the high-purity rare ginsenoside monomer exists in China, and no enterprise which has the industrial production capacity of the rare ginsenoside exists. In the future, enterprises with the capacity of industrial production of rare ginsenoside must have the right of market speaking.

Since rare ginsenosides are secondary metabolites of ginsenosides, and the contents of them in panax plants are very low, and the artificial synthesis is difficult, so far, these rare ginsenosides can only be obtained by means of conversion of common ginsenosides, etc.

The conversion method of ginsenoside mainly comprises a chemical method, a microbiological method and an enzymatic method.

The chemical method comprises the following steps: ginsenoside-linked glycosyl groups can be cleaved when exposed to acids or bases. Under milder conditions, the glycosidic bond of ginsenoside is broken in sequence to obtain corresponding secondary ginsenoside, but if the conditions of hydrolysis reaction are too severe, for example, when strong acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is used as a reaction reagent, the sugar chain part of ginsenoside is completely hydrolyzed, and the glycosidic bond is completely broken to obtain the sapogenin and even the structure of aglycone is changed. Gu Yingying et al dissolve ginsenoside Rd in formic acid solution with pH of 2.0, heat in water bath at 60 deg.C for 5h, separate and identify ginsenoside Rd acid hydrolyzate by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and infer chemical conversion mode of ginsenoside Rd by the identification of hydrolyzate. The total saponins of caulis et folium Panacis Quinquefolii are subjected to alkaline hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide, and are subjected to ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization to obtain ginsenoside Rh with high purity₁And Rh₂。

The microbiological method comprises the following steps: microbial conversion of ginsenosides refers to the process of converting a substrate into a target product through a special metabolic pathway by using microorganisms under appropriate conditions. In recent years, the improvement of the pharmacological activity of ginsenoside by microbial transformation is more and more concernedAnd (6) note. The microbial conversion method has the advantages of simple operation, mild conditions, high conversion efficiency of the ginsenoside, no need of purifying crude enzyme, no secondary pollution and the like. The glycosyl side chain of the ginsenoside is degraded by a microbiological method, so that various rare ginsenoside monomers can be obtained. Since 1987, the microbial transformation of 89 ginsenoside monomers of natural origin has been studied. The content of rare ginsenoside in radix Panacis Quinquefolii total saponin is remarkably increased by fermenting Cailai Xiaoyu etc. with medicinal fungi, the total content of rare ginsenoside is increased by 20-150%, and various ginsenoside F₁C-K and Rg₂The content of rare ginsenoside is also obviously increased. Screening a strain of mold from Ming Yong shan et al, hydrolyzing ginsenoside Re to generate Rg₁Separating and purifying with preparative column to obtain ginsenoside Rg with purity of 81.98%₁The yield was 71.83%. Screening out TH-20 strain from soil such as coral, and simultaneously converting diol type ginsenoside and triol type ginsenoside to respectively obtain Rb₁Re and Rg₁Conversion to Rd, Rg₂And PPT. The strain CZ2 separated from orange juice can convert ginsenoside Rb₁Generating F₂And Gyp-XVII. Zelina et al, which uses radix Panacis Quinquefolii extract as substrate to carry out microbial transformation of ginsenoside, and analyzing ginsenoside Re and its fermentation product by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The result shows that the high-efficiency strain S329 can convert ginsenoside Re into ginsenoside Rh₁The conversion was 27.65%. Cui Lei et al utilize endophyte JG09 to convert ginsenoside Rb₁、Rb₂、Rc、Rd、Rg₁Respectively converted into corresponding rare ginsenoside F₂C-K and Rh₁Ginsenoside F₂And the maximum conversion of C-K can reach 94.53 percent and 66.34 percent respectively.

An enzymatic conversion method: the enzyme method has the advantages of strong specificity, mild reaction conditions, high conversion efficiency, no pollution and the like, and is considered as the most effective tool in the structural modification and metabolic research of ginsenoside. The glycosidase is used for carrying out structural modification on the sugar chain to improve the biological activity of the compound so as to meet the development of the pharmaceutical industry, and is also the focus of the current ginsenoside research. Shin et al foundThe glucoside hydrolase in the cellulolytic bacterium can hydrolyze D-glucose and L-arabinose outside the C-20 position of ginsenoside, and thus ginsenoside Rc containing L-arabinose can be converted into C-K by the enzyme. The tongqing uses a kind of snailase to convert panaxadiol group ginsenoside to prepare rare ginsenoside C-K, and the ginsenoside C-K with purity higher than 98% is obtained by silica gel column chromatography separation. Converting protopanaxatriol saponin with glycosidase to obtain rare ginsenoside F₁And Rh₁. Ginsenoside is used as a substrate and is subjected to enzymatic structure modification, so that the method is an effective way for preparing rare ginsenoside. Is prepared from ginsenoside Rb₂、Rb₃And Rc is used as a substrate, and C-3 site and C-20 site are modified to obtain rare ginsenoside Rg₃、Rh₂、F₂And PPD, and the like. The rare ginsenoside can be prepared in large scale, and the pharmacological activity of the ginsenoside is clear.

Chinese patent CN107468732A discloses a preparation method for increasing trace ginsenoside in a traditional Chinese medicine ginseng leaf extract, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of rubbing or crushing traditional Chinese medicine ginseng leaves by hands, mixing the crushed ginseng leaves with diatomite at a ratio of 5:3, placing the crushed ginseng leaves and diatomite in an extraction kettle, placing the extraction kettle in a rapid solvent extraction instrument, taking an ethanol water solution as an extraction solution, enabling the volume ratio of a mixture of the ginseng leaves and the diatomite to be 30% -80%, enabling the volume of the extraction solution to be 60% -100% of the volume of the extraction kettle, enabling the extraction temperature to be 110-200 ℃, extracting for 1-4 times, enabling the extraction time to be 1-20 minutes each time, combining the extraction solutions, shaking up, standing for 10-24 hours, taking supernate, concentrating and drying to obtain the ginseng leaf extract in a dry extract state. In the method, solvents such as diatomite, ethanol water and the like are used, so that great troubles are brought to subsequent purification and impurity removal.

The chemical method in the three ginsenoside conversion methods has the defects of difficult control of reaction conditions, complex product, environmental pollution and the like; the microbial transformation method has the defects of poor selectivity, difficult acquisition of microorganisms, incapability of applying some microorganisms to the food industry and the like; the enzyme method has the advantages of strong specificity, mild reaction conditions, high conversion efficiency, no pollution and the like, but the enzyme is very sensitive to temperature, often leads to inactivation, has higher requirements on the reaction conditions, and is difficult to realize industrial production.

Because of the difficulties in preparing rare ginsenosides, there is no ginseng product with high content of rare ginsenosides available for mass production so far.

Therefore, there is a need in the art for a simple, easy to implement, low in pollution, low in organic solvent usage, low in residue, and purely natural ginseng product preparation method that can increase the content of rare ginsenoside and improve the bioactivity of ginseng products.

Disclosure of Invention

There are many methods for processing ginseng in the prior art, and accordingly, different ginseng products can be obtained.

A method comprises collecting Ginseng radix in autumn, cleaning, and sun drying or oven drying to obtain Ginseng radix divided into garden Ginseng radix and wild Ginseng radix; another method comprises collecting Ginseng radix in autumn, cleaning, steaming, and drying to obtain Ginseng radix Rubri. These two methods are the most traditional methods for processing ginseng. As a modern processing method of ginseng, a lactobacillus fermentation method, a high-temperature steaming method and the like appear, and products such as lactobacillus fermented ginseng or 'black ginseng' and the like can be obtained correspondingly. Another kind of ginseng products is various ginseng extracts obtained by extracting fresh ginseng or the ginseng products with water, ethanol or ethanol water, recovering the solvent from the extract under reduced pressure, and drying under vacuum. The other ginseng product is ginsenoside extract obtained by extracting the ginseng product with water, filtering, adsorbing the extract with macroporous adsorption resin, eluting with ethanol, recovering solvent from the eluate under reduced pressure, and vacuum drying.

CN108079033A extracting ginsenoside with 65-80% ethanol under reflux, filtering, removing residue, and recovering solvent from the extractive solution under reduced pressure to obtain total ginsenoside; CN106727806A extracting folium Notoginseng with solvent after coarse crushing, filtering, discarding residue, recovering solvent from the extractive solution under reduced pressure to obtain folium Notoginseng total saponin, wherein the solvent is selected from water and 70% ethanol. Weighing radix Panacis Quinquefolii coarse powder in CN102772462A, adding 70% ethanol solution 6 times the amount of radix Panacis Quinquefolii coarse powder each time, heating and reflux extracting for 3 times, filtering, discarding residue, and recovering solvent from the extractive solution under reduced pressure to obtain radix Panacis Quinquefolii total saponin.

