CN112119910A - Melon and fruit pollination method - Google Patents
Melon and fruit pollination method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112119910A CN112119910A CN202011190420.2A CN202011190420A CN112119910A CN 112119910 A CN112119910 A CN 112119910A CN 202011190420 A CN202011190420 A CN 202011190420A CN 112119910 A CN112119910 A CN 112119910A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a melon and fruit pollination method, which comprises the following steps: s1, pollen liquid preparation: mixing Malus spectabilis flower polysaccharide, boric acid, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, astragaloside IV and water, adding pollen, stevioside and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixing to obtain pollen solution; the pollen liquid comprises the following components: 10-50 g/L of begonia flower polysaccharide, 0.02-0.06 g/L of boric acid, 0.02-0.07 g/L of potassium chloride, 0.03-0.08 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.3 g/L of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3-5 mg/L of astragaloside, 6-9 mg/L of stevioside, 2-10 g/L of pollen and water. S2, pollination: spraying pollen liquid to the stigma, and spraying vitamin solution on the stigma. The pollination method of the invention effectively improves the fruit setting rate by means of spraying the special pollen solution and the vitamin solution after pollination, and the fruit setting rate after pollination reaches 98%. The method effectively relieves the cost consumption caused by the fact that pollination cannot be carried out in time due to special environments (such as strong rainfall).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant pollination, in particular to an artificial pollination method for melons and fruits.
Background
At present, the artificial pollination method of melons and fruits tends to be mature, and the conventional artificial pollination method of melons and fruits is to collect male flower pollen and adopt a mode of applying pure pollen by points such as a writing brush, a cotton swab and the like to enable the pollen to fall on the stigmas of female flowers, so that pollination is completed. The process is not efficient. In addition, the vitality of the pollen in vitro can only be maintained for hours, and the vitality is lower as the pollen in vitro lasts longer, so that the conventional artificial pollination method for melons and fruits usually requires that the pollen is fertilized while being harvested and fertilized while being harvested. When pollination cannot be carried out in time under the influence of objective factors such as special weather, the waste of labor and material cost is caused. In large-scale industrial production, it is not practical to require the follow-up collection and the present teaching. In addition to the traditional pure pollen pollination method, a liquid pollination method has also been developed, i.e., pollen is mixed with other auxiliary agents to prepare a suspension, and the suspension is sprayed to enable the pollen liquid to fall on the head of a female flower, thereby completing pollination. The method is also affected by pollen activity, and pollen liquid needs to be used as soon as possible. The defects restrict the scale use of the liquid pollination mode, so the pollination method of the melons and fruits needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an artificial pollination method for melons and fruits.
The scheme of the invention comprises the following aspects:
a melon and fruit pollination method comprises the following steps:
s1, pollen liquid preparation:
uniformly mixing crabapple flower polysaccharide, boric acid, potassium chloride, monopotassium phosphate, astragaloside and water at 25-30 ℃, adding pollen, stevioside and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and uniformly mixing to obtain a pollen liquid for later use;
the pollen liquid comprises the following components: 10-50 g/L of begonia flower polysaccharide, 0.02-0.06 g/L of boric acid, 0.02-0.07 g/L of potassium chloride, 0.03-0.08 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.3 g/L of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3-5 mg/L of astragaloside, 6-9 mg/L of stevioside, 2-10 g/L of pollen and water.
S2, pollination: spraying pollen liquid to the stigma, and spraying vitamin solution on the stigma.
Preferably, the begonia flower polysaccharide is chaenomeles speciosa flower polysaccharide.
Preferably, the pollen liquid comprises the following components: 28g/L of papaya begonia flower polysaccharide, 0.06g/L of boric acid, 0.07g/L of potassium chloride, 0.05g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2g/L of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3mg/L of astragaloside, 8mg/L of stevioside, 2-10 g/L of pollen and water.
Preferably, the vitamin solution comprises the following components: by mass percent, vitamin B20.01 to 0.03%, 0.05 to 0.09% of vitamin H, 0.01 to 0.03% of calcium pantothenate and water.
Preferably, the dosage of the vitamin solution is 0.5-1 mL per flower.
Preferably, the purity of the papaya begonia flower polysaccharide is not lower than 46%.
Preferably, the pollination amount of each flower is 2-3 mg of pollen.
