CN103743359A - External thread coaxiality error measuring method - Google Patents
External thread coaxiality error measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103743359A CN103743359A CN201310720718.3A CN201310720718A CN103743359A CN 103743359 A CN103743359 A CN 103743359A CN 201310720718 A CN201310720718 A CN 201310720718A CN 103743359 A CN103743359 A CN 103743359A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of measurement and specifically relates to an external thread coaxiality error measuring method. The method comprises the following steps: A. a measured external thread component is installed in a measuring area of an image measuring instrument, and axis of the component is adjusted to be parallel to the measuring axis, X axis, of the image measuring instrument; B. reasonable parameters of the image measuring instrument are selected, and focus is adjusted until a measured part of the measured external thread component is imaged clearly; C. axis position of a datum feature is measured; D. axis position of a measured feature is measured; E. coaxiality error measured value is equal to twice the difference between ordinate value of the point of the axis position of the datum feature and ordinate value of the point of the axis position of the measured feature; and F. a X-directional sliding plate of the image measuring instrument is moved, the measured external thread component is rotated, different lengthwise sections are measured, and the maximum measured value is the coaxiality error of the measured external thread component. In comparison with the prior art, the blank of external thread coaxiality precision measurement is filled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fields of measurement, specifically a kind of measuring method of external thread coaxiality error.
Background technology
Coaxiality error refers to the variation of tested axis to its datum axis.In right alignment, the ideal axis of element to be measured is coaxial with datum axis, and the theoretically exact dimension playing the role of positioning is zero.Traditional method for measuring coaxiality has: signing method, optical axis method, roundness measuring equipment method, radial run-out method of substitution, laser collimator are taken aim at target method, three coordinate measuring engine measurement method etc., but these measuring methods are all only applicable to the measurement of smooth cylinder right alignment.
Screw thread is when work (screwing), its tooth form contact both sides, and top footpath, place, footpath, the end generally all leave gap, do not participate in work (screwing), the coaxiality error of screw thread requires to measure is the right alignment of pitch diameter of thread cylinder but not the right alignment of footpath, top, footpath, end cylinder.And the pitch diameter of thread is an imaginary body diameter, this circle element of a cylinder is by the place equal with ledge width of the groove on tooth form.Bus place does not have entity, therefore, traditional contact measurement method, cannot gather its feature, thereby cannot measure its right alignment and (have bibliographical information three-dimensional coordinates measurement thread coaxiality, but its collection is footpath, screw thread top feature, requires the requirement of measuring central diameter not to be inconsistent with thread coaxiality).Though there are at present application three pins to embed the method for the analogue measurement pitch diameter of thread in screw thread alveolus, this type of measuring method complex operation, difficulty is high, efficiency is low, and measuring accuracy is also difficult to guarantee, thereby by vast survey crew, is not grasped and promote.And radiographic measurement method is a kind of non-contact measurement method, its simple operation, be easy to grasp, measuring accuracy is high, takes certain method can be applied to externally threaded measuring for the coaxiality error.
Summary of the invention
The present invention does not exist suitable method to be used for measuring externally threaded coaxiality error at present in order to solve, a kind of measuring method of external thread coaxiality error is provided, the method has carried out radiographic measurement method to utilize well, has filled up the blank of external thread right alignment precision measurement.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: the measuring method of external thread coaxiality error, the steps include:
A. tested threaded male component is arranged on to the measured zone of radiographic measurement instrument, adjusts axis of workpiece parallel with radiographic measurement instrument measurement axis (X-axis);
B. select the Reasonable Parameters of radiographic measurement instrument, adjusting focal length, until the tested part imaging clearly of tested threaded male component;
C. the axial location of measuring basis key element;
D. measure the axial location of element to be measured;
E. the twice of the difference of the ordinate value of the ordinate value of the point of the axial location of reference element and the point of element to be measured axial location is this coaxiality error measured value;
F. the X of movable image surveying instrument, to slide plate, rotates tested threaded male component, and different longitudinal sections is measured, and maximum measured value is the coaxiality error of this tested threaded male component;
Described reference element is right cylinder or external thread body, and element to be measured is right cylinder or external thread body, has an external thread body in two key elements at least;