Decocting with water or extracting under reflux with organic solvent, which is the most common method for extracting and separating effective components from Chinese medicinal materials or natural medicinal materials including ginseng to obtain Chinese medicinal material or natural medicinal extract. The specific operation process is that water decoction extraction (or organic solvent reflux extraction) is carried out, filtration is carried out, medicine dregs are discarded, extracting solution is decompressed and solvent is recovered, and then vacuum drying is carried out to obtain extract. In order to obtain the best extraction conditions, factors such as an extraction solvent (water or an organic solvent), an extraction mode (soaking, heating reflux, percolation, ultrasound, supercritical), extraction times and the like are generally considered, so that the chemical components in the medicinal materials are completely extracted in the simplest and most economical mode. That is, in the research of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine and the pharmaceutical engineering of traditional Chinese medicine, decocting the medicinal materials with water (or reflux extraction by organic solvent), centrifuging, discarding the extract, and taking the residue (dregs) after decoction (or reflux extraction by organic solvent) as a new medicinal substance (product) is a infringement of the conventional affairs, while finding that more chemical components which should enter the extract are retained in the residue (dregs) is not a thing imaginable by the conventional thinking.

The researchers of the invention have engaged in the research works such as the extraction of ginsenoside, the preparation of ginsenoside standard substance and effective part, the content measurement and the bioactivity, etc. for a long time. In the research process of using ginseng as raw material and water as solvent, reflux extracting ginsenoside in the ginseng and screening the optimal extraction process parameters, the influence of the decoction time on the transfer rate of the ginsenoside is repeatedly researched. During the initial extraction process, the content of the common ginsenoside in the water liquid (extract) is gradually increased along with the increase of the decoction time, and the content of the common ginsenoside in the dregs is gradually reduced, so that the result conforming to the general rule of extraction of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicines is obtained. However, in the following research process, it is unexpectedly found that, as the heating reflux extraction time is further prolonged, the content of the common ginsenoside in the water solution (extract) does not increase or decrease, and as the decoction time is further prolonged, the content of the common ginsenoside in the water solution (extract) continuously decreases, and after the water solution (extract) is heated for a certain time, especially 48 hours, the common ginsenoside is basically not contained in the water solution (extract); meanwhile, the rare ginsenoside begins to appear in the water solution and the decoction dregs and gradually rises along with the increase of the extraction time. It was then surprisingly found that after heating for a certain period of time, in particular 48 hours, the rare ginsenoside content in the aqueous liquid began to decrease and finally disappeared, while the rare ginsenoside content in the residue continued to increase and finally reached a maximum, and then the decoction time continued to be extended, the content did not substantially increase and did not decrease, with small fluctuations around the maximum. Based on the above important findings, through a great deal of elaborate researches, the invention finds a method for preparing a new ginseng product which contains more rare ginsenosides and basically does not contain common ginsenosides by taking ginseng as a raw material. Of course, this method can be used to obtain new ginseng products (dregs) containing different proportions of common ginsenosides and rare ginsenosides. The new ginseng product can be used for producing food, health food or medicinal product with health or therapeutic effect.

The ginseng product is preferably herb residue.

The rare ginsenoside comprises 20(S) -Rg₂、20(S)-Rh₁、20(R)-Rh₁、Rg₆、F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、20(S)-Rh₂、20(R)-Rh₂、Rk₂、Rh₃The common ginsenoside comprises Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃And Rd. The product contains one or more of 15 kinds of rare ginsenoside, specifically 20(S) -Rg₂、20(S)-Rh₁、20(R)-Rh₁、Rg₆、F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、20(S)-Rh₂、20(R)-Rh₂、Rk₂、Rh₃The product is substantially free of common ginsenoside including Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃、Rd。

Preferably the total amount of rare ginsenosides is not less than 5%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11% or 12%, and the total content of common ginsenosides is not more than 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.2% or 0.1%;

preferred rare ginsenosides are Rg₃The content is not less than 3%, more preferably not less than 4% or 6%, most preferably not less than 6%.

Preferred rare ginsenosides are Rk₁And Rg₅The sum of the amounts is not less than 1%, more preferably not less than 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5%.

Preferred rare ginsenosides are Rk₆And F₄The sum of the contents is not less than 0.5%, more preferably not less than 0.6% or 0.7%.

Preferably the total content of common ginsenosides is not higher than 1%, more preferably not higher than 0.8% or 0.6%, most preferably not higher than 0.4% and 0.3%.

Preferred common ginsenoside Rc contents are not higher than 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.2% or 0.1%.

Preferred common ginsenoside Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rb₂、Rb₃Rd, more preferably not more than 0.4% or 0.3%, most preferably not more than 0.2%, 0.1% or 0.05%.

Rg described in the present invention₃、Rh₁Or Rh₂Including 20R configuration and/or 20S configuration, the ratio of 20R configuration to 20S configuration is 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1, and more preferably 1: 1.

Rg described in the present invention₃Comprises 20(S) -Rg₃And/or 20(R) -Rg₃；Rh₂Comprising 20(S) -Rh₂And/or 20(R) -Rh₂。

The application also relates to a preparation method for preparing the high-content rare ginsenoside product, which comprises any one of the following steps:

a: pulverizing Ginseng radix, adding appropriate amount of water, heating and refluxing under normal pressure for more than 48 hr, preferably 60 hr, 72 hr, 84 hr, 96 hr 108 hr or more than 120 hr, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product;

b: pulverizing Ginseng radix, adding appropriate amount of water, decocting at high temperature and high pressure for 4 hr or more, preferably 6 hr or more, 8 hr or more, 10 hr or more, 12 hr or more, 14 hr or more, 16 hr or more, 18 hr or more, 20 hr or more, 22 hr or more, 24 hr or more, 28 hr or more, 30 hr or more, 32 hr or more, 34 hr or more, 36 hr or more, 38 hr or more, 40 hr or more, 42 hr or more, 44 hr or more, 48 hr or more, or 50 hr or more, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product.

The high temperature is 100 deg.C or higher, preferably not lower than 110 deg.C, 115 deg.C, 120 deg.C, 125 deg.C, 130 deg.C, 135 deg.C, 140 deg.C, 145 deg.C or 150 deg.C.

In preparation method A, the liquid-to-feed ratio may be (30-5):1, preferably (25-8):1, more preferably (20-9):1 or (15-10):1, preferably 10: 1.

In preparation method B, the liquid-to-feed ratio may be (30-5):1, preferably (25-6):1, more preferably (20-7):1 or (10-8):1, preferably 7.5: 1.

In the preparation method A, preferably, the ginseng is first soaked in water; more preferably, the ginseng is soaked for more than 6 hours, more than 8 hours, more than 10 hours, more than 12 hours or more than 24 hours, and then heated and refluxed; meanwhile, the hot filtration is carried out after the decoction is finished, and the hot filtration is carried out immediately after the decoction is finished (close to 100 ℃).

In the preparation method B, preferably, the water is heated and then fed, preferably, the water is heated to more than 60 ℃ and then fed, and more preferably, the water is heated to more than 90 ℃ and then fed; most preferred is to heat the water to 100 ℃ before adding it. Meanwhile, the hot filtration is carried out after the decoction is finished, and the hot filtration is carried out immediately after the decoction is finished (close to 100 ℃).

20(S) -Rg in the medicine dregs₂The content range of (A) is 0.2% -0.35%; 20(S) -Rh₁The content range is 0-0.45%, preferably 0.2% -0.45%; 20(R) -Rh₁The content range is 0-0.25%, preferably 0.05% -0.25%; rg (Rg)₆The content range is 0-0.15%, preferably 0.1% -0.15%; f₄The content range is 0-0.8%, preferably 0.1% -0.7%; rk₃The content range is 0-0.2%, preferably 0.02% -0.2%; rh₄The content range is 0-0.1%, preferably 0.05% -0.35%; 20(S) -Rg₃The content range is 0.2% -4.0%, preferably 0.4% -3.8%; 20(R) -Rg₃The content range is 0.2% -3.0%, preferably 0.3% -2.8%; rk₁The content range is 0.1% -2.0%, preferably 0.2% -2.0%; rg (Rg)₅The content range is 0.2% -3.0%, preferably 0.3% -2.8%; 20(S) -Rh₂The content range is 0-0.07%; 20(R) -Rh₂The content range is 0-0.05%; rk₂The content range is 0-0.04%; rh₃The content range is 0-0.06%.

