CN112117972A - Quadrature mixer circuit - Google Patents
Quadrature mixer circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112117972A CN112117972A CN202010882875.4A CN202010882875A CN112117972A CN 112117972 A CN112117972 A CN 112117972A CN 202010882875 A CN202010882875 A CN 202010882875A CN 112117972 A CN112117972 A CN 112117972A
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/16—Multiple-frequency-changing
- H03D7/165—Multiple-frequency-changing at least two frequency changers being located in different paths, e.g. in two paths with carriers in quadrature
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quadrature mixer circuit, which comprises a power divider module, a Langers coupler module and a double-balanced mixer module, wherein the power divider module converts a radio frequency input signal into a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and same phase; the Langerg coupler converts the local oscillator input signal into a first local oscillator signal and a second local oscillator signal which are orthogonal in equal amplitude; the double-balanced mixer module receives a radio frequency signal and a local oscillator signal and outputs four intermediate frequency signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave signal processing. And more particularly to a quadrature mixer circuit.
Background
Mixers are important components that cannot be missing in radio frequency microwave circuitry. Whether microwave communication, radar, remote control, remote sensing, or reconnaissance and electronic countermeasure, as well as many microwave measurement systems, the microwave signal must be processed by a mixer down to an intermediate frequency.
Currently, in a heterodyne receiver system, image frequency noise and a useful signal are mixed with a local oscillator at the same time, which causes interference to the useful intermediate frequency signal, thereby causing system noise performance deterioration and affecting sensitivity. Therefore, the image frequency suppression is very important for the anti-interference capability of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the above problems, the present invention provides a quadrature mixer circuit, which includes a power divider module, a lange coupler module, and a double balanced mixer module;
the power divider module converts a radio frequency input signal into a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and same phase;
the Lange coupler module converts a local oscillator input signal into a first local oscillator signal and a second local oscillator signal which are orthogonal in equal amplitude;
the double balanced mixer module comprises
The first double-balanced mixer comprises a first radio-frequency signal input end, a first local oscillator signal input end, a first intermediate-frequency signal output end and a second intermediate-frequency signal output end, wherein the first radio-frequency signal input end is used for receiving the first radio-frequency signal, the first local oscillator signal input end is used for receiving the first local oscillator signal, and the first intermediate-frequency signal output end and the second intermediate-frequency signal output end respectively output a first intermediate-frequency output signal and a second intermediate-frequency output signal;
the second double balanced mixer comprises a second radio-frequency signal input end, a second local oscillator signal input end, a third intermediate-frequency signal output end and a fourth intermediate-frequency signal output end, wherein the second radio-frequency signal input end is used for receiving the second radio-frequency signal, the second local oscillator signal input end is used for receiving the second local oscillator signal, and the third intermediate-frequency signal output end and the fourth intermediate-frequency signal output end respectively output a third intermediate-frequency output signal and a fourth intermediate-frequency output signal;
the phase difference between the first intermediate frequency output signal and the second intermediate frequency output signal is 180 degrees, the phase difference between the third intermediate frequency output signal and the fourth intermediate frequency output signal is 180 degrees, and the phase difference between the second intermediate frequency output signal and the third intermediate frequency output signal is 90 degrees.
The first double balanced mixer comprises
A first transformer structure comprising a first winding and a second winding, wherein the first winding comprises a first winding first end, a first winding second end, and a first winding middle end, and the second winding comprises a second winding first end, a second winding second end, and a second winding middle end;
a second transformer structure comprising a third winding and a fourth winding, wherein the third winding comprises a third winding first end, a third winding second end, and a third winding middle end, and the fourth winding comprises a fourth winding first end, a fourth winding second end, and a fourth winding middle end;
the first tube stack type diode structure comprises first to fourth diodes which are connected end to end; wherein
The first end of the first winding is the first radio frequency signal input end;
the first end of the second winding is connected with the anode of the third diode and the cathode of the fourth diode;
the second end of the second winding is connected with the cathode of the second diode and the anode of the first diode;
the middle end of the second winding is the first intermediate-frequency signal output end;
the first end of the third winding is the first local oscillator signal input end;
the first end of the fourth winding is connected with the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the fourth diode;
the second end of the fourth winding is connected with the anode of the second diode and the cathode of the third diode;
the middle end of the fourth winding is the second intermediate-frequency signal output end;
also comprises the following steps of (1) preparing,
the first capacitor is connected with the middle end of the first winding and the middle end of the second winding;