When key element is right cylinder, measure respectively two some P about axis symmetry on right cylinder shiny surface
1(X
1, Y
1) and P
2(X
2, Y
2), obtain the mid point O between 2
1(X
o1, Y
o1), O
1be positioned at the axial location of reference element;
When key element is external thread body, the column of radiographic measurement instrument is pressed to a lead angle of screw thread rotation direction inclination of external thread body; Measure respectively 2 P a certain tooth form the right and left in tested threaded male component external thread body top side and that ordinate is identical
11, P
12, measure the left side and and P on the adjacent tooth form in its right side
12the point P that ordinate is identical
13, calculate P
11, P
12between distance and P
12, P
13between distance whether equate, if equate the central diameter cylinder bus that this ordinate position is external thread body top side, if unequal employing formula (a) calculates the displacement y of Y-direction slide plate, and Y-direction slide plate is moved to respective distance, obtain P
11', P
12' and P
13'; Calculate P
11', P
12' between distance and P
12', P
13' between distance whether equate, if equate the central diameter cylinder bus that this ordinate position is external thread body top side, if unequal employing formula (a) calculates the displacement y of Y-direction slide plate, and Y-direction slide plate is moved to respective distance, until P
11', P
12' between distance and P
12', P
13' between distance equate; X is motionless to slide plate for radiographic measurement instrument, and mobile Y-direction slide plate, to external thread body bottom side, adopts the method same with above-mentioned steps, until P
21', P
22' between distance and P
22', P
23' between distance equate, obtain P
11' and P
21' between mid point O
2(X
o2, Y
o2), O
2be positioned at the axial location of element to be measured;
In formula: y---the distance that Y-direction slide plate moves;
X
1---P
11, P
12between distance;
X
2---P
12, P
13between distance;
α 1---P
12and P
13between left side tooth form angle half-angle;
α 2---P
12and P
13between tooth form angle, right side half-angle.
Radiographic measurement instrument of the present invention can adopt the radiographic measurement instrument of this area any known, as tool microscope or projector.In steps A, the fitting operation of tested threaded male component is operation known in this field, and tested threaded male component clamping all can on radiographic measurement instrument V shape iron or between top.In steps A, tested threaded male component is arranged on radiographic measurement instrument, just thinks that the axis of tested threaded male component is parallel with surveying instrument measurement axis (X-axis).
Reference element described in the present invention is right cylinder or external thread body, and element to be measured is right cylinder or external thread body, has an external thread body in two key elements at least; Be that the present invention comprises three kinds of situations: the one, reference element is right cylinder, element to be measured is external thread body; The 2nd, reference element is external thread body, and element to be measured is external thread body; The 3rd, reference element is external thread body, and element to be measured is right cylinder.The threaded male component that meets one, three situations has double-screw bolt that external thread bearing gauge, technical requirement are high etc., and the threaded male component that meets two situations has the high studs of technical requirement etc.
In step of the present invention cylinder axis line position be measured as routine techniques known in this field, at this, do not do too much and repeat.
On the measure theory of external thread body axis of the present invention position, only need to once calculate according to formula (a), but because threaded male component itself is processed the problems such as inaccurate, may cause P
11', P
12' between distance and P
12', P
13' between distance unequal, so to continue employing formula (a) and calculate the displacement y of Y-direction slide plate, until P
11', P
12' between distance and P
12', P
13' between distance equate.
Carrying out needing before step D by the column of radiographic measurement instrument by the screw thread rotation direction of the external thread body lead angle (external thread body lead angle) that tilts, this operation is just in order to make the tooth form angle imaging clearly of external thread body, measurement data on element to be measured axial location does not affect, and this is operating as those skilled in the art and holds manageable.
The measuring method of external thread coaxiality error of the present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
(1) filled up the blank of external thread right alignment precision measurement;
(2) the coaxiality error data of measured acquisition accurately, reliably, have improved detection efficiency, for the exploitation of accurate threaded male component provides assurance;
(3) provide a kind of method of brand-new measurement external thread body central diameter cylinder axis;
(4) expanded the measurement function of radiographic measurement instrument.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the instrumentation plan of the measuring method of external thread coaxiality error of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is for finding central diameter cylinder bus schematic diagram.