Optionally further preparing the residue into powder, decoction pieces, syrup, oral liquid, suspension, emulsion, tablet, capsule, delayed release agent, quick release agent, controlled release agent, injection, injectable powder, patch, suppository, or drop.

Optionally further extracting the residue with organic solvent or aqueous organic solvent to obtain extract with high content of rare ginsenoside.

The preferred extract contains one or more of 15 rare ginsenosides, specifically 20(S) -Rg₂、20(S)-Rh₁、20(R)-Rh₁、Rg₆、F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、20(S)-Rh₂、20(R)-Rh₂、Rk₂、Rh₃The total content of rare ginsenosides is more than 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90%. Preferably, the extract contains Rg₃(20S +20R) content of not less than 15%, not less than 18%, not less than 20% or not less than 22%;and/or Rg₅The content of (A) is not less than 5%, 6%, 8%, or 9%; and/or Rk₁The content of (A) is not less than 5% or 6%; and/or F₄The content of (A) is not less than 1%; rg (Rg)₆And F₄The sum of the contents of (A) and (B) is not less than 1.5% or 2%.

More preferably, the extract is substantially free of common ginsenosides, including Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃And Rd. The content of common ginsenoside is not higher than 10%, preferably not higher than 8%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%. More preferably, less than 0.8%, 0.6%, 0.5% or 0.1%.

20(S) -Rg in the extract₂The content range of (A) is 0.2% -1.5%; 20(S) -Rh₁The content range is 0.5% -1.6%; 20(R) -Rh₁The content range is 0.5% -0.8%; rg (Rg)₆The content range is 0.3% -0.8%; f₄The content range is 1% -2.5%; rk₃The content range is 0.5% -1.2%; rh₄The content range is 0.5% -1.6%; 20(S) -Rg₃The content range is 5% -13%; 20(R) -Rg₃The content range is 5% -12%; rk₁The content range is 5% -10%; rg (Rg)₅The content range is 6% -12%; 20(S) -Rh₂The content range is 0.1% -0.3%; 20(R) -Rh₂The content range is 0.1% -0.3%; rk₂The content range is 0.05% -0.2%; rh₃The content range is 0.1% -0.4%.

The organic solvent may be methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol, acetone or isopropanol.

The present application also provides a composition comprising rare ginsenosides, preferably the composition has synergistic anti-tumor activity.

The rare ginsenoside comprises Rg₃And Rg₅The composition of (1) to (20): (1-20), preferably (2-20): (2-20); (4-6) and (1-3); or (7-11.5) to (3.5-5).

The rare ginsenoside comprises F₄And Rh₂The composition of (1) to (100): (1-100), preferably (A)1-10): (10-100), (10-100): (1-10), (1-10): (10-1), (1-100): (1-10); most preferred is 10:1, 1:1 or 1: 10.

The rare ginsenoside contains Rh₄And Rh₂The composition of (1) to (100): (1-100), preferably (1-90): (1-90), (10-100): (1-10), (1-10): (10-1), (1-20): (1-20).

The rare ginsenoside in the composition optionally further comprises S-Rg₂、S-Rh₁、R-Rh₁、Rg₆、F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄、S-Rg₃、R-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、S-Rh₂、R-Rh₂、Rk₂、Rh₃One or more rare ginsenosides in (1).

Preferably, the composition also comprises 20(S) -Rg₂、20(S)-Rh₁、20(R)-Rh₁、Rg₆、F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、20(S)-Rh₂、20(R)-Rh₂、Rk₂And/or Rh₃。

Preferably, the composition also comprises 20(S) -Rg₂、20(S)-Rh₁、20(R)-Rh₁、Rg₆、F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、20(S)-Rh₂、20(R)-Rh₂、Rk₂、Rh₃。

Preferably, the composition is substantially free of common ginsenosides, including Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃And Rd. The content of common ginsenoside is less than 10%, preferably less than 8%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%. More preferably, less than 0.8%, 0.6%, 0.5% or 0.1%.

The application also provides a ginseng product containing any one of the compositions, preferably a product prepared by taking natural ginseng or common ginsenoside as raw materials, preferably herb residue or extract.

Preferably, the properties and parameters of the product are characterized as any one of the above.

The ginseng comprises one or more of dried or fresh ginseng root, ginseng rootlets and ginseng reed head.

The application also provides the application of the product or the composition in treating and/or preventing tumors, wherein the tumors can be lung cancer, colon cancer and glioma.

The application of any one of the products or the composition in the preparation of medicines, health-care foods or foods, in particular to the application in the foods, the health-care foods or the medicines which are known in the prior art and have the functions of reducing blood sugar, resisting fatigue and viruses, and treating diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system diseases, biological metabolism, reproductive function, immune function, renal function and other diseases; which may contain pharmaceutically or food acceptable carriers or additives.

Any of the products or compositions described above of the present application, which may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Optionally, the product or composition is administered orally, by injection or transdermally.

Optionally, the product or composition is in the form of powder, decoction pieces, syrup, oral liquid, suspension, emulsion, tablet, capsule, sustained release preparation, quick release preparation, controlled release preparation, injection, injectable powder, patch, suppository, or drop.

Drawings

FIG. 1: reacting Leptoradix Ginseng residue at 100 deg.C and Rg in water₃The content is changed;

FIG. 2: reacting Leptoradix Ginseng residue at 100 deg.C and Rg in water₃And Rh₂A change in total amount;

FIG. 3: reacting ginseng rootlets dregs and Rk in water at 100 DEG C₁And Rg₅A change in total amount;

FIG. 4: reacting Leptoradix Ginseng residue at 100 deg.C and Rg in water₆And F₄A change in total amount;

FIG. 5: reacting ginseng rootlets dregs at 100 ℃ to neutralize the total amount change of 15 rare ginsenosides in water;

FIG. 6: reacting ginseng rootlets dregs and 7 common ginsenosides in water at 100 ℃;

FIGS. 7A and 7B show the total amount of 15 rare ginsenosides in the residue at 115 deg.C and 120 deg.C, respectively;

fig. 8A and 8B are respectively: the total amount of 15 rare ginsenosides in the residue at 125 deg.C and 130 deg.C is changed;

fig. 9A and 9B are respectively: the total amount of 15 rare ginsenosides in the residue at 135 deg.C and 140 deg.C is changed;

FIG. 10 is a diagram: the total amount of 15 rare ginsenosides in the residue is changed at 145 ℃;

FIG. 11: 20(S) Rg in medicine dregs at 115 DEG C₃+20(R)Rg₃And Rg₅+Rk₁The content is changed;

FIG. 12: 20(S) Rg in the medicine dregs at 120 DEG C₃+20(R)Rg₃And Rg₅+Rk₁The content is changed;

FIG. 13: 20(S) Rg in medicine dregs at 125 DEG C₃+20(R)Rg₃And Rg₅+Rk₁The content is changed;

FIG. 14: 20(S) Rg in dregs of a decoction at 130 DEG C₃+20(R)Rg₃And Rg₅+Rk₁The content is changed;

FIG. 15: 20(S) Rg in dregs of a decoction at 135 DEG C₃+20(R)Rg₃And Rg₅+Rk₁The content is changed;

FIG. 16: 20(S) Rg in dregs of a decoction at 140 DEG C₃+20(R)Rg₃And Rg₅+Rk₁The content is changed;

FIG. 17: 20(S) Rg in medicine dregs at 145 DEG C₃+20(R)Rg₃And Rg₅+Rk₁The content was varied.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Determining the content of common ginsenoside by high performance liquid chromatography:

1. ginsenoside Rg₁、Re、Rb₂、Rb₃Determination of the content of Rd

1.1 chromatographic conditions

Octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica gel as filler (column length 250mm, inner diameter 4.6mm, particle size 5 μm), acetonitrile as mobile phase A, water as mobile phase B, gradient elution according to the following table, column temperature 25 deg.C,

the flow rate is 1ml/min, the detection wavelength is 203nm, and the sample injection amount is 20 mu L.

Time (minutes)	Mobile phase A (%)	Mobile phase B (%)
			0～35	19.5	80.5
35～35.1	19.5→20	80.5→80
			35.1～55	20	80
55～55.1	20→29	80→71
			55.1～84	29→36	27→64
84～90	36	64

1.2 preparation of control solutions:

collecting ginsenoside Rg₁Ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb₂Ginsenoside Rb₃And a proper amount of ginsenoside Rd reference substance, precisely weighing, and adding methanol to obtain a mixed standard solution with the following concentration.