the second capacitor is connected with the middle end of the third winding and the middle end of the fourth winding;
a third capacitor through which the first winding second end is grounded;
the middle end of the second winding is grounded through the fourth capacitor;
a fifth capacitor through which the third winding second terminal is grounded;
the middle end of the fourth winding is grounded through the sixth capacitor;
the second double balanced mixer comprises
A third transformer structure comprising a fifth winding and a sixth winding, wherein the fifth winding comprises a fifth winding first end, a fifth winding second end, and a fifth winding middle end, and the sixth winding comprises a sixth winding first end, a sixth winding second end, and a sixth winding middle end;
a fourth transformer structure comprising a seventh winding and an eighth winding, wherein the seventh winding comprises a seventh winding first end, a seventh winding second end, and a seventh winding middle end, and the eighth winding comprises an eighth winding first end, an eighth winding second end, and an eighth winding middle end;
the second tube stack type diode structure comprises fifth to eighth diodes which are connected end to end;
wherein,
the first end of the fifth winding is the second radio frequency signal input end;
the first end of the sixth winding is connected with the cathode of the seventh diode and the anode of the sixth diode;
a second end of the sixth winding is connected with the anode of the eighth diode and the cathode of the fifth diode;
the middle end of the sixth winding is the third intermediate-frequency signal output end;
the first end of the seventh winding is the second local oscillator signal input end;
the first end of the eighth winding is connected with the anode of the fifth diode and the cathode of the sixth diode;
the second end of the eighth winding is connected with the anode of the seventh diode and the cathode of the eighth diode;
the middle end of the eighth winding is the fourth intermediate frequency signal output end;
the eighth capacitor is connected with the middle end of the seventh winding and the middle end of the eighth winding;
the seventh capacitor is connected with the middle end of the fifth winding and the middle end of the sixth winding;
a ninth capacitor through which the fifth winding second terminal is grounded;
a tenth capacitor through which the sixth winding middle terminal is grounded;
an eleventh capacitor through which the seventh winding second terminal is grounded;
a twelfth capacitor through which the eighth winding middle terminal is grounded;
the lange coupler is formed by interdigital coupling of four transmission lines, wherein the transmission lines are bent to save circuit area.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the quadrature mixer of the invention can realize the output of four paths of intermediate frequency signals with equal amplitude phase difference of 90 degrees on the basis of realizing low frequency conversion loss, and can further improve the image rejection degree and the isolation degree of local oscillator radio frequency signals in an optional example.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a quadrature mixer according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the internal blocks of a quadrature mixer according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a lange coupler according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a quadrature mixer circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a double balanced mixer, a lange coupler, and a power divider. The power divider can output two paths of radio frequency signals with equal amplitude and same phase; the lange coupler can provide two paths of constant-amplitude orthogonal local oscillator signals, such as constant-amplitude orthogonal local oscillator signals output by two output ends marked as '0' and '-90' in the figure, so as to drive the double-balanced mixer; the double-balanced mixer comprises a single-end-to-differential-signal transformer balun module, a stacked annular diode module, a radio frequency port RF, a local oscillator port LO and intermediate frequency output ports I and Q.
As shown in fig. 2, the module 1 may include a first local oscillator transformer balun, a first rf port transformer balun, and a first double balanced mixer.
Preferably, the first double balanced mixer further includes a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, and diodes D1, D2, D3, and D4.
Specifically, the first local oscillation transformer comprises coils L1 and L2, wherein an input port 1 of L1 receives a local oscillation signal LO1, an input port 2 of the L1 is connected with a capacitor C1 and then grounded, a port 3 of the coil L2 is connected with an anode of a diode D3 and a cathode of a diode D4, a port 4 is connected with a cathode of a diode D2 and an anode of a diode D1, an intermediate end of the L1 is connected with an intermediate end of the L2 through a capacitor C2, and an intermediate end of the L2 is an output end of the first intermediate frequency signal and grounded after the capacitor C3 is connected;
the first radio frequency transformer comprises coils L3 and L4, a port 5 receives a radio frequency signal LO1, a port 6 is connected with a capacitor C4 and then grounded, a port 7 is connected with the cathode of a diode D1 and the anode of a diode D4, a port 8 is connected with the cathode of a diode D3 and the anode of a diode D2, the middle end of the coil L3 is connected with the middle end of an L4 through a capacitor C5, and the middle end of the L4 is an output end of a second intermediate frequency signal and is connected with the capacitor C6 and then grounded.
The second capacitor C2 and the fifth capacitor C5 optimize image rejection of the circuit, and the first capacitor C1 and the third capacitor C3 are used for adjusting amplitude characteristics and phase characteristics of the first local oscillation transformer and optimizing isolation between a local oscillation port and other ports. The purpose of the fourth capacitor C4 and the sixth capacitor C6 is to adjust the amplitude characteristic and the phase characteristic of the rf transformer, and optimize the isolation between the rf port and other ports.
