CN112113481A - A device and method for measuring the geometry of a dam body break in a flume test - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the geometric shape of a dam body break in a water tank test, comprising a roller linear guide rail fixed on the top of the water tank. The openings of the two roller linear guides are arranged oppositely. A cylindrical guide is arranged between the two roller linear guides. A slider is slidably connected to the cylindrical guide, and the slider can rotate around the cylindrical guide. A vertical measuring rod is connected to the slider. The lower end of the rod protrudes into the water tank, and the protruding length can be adjusted, and the lower end of the vertical measuring rod is connected with a measuring hammer. By installing a measuring tool on the top of the water tank, the invention can measure the geometric parameters of the breach by only operating on the top, which is very convenient; the invention is not easily affected by the fluctuating water surface and the turbid water body; the linear guide rail is a precision part, which slides and rolls. The friction coefficient is small, the sensitivity is high, and the measurement accuracy is greatly improved.

Description

A device and method for measuring the geometry of a dam body break in a flume test

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of dam breaking hydraulic model tests, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the geometric shape of a dam body break in a water tank test.

Background technique

In the design and management of hydraulic engineering, it is very important to timely and effectively predict the catastrophic flow phenomenon of dam body failure. At present, physical model test is an important method to study the practical problems of this type of engineering in the water conservancy industry, and complex practical problems can be solved by similar principles. The dam failure hydraulic model test is carried out in the water tank, which can simulate the process of observing the dam failure in reality. The development of the breach determines the flood flow and the dam failure process, and is an important part of the dam breach research. Therefore, the measurement method of the geometric size of the breach has become an important issue in the test.

Existing measuring devices for geometric dimensions are mainly divided into two categories: contact measurement and non-contact measurement. Contact-type measuring devices include ruler-type measuring tools, such as rulers, vernier calipers, spiral micrometers, etc., which have the characteristics of simple operation and high precision, but are easily affected by the size of the measured component and the measurement space. However, there is an interaction between the device and the water flow, which has a certain impact on the original flow state of the water flow and the measurement accuracy; non-contact measurement devices are mainly realized by optical and optical sensors, such as theodolites. , total station, AR measuring instrument, etc., which have the characteristics of high speed, accuracy, and are less affected by the limitation of the measurement space, but are easily affected by the measurement environment temperature, lighting conditions, etc., and the measurement accuracy is even impossible to measure.

During the dam break hydraulic model test, due to the fast test process and the limitation of the measurement space, it is difficult for the test personnel to enter the interior of the test tank, and directly use the measuring tool to quickly and effectively measure the geometric size of the break; and the measurement object is in In turbid water, the optical path passes through the solid-liquid-gas three-phase body, and is easily affected by the fluctuating water surface, so it is difficult to measure the corresponding size through optical measurement equipment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for measuring the geometrical shape of the dam body in the water tank test, which can measure the geometrical size of the fracture in the water tank test of the dam-breaking hydraulic model, breaking through the limitation of the space environment to a certain extent , has the advantages of simple structure, convenient implementation, accurate results, and not limited by space environment.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A device for measuring the geometric shape of a dam body break in a water tank test, comprising a roller linear guide fixed on the top of the water tank, the roller linear guide has two, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the water tank in parallel, and the openings of the two roller linear guides Relatively arranged, a cylindrical guide rail is arranged between the two roller linear guide rails, a sliding block is slidably connected to the cylindrical guide rail, and the sliding block can rotate around the cylindrical guide rail, a vertical measuring rod is connected to the sliding block, and the lower end of the vertical measuring rod extends into the water tank In the middle, and the extension length can be adjusted, the lower end of the vertical measuring rod is connected with a measuring hammer.