Ginsenoside Rg₁The concentration is 0.201mg/ml

The ginsenoside Re concentration is 0.205mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rb₂The concentration is 0.174mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rb₃The concentration is 0.111mg/ml

The concentration of ginsenoside Rd is 0.201mg/ml

1.3 preparation of test solution:

1.3.1, herb residue

Taking 2.0g of sample (dried ginseng residue), precisely weighing, adding methanol, refluxing and extracting twice, wherein the amount of the methanol is 250ml, each time lasts for 2 hours, filtering, recovering the methanol from the filtrate under reduced pressure, and metering the volume of the residue to 100ml with the methanol.

1.3.2, water solution

Taking 25ml of water solution, adding methanol to a volume of 50ml volumetric flask.

2. Ginsenoside Rb₁Measurement of Rc content

2.1 chromatographic conditions:

a chromatographic column: XAmide column (column length 250mm, inner diameter 4.6mm, particle size 5 μm) was subjected to gradient elution with acetonitrile as mobile phase A and water as mobile phase B according to the following table. The column temperature was 25 ℃, the flow rate was 1ml/min, the detection wavelength was 203nm, and the sample volume was 20. mu.L.

Time (minutes)	Mobile phase A (%)	Mobile phase B (%)
			0～30	90→84	10→16
30～65	84	16

2.2 preparation of control solutions:

collecting ginsenoside Rb₁And a proper amount of ginsenoside Rc reference substance is precisely weighed and added with methanol to prepare a mixed standard solution with the following concentration. Ginsenoside Rb₁The concentration is 0.121mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rc concentration is 0.156mg/ml

2.3 preparation of test solution:

2.3.1, herb residue

Taking 2.0g of sample (dried ginseng residue), precisely weighing, extracting with methanol under reflux twice each for 2 hr, wherein the amount of methanol is 250ml, filtering, discarding residue, recovering methanol from filtrate under reduced pressure, and diluting residue with methanol to 100 ml.

2.3.2, water solution

High performance liquid chromatography for determining content of rare ginsenoside

1. Chromatographic conditions are as follows:

octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica (ODS) was used as a filler (column length 250mm, inner diameter 4.6mm, particle size 5 μm), acetonitrile was used as a mobile phase A, water was used as a mobile phase B, and gradient elution was performed according to the following table, with a column temperature of 25 ℃, a flow rate of 0.8ml/min, a detection wavelength of 203nm, and a sample introduction amount of 20 μ L.

Time (minutes)	Mobile phase A (%)	Mobile phase B (%)
			0～10	29	71
10～25	29→40	71→60
			25～50	40→60	60→40
50～60	60→73	40→27
			60～75	73	27

2. Preparation of control solutions:

collecting ginsenoside 20(S) -Rg₂Ginsenoside 20(S) -Rh₁And (20) ginsenoside R-Rh₁Ginsenoside Rg₆Ginsenoside F₄Ginsenoside Rk₃Ginsenoside Rh, ginsenoside Rh₄Ginsenoside 20(S))-Rg₃Ginsenoside 20(R) -Rg₃Ginsenoside Rk₁Ginsenoside Rg₅Ginsenoside 20(S) -Rh₂Ginsenoside 20(R) -Rh₂Ginsenoside Rk₂Ginsenoside Rh, ginsenoside Rh₃The appropriate amount of reference substance is precisely weighed and added with methanol to prepare mixed standard solution with the following concentration.

Ginsenoside 20(S) -Rg₂The concentration is 0.2268mg/ml

Ginsenoside 20(S) -Rh₁The concentration is 0.1792mg/ml

Ginsenoside 20(R) -Rh₁The concentration is 0.1692mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rg₆The concentration is 0.1632mg/ml

The ginsenoside F4 concentration is 0.1240mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rk₃The concentration is 0.1248mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rh₄The concentration is 0.1256mg/ml

Ginsenoside 20(S) -Rg₃The concentration is 0.1296mg/ml

Ginsenoside 20(R) -Rg₃The concentration is 0.0596mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rk₁The concentration is 0.1580mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rg₅The concentration is 0.1560mg/ml

Ginsenoside 20(S) -Rh₂The concentration is 0.1388mg/ml

Ginsenoside 20(R) -Rh₂The concentration is 0.1324mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rk₂The concentration is 0.1324mg/ml

Ginsenoside Rh₃The concentration is 0.0688mg/ml

3. Preparation of a test solution:

3.1, herb residue

Taking 3.0g of dried ginseng dregs, precisely weighing, carrying out methanol reflux extraction twice for 2 hours each time, wherein the amount of methanol is 250ml, filtering, discarding the dregs, recovering methanol from the filtrate under reduced pressure, and metering the volume of the residue to a volumetric flask of 250ml by using methanol.

3.2, water solution

Example 1: decocting Ginseng radix at 100 deg.C under normal pressure-distributing ginsenoside in water solution and residue

Weighing 1500g of ginseng rootlets as raw materials, crushing, adding 10 times of water for soaking overnight, heating and refluxing at 100 ℃ (normal pressure), and sampling and filtering respectively to obtain a water solution (liquid) and dregs, wherein the water solution (liquid) and dregs are dried to obtain dry dregs after 0 hour (before the soaking overnight begins to heat and reflux), 60min after the beginning of heating, A (90min, just begins to boil), 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 60 hours, 72 hours, 84 hours, 96 hours, 108 hours, 120 hours, 132 hours, 144 hours, 156 hours, 168 hours, 180 hours, 192 hours, 204 hours, 216 hours, 228 hours, 240 hours and 252 hours. And analyzing the contents of the rare ginsenoside and the common ginsenoside in the water solution and the medicine residue by using 15 rare ginsenosides and 7 common ginsenosides as standard substances through an HPLC method. 600g ginseng rootlets are heated and refluxed for 84 hours to obtain 201g of dry medicine dregs, and 5750ml of centrifugal water is obtained.

I. The content of ginsenoside in water varies

TABLE 1100 deg.C under normal pressure reflux for 252 hr, the content of ginsenoside changes (mg/ml, after 96 hr, 0)

Table 2100 deg.C normal pressure reflux ginseng rootlets 252 hours common ginsenoside content in herb residue (%, after 132 hours reflux all 0)

From the above table, it can be seen that, after ginseng is soaked in 10 times of water for 12 hours, the ginseng begins to be heated and decocted, and is heated to be within 4.5 hours (boiling begins for 3.0 hours), the content of the common ginsenoside in the water solution keeps rising, the content of the common ginsenoside in the water solution reaches the maximum (4.399mg/ml) after boiling for 3 hours, then the content of the common ginsenoside in the water solution begins to fall, only one common ginsenoside is detected in 84 hours, the content is only 0.05%, and no common ginsenoside is detected in 96 hours. Correspondingly, the content of the common ginsenoside in the medicine residue is gradually reduced, only 2 common ginsenosides are detected in 120 hours, only 1 common ginsenosides is detected in 132 hours, the content of the common ginsenosides can be basically ignored, and the content of the common ginsenosides in 144 hours is detected to be 0.

Table 3100 deg.C, reflux extracting ginseng rootlets under normal pressure for 252 hours, content (mg/ml) of 15 rare ginsenosides in water solution

Table 4100 deg.C content (%)% of 15 rare ginsenosides in the residue after refluxing Leptoradix Ginseng under normal pressure for 252 hr

Rare ginsenoside can not be detected in the water liquid and the dregs of a decoction of the ginseng rootlets after being soaked for one night, which indicates that the ginseng rootlets originally do not contain rare ginsenoside.

When the water solution is heated to boiling, rare ginsenoside begins to appear in the water solution, and the content of rare ginsenoside in the water solution gradually increases with the increase of the heating time until the highest content is reached at 36h (2.897 mg/ml). Then the content of rare ginsenoside in water solution begins to gradually decrease to 0.127mg/ml after 252h, and decreases to less than 5% of the peak.

Correspondingly, rare ginsenoside begins to appear in the medicine residue when the medicine residue is heated to be boiled, the content of the rare ginsenoside gradually increases to 12.431% when the medicine residue is heated to be boiled for 84h, and then the content of the rare ginsenoside shows a small fluctuation trend around the value.

Rare ginsenoside Rg₃(20(S)Rg₃+20(R)Rg₃) And Rh₂(20(S)Rh₂+20(R)Rh₂) Before refluxing for 36 hours, the content of the water solution is increased and gradually decreased after 36 hours, and after 120 hours, the content is negligibly low.

Rg in herb residues₃And Rh₂The content of (A) gradually rises, and the content can reach more than 5 percent; rg (Rg)₃And Rh₂The total content of the two components can reach more than 5 percent, and particularly after 84 hours, the sum of the two components can reach 6.3 percent at most.