In figure: 1-is top, 2-right cylinder, 3-external thread body.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
Certain tested threaded male component---external thread bearing gauge, reference element is the right cylinder 2 of diameter of phi 80mm, and element to be measured is M90 × 3 external thread body 3, and requiring concentricity tolerance is Φ 0.01mm.Applying the inventive method below above measures its coaxiality error at tool microscope (or projector):
A. by the center hole of tested external thread bearing gauge, match with top 1 of universal tool-measuring microscope, be arranged on the measured zone of tool microscope, now the axis of external thread bearing gauge is parallel with universal tool-measuring microscope measurement axis (X-axis).
B. according to right cylinder 2 diameters of tested external thread bearing gauge, tabling look-up and show that aperture should be 4.5, is this f-number by tool microscope aperture settings, and then upper and lower adjusting focal length, makes tested external thread bearing gauge imaging clearly in microscope tube.
C. the axial location of measuring basis key element: measure the some P on right cylinder 2 top side buses
1(70.537,65.056), tool microscope X is motionless to slide plate, and mobile Y-direction slide plate is to the symmetric points P on right cylinder 2 bottom side buses
2, measure P
2coordinate figure (70.537 ,-14.944), the mid point O between 2
1(70.537,25.056) are the axial location (see figure 1) of right cylinder 1, wherein X
1=X
2=X
o1, Y
o1=(X
1+ X
2)/2.
D. measure the axial location of element to be measured: by the column of radiographic measurement instrument by the screw thread rotation direction of external thread body 3 lead angle that tilts; Measure respectively external thread body 2 P 3 a certain tooth form the right and lefts in top side and that ordinate is identical of external thread bearing gauge
11(93.526,69.236), P
12(94.841,69.236), measure the left side and and P on the adjacent tooth form in its right side
12the point P that ordinate is identical
13(96.524,69.236), calculate P
11, P
12between distance be 1.315mm, P
12, P
13between distance be 1.684mm, employing formula (a) calculates the displacement y of Y-direction slide plate, wherein α 1=29.83 °, α 2=30.17 °:
And Y-direction slide plate is moved to 0.160mm along negative direction, measure P
11' (93.433,69.076), P
12' (94.933,69.076), P
13' (96.433,69.076), calculate and learn P
11', P
12' between distance and P
12', P
13' between distance be 1.500mm, two distance equate, this ordinate position is the central diameter cylinder bus (see figure 2) of external thread body 3 top sides.
X is motionless to slide plate for radiographic measurement instrument, and mobile Y-direction slide plate, to external thread body 3 bottom sides, adopts the method same with above-mentioned steps, measures P
21' (93.433 ,-18.976), P
22' (94.933 ,-18.976), P
23' (96.433 ,-18.976), obtain P
11' and P
21' between mid point O
2(93.433,25.050) (see figure 1).
E. O
1point and O
2the Y coordinate figure difference of point is 0.006mm, and its two times is 0.012mm, is this coaxiality error measured value.
F. measure the O of diverse location
1, O
2repeating step C, D, E, recording two coaxiality error measured values is 0.011mm, 0.010mm again, then by tested external thread gauge half-twist, repeating step C, D, E, first, in, to record three coaxiality error measured values be 0.011mm, 0.012mm, 0.010mm again in tail three cross sections, finally gets the 0.012mm of numerical value maximum in 6 error measured values as the final coaxiality error of tested external thread gauge.
embodiment 2
Reference element is external thread body 3, and element to be measured is right cylinder 2, and other are with embodiment 1.
embodiment 3
Certain tested threaded male component---the studs that technical requirement is high, reference element and element to be measured are respectively two external thread bodies, and the measurement of two external thread body axis positions is with reference to embodiment 1.