Specifically, the slider is a plate-like structure, and the two sides of the slider are fixed with collars, the collar is a cuboid structure, and a threaded through hole is opened inside, and the collar fixed on one side of the slider has a threaded through hole. Vertically arranged, the vertical measuring rod is threaded in the threaded through hole of the collar; two collars are fixed on the other side of the slider, the threaded through holes of the two collars are horizontally arranged, and the threads of the two collars are The centerlines of the through holes are coincident, and the cylindrical guide rails are threaded in the threaded through holes of the two collars. The sliding block can be rotated and slid on the cylindrical guide rail, and the length of the vertical measuring rod extending into the water tank can be adjusted. The vertical measuring rod can rotate 360° around the cylindrical linear guide through the slider, slide axially along the cylindrical linear guide, slide along the collar (vertical measuring rod axial direction), and can shrink the threaded wall by tightening the positioning nut. It can be locked at any angle and any position, thereby improving the flexibility and practicability of the overall tool.

Further, a positioning ring is threadedly connected to each of the two collars on the other side of the slider, and the two positioning rings are respectively located at one end of the two collars away from each other; the positioning ring includes a positioning hollow screw and a positioning nut, and the positioning hollow screw is inside There are hollow through holes of equal diameter, the positioning hollow screw has two connecting parts, the two connecting parts are integrated, and the outer surfaces of the two connecting parts are both provided with external threads, wherein the outer diameter of the first connecting part is smaller than that of the second connecting part. , the outer diameter of the connecting part 1 is equal to the inner diameter of the through hole of the inner thread of the collar, and the outer diameters of the two ends of the connecting part 2 are not equal. There is a gap along the length of the gap, and the opening size of the gap decreases from the small end to the large end.

Further, the cylindrical linear guide includes a short cylindrical guide and a long cylindrical guide. One end of the long cylindrical guide is connected to the roller through a positioning ring, and the other end is a threaded end for connecting the short cylindrical guide, and the threaded end is connected to the short cylindrical guide through the positioning ring. ;The interior of the cylindrical short guide rail is hollow, one end of which is connected to the threaded end of the cylindrical long guide rail through the positioning ring, and the other end is connected to the roller through the positioning ring.

The overall length of the cylindrical linear guide can be adjusted by controlling the length of the threaded end of the cylindrical long guide rail on the positioning hollow screw, and the positioning nut can be tightened to shrink the threaded wall there, so as to realize the rigid connection between the positioning ring and the cylindrical long guide rail. Fix the overall length of the cylindrical linear guide to adapt to the distance between the two roller linear guides.

Preferably, the roller comprises a wheel, a wheel axle and a wheel cover, one end of the wheel axle is rigidly connected to the wheel, the other end of the wheel axle is threadedly connected to the wheel cover, the wheel axle is located in the positioning hollow screw and can rotate freely. The threaded wall restricts the rolling of the roller. The diameter of the wheel cover is larger than the inner diameter of the positioning hollow screw and smaller than the outer diameter of the connecting part of the positioning hollow screw. The diameter of the wheel cover is larger than the inner diameter of the positioning hollow screw and smaller than the outer diameter of the annular end of the positioning hollow screw (the inner diameter of the cylindrical linear guide), which can limit the axial displacement of the roller along the cylindrical linear guide.

Preferably, the lower end of the vertical measuring rod is detachably connected to the measuring hammer. The measuring hammer can be replaced with other measuring hammers of different shapes or other parameter measuring instruments can be installed to facilitate the measurement of specific needs, such as flow rate measuring instruments. The diameter of the vertical measuring rod can be designed to be smaller, and it is less affected by the impact of water flow. The hammer has enough weight not to be impelled by the current.

Preferably, the roller linear guide, the cylindrical linear guide and the vertical measuring rod are all made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, and are all engraved with scale lines.