In addition, Rk in rare ginsenoside₁And Rg₅The total amount can reach more than 4 percent. Rg in rare ginsenoside₆And F₄The content sum is not less than 0.5 percent and can reach more than 0.6 percent or 0.7 percent.

In order to maximally enrich the rare ginsenoside in the medicine residues, reduce the loss of the rare ginsenoside in water liquid and shorten the preparation time, the ginseng fibrous root decoction takes ginseng rootlets as raw materials and carries out a high-temperature high-pressure decoction experiment.

Example 2: high-temperature high-pressure decoction of Leptoradix Ginseng, distribution of ginsenoside in water solution and residue

Taking Leptoradix Ginseng as raw material, weighing 1000 g Leptoradix Ginseng, pulverizing, adding 7.5 times of water, decocting at high temperature and high pressure, sampling at a certain time interval from 0 hr (the temperature in the kettle reaches the set temperature), filtering to obtain residue and water solution, and oven drying the residue to obtain dry residue. Analyzing the contents of rare ginsenoside and common ginsenoside in water solution and residue by HPLC.

The temperature is respectively designed to be 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃ and 145 ℃, the liquid-material ratio is designed to be 5:1, 7:1 and 10:1, and orthogonal tests are carried out to screen the optimal preparation process.

Compared with the high-temperature high-pressure decoction and the normal-pressure reflux at 100 ℃, the change rule of common ginsenoside and rare ginsenoside in the water liquid and the decoction dregs is basically consistent, and the content of the rare ginsenoside in the prepared decoction dregs is basically the same, but the high-temperature high-pressure decoction has the advantage of greatly shortening the preparation time compared with the normal-pressure reflux.

Experiments show that Rg in medicine dregs under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure₃The content of Rg in the medicine residue is more than 5%, especially when the temperature is 125-140 deg.C, the liquid-material ratio is (6-9):1₃The content of (A) can reach more than 6%. After a period of decoction, the contents of the common ginsenoside in the dregs and the water are both 0.

The following data were collated and analyzed for experimental data at 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃ and 145 ℃ (all liquid-to-material ratios were 7.5: 1).

Table 5: the contents of 7 common ginsenosides in ginseng rootlet dregs decocted at the high temperature and the high pressure of 115%

	2h	4h	6h	8h	12h	16h	20h	24h	28h	32h	36h	40h	44h	48h	52h
																Rg₁	0.061	0.042	0.028	0.015	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Re	0.273	0.181	0.112	0.058	0.017	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
																Rb₁	1.168	0.972	0.915	0.738	0.470	0.170	0.085	0.049	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Rc	0.955	0.802	0.734	0.588	0.346	0.147	0.065	0.027	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
																Rb₂	0.618	0.511	0.477	0.397	0.290	0.097	0.051	0.031	0.010	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Rb₃	0.093	0.076	0.070	0.057	0.043	0.014	0.007	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
																Rd	0.547	0.498	0.492	0.448	0.402	0.212	0.174	0.161	0.105	0.068	0.036	0.027	0.000	0.000	0.000
Total amount (%)	3.715	3.082	2.828	2.301	1.571	0.640	0.382	0.268	0.115	0.072	0.036	0.027	0.000	0.000	0.000

Table 6: decocting Leptoradix Ginseng at 115 deg.C under high temperature and high pressure to obtain 7 common ginsenoside contents (mg/ml, 4 hr, 8 hr and 48 hr for three time points)

	4h	8h	48h
				Rg₁	0.138	0.048	0.000
Re	0.508	0.175	0.000
				Rb₁	1.543	1.031	0.000
Rc	1.276	0.807	0.000
				Rb₂	0.829	0.540	0.000
Rb₃	0.122	0.084	0.000
				Rd	0.694	0.530	0.000
Total amount (mg/ml)	5.110	3.215	0.000

Table 7115 ℃ high temperature high pressure decoction of 15 rare ginsenosides in Leptoradix Ginseng residue (%)

	2h	4h	6h	8h	12h	16h	20h	24h	28h	32h	36h	40h	44h	48h	52h
																S-Rg₂	0.183	0.233	0.282	0.307	0.338	0.281	0.298	0.314	0.320	0.324	0.298	0.357	0.219	0.235	0.169
S-Rh₁	0.405	0.407	0.432	0.421	0.404	0.279	0.280	0.304	0.321	0.345	0.342	0.445	0.316	0.360	0.288
																R-Rh₁	0.025	0.034	0.038	0.048	0.068	0.063	0.081	0.096	0.112	0.131	0.140	0.203	0.184	0.225	0.199
Rg₆	0.029	0.047	0.063	0.074	0.091	0.074	0.089	0.105	0.123	0.138	0.132	0.166	0.124	0.136	0.118
																F₄	0.063	0.099	0.134	0.157	0.204	0.175	0.213	0.262	0.324	0.373	0.393	0.561	0.417	0.514	0.428
Rk₃	0.016	0.022	0.029	0.034	0.042	0.040	0.050	0.062	0.079	0.095	0.105	0.159	0.149	0.179	0.158
																Rh₄	0.025	0.033	0.044	0.050	0.067	0.063	0.079	0.096	0.127	0.155	0.172	0.268	0.235	0.308	0.279
S-Rg₃	0.196	0.328	0.482	0.637	1.041	0.990	1.335	1.724	2.077	2.408	2.550	3.560	2.781	3.348	2.730
																R-Rg₃	0.116	0.186	0.300	0.452	0.926	0.605	0.946	1.426	1.057	1.460	1.711	2.324	2.419	2.713	1.695
Rk₁	0.096	0.162	0.238	0.315	0.523	0.470	0.639	0.864	1.081	1.254	1.345	1.912	1.487	1.839	1.535
																Rg₅	0.141	0.231	0.337	0.444	0.734	0.658	0.899	1.233	1.551	1.805	1.953	2.784	2.167	2.712	2.296
S-Rh₂	0.020	0.021	0.022	0.024	0.026	0.025	0.031	0.037	0.045	0.052	0.058	0.076	0.051	0.071	0.068
																R-Rh₂	0.012	0.014	0.013	0.015	0.019	0.020	0.025	0.028	0.028	0.033	0.031	0.048	0.030	0.032	0.025
Rk₂	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.003	0.006	0.009	0.010	0.013	0.029	0.029	0.038	0.024
																Rh₃	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.005	0.007	0.008	0.011	0.015	0.022	0.026	0.029	0.048	0.027	0.048	0.052
Rg₃Total amount of	0.313	0.513	0.783	1.089	1.967	1.595	2.281	3.150	3.134	3.867	4.260	5.884	5.200	6.061	4.425
																Rh₂Total amount of	0.032	0.034	0.036	0.038	0.046	0.045	0.056	0.065	0.073	0.085	0.090	0.124	0.081	0.103	0.093
Rg₃+Rh₂	0.345	0.548	0.818	1.127	2.012	1.640	2.337	3.216	3.207	3.952	4.350	6.008	5.280	6.163	4.518
																Rk₁+Rg₅	0.237	0.393	0.575	0.759	1.257	1.128	1.538	2.097	2.632	3.059	3.298	4.696	3.654	4.551	3.831
Rg₆+F₄	0.092	0.146	0.197	0.231	0.295	0.249	0.302	0.367	0.447	0.511	0.525	0.727	0.541	0.650	0.546
																Total amount (%)	1.327	1.817	2.418	2.983	4.492	3.752	4.979	6.572	7.276	8.609	9.272	12.940	10.635	12.758	10.064

Table 8: decocting Leptoradix Ginseng at 115 deg.C under high temperature and high pressure to obtain 15 kinds of rare ginsenoside contents (mg/ml, 4 hr, 8 hr and 48 hr for three time points)

Table 9: 15 rare ginsenoside contents in ginseng rootlets dregs decocted at high temperature and high pressure of 125 (%)