The amplitude of the local oscillator signal LO1 is large enough to make the diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 operate in a switching state, the frequency Vlo of the local oscillator signal is far greater than the frequency Vrf of the radio frequency signal, and the operating states of D1-D4 depend on the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of Vlo, wherein D1 and D2 are turned on during the positive half cycle of Vlo, D3 and D4 are turned off, D3 and D4 are turned on during the negative half cycle of Vlo, and D1 and D2 are turned off.
Under the condition of matching of the frequency mixing circuit, the total current has no local oscillation signal and radio frequency signal, so that enough image suppression degree and sideband suppression degree can be realized, and good local oscillation radio frequency signal isolation is provided.
As shown in fig. 2, module 2 may include a second local oscillator transformer balun, a second rf port transformer balun, and a first double balanced mixer,
preferably, the capacitor further comprises a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a ninth capacitor C9, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11, a twelfth capacitor C12, and diodes D5, D6, D7 and D8.
Specifically, the second local oscillation transformer includes coils L5 and L6, a port 9 of the second local oscillation transformer receives a local oscillation signal LO2, a port 10 of the second local oscillation transformer is grounded after being connected with a capacitor C7, a port 11 of the second local oscillation transformer is connected with a cathode of a diode D7 and an anode of a diode D6, a port 12 of the second local oscillation transformer is connected with an anode of a diode D8 and a cathode of a diode D5, an intermediate end of a coil L5 is connected with an intermediate end of an L6 through a capacitor C8, and an intermediate end of the L6 is an output end of a third intermediate frequency signal and is grounded after being connected with a;
the input port 13 of the second RF transformer receives RF signal RF2, the input port 14 of the second RF transformer is connected to the ground after being connected to the capacitor C10, the port 15 is connected to the anode of the diode D5 and the cathode of the diode D6, the port 16 is connected to the anode of the diode D7 and the cathode of the diode D8, the middle terminal of the coil L7 is connected to the middle terminal of the L8 through the capacitor C11, and the middle terminal of the L8 is the output terminal of the fourth if signal and is connected to the ground after being connected to the capacitor C12.
The eighth capacitor C8 and the eleventh capacitor C11 optimize the image rejection degree of the circuit, and the seventh capacitor C7 and the ninth capacitor C9 are used for adjusting the amplitude characteristic and the phase characteristic of the second local oscillation transformer and optimizing the isolation between the local oscillation port and other ports; the purpose of the tenth capacitor C10 and the twelfth capacitor C12 is to adjust the amplitude characteristic and the phase characteristic of the rf transformer, and optimize the isolation between the rf port and other ports.
The amplitude of the local oscillator signal LO2 is large enough to make the diodes D5, D6, D7 and D8 operate in a switching state, the frequency Vlo of the local oscillator signal is far greater than the frequency Vrf of the radio frequency signal, and the operating states of D5-D8 depend on the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of Vlo, wherein D7 and D8 are turned on during the positive half cycle of Vlo, D5 and D6 are turned off, D5 and D6 are turned on during the negative half cycle of Vlo, and D7 and D8 are turned off.
Under the condition of matching of the frequency mixing circuit, the total current has no local oscillation signal and radio frequency signal, so that enough image suppression degree and sideband suppression degree can be realized, and good local oscillation radio frequency signal isolation is provided.