A method for measuring the geometric shape of a dam body breach, comprising the following steps:

1) First, install the roller linear guide rails in parallel on both sides of the top of the sink, and after assembling the positioning ring, roller, cylindrical short guide rail and cylindrical long guide rail, adjust the length of the cylindrical linear guide rail, and place the cylindrical linear guide rail between the roller linear guide rails;

2) Move the slider along the Y direction to the XOZ plane where the target point is located, and make the vertical measuring rod in a vertical state by self-locking by gravity, tighten the positioning rings on the left and right sides of the slider, and fix the vertical measuring rod on the Y axis and the cylinder The angle between the linear guide and the vertical measuring rod;

3) Move the cylindrical linear guide along the X-axis, move the vertical measuring rod up and down along the Z-axis, move the measuring hammer to the position of the measured target point A, and record the scale line data on the roller linear guide, cylindrical linear guide, and vertical measuring rod, That is, the coordinates of point A are (x ₁ , y ₁ , z ₁ ). After a certain process, the measured target point A is moved to A', and the data is recorded again, that is, the coordinates of A' are (x ₁ ', y ₁ ', z ₁ ′);

4) Repeat the above operation to obtain the coordinate change of each feature point, and then the change process of the geometric size of the fracture can be calculated.

Install multiple cylindrical linear guides between two roller linear guides to measure multiple sections simultaneously.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

By installing the measuring tool on the top of the water tank, the present invention can measure the geometric parameters of the rupture by only operating on the top, which is very convenient;

The invention can adapt to the test environment of hydraulic model test to a large extent, and is not easily affected by fluctuating water surface and turbid water body; the linear guide rail is a precision part, with small sliding and rolling friction coefficients, high sensitivity, and greatly improved measurement accuracy At the same time, the measuring hammer can move in space in the three directions of X, Y and Z, which makes the whole device have great flexibility; In order to meet the measurement of various parameters, it can be replaced with a measuring hammer of different shapes or installed with other parameter measuring instruments for measurement, which expands the measurable range and application range.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the tool space layout diagram of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram of the tool structure of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the detailed structure schematic diagram of the cylindrical linear guide rail in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the structure of the slider in Fig. 2, wherein 4a is a front view structure, 4b is a rear view structure, 4c is a top view structure, and 4d is a side view structure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the detailed structure of the slider and the positioning ring in FIG. 2;

Figure 6 is the test layout of the dam-breaking hydraulic model water tank;

Figure 7 shows the evolution of the fracture geometry.

In the figure: 1 is the roller linear guide, 2 is the cylindrical linear guide, 3 is the cylindrical short guide, 4 is the cylindrical long guide, 5 is the roller, 6 is the wheel, 7 is the axle, 8 is the wheel cover, 9 is the slider, 10 is a collar, 11 is a vertical measuring rod, 12 is a measuring hammer, 13 is a positioning ring, 14 is a positioning hollow screw, and 15 is a positioning nut.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1-4, a device for measuring the geometry of the dam break in the water tank test is used in the water tank test of the dam breaking hydraulic model, including roller linear guides 1, cylindrical linear guides 2, and cylindrical short guides 3 , Cylindrical long guide rail 4, roller 5, wheel 6, axle 7, wheel cover 8, slider 9, collar 10, vertical measuring rod 11, measuring hammer 12, positioning ring 13, positioning hollow screw 14 and positioning nut 15.

In this embodiment, there are a total of two roller linear guide rails 1, which are placed on both ends of the top of the water tank, and are connected to the cylindrical linear guide rail 2 through the roller 5, and the two are located on the same plane, so that the cylindrical linear guide rail 2 can be on the plane. move up.

In this embodiment, the cylindrical linear guide 2 is mainly composed of a short cylindrical guide 3 , a long cylindrical guide 4 and a positioning ring 13 .