	1h	6h	8h	12h	16h	20h	24h	28h	32h	36h	40h	44h	48h
														S-Rg₂	0.209	0.288	0.284	0.359	0.292	0.245	0.155	0.135	0.079	0.065	0.061	0.045	0.033
S-Rh₁	0.302	0.270	0.272	0.404	0.370	0.383	0.323	0.282	0.199	0.178	0.182	0.160	0.129
														R-Rh₁	0.029	0.072	0.082	0.151	0.180	0.222	0.211	0.231	0.186	0.191	0.204	0.194	0.158
Rg₆	0.042	0.086	0.097	0.167	0.157	0.157	0.128	0.113	0.087	0.078	0.082	0.060	0.050
														F₄	0.086	0.188	0.224	0.454	0.494	0.583	0.541	0.539	0.409	0.398	0.401	0.352	0.269
Rk₃	0.024	0.047	0.058	0.125	0.157	0.211	0.227	0.264	0.232	0.265	0.320	0.327	0.298
														Rh₄	0.034	0.068	0.086	0.194	0.255	0.358	0.398	0.474	0.438	0.513	0.633	0.661	0.608
S-Rg₃	0.318	1.090	1.350	2.690	2.801	3.260	2.963	3.080	2.423	2.467	2.681	2.486	2.065
														R-Rg₃	0.214	0.653	1.097	2.212	2.275	2.890	2.296	2.833	2.180	2.172	3.145	2.938	2.594
Rk₁	0.160	0.545	0.689	1.495	1.615	1.966	1.898	2.091	1.745	1.875	2.164	2.147	1.894
														Rg₅	0.216	0.740	0.938	2.082	2.276	2.812	2.752	3.089	2.658	2.913	3.380	3.446	3.039
S-Rh₂	0.018	0.029	0.036	0.064	0.072	0.088	0.088	0.097	0.084	0.094	0.114	0.119	0.111
														R-Rh₂	0.017	0.022	0.030	0.048	0.052	0.069	0.060	0.066	0.052	0.054	0.070	0.068	0.062
Rk₂	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.018	0.028	0.029	0.027	0.033	0.030	0.037	0.043	0.051	0.051
														Rh₃	0.000	0.007	0.010	0.036	0.047	0.064	0.065	0.080	0.078	0.093	0.120	0.135	0.136
Rg₃Total amount of	0.532	1.743	2.447	4.902	5.076	6.150	5.259	5.913	4.603	4.639	5.826	5.424	4.659
														Rh₂Total amount of	0.035	0.051	0.066	0.112	0.124	0.157	0.148	0.163	0.136	0.148	0.184	0.187	0.173
Rg₃+Rh₂	0.567	1.794	2.513	5.014	5.200	6.307	5.407	6.076	4.739	4.787	6.010	5.611	4.832
														Rk₁+Rg₅	0.376	1.285	1.627	3.577	3.891	4.778	4.650	5.180	4.403	4.788	5.544	5.593	4.933
Rg₆+F₄	0.128	0.274	0.321	0.621	0.651	0.740	0.669	0.652	0.496	0.476	0.483	0.412	0.319
														Total amount (%)	1.669	4.106	5.252	10.500	11.070	13.335	12.131	13.406	10.879	11.393	13.599	13.189	11.497

Table 10125 deg.c high-temperature high-pressure decoction of 7 kinds of common ginsenoside content (%)

Table 11: 15 rare ginsenoside contents in ginseng rootlets dregs decocted at high temperature and high pressure of 130%

	20min	40min	1h	1.5h	2h	2.5h	10h	12h	14h	16h	20h
												S-Rg₂	0.162	0.212	0.243	0.267	0.273	0.290	0.183	0.250	0.197	0.173	0.097
S-Rh₁	0.284	0.311	0.293	0.306	0.284	0.288	0.238	0.352	0.335	0.326	0.249
												R-Rh₁	0.028	0.026	0.035	0.047	0.054	0.061	0.107	0.191	0.198	0.227	0.201
Rg₆	0.032	0.046	0.056	0.065	0.070	0.082	0.100	0.168	0.164	0.147	0.113
												F₄	0.058	0.089	0.109	0.130	0.139	0.161	0.291	0.524	0.564	0.599	0.529
Rk₃	0.023	0.023	0.028	0.032	0.035	0.046	0.094	0.177	0.213	0.249	0.269
												Rh₄	0.032	0.034	0.042	0.049	0.053	0.068	0.146	0.292	0.359	0.430	0.490
S-Rg₃	0.244	0.384	0.491	0.636	0.715	0.880	1.714	2.879	3.028	3.189	2.807
												R-Rg₃	0.172	0.247	0.438	0.592	0.671	0.687	2.186	2.684	2.812	3.193	2.832
Rk₁	0.116	0.182	0.233	0.302	0.339	0.424	0.922	1.698	1.876	2.075	2.017
												Rg₅	0.166	0.248	0.307	0.411	0.453	0.575	1.304	2.416	2.699	2.999	3.002
S-Rh₂	0.019	0.016	0.017	0.020	0.021	0.024	0.041	0.071	0.079	0.089	0.091
												R-Rh₂	0.005	0.016	0.020	0.021	0.021	0.022	0.041	0.060	0.063	0.069	0.063
Rk₂	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.006	0.018	0.024	0.031	0.036
												Rh₃	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.003	0.004	0.006	0.022	0.042	0.052	0.064	0.076
Rg₃Total amount of	0.416	0.631	0.929	1.228	1.386	1.567	3.900	5.563	5.840	6.382	5.639
												Rh₂Total amount of	0.024	0.032	0.037	0.041	0.042	0.046	0.082	0.131	0.142	0.158	0.154
Rg₃+Rh₂	0.440	0.663	0.966	1.269	1.428	1.613	3.982	5.694	5.982	6.540	5.793
												Rk₁+Rg₅	0.282	0.430	0.540	0.713	0.792	0.999	2.226	4.114	4.575	5.074	5.019
Rg₆+F₄	0.090	0.135	0.165	0.195	0.209	0.243	0.391	0.692	0.728	0.746	0.642
												Total amount (%)	1.341	1.834	2.315	2.881	3.132	3.614	7.395	11.822	12.663	13.860	12.872

The table 12130 ℃ high-temperature high-pressure reaction of 7 common ginsenoside contents in ginseng rootlets dregs (%)

	20min	40min	1h	1.5h	2h	2.5h	10h	12h	14h	16h	20h
												Rg₁	0.043	0.033	0.021	0.013	0.006	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Re	0.166	0.127	0.080	0.050	0.027	0.016	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
												Rb₁	0.687	0.646	0.465	0.440	0.273	0.212	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Rc	0.593	0.555	0.419	0.366	0.269	0.202	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
												Rb₂	0.374	0.333	0.237	0.216	0.160	0.118	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Rb₃	0.052	0.043	0.029	0.025	0.019	0.014	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
												Rd	0.381	0.369	0.304	0.294	0.236	0.223	0.014	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Total amount (%)	2.296	2.106	1.555	1.404	0.990	0.789	0.014	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

As can be seen from tables 5 to 8, the change rule of the common ginsenoside is similar to that of the common ginsenoside decocted at 100 ℃ and normal pressure when the common ginsenoside is decocted at high temperature and high pressure. With the time, the content of the common ginsenoside in the water and the decoction dregs is gradually reduced, and the common ginsenoside can not be detected in the decoction dregs (44 hours) and the water liquid (48 hours). The rare ginsenoside changes in the way that the content of the rare ginsenoside in the water solution and the herb residue gradually increases from the beginning to the end. But the content of rare ginsenoside in the water solution begins to gradually decrease after the rare ginsenoside in the water solution increases to a certain degree, and the content of ginsenoside decreases to 0.703 percent after 48 hours; the content of rare ginsenoside in the medicine residue is continuously increased along with the prolonging of the decoction time, and reaches 12.94% after 40 hours, and then a rule of small fluctuation around the value is presented.

The same trends were observed at 120 deg.C, 125 deg.C, 130 deg.C, 135 deg.C, 140 deg.C and 145 deg.C thereafter, except that the time was continuously shortened as the temperature was increased.

For example, as can be seen from tables 9-12, the contents of rare ginsenosides in the residue gradually increase to a certain level and then remain unchanged, while the contents of common ginsenosides in the residue gradually decrease to 0.

When the temperature is designed to be 150 ℃, the change rule of various ginsenosides is not changed, but the total amount of rare ginsenosides generated in the decoction dregs is obviously reduced, so the decoction temperature is not suitable to exceed 150 ℃.

As can be seen from FIGS. 7A to 10, the total amount of rare ginsenosides in the residue reaches a maximum value of 13% or more at 125 deg.C and 130 deg.C, and the optimal decoction time is 20 hours or more and 16 hours or so, respectively.

As can be seen from FIGS. 11 to 17, for rare ginsenoside Rg₃The optimum temperature is 125 ℃ and 130 ℃, and the content of the slag can reach 6.15 percent and 6.38 percent; the optimal decoction time is 20 hr or more and 16 hr or so.

For rare ginsenoside Rk₁And Rg₅The optimum temperature is 125 deg.C and 145 deg.C, the content can respectively reach 5.59% and 5.6%, and the optimum decocting time is 40 hr or more and 5 hr or more.

