CN102032861A - Inner diameter multiparameter measuring device for large length-to-diameter ratio pipe and measuring method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an inner diameter multiparameter measuring device for a large length-to-diameter ratio pipe which is characterized by comprising a measuring table, wherein both ends of the measuring table are respectively provided with a clamping device and a measuring mechanism for the pipe; the measuring mechanism comprises a guide rail arranged on one end of the measuring table; the inside of the guide rail is horizontally provided with a handwheel-driven screw; the guide rail is matched with a screw-driven slide block which can horizontally slide along the guide rail; the slide block is detachably connected with a clamping lever which extends towards the clamping device; the end part of the clamping lever is provided with a sensor; the pipe is horizontally fixed and clamped by the clamping device; and the axial line of the pipe is perpendicular to the axial line of the sensor. The inner diameter multiparameter measuring device for a large length-to-diameter ratio pipe in the invention can be used for simultaneously measuring the inner diameter, circular degree and straightness of the measured pipe. The measuring head of the sensor can reach any cross section in the measured space to carry out the measurement without dead points for measurement.

Description

Big L/D ratio pipe fitting internal diameter multiparameter measuring device and measuring method thereof

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of big L/D ratio pipe fitting internal diameter multiparameter measuring device and measuring method thereof.

Background technology:

The measurement of axial workpiece and hole type parts occupies important status in all manufacturing industry, the result of measurement directly can have influence on the quality of cooperation and the usability of product.Because be subjected to the influence of workpiece size and this body structure, hole type parts is all low than axial workpiece on machining precision or measuring accuracy.Add that activity space is smaller, the size of measuring appliance is subjected to strict restriction, makes the parts processing of measurer own, assembly difficulty strengthen, and whole measuring accuracy is not high.The measuring accuracy of optical instrument is generally higher, but is measured as inside surface, and general optical means as sciagraphy, diffraction approach etc., can not be used, and the less light path design in space is relatively more difficult in addition.Mostly the measuring instrument of the internal diameter that present factory is commonly used is contact mechanical measurement instrument, mainly contains: micrometer inside caliper, dial bore gage, inside dial indicator etc.Three coordinate measuring machine is the novel precise surveying instrument that develops rapidly in recent years, be used for various part body geometric parameter measurements and form and position error measurement, have critical role and effect in the quality control of modern manufacturing industry, the function of three coordinate measuring machine is more and more strong at present, precision is more and more high.The gauge head of three coordinate measuring machine is measured the coordinate of at least three points arbitrarily on the circumference of measured hole, Survey Software as least square method, simulates a circle according to the algorithm of finishing then, provides diameter of a circle and deviation from circular from.But owing to be subjected to the restriction of measuring staff length, can only measure a bit of diameter in aperture and circularity, in addition, the leveling again because every product position when measuring all changes, coordinate system element of manual measurement, so three coordinate measuring machine is difficult to realize quick, quick, the online measurement requirement of modern production proposition.

Summary of the invention:

For overcoming the defective of prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly on precision, to be higher than traditional internal diameter measuring instrument, and low cost of manufacture, convenient to operation, computing method advanced person's endoporus multiparameter measuring device.

Technical solution problem of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

Big L/D ratio pipe fitting internal diameter multiparameter measuring device is characterized in that being provided with measuring table, and the clamping device and the measuring mechanism of pipe fitting is set respectively at the two ends of described measuring table;

Described measuring mechanism comprises: the guide rail that is arranged in described measuring table one end, level is provided with the leading screw that is driven by handwheel in described guide rail, and on guide rail coupling be provided with by described leading screw drive can be along the slide block of guide rail horizontal slip, be connected with the supporting rod that extends to place, described clamping device place on the described slide block removably, and be provided with sensor in the end of supporting rod; Described pipe fitting is by the clamping of described clamping device horizontal fixed, and the axis normal of the axis of pipe fitting and described sensor.

Design feature of the present invention also is:

Described clamping device comprises: first support of close described measuring mechanism one end reaches second support away from described measuring mechanism one end, described second support is provided with the end to described pipe fitting and forms the top of fixed support, described first support is provided with four and grabs chuck, described four claws of grabbing chuck form with the other end to described pipe fitting and grip, and also are provided with the gatherer that described sensor can be introduced its inner chamber along the axis of tested pipe fitting on first support.

Described sensor is disc, its card middle part is vertically connected at the end of described supporting rod, five equilibrium is distributed with four mini-inductance measurement heads on the circumference of sensor card, each mini-inductance measurement head radially stretches into the sensor inner chamber along the sensor card, and be provided with the mini-inductance measurement head connects firmly at the sensor inner chamber and first carve piece, slidably to carve the inclined-plane of piece relative on second inclined-plane and described first of carving piece in the sensor inner chamber, and described first carves piece and second and carve the radially setting of the inclined-plane of piece along described sensor card.