The short cylindrical guide rail 3 is hollow inside, and the inner diameter _d2 of the short cylindrical guide rail is equal to the outer diameter D ₁₄ ″ of the annular end of the positioning hollow screw 14, that is, the rigid connection between the positioning ring 13 and the cylindrical short guide rail 3 can be realized by tightening the positioning hollow screw 14;

The diameter D4 of the threaded end of the cylindrical long guide rail ₄ is equal to the inner diameter d14 of the positioning hollow screw ₁₄ , and the overall length of the cylindrical linear guide rail 2 can be adjusted by controlling the length of the threaded end of the cylindrical long guide rail 4 on the positioning hollow screw 14. Tighten the positioning nut 15 to shrink the threaded wall there, so as to realize the rigid connection between the positioning ring 13 and the cylindrical long guide rail 4, and the overall length of the cylindrical linear guide 2 can be fixed to adapt to the distance between the two roller linear guides 1.

In this embodiment, the rollers 5 are built into the roller linear guide rails 1 on both sides, and are composed of three parts: a wheel 6 , a wheel shaft 7 and a wheel cover 8 .

The wheel 6 and the axle 7 are rigidly connected. The wheel axle 7 and the wheel cover 8 are screwed together and can be disassembled.

The diameter D7 of the wheel shaft ₇ is slightly smaller than the inner diameter d14 of the positioning hollow screw ₁₄ , that is, the wheel shaft 7 can rotate freely in the positioning hollow screw 14, and by tightening the positioning nut 15, the threaded wall at this place is contracted, thereby restricting the rolling of the roller 5, Control the position of the cylindrical linear guide 2 on the roller linear guide 1 (X axis).

The diameter D ₈ of the wheel cover 8 is larger than the inner diameter d ₁₄ of the positioning hollow screw 14 and smaller than the outer diameter D ₁₄ ″ of the connecting part 1 of the positioning hollow screw 14 (the inner diameter d ₂ of the cylindrical linear guide 2 ), so that the roller 5 can be restricted from moving along the cylinder. The axial displacement of the linear guide 2. The roller 5 is connected with the cylindrical linear guide 2 through the positioning ring 13.

In this embodiment, both the front and back of the slider 9 are collars 10 , the cylindrical linear guide 2 and the vertical measuring rod 11 are connected by the collars 10 , and the rigidity of the positioning rings 13 and the collars 10 can be realized by tightening the positioning hollow screw 14 connect.

The vertical measuring rod 11 can rotate 360° around the cylindrical linear guide rail 2 through the slider 9, slide axially along the cylindrical linear guide rail 2, slide along the collar 10 (the vertical measuring rod 11 axial direction), and can be tightened by tightening the positioning nut. 15. Shrink the threaded wall there and lock it at any angle and position, thereby improving the flexibility and practicability of the overall tool.

In this embodiment, the measuring hammer 12 is connected with the vertical measuring rod 11 through a thread, and can be disassembled. The measuring hammer 12 can be replaced with other measuring hammers 12 of different shapes or other parameter measuring instruments can be installed to facilitate the measurement of specific requirements. For example, a flow meter, etc. The diameter of the vertical measuring rod 11 is designed to be small, and is less affected by the impact of water flow. The weight 12 has sufficient weight not to be impelled by the current.

In this embodiment, the positioning ring 13 is mainly composed of a positioning hollow screw 14 and a positioning nut 15. The cylindrical linear guide 2 can adjust the overall length by controlling the length of the threaded end of the cylindrical long guide 4 on the positioning hollow screw 14, and the positioning ring 13 can be used. Fix the length to fit the distance between the two roller linear guides 1.

The inner diameter d ₁₄ of the positioning hollow screw 14 is equal in length, and the inner diameter d ₁₄ of the hollow through hole in the positioning hollow screw is equal to the diameter D 4 of the threaded end of the cylindrical long guide rail ₄ , slightly larger than the diameter D 7 of the axle 7 , and smaller than the diameter D ₇ of the wheel cover 8 . Diameter _D8 . An outer diameter D ₁₄ ″ of the connecting portion of the positioning hollow screw 14 is equal to the inner diameter d ₂ of the short cylindrical guide rail 3 , equal to the inner diameter d ₁₀ of the collar 10 , and larger than the diameter D _{8 of the wheel cover 8} .