As shown in fig. 3, the lange coupler used in this embodiment uses improved interdigital coupling to bend the transmission line, which saves circuit area, and the present invention uses four coupled lines connected to each other to achieve the purpose of tight coupling, so that it realizes a coupling ratio of 3dB, which is helpful to compensate for the inequality of the even mode and the odd mode, and increases the working frequency bandwidth of the coupler.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A quadrature mixer circuit comprising a power divider block, a Langerg coupler block and a double balanced mixer block, wherein,
the power divider module converts a radio frequency input signal into a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and same phase;
the Langerg coupler converts the local oscillator input signal into a first local oscillator signal and a second local oscillator signal which are orthogonal in equal amplitude;
the double balanced mixer module comprises
The first double-balanced mixer comprises a first radio-frequency signal input end, a first local oscillator signal input end, a first intermediate-frequency signal output end and a second intermediate-frequency signal output end, wherein the first radio-frequency signal input end is used for receiving the first radio-frequency signal, the first local oscillator signal input end is used for receiving the first local oscillator signal, and the first intermediate-frequency signal output end and the second intermediate-frequency signal output end respectively output a first intermediate-frequency output signal and a second intermediate-frequency output signal;
the second double balanced mixer comprises a second radio-frequency signal input end, a second local oscillator signal input end, a third intermediate-frequency signal output end and a fourth intermediate-frequency signal output end, wherein the second radio-frequency signal input end is used for receiving the second radio-frequency signal, the second local oscillator signal input end is used for receiving the second local oscillator signal, and the third intermediate-frequency signal output end and the fourth intermediate-frequency signal output end respectively output a third intermediate-frequency output signal and a fourth intermediate-frequency output signal;
the phase difference between the first intermediate frequency output signal and the second intermediate frequency output signal is 180 degrees, the phase difference between the third intermediate frequency output signal and the fourth intermediate frequency output signal is 180 degrees, and the phase difference between the second intermediate frequency output signal and the third intermediate frequency output signal is 90 degrees.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first double balanced mixer comprises
A first transformer structure comprising a first winding and a second winding, wherein the first winding comprises a first winding first end, a first winding second end, and a first winding middle end, and the second winding comprises a second winding first end, a second winding second end, and a second winding middle end;
a second transformer structure comprising a third winding and a fourth winding, wherein the third winding comprises a third winding first end, a third winding second end, and a third winding middle end, and the fourth winding comprises a fourth winding first end, a fourth winding second end, and a fourth winding middle end;
the first tube stack type diode structure comprises first to fourth diodes which are connected end to end; wherein
The first end of the first winding is the first radio frequency signal input end;
the first end of the second winding is connected with the anode of the third diode and the cathode of the fourth diode;
the second end of the second winding is connected with the cathode of the second diode and the anode of the first diode;
the middle end of the second winding is the first intermediate-frequency signal output end;
the first end of the third winding is the first local oscillator signal input end;
the first end of the fourth winding is connected with the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the fourth diode;
the second end of the fourth winding is connected with the anode of the second diode and the cathode of the third diode;
and the middle end of the fourth winding is the second intermediate-frequency signal output end.
3. The circuit of claim 2, further comprising
And the first capacitor is connected with the middle end of the first winding and the middle end of the second winding.
4. The circuit of claim 2, further comprising
And the second capacitor is connected with the middle end of the third winding and the middle end of the fourth winding.
5. The circuit of any of claims 2-4, further comprising
A third capacitor through which the first winding second end is grounded;
the middle end of the second winding is grounded through the fourth capacitor;
a fifth capacitor through which the third winding second terminal is grounded;
and the middle end of the fourth winding is grounded through the sixth capacitor.
6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein said second double balanced mixer comprises
A third transformer structure comprising a fifth winding and a sixth winding, wherein the fifth winding comprises a fifth winding first end, a fifth winding second end, and a fifth winding middle end, and the sixth winding comprises a sixth winding first end, a sixth winding second end, and a sixth winding middle end;
a fourth transformer structure comprising a seventh winding and an eighth winding, wherein the seventh winding comprises a seventh winding first end, a seventh winding second end, and a seventh winding middle end, and the eighth winding comprises an eighth winding first end, an eighth winding second end, and an eighth winding middle end;
the second tube stack type diode structure comprises fifth to eighth diodes which are connected end to end; wherein
The first end of the fifth winding is the second radio frequency signal input end;
the first end of the sixth winding is connected with the cathode of the seventh diode and the anode of the sixth diode;
a second end of the sixth winding is connected with the anode of the eighth diode and the cathode of the fifth diode;
the middle end of the sixth winding is the third intermediate-frequency signal output end;
the first end of the seventh winding is the second local oscillator signal input end;
the first end of the eighth winding is connected with the anode of the fifth diode and the cathode of the sixth diode;
the second end of the eighth winding is connected with the anode of the seventh diode and the cathode of the eighth diode;
and the middle end of the eighth winding is the fourth intermediate frequency signal output end.
7. The circuit of claim 6, further comprising
And the seventh capacitor is connected with the middle end of the fifth winding and the middle end of the sixth winding.
8. The circuit of claim 6, further comprising
And the eighth capacitor is connected with the middle end of the seventh winding and the middle end of the eighth winding.
9. The circuit of any of claims 6-8, further comprising
A ninth capacitor through which the fifth winding second terminal is grounded;
a tenth capacitor through which the sixth winding middle terminal is grounded;
an eleventh capacitor through which the seventh winding second terminal is grounded;
and the middle end of the eighth winding is grounded through the twelfth capacitor.
10. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the lange coupler is formed by interdigital coupling of four transmission lines, wherein the transmission lines are bent to save circuit area.
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| CN202010882875.4A CN112117972A (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Quadrature mixer circuit |
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| CN202010882875.4A CN112117972A (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Quadrature mixer circuit |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113258242A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-08-13 | 之江实验室 | Eight-path orthogonal power combiner based on transformer |
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Application publication date: 20201222 |