Claims (1)
1. the measuring method of external thread coaxiality error, is characterized in that, the steps include:
A. tested threaded male component is arranged on to the measured zone of radiographic measurement instrument, axis---X-axis is parallel with the measurement of radiographic measurement instrument to adjust axis of workpiece;
B. select the Reasonable Parameters of radiographic measurement instrument, adjusting focal length, until the tested part imaging clearly of tested threaded male component;
C. the axial location of measuring basis key element;
D. measure the axial location of element to be measured;
E. the twice of the difference of the ordinate value of the ordinate value of the point of the axial location of reference element and the point of element to be measured axial location is this coaxiality error measured value;
F. the X of movable image surveying instrument, to slide plate, rotates tested threaded male component, and different longitudinal sections is measured, and maximum measured value is the coaxiality error of this tested threaded male component;
Described reference element is right cylinder (2) or external thread body (3), and element to be measured is right cylinder (2) or external thread body (3), has an external thread body (3) in two key elements at least;
When key element is right cylinder (2), measure respectively two some P about axis symmetry on right cylinder (2) shiny surface
1(X
1, Y
1) and P
2(X
2, Y
2), obtain the mid point O between 2
1(X
o1, Y
o1), O
1be positioned at the axial location of reference element;
When key element is external thread body (3), the column of radiographic measurement instrument is pressed to a lead angle of screw thread rotation direction inclination of external thread body (3); Measure respectively 2 P a certain tooth form the right and left in tested threaded male component external thread body (3) top side and that ordinate is identical
11, P
12, measure the left side and and P on the adjacent tooth form in its right side
12the point P that ordinate is identical
13, calculate P
11, P
12between distance and P
12, P
13between distance whether equate, if equate the central diameter cylinder bus that this ordinate position is external thread body (3) top side, if unequal employing formula (a) calculates the displacement y of Y-direction slide plate, and Y-direction slide plate is moved to respective distance, obtain P
11', P
12' and P
13'; Calculate P
11', P
12' between distance and P
12', P
13' between distance whether equate, if equate the central diameter cylinder bus that this ordinate position is external thread body (3) top side, if unequal employing formula (a) calculates the displacement y of Y-direction slide plate, and Y-direction slide plate is moved to respective distance, until P
11', P
12' between distance and P
12', P
13' between distance equate; X is motionless to slide plate for radiographic measurement instrument, and mobile Y-direction slide plate, to external thread body (3) bottom side, adopts the method same with above-mentioned steps, until P
21', P
22' between distance and P
22', P
23' between distance equate, obtain P
11' and P
21' between mid point O
2(X
o2, Y
o2), O
2be positioned at the axial location of element to be measured;
In formula: y---the distance that Y-direction slide plate moves;
X
1---P
11, P
12between distance;
X
2---P
12, P
13between distance;
α 1---P
12and P
13between left side tooth form angle half-angle;
α 2---P
12and P
13between tooth form angle, right side half-angle.
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| CN201310720718.3A CN103743359B (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2013-12-24 | The measuring method of external thread coaxiality error |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310720718.3A CN103743359B (en) | 2013-12-24 | 2013-12-24 | The measuring method of external thread coaxiality error |
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| CN103743359B CN103743359B (en) | 2016-04-06 |
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| CN107687822A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-02-13 | 中核（天津）机械有限公司 | A kind of axiality detects method of adjustment |
| CN107702666A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-02-16 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | A kind of screw thread and the measuring method of reference axis axiality |
| CN109141295A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-04 | 中国地震局第监测中心 | A kind of measuring device and its measurement method of Multi-stage rotary body coaxiality error |
| CN109307486A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-05 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | A kind of coaxality measuring mechanism of screw thread and reference axis |
| CN110631541A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-31 | 湖北民族大学 | Steel product shape measurement linearity detection and correction method |
| CN110849279A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-28 | 陕西理工大学 | Compensation method for measuring pitch diameter of thread by machine vision |
| CN111899218A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-11-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Detector coaxiality detection system and method based on camera image processing |
| CN114993146A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-09-02 | 厦门航天思尔特机器人系统股份公司 | Coaxiality calibration method based on three-axis coordinate system |
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| CN109307486A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-05 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | A kind of coaxality measuring mechanism of screw thread and reference axis |
| CN107702666A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-02-16 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | A kind of screw thread and the measuring method of reference axis axiality |
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| CN109141295A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-04 | 中国地震局第监测中心 | A kind of measuring device and its measurement method of Multi-stage rotary body coaxiality error |
| CN110631541A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-31 | 湖北民族大学 | Steel product shape measurement linearity detection and correction method |
| CN110631541B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-07-23 | 湖北民族大学 | Steel product shape measurement linearity detection and correction method |
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| CN110849279B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-05-25 | 陕西理工大学 | Compensation method for measuring pitch diameter of thread by machine vision |
| CN111899218A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-11-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Detector coaxiality detection system and method based on camera image processing |
| CN111899218B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2023-09-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Detector coaxiality detection system and method based on camera image processing |
| CN114993146A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-09-02 | 厦门航天思尔特机器人系统股份公司 | Coaxiality calibration method based on three-axis coordinate system |
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