The outer diameter D ₁₅ of the positioning nut 15 and the outer diameter D ₁₄ ′ of the two large ends of the connecting portion of the positioning hollow screw 14 are all equal to the outer diameter D ₂ of the short cylindrical guide rail 3 . The inner diameter d ₁₅ of the positioning nut 15 is equal to the outer diameter D ₁₄ of the second small end of the connecting portion of the positioning hollow screw 14 . Tightening the positioning nut 15 can shrink the threaded wall there, thereby restricting the displacement and rotation of objects in the wall.

In this embodiment, the roller linear guide 1, the cylindrical linear guide 2, and the vertical measuring rod 11 are all made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, and are all engraved with scales. All directions have high rigidity, high measurement accuracy, and corrosion resistance. , not easily damaged.

Based on the measurement, the method for measuring the geometry of the dam body breach includes the following steps:

1) First, install the roller linear guide 1 in parallel on both sides of the top of the sink. After assembling the other components, adjust the length of the cylindrical linear guide 2 and place it in the roller linear guide 1.

2) Move the slider 9 along the Y direction to the XOZ plane where the target point is located, self-locking by gravity, the vertical measuring rod 11 is in a vertical state, tighten the positioning rings 13 on the left and right sides of the slider, and fix the vertical measuring rod 11 (including the measuring hammer). 12) The position on the Y axis and the angle between the cylindrical linear guide 2 and the vertical measuring rod 11.

3) Move the cylindrical linear guide 2 along the X axis, move the vertical measuring rod 11 (including the measuring hammer 12) up and down along the Z axis, move the measuring hammer 12 to the position of the measured target point A, and record the position on the roller linear guide 1 and the cylindrical straight line The data of the guide rail 2 and the vertical measuring rod 11, that is, the coordinates of point A are (x ₁ , y ₁ , z ₁ ). After a certain process, the measured target point A is moved to A', and the data is recorded again, that is, the A' coordinates is (x ₁ ′, y ₁ ′, z ₁ ′).

4) Repeat the above operation to obtain the coordinate change of each feature point, and then the change process of the geometric size of the fracture can be calculated.

Example: In the hydraulic model test of earth-rock dam failure, the height of the dam body model is H=80cm, the length along the dam axis B=100cm, the width of the crest L ₀ =50cm, and the upstream and downstream slope ratio i=1:1.5. In the middle of the dam crest, a trapezoidal discharge groove is set up. The bottom width of the discharge groove is b ₀ =5cm and the groove depth h ₀ =12cm. Considering the self-stability requirements of the slope, the slope is i ₀ =1:1. Before the start of the test, install the measuring device according to the above operation, and the position of the target point A to be measured is shown in the figure.

First, move the slider 9 along the Y direction, so that the vertical measuring rod 11 is in the XOZ plane where the target point A is located, and through gravity self-locking, place the vertical measuring rod 11 in the vertical direction, and tighten the positioning rings 13 on the left and right sides of the slider 9 , fix the position of the vertical measuring rod 11 (including the measuring hammer 12) on the Y-axis and the angle between the vertical measuring rod 11 and the cylindrical linear guide 2;

Then, move the cylindrical linear guide 2 along the X-axis so that the vertical measuring rod 11 is in the YOZ plane where the target point A is located, and tighten the positioning ring 13 inside the roller 5 to fix the vertical measuring rod 11 (including the measuring hammer 12) on the X-axis. position, so that the vertical measuring rod 11 (including the measuring hammer 12) can only move up and down along the Z axis;

Finally, move the vertical measuring rod 11 (including the measuring hammer 12) up and down along the Z axis, so that the measuring hammer 12 touches the target point A, and read the data A ( x ₁ , y ₁ , z ₁ ).

The measured coordinates of the target point A are (234.50, 35.50, 68.00).