Example 3: reducing Rg in water₃Experimental condition screening of content

Under the conditions of decocting at 120 deg.C, 130 deg.C, 135 deg.C and liquid-material ratio of 7.5:1 for 3, 4, 5, and hours, comparing the centrifugation immediately after the decoction and the next day centrifugation, adding Rg in water at normal temperature and heating to higher temperature (60-100 deg.C), adding Rg in water₃Influence of the content.

The experimental result shows that the Rg in the hot water is immediately centrifuged₃The content is lower than that of the next day of centrifugation, and Rg in the decoction dregs₃The content was increased with a difference of 0.3%. Heating to a higher temperature (60-100 deg.C) for feeding, and adding Rg in the residue at a temperature higher than normal temperature₃The content is higher, and the difference value reaches about 0.1 percent.

Example 4: preparing extract from medicinal residue

Collecting Leptoradix Ginseng, decocting at 115-145 deg.C with water temperature of 7.5:1 at 90 deg.C for 4-48 hr (corresponding to different decoction temperatures), centrifuging while hot, and removing centrifugal water to obtain residue. Drying the residue, extracting with ethanol under reflux, recovering ethanol from the extractive solution under reduced pressure, and drying to obtain the desired extract. The HPLC method detects that the main components comprise 15 rare ginsenosides: 20(S) -Rg₂、20(S)-Rh₁、20(R)-Rh₁、Rg₆、F4、Rk₃、Rh₄、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、20(S)-Rh₂、20(R)-Rh₂、Rk₂、Rh₃The total content of the ginseng extract reaches over 36 percent, and the ginseng extract basically does not contain common ginsenoside Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃、Rd。

The yield of the medicine residue is that the weight of the medicine residue/the weight of the American ginseng leaves is multiplied by 100 percent

The extract yield is the weight of the extract/the weight of the medicine residue multiplied by 100 percent

Table 13: decocting Leptoradix Ginseng to obtain residue and extract

Table 14: content (%) of rare ginsenoside in the extract:

	145℃	140℃	135℃	130℃	125℃	120℃	115℃
								S-Rg₂	0.238	0.600	0.853	0.361	0.747	1.193	0.894
S-Rh₁	0.619	1.068	1.201	0.869	1.248	1.577	1.370
								R-Rh₁	0.576	0.637	0.587	0.741	0.736	0.727	0.665
Rg₆	0.356	0.592	0.716	0.464	0.535	0.679	0.605
								F₄	1.541	1.889	1.752	1.662	1.771	1.816	1.767
Rk₃	0.950	0.877	0.565	0.897	0.674	0.577	0.606
								Rh₄	1.424	1.167	0.826	1.471	1.092	0.906	1.070
S-Rg₃	6.742	9.100	8.689	9.883	11.198	12.406	12.032
								R-Rg₃	7.955	8.567	7.402	9.882	9.739	10.167	9.220
Rk₁	6.098	6.487	5.583	6.730	6.419	6.489	6.488
								Rg₅	8.786	8.985	7.600	9.772	9.103	9.201	9.573
S-Rh₂	0.228	0.214	0.215	0.247	0.197	0.172	0.165
								R-Rh₂	0.210	0.186	0.133	0.154	0.132	0.121	0.075
Rk₂	0.116	0.096	0.104	0.120	0.105	0.084	0.072
								Rh₃	0.232	0.149	0.177	0.245	0.183	0.151	0.133
Rg₃total amount of	14.697	17.667	16.100	19.765	20.938	22.572	21.252
								Rh₂Total amount of	0.437	0.400	0.348	0.401	0.329	0.292	0.240
Rg₃+Rh₂	15.134	18.067	16.447	20.166	21.267	22.865	21.492
								Rk₁+Rg₅	14.884	15.472	13.138	16.502	15.522	15.690	16.060
Rg₆+F₄	1.897	2.482	2.462	2.126	2.306	2.495	2.372
								Total amount (%)	36.070	40.614	36.413	43.499	43.881	46.265	44.734

It can be seen that the total content of rare ginsenosides in the extract obtained by high temperature and high pressure decoction is between 30% and 50%, which is surprising. And at the temperature of 115-130 ℃, the total content of rare ginsenoside can reach more than 40%, and the total content of Rg3 can reach more than 14%, even more than 20%; the total content of Rk1 and Rg5 reaches more than 13 percent, even more than 15 percent. The extract with higher purity, the content of which reaches more than 50 percent and even more than 90 percent, is obtained by treating the extract with an organic solvent or by column chromatography.

Example 5: comparison of fresh Ginseng radix and dried Ginseng radix under normal pressure reflux and high temperature and high pressure

Heating dried Ginseng radix at 120 deg.C, 125 deg.C, 130 deg.C, and 135 deg.C for 5-16 hr with liquid-material ratio of 7.5:1, centrifuging, and oven drying to obtain residue. At this time, the content of rare ginsenoside in water solution is very low, and Rg enriched in herb residue₃Is 16 times of that in water, F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄The content is also higher, and is more than 10 times of that in water liquid.

The trend of the obtained experimental results is the same as that of the above experiments by using fresh ginseng with 70% of water content as a raw material and decocting at high temperature and high pressure under the same experimental conditions. The content of common ginsenoside in water solution and residue is gradually reduced, and the content of rare ginsenoside in residue is gradually increased.

Only because of the fresh ginseng, the obtained medicine dregs have much lower content of rare ginsenoside than the dried ginseng.

Example 6: inhibiting effect of different proportions of rare ginsenoside components on cancer cells

100 mu L of A549 human lung cancer cell suspension is inoculated in a 96-well plate, and the inoculation density is 8000 cells/well. The 96-well cell culture plate was placed in a cell incubator (culture conditions 37 ℃ C., 5% CO)₂) And culturing for 24 h. The rare ginsenoside components with different proportions are prepared into high-concentration stock solutions by DMSO. Under the condition that the cells are in logarithmic growth, preparing a proper concentration gradient sample by using the stock solution, and co-culturing 24 groups of samples to be detected with different concentrations and the cells for 24 hours. When the cell activity is detected, cell supernatant of each group of the 96-well plate is discarded, a culture medium containing 10% of CCK-8 detection reagent is prepared, 100 mu L of the culture medium is added into each reaction hole, and the culture plate is placed in an incubator to be incubated for about 1 h. Absorbance at 450nm was measured with a microplate reader. Sample pair A549 tumor cell IC₅₀The values are shown in the following table.

100 μ L of DLD1 human colon cancer cell suspension was seeded in 96-well plates at 8000 cells/well. The 96-well cell culture plate was placed in a cell incubator (culture conditions 37 ℃ C., 5% CO)₂) And culturing for 24 h. The rare ginsenoside components with different proportions are prepared into high-concentration stock solutions by DMSO. Under the condition that the cells are in logarithmic growth, preparing a proper concentration gradient sample by using the stock solution, and co-culturing 24 groups of samples to be detected with different concentrations and the cells for 24 hours. When the cell activity is detected, cell supernatant of each group of the 96-well plate is discarded, a culture medium containing 10% of CCK-8 detection reagent is prepared, 100 mu L of the culture medium is added into each reaction hole, and the culture plate is placed in an incubator to be incubated for about 1 h. Absorbance at 450nm was measured with a microplate reader. Sample pair DLD1 tumor cell IC₅₀The values are shown in the following table.

U251 human glioma cell suspension was seeded at 100 μ L in 96-well plates at 8000 cells/well. The 96-well cell culture plate was placed in a cell incubator (culture conditions 37 ℃ C., 5% CO)₂) And culturing for 24 h. The rare ginsenoside components with different proportions are prepared into high-concentration stock solutions by DMSO. Under the condition that the cells are in logarithmic growth, preparing a proper concentration gradient sample by using the stock solution, and co-culturing 24 groups of samples to be detected with different concentrations and the cells for 24 hours. When the cell activity is detected, cell supernatant of each group of the 96-well plate is discarded, a culture medium containing 10% of CCK-8 detection reagent is prepared, 100 mu L of the culture medium is added into each reaction hole, and the culture plate is placed in an incubator to be incubated for about 1 h. Using enzyme labelsThe absorbance at 450nm was measured. 24 groups of samples for U251 tumor cells IC₅₀The values are shown in the following table.

TABLE 15 inhibition of cancer cells by different proportions of rare ginsenoside components

Through screening tests, a combination with better cancer cell inhibition activity in different rare ginsenoside combinations is screened out, and the combination shows synergistic antitumor activity on three kinds of cancer cells.

