CN112119895A - 一种烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法 - Google Patents

一种烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法 Download PDF

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CN112119895A
CN112119895A CN202010914669.7A CN202010914669A CN112119895A CN 112119895 A CN112119895 A CN 112119895A CN 202010914669 A CN202010914669 A CN 202010914669A CN 112119895 A CN112119895 A CN 112119895A
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fusarium
pathogenicity
culture dish
crude toxin
tobacco
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邱睿
李娟�
苏新宏
郑文明
董宁宇
张盈盈
李琦
徐敏
李淑君
李成军
陈玉国
李小杰
白静科
赵均
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China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co Ltd
Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
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Abstract

本发明涉及烟草病害鉴定技术领域,具体涉及一种烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法,步骤一、加热,打孔,步骤二、将真叶用无菌水冲洗干净,步骤三、加无菌水混合,步骤四、盖上盖子,步骤五、观察,记录,本发明优点在于:1.该发明所用的镰刀菌粗毒素制备方法已经非常成熟,制备镰刀菌粗毒素的培养基材料便宜,制备方法简单,2.该发明中使用的培养皿为透明材质,容易观察烟株根部症状,3.该发明所述的试验方法简单易操作,不需要特殊培训。

Description

一种烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法
技术领域
本发明涉及烟草病害鉴定技术领域,具体涉及一种烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法。
背景技术
镰刀菌属不全菌纲,丛梗孢目,瘤痤孢科,镰刀菌属,广布自然界,有些引起小麦、水稻和蔬菜的病害;有些对工农业有利,如赤霉素(920)就是从念珠镰刀菌产生的;有些引起人和动物的真菌病,如茄镰刀菌(F. solani)可引起角膜溃疡,有时侵犯皮肤和指甲,甚至中毒(镰刀菌毒素),在分类学上,镰刀菌无性时期原属于半知菌亚门,有性时期为子囊菌亚门。根据《菌物词典》2001年第9版,镰刀菌属于无性真菌类,有性时期为子囊菌门,自从1809年Link首先在锦葵科植物上发现第一株镰刀菌,定名粉红镰刀菌以来,镰刀菌的种类已发现44种和7个变种左右,它们分布极广,普遍存在于土壤及动植物有机体上,甚至存在于严寒的北极和干旱炎热的沙漠,属于兼寄生或腐生生活。
镰刀菌引起的烟草根腐病是烟叶生产中的一种重要根茎类病害,该病害的典型症状表现为患病烟株生长衰弱、烟叶由下往上逐步变黄萎蔫、烟株茎基部出现坏死斑、主根出现水渍状褐色坏死,剖开病茎、病根,可观察到木质部褐变,严重时烟株死亡,镰刀菌分布极广,普遍存在与土壤及动植物有机体上,烟田中,很多镰刀菌作为腐生菌附着在烟株根茎部位,科技工作者从烟田带回的病株上,分离出的镰刀菌很大一批是非致病的腐生镰刀菌,对大批量的菌株进行致病性测定,筛选强致病菌株是一项必要的基础工作,目前常用的致病性测定方法如孢子悬浮液浸根法、孢子悬浮液灌根法、接谷法等都比较费时,而且环境因素影响比较大,重复性差,给后期深入研究科研带来很大麻烦,目前烟草镰刀菌致病性测定方法鉴定周期长、重复性差,根部症状不易观察。
因此,生产一种快速鉴定烟草镰刀菌致病性的方法,该方法能快速有效检测烟草镰刀菌根腐病菌对烟株的致病性,重复性好,操作简单,为快速筛选烟草强制病菌株及烟草镰刀菌根腐病抗性材料选育等深入研究提供技术支撑。
发明内容
针对快速鉴定烟草镰刀菌致病性的方法,本发明提供一种能快速有效检测烟草镰刀菌根腐病菌对烟株的致病性,重复性好,操作简单,为快速筛选烟草强制病菌株及烟草镰刀菌根腐病抗性材料选育等深入研究提供技术支撑。
本发明采用的技术方案为:一种烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将直径为7mm的打孔器烧热,在直径为9cm无菌塑料培养皿盖上打孔;
步骤二、将培养至4-5片真叶生长一致健苗根部基质用无菌水冲洗干净;
步骤三、将根部从培养皿盖孔穿过,向培养皿中加入10mL烟草镰刀菌粗毒素原液和10mL无菌水,混匀配置成1/2粗毒素液;
步骤四、将装有烟苗的培养皿盖盖上,让烟苗根部浸入到1/2粗毒素液体中;
步骤五、重复步骤一至步骤四,重复数量为20次,采用无菌水为对照,置于25℃、D:L=16:8光照培养架上连续观察4到7d,观察烟株根部及叶片变化。
烟草镰刀菌粗毒素原液制作方法为:
从生长旺盛的纯化菌株PDA平板上的边缘部位打取4-5块直径为4mm菌饼,将打取下来的菌饼转接至装有200mL灭菌PDB培养基的500mL三角瓶中,在25度的温度下,采用180转/分钟的最高转速摇菌3到5天,采用无菌双层纱布过滤去除菌丝,滤液8000rpm离心5min,121℃高压灭菌20min。
本发明有益效果是:通过本发明的步骤,使其本发明优点在于:
1、该发明所用的镰刀菌粗毒素制备方法已经非常成熟,制备镰刀菌粗毒素的培养基材料便宜,制备方法简单;
2、该发明中使用的培养皿为透明材质,容易观察烟株根部症状;
3、该发明所述的试验方法简单易操作,不需要特殊培训。
附图说明
图1为本发明步骤的结构图及文字说明示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,一种烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将直径为7mm的打孔器烧热,在直径为9cm无菌塑料培养皿盖上打孔;
步骤二、将培养至4-5片真叶(大十字期-竖叶期)生长一致健苗根部基质用无菌水冲洗干净;
步骤三、将根部从培养皿盖孔穿过,向培养皿中加入10mL烟草镰刀菌粗毒素原液和10mL无菌水,混匀配置成1/2粗毒素液;
步骤四、将装有烟苗的培养皿盖盖上,让烟苗根部浸入到1/2粗毒素液体中;
步骤五、重复步骤一至步骤四,重复数量为20次,采用无菌水为对照,置于25℃、D:L=16:8光照培养架上连续观察4到7d,观察烟株根部及叶片变化。
烟草镰刀菌粗毒素原液制作方法为:
从生长旺盛的纯化菌株PDA平板上的边缘部位打取4-5块直径为4mm菌饼,将打取下来的菌饼转接至装有200mL灭菌PDB培养基(200g去皮土豆切块,加水1000mL煮沸30min,滤去马铃薯块,将滤液补足至1000mL,加葡萄糖10g,溶化后分装,121℃ 20分钟高压灭菌)的500mL三角瓶中,在25度的温度下,采用180转/分钟的最高转速摇菌3到5天,采用无菌双层纱布过滤去除菌丝,滤液8000rpm离心5min,121℃高压灭菌20min。
本发明通过一种快速鉴定烟草镰刀菌致病性的方法,该方法能快速有效检测烟草镰刀菌根腐病菌对烟株的致病性,重复性好,操作简单,为快速筛选烟草强制病菌株及烟草镰刀菌根腐病抗性材料选育等深入研究提供技术支撑。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (2)