After a period of time after the start of the test, the dam body begins to burst, and the burst gradually develops and expands, and the point A evolves to A'. Repeat the above operation, and the coordinates of the target point A' can be obtained as (257.30, 28.90, 43.10).

Finally, the coordinate change process of a series of target points can be obtained, which can reflect the change of the fracture geometry, as shown in Figure 7.

Further, multiple devices of the present invention are arranged on the same roller linear guide 1, so that simultaneous measurement of multiple sections can be performed, as shown in FIG. 4 . For example, YOZ section 2, in order to record the change of the top width of the downstream rupture surface in a certain period of time, the cylindrical linear guide 2 can be moved along the X axis to the YOZ section 2, and fixed by tightening the positioning ring 13; lock, so that the vertical measuring rod 11 is in a vertical state, move the vertical measuring rod 11 along the Z axis so that the measuring hammer 12 happens to be at the top of the fracture surface, tighten the positioning ring 13 to lock the height of the measuring hammer 12; move the slider 9 along the Y axis to make The measuring hammer 12 touches the left end and the right end of the rupture one after another, and quickly reads and records the readings engraved on the cylindrical linear guide 2, the difference between the two is the instantaneous top width of the downstream rupture surface; repeat the above operation every same time, The resulting series of data is the change of the top width of the downstream rupture surface during this time period.

Further, in order to record the change of the depth of the downstream fracture surface in a certain period of time, similar to the above operation, it is only necessary to tighten the positioning ring 7 to fix the cylindrical linear guide 2 and the slider 9, move the vertical measuring rod 11 along the Z-axis direction and read the reading. , you can understand the change of the depth of the downstream rupture surface during this period.

Further, in order to measure the flow velocity change situation of a certain space point, such as the point shown in YOZ section 1, remove the measuring hammer 12 and install the flow velocity measuring instrument, and tighten the positioning ring 7 to fix the cylindrical linear guide 2, the vertical measuring rod 11 and Slide the slider 9, so that the flow velocity measuring instrument is located at this point, and the flow velocity change at this spatial point can be measured.

By installing a measuring tool on the top of the water tank and performing the measurement operation, the invention does not need to enter the inside of the water tank, breaks through the limitation of the space environment to a certain extent, is simple and convenient to operate, not only has high geometric measurement accuracy, but also can perform fixed-point multi-function measurement. Meet the various needs of the test.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, the position of each facility can also be adjusted without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these adjustments should also be regarded as the present invention. the scope of protection of the invention.

The unexplained parts involved in the present invention are the same as or implemented by the prior art.

Claims (9)