Preferably, the melon and fruit comprises Hami melon, wax gourd, watermelon, pumpkin or cucumber.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
if the pollen is prepared into the pollen liquid, the accelerated loss of the pollen viability is easily caused if the component proportion of the pollen liquid is unreasonable. The pollen liquid contains components such as begonia flower polysaccharide, astragaloside IV, stevioside and the like, has high stability, and still maintains 80-94% of pollen activity after 24 hours of preparation. Compared with the traditional pollination method, the method effectively relieves the cost consumption caused by the fact that pollination cannot be carried out in time due to special environments (such as strong rainfall). Pollinating by spraying, saving labor and time cost and having high efficiency.
The pollination method of the invention effectively improves the fruit setting rate by means of spraying the special pollen solution and the vitamin solution after pollination, and the fruit setting rate after pollination reaches 98%.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
A melon and fruit pollination method comprises the following steps:
s1, pollen liquid preparation:
uniformly mixing pawpaw and crab apple flower polysaccharide (purity is 46%), boric acid, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, astragaloside and water at 25-30 ℃, adding pollen, stevioside and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and uniformly mixing to obtain pollen liquid for later use;
the pollen liquid contains the following components: 50g/L of pawpaw and crab apple flower polysaccharide, 0.02g/L of boric acid, 0.02g/L of potassium chloride, 0.03g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3g/L of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 5mg/L of astragaloside, 6mg/L of stevioside, 10g/L of pollen and the balance of water.
S2, pollination: firstly spraying the pollen liquid to the column head through a sprayer, and then spraying the vitamin solution on the column head.
The vitamin solution comprises the following components: by mass percent, vitamin B20.03%, vitamin H0.09%, calcium pantothenate 0.01%, and balance water. The dosage of the vitamin solution is 0.5-1 mL per flower.
Example 2
A melon and fruit pollination method comprises the following steps:
s1, pollen liquid preparation:
uniformly mixing pawpaw and crab apple flower polysaccharide (purity is 46%), boric acid, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, astragaloside and water at 25-30 ℃, adding pollen, stevioside and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and uniformly mixing to obtain pollen liquid for later use;
the pollen liquid contains the following components: 10g/L of pawpaw and crab apple flower polysaccharide, 0.06g/L of boric acid, 0.07g/L of potassium chloride, 0.08g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2g/L of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3mg/L of astragaloside, 9mg/L of stevioside, 2g/L of pollen and the balance of water.
S2, pollination: firstly spraying the pollen liquid to the column head through a sprayer, and then spraying the vitamin solution on the column head.
The vitamin solution comprises the following components: by mass percent, vitamin B20.01%, vitamin H0.05%, calcium pantothenate 0.03%, and balance water. The dosage of the vitamin solution is 0.5-1 mL per flower.
Example 3
The difference between this example and example 1 is:
the pollen liquid comprises the following components: 28g/L of papaya begonia flower polysaccharide, 0.06g/L of boric acid, 0.07g/L of potassium chloride, 0.05g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2g/L of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3mg/L of astragaloside, 8mg/L of stevioside, 2-10 g/L of pollen and the balance of water.
Example 4
The difference between this example and example 1 is:
the vitamin solution comprises the following components: by mass percent, vitamin B20.03% and the balance water.
Comparative example 1
The difference between this example and example 1 is:
the pollen liquid contains the following components: 5g/L of pawpaw and crab apple flower polysaccharide, 0.02g/L of boric acid, 0.02g/L of potassium chloride, 0.03g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3g/L of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1mg/L of astragaloside, 12mg/L of stevioside, 10g/L of pollen and the balance of water.
Comparative example 2
The difference between this example and example 1 is:
the pollen liquid contains the following components:osmanthus fragrans polysaccharide50g/L, 0.02g/L boric acid, 0.02g/L potassium chloride, 0.03g/L monopotassium phosphate, 0.3g/L sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 5mg/L astragaloside, 6mg/L stevioside, 10g/L pollen and the balance of water.
Comparative example 3
The difference between this example and example 1 is: contains no astragaloside IV and stevioside.