The applicant finds that the extract is also applicable to other active parts of ginseng and plants containing other ginsenosides, such as American ginseng, pseudo-ginseng and the like, and researches on ginseng leaves, pseudo-ginseng leaves, American ginseng and American ginseng leaves respectively through a large number of experiments, so that the same results are obtained, and a better extraction method is obtained, and the specific steps are as follows:

a method for preparing a product with high content of rare ginsenoside comprises any one of the following steps:

a: pulverizing folium Ginseng, adding appropriate amount of water, heating and refluxing under normal pressure for 36 hr or more, preferably 40 hr, 60 hr, 72 hr, 84 hr, 96 hr 108 hr or 120 hr or more, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product;

b: pulverizing folium Ginseng, adding appropriate amount of water, decocting at high temperature and under high pressure for 1 hr or more, 2 hr or more, 3 hr or more, 4 hr or more, 5 hr or more, preferably 6 hr or more, 8 hr or more, 10 hr or more, 12 hr or more, 14 hr or more, 16 hr or more, 18 hr or more, 20 hr or more, 22 hr or more, 24 hr or more, 28 hr or more, 30 hr or more, 32 hr or more, 34 hr or more, 36 hr or more, 38 hr or more, 40 hr or more, 42 hr or more, 44 hr or more, 48 hr or more, or 50 hr or more, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product.

A product for preparing high-content rare ginsenoside is prepared by any one of the following methods:

a: pulverizing Notoginseng radix, adding appropriate amount of water, heating and refluxing under normal pressure for more than 48 hr, preferably 60 hr, 72 hr, 84 hr, 96 hr 108 hr or more than 120 hr, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product;

b: pulverizing Notoginseng radix, adding appropriate amount of water, decocting at high temperature and high pressure for more than 4 hr, preferably more than 6 hr, more than 8 hr, more than 10 hr, more than 12 hr, more than 14 hr, more than 16 hr, more than 18 hr, more than 20 hr, more than 22 hr, more than 24 hr, more than 28 hr, more than 30 hr, more than 32 hr, more than 34 hr, more than 36 hr, more than 38 hr, more than 40 hr, more than 42 hr, more than 44 hr, more than 48 hr or more than 50 hr, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product.

a: drying and pulverizing folium Notoginseng, adding appropriate amount of water, heating and refluxing under normal pressure for more than 48 hr, preferably 60 hr, 72 hr, 84 hr, 96 hr 108 hr or more than 120 hr, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product;

b: drying and pulverizing folium Notoginseng, adding appropriate amount of water, decocting at high temperature and high pressure for more than 2 hr, preferably more than 4 hr, preferably more than 6 hr, more than 8 hr, more than 10 hr, more than 12 hr, more than 14 hr, more than 16 hr, more than 18 hr, more than 20 hr, more than 22 hr, more than 24 hr, more than 28 hr, more than 30 hr, more than 32 hr, more than 34 hr, more than 36 hr, more than 38 hr, more than 40 hr, more than 42 hr, more than 44 hr, more than 48 hr or more than 50 hr, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product.

a: pulverizing radix Panacis Quinquefolii, adding appropriate amount of water, heating and refluxing under normal pressure for more than 48 hr, preferably 60 hr, 72 hr, 84 hr, 96 hr or 108 hr, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product;

b: drying and pulverizing radix Panacis Quinquefolii, adding appropriate amount of water, decocting at high temperature and high pressure for more than 4 hr, preferably more than 6 hr, more than 8 hr, more than 10 hr, more than 12 hr, more than 14 hr, more than 16 hr, more than 18 hr, more than 20 hr, more than 22 hr, more than 24 hr, more than 28 hr, more than 30 hr, more than 32 hr, more than 34 hr, more than 36 hr, more than 38 hr, more than 40 hr, more than 42 hr, more than 44 hr, more than 48 hr or more than 50 hr, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product.

a: drying and pulverizing folium Panacis Quinquefolii, adding appropriate amount of water, and heating and refluxing under normal pressure for more than 48 hr, preferably 60 hr, 72 hr, 84 hr, 96 hr or more than 108 hr; more preferably 90 hours; filtering, and drying the residues to obtain the required product;

b: drying and pulverizing folium Panacis Quinquefolii, adding appropriate amount of water, decocting at high temperature and high pressure for 2 hr or more than 4 hr, preferably 6 hr or more, 8 hr or more, 10 hr or more, 12 hr or more, 14 hr or more, 16 hr or more, 18 hr or more, 20 hr or more, 22 hr or more, 24 hr or more, 28 hr or more, 30 hr or more, 32 hr or more, 34 hr or more, 36 hr or more, 38 hr or more, 40 hr or more, 42 hr or more, 44 hr or more, 48 hr or more, or 50 hr or more, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain the desired product.

Because the experimental data is too huge, the applicant carries out divisional application on different parts and different plants, and the detailed data is shown in patent application on the same day.

The foregoing description is a general description of the invention. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, as form changes and equivalents may be employed. Various changes or modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A product prepared from Ginseng radix contains high content of rare ginsenoside, and does not contain common ginsenoside; wherein the rare ginsenoside comprises: 20(S) -Rg₂、20(S)-Rh₁、20(R)-Rh₁、Rg₆、F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、20(S)-Rh₂、20(R)-Rh₂、Rk₂、Rh₃And the common ginsenoside comprises: rg (Rg)₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃、Rd。

2. The product of claim 1, wherein the total content of rare ginsenosides is not less than 5%, and the total content of common ginsenosides is less than 1%.

3. A method for preparing a high-content rare ginsenoside product is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:

a: pulverizing Ginseng radix, adding appropriate amount of water, heating and refluxing under normal pressure for more than 48 hr, preferably 60 hr, 72 hr, 84 hr, 96 hr, 108 hr or more than 120 hr, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain desired product;

b: pulverizing Ginseng radix, adding appropriate amount of water, decocting at high temperature and high pressure for more than 4 hr, preferably more than 6 hr, more than 8 hr, more than 10 hr, more than 12 hr, more than 14 hr, more than 16 hr, more than 18 hr, more than 20 hr, more than 22 hr, more than 24 hr, more than 28 hr, more than 30 hr, more than 32 hr, more than 34 hr, more than 36 hr, more than 38 hr, more than 40 hr, more than 42 hr, more than 44 hr, more than 48 hr or more than 50 hr, filtering, and drying the residue to obtain desired product; the high temperature and high pressure is 100 deg.C or more, preferably not less than 110 deg.C, 115 deg.C, 120 deg.C, 125 deg.C, 130 deg.C, 135 deg.C, 140 deg.C, 145 deg.C or 150 deg.C.

4. The process according to claim 3, wherein:

in preparation method A, the liquid-to-material ratio can be (30-5):1, preferably (25-8):1, more preferably (20-9):1 or (15-10):1, preferably 10: 1;

5. The process according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: optionally further extracting the residue with organic solvent or aqueous organic solvent to obtain extract with high content of rare ginsenoside.

6. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that:

the extract or residue contains one or more of 15 rare ginsenosides, specifically 20(S) -Rg₂、20(S)-Rh₁、20(R)-Rh₁、Rg₆、F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、20(S)-Rh₂、20(R)-Rh₂、Rk₂、Rh₃Substantially free of common ginsenoside including Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃、Rd；

The total content of rare ginsenoside in the residue is not less than 5%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11% or 12%, and the total content of common ginsenoside is not more than 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.2% or 0.1%;

the total content of rare ginsenoside in the extract is more than 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40%, and the total content of common ginsenoside is less than 10%, preferably less than 8%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%.

7. A composition comprising a rare ginsenoside, comprising a composition of any one of:

Rg₃and Rg₅The composition of (1) to (20): (1-20); comprising F₄And Rh₂The composition of (1) to (100): (1-100), preferably (1-10): (10-100), (10-100): (1-10), (1-10): (10-1), (1-100): (1-10); most preferred is 10:1, 1:1 or 1: 10. Containing Rh₄And Rh₂The composition of (1) to (100): (1-100), preferably (1-90): (1-90), (10-100): (1-10), (1-10): (10-1), (1-20): (1-20).

Optionally further comprises 20(S) -Rg₂、20(S)-Rh₁、20(R)-Rh₁、Rg₆、F₄、Rk₃、Rh₄、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅、20(S)-Rh₂、20(R)-Rh₂、Rk₂、Rh₃One or more rare ginsenosides in (1).

Preferably, the composition is substantially free of common ginsenosides, including Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rb₃And Rd. The total content of common ginsenoside is less than 10%, preferably less than 8%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%. More preferably, less than 0.8%, 0.6%, 0.5% or 0.1%.

8. A ginseng product comprising the composition of claim 7.

9. The ginseng product of claim 8, wherein the ginseng product is a residue or extract prepared from ginseng.

10. Use of a product or composition according to any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 for the preparation of an anti-tumour product.