1. a device for measuring the geometric shape of the dam body break in the water tank test, it is characterized in that, comprise the roller linear guide rail fixed on the top of the water tank, the roller linear guide rail has two, are respectively arranged in parallel on both sides of the water tank, and the two The openings of the two roller linear guides are arranged oppositely. A cylindrical guide is arranged between the two roller linear guides. A slider is slidably connected to the cylindrical guide, and the slider can rotate around the cylindrical guide. A vertical measuring rod is connected to the slider. The lower end of the rod protrudes into the water tank, and the protruding length can be adjusted, and the lower end of the vertical measuring rod is connected with a measuring hammer. 2. The device for measuring the geometry of the dam body break in a water tank test according to claim 1, wherein the sliding block is a plate-like structure, and both sides of the sliding block are fixed with collars, the collars It is a cuboid structure with a threaded through hole inside, a collar fixed on one side of the slider, the threaded through hole is vertically arranged, and the vertical measuring rod is threaded in the threaded through hole of the collar; the other side of the slider Two ferrules are fixedly arranged, the threaded through holes of the two ferrules are arranged horizontally, the center lines of the threaded through holes of the two ferrules overlap, and the cylindrical guide rail is threadedly connected in the threaded through holes of the two ferrules. 3. The device for measuring the geometry of the dam body break in a water tank test according to claim 2, wherein each of the two collars on the other side of the slider is threadedly connected with a positioning ring, and the two The positioning rings are respectively located at the ends of the two sets of rings away from each other; the positioning ring includes a positioning hollow screw and a positioning nut, the positioning hollow screw has hollow through holes of equal diameter inside, and the positioning hollow screw has two connecting parts, and the two connecting parts are integral structure , the outer surfaces of the two connecting parts are provided with external threads, wherein the outer diameter of the connecting part 1 is smaller than the outer diameter of the connecting part 2; It varies, the end close to the connecting part 1 is the big end, the end far from the connecting part 1 is the small end, the connecting part 2 has a gap along its length direction, and the opening size of the gap decreases in turn from the small end to the large end, and the cylindrical The guide rail extends into and out of the positioning hollow screw rod, and the positioning nut is screwed on the second connecting part along the small end. 4. The device for measuring the geometry of the dam body break in a water tank test according to claim 3, wherein the cylindrical linear guide rail comprises a cylindrical short guide rail and a cylindrical long guide rail, and one end of the cylindrical long guide rail is connected by a positioning ring Roller, the other end is the threaded end for connecting the cylindrical short guide rail, the threaded end is connected with the cylindrical short guide rail through the positioning ring; the cylindrical short guide rail is hollow inside, one end of which is connected to the threaded end of the cylindrical long guide rail through the positioning ring, and the other end passes through the positioning ring. Connect the scroll wheel. 5. The device for measuring the geometry of the dam body break in a water tank test according to claim 4, wherein the roller comprises a wheel, an axle and a wheel cover, one end of the axle is rigidly connected to the wheel, and the other side of the axle is rigidly connected to the wheel. One end of the wheel cover is threadedly connected, and the wheel shaft is located in the positioning hollow screw and can rotate freely. By tightening the positioning nut, the threaded wall at the connection is contracted to limit the rolling of the roller. The diameter of the wheel cover is larger than the inner diameter of the positioning hollow screw and smaller than the connecting part of the positioning hollow screw. the outer diameter. 6 . The device for measuring the geometry of the dam body break in a water tank test according to claim 1 , wherein the lower end of the vertical measuring rod is detachably connected to the measuring hammer. 7 . 7. The device for measuring the geometry of the dam body break in a water tank test according to claim 1, wherein the roller linear guide, the cylindrical linear guide and the vertical measuring rod are all made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, and All are engraved with tick marks. 8. A measuring method of dam body burst geometry, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 1) First, install the roller linear guide rails in parallel on both sides of the top of the sink, and after assembling the positioning ring, roller, cylindrical short guide rail and cylindrical long guide rail, adjust the length of the cylindrical linear guide rail, and place the cylindrical linear guide rail between the roller linear guide rails; 2) Move the slider along the Y direction to the XOZ plane where the target point is located, and make the vertical measuring rod in a vertical state by self-locking by gravity, tighten the positioning rings on the left and right sides of the slider, and fix the vertical measuring rod on the Y axis and the cylinder The angle between the linear guide and the vertical measuring rod; 3) Move the cylindrical linear guide along the X-axis, move the vertical measuring rod up and down along the Z-axis, move the measuring hammer to the position of the measured target point A, and record the scale line data on the roller linear guide, cylindrical linear guide, and vertical measuring rod, That is, the coordinates of point A are (x ₁ , y ₁ , z ₁ ). After a certain process, the measured target point A is moved to A', and the data is recorded again, that is, the coordinates of A' are (x ₁ ', y ₁ ', z ₁ ′); 4) Repeat the above operation to obtain the coordinate change of each feature point, and then the change process of the geometric size of the fracture can be calculated. 9 . The method for measuring the geometry of a dam body break according to claim 8 , wherein a plurality of cylindrical linear guide rails are installed between the two roller linear guide rails to measure the plurality of sections synchronously. 10 .

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