Test example 1 pollen viability assay
According to the method of the embodiment and the comparative example, respectively, after the pollen liquid is prepared, the pollen liquid is respectively placed at 25-28 ℃ for 0, 4, 8, 12h and 24h, each treated pollen liquid is uniformly sprayed on the surface of a culture medium (50mg/L boric acid, 80g/L sucrose and 8g/L agar), the culture medium is placed in a 25 ℃ artificial climate incubator for 3-4 h, the observation is carried out by using an inverted microscope, the number of pollen and the number of pollen with the pollen tube length larger than the pollen diameter are counted, and the pollen activity is calculated. Pollen viability is the number of pollen with pollen tube length greater than pollen diameter/number of pollen x 100%. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Experimental example 2:
according to the methods of the embodiment and the comparative example, respectively, after the pollen liquid is prepared, the pollen liquid is placed at 25-28 ℃ for 0, 4, 8, 12h and 24h for pollination, and the pollination takes 1-1.5 h. 2 flowers are remained in each plant, the pollination amount of each flower is 2-3 mg of pollen, and the fruit setting rate is counted after 15 days. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 percentage of fertile fruit (wax gourd)
| 0h | 4h | 8h | 12h | 24h | |
| Example 1 | 98.0％ | 97.5％ | 97.3％ | 95.2％ | 90.4％ |
| Example 2 | 97.2％ | 97.0％ | 96.5％ | 96.4％ | 90.3％ |
| Example 3 | 97.4％ | 97.4％ | 97.2％ | 97.0％ | 94.8％ |
| Example 4 | 96.6％ | 96.0％ | 95.1％ | 90.9％ | 83.1％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 92.5％ | 90.6％ | 90.3％ | 82.6％ | 76.1％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 92.4％ | 89.1％ | 88.8％ | 75.4％ | 67.5％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 96.7％ | 90.4％ | 88.9％ | 80.3％ | 64.8％ |
The results in tables 1 and 2 show that:
in the embodiment, the pollen liquid keeps good viability after being placed for 0 hour, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours, and the viability is over 80 percent. The fruit setting rate after pollination reaches 83-94 percent. Wherein the activity of the pollen liquid in the embodiment 3 is still maintained at 94% after 24h of prevention and treatment, and the effect is optimal.
Compared examples 2 and 3, after the begonia flower polysaccharide, the astragaloside and the stevioside are replaced respectively, the pollen viability in the pollen liquid is about 60% in 24 hours, while the pollen viability in the pollen liquid can reach more than 80% in example 1, which indicates that the begonia flower polysaccharide, the astragaloside and the stevioside may have a synergistic effect, and the three components cooperate to keep the pollen viability. Examples 1, 4 fruit set percentage effects suggest that vitamin solution (vitamin B) is used after pollination20.01 to 0.03%, vitamin H0.05 to 0.09%, calcium pantothenate 0.01 to 0.03%, and water) is favorable for improving the fruit set percentage.
The method of the invention obtains similar effect in other melon and fruit plants.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A melon and fruit pollination method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pollen liquid preparation:
mixing Malus spectabilis flower polysaccharide, boric acid, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, astragaloside IV and water, adding pollen, stevioside and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixing to obtain pollen solution;
the pollen liquid comprises the following components: 10-50 g/L of begonia flower polysaccharide, 0.02-0.06 g/L of boric acid, 0.02-0.07 g/L of potassium chloride, 0.03-0.08 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.3 g/L of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3-5 mg/L of astragaloside, 6-9 mg/L of stevioside, 2-10 g/L of pollen and water.
S2, pollination: spraying pollen liquid to the stigma, and spraying vitamin solution on the stigma.
2. The melon and fruit pollination method according to claim 1, wherein the begonia flower polysaccharide is begonia flower polysaccharide.
3. The melon and fruit pollination method according to claim 1, wherein the pollen liquid comprises the following components: 28g/L of begonia flower polysaccharide, 0.06g/L of boric acid, 0.07g/L of potassium chloride, 0.05g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2g/L of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 3mg/L of astragaloside, 8mg/L of stevioside, 2-10 g/L of pollen and water.
4. The method for pollinating melons and fruits according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin solution comprises the following components: by mass percent, vitamin B20.01 to 0.03%, 0.05 to 0.09% of vitamin H, 0.01 to 0.03% of calcium pantothenate and water.
5. The pollination method for melons and fruits according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the vitamin solution is 0.5-1 mL per flower.
6. The melon and fruit pollination method according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the chaenomeles speciosa polysaccharide is not less than 46%.
7. The pollination method for melons and fruits according to claim 1, wherein the pollination amount of each flower is 2-3 mg pollen.
8. The melon and fruit pollination method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the crab apple flower polysaccharide, the boric acid, the potassium chloride, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the astragaloside and the water are uniformly mixed at 25-30 ℃, then the pollen, the stevioside and the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are added and uniformly mixed to obtain the pollen liquid.
9. The method of pollinating a melon or fruit of claim 1, wherein said melon or fruit comprises Hami melon, wax gourd, watermelon, pumpkin or cucumber.
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