1.一种烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将直径为7mm的打孔器烧热,在直径为9cm无菌塑料培养皿盖上打孔;
步骤二、将培养至4-5片真叶生长一致健苗根部基质用无菌水冲洗干净;
步骤三、将根部从培养皿盖孔穿过,向培养皿中加入10mL烟草镰刀菌粗毒素原液和10mL无菌水,混匀配置成1/2粗毒素液;
步骤四、将装有烟苗的培养皿盖盖上,让烟苗根部浸入到1/2粗毒素液体中;
步骤五、重复步骤一至步骤四,重复数量为20次,采用无菌水为对照,置于25℃、D:L=16:8光照培养架上连续观察4到7d,观察烟株根部及叶片变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法,其特征在于:烟草镰刀菌粗毒素原液制作方法为:
从生长旺盛的纯化菌株PDA平板上的边缘部位打取4-5块直径为4mm菌饼,将打取下来的菌饼转接至装有200mL灭菌PDB培养基的500mL三角瓶中,在25度的温度下,采用180转/分钟的最高转速摇菌3到5天,采用无菌双层纱布过滤去除菌丝,滤液8000rpm离心5min,121℃高压灭菌20min。
CN202010914669.7A 2020-09-03 2020-09-03 一种烟草镰刀菌致病性快速鉴定方法 Pending CN112119895A (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102061330A (zh) * 2010-11-30 2011-05-18 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 一种鉴定芝麻茎点枯病和枯萎病病原菌致病性的方法
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CN102061330A (zh) * 2010-11-30 2011-05-18 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 一种鉴定芝麻茎点枯病和枯萎病病原菌致病性的方法
CN108085363A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-05-29 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所 一种烟草对烟草镰刀菌根腐病抗性的鉴定方法
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