Adopt the method for measurement mechanism of the present invention, comprise the steps: big L/D ratio pipe fitting internal diameter measuring multiple parameters

A, pipe part level to be measured is clamped on first support and second support;

B, shake handwheel and drive slide block, supporting rod and sensor and move towards pipe part to be measured;

C, the extension elongation by the second building block trimming inductance micrometer head make the conflict inwall of tested pipe part of the outer end of mini-inductance measurement head;

D, shake the handwheel driving sensor and continue to advance to the pipe part inner chamber, the mini-inductance measurement head detects the information of measured bore during measurement, and produces induced signal, after signal amplification unit amplifies, is transferred to data acquisition unit;

E, computing machine are handled the induced signal that collects, and earlier the variation of each mini-inductance measurement head induction are converted into the position coordinates of micrometer head, go out a circle with least square fitting then, obtain the diameter and the circularity of endoporus, and show; The mini-inductance measurement head is after measured bore surface continuous sampling, and the variable quantity of each inductance probe is the linearity of measured bore.

Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:

1, measurement structure of the present invention is reasonable in design.The high precision inductance sensor that the mini-inductance measurement head adopts Switzerland TESA to generate, technical parameter is: resolution is 0.2 μ m, and linear error is 0.2%, and full scale is ± 0.5mm that overall precision is higher.All have jog adjustment device on the every sensor, can guarantee that the gauge head of sensor well contacts with the measured hole hole wall.Inductance probe is positioned opposite in twos, and the across clamping is on gauge head, and layout is not in order to obtain two groups of diameters like this, but the systematic error in order to determine to introduce by processing and assembling.

2, computing method of the present invention science more.After data collecting card collects the signal that has measured hole information of sensor output, directly do not obtain diameter by the variation of indicating value, but elder generation is according to the variation of each micrometer head indicating value, analyze whether position deviation is arranged, determine the deviation size, obtain the position coordinates of each micrometer head end, computing machine carries out least square fitting to the coordinate of these points, obtain diameter, the circularity in hole, and generate inspection record, convenient printing or preservation.

3, the present invention can measure a plurality of parameters of endoporus.Can provide internal diameter, circularity, the linearity of measured hole type parts simultaneously.Can measure the arbitrary section that transducer probe assembly can reach in the measurement range, easy to operate, measuring speed is fast.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of sensor of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is the structural representation of measuring mechanism of the present invention; Fig. 4 is an one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the present invention.

Number in the figure: 1 platform, 2 guide rails, 3 leading screws, 4 slide blocks, 5 supporting rods, 6 sensors, 61 sensor cards, 62 mini-inductance measurement heads, 63 first carve piece, 62 second building blocks, 7 handwheels, 8 first supports, 9 second supports, 10 is top, 11 four-jaw chucks, 12 gatherers, 13 clamping devices, 14 measuring mechanisms, 15 pipe fittings.

Below pass through embodiment, and the invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment:

Embodiment: the measurement mechanism of present embodiment as shown in Figure 4, be suitable for measuring the multiparameter such as internal diameter, circularity, linearity of big L/D ratio pipe fitting, this measurement mechanism comprises: a smooth measuring table 1 is provided with the clamping device 13 and measuring mechanism 14 of pipe fitting respectively at the two ends of measuring table 1.

Referring to Fig. 3, measuring mechanism 14 comprises: the guide rail 2 that is arranged in measuring table one end, be provided with leading screw 3 in the guide rail inner horizontal, leading screw 3 is driven by handwheel 7 and horizontally rotates, and on guide rail 2, being provided with slide block 4 with its coupling, slide block is driven and can be reciprocatingly slided along the guide rail level by leading screw 3, is connected with the supporting rod 5 that extends to place, clamping device 13 places on slide block removably, and be provided with four sensors 6, the axis of sensor and supporting rod axis normal in the end of supporting rod 5.

Described pipe fitting 15 is by clamping device 13 horizontal fixed clampings, and the axis normal of the axis of pipe fitting and described sensor.

Described clamping device comprises: second support 9 that first support 8 of close measuring mechanism 14 1 ends reaches away from measuring mechanism one end, second support is provided with the end to pipe fitting 15 and forms top 10 of fixed support, first support is provided with four and grabs chuck 11, described four claws of grabbing chuck form with the other end to described pipe fitting 15 and grip, and also are provided with the gatherer 12 that described sensor can be introduced its inner chamber along the axis of tested pipe fitting on first support.

Referring to Fig. 1,2, sensor 6 is disc, its card middle part is vertically connected at the end of supporting rod 5, five equilibrium is distributed with four mini-inductance measurement heads 62 on the circumference of sensor card 61, each mini-inductance measurement head radially stretches into the sensor inner chamber along the sensor card, and be provided with the mini-inductance measurement head connects firmly at the sensor inner chamber and first carve piece 63, slidably to carve the inclined-plane of piece relative on second inclined-plane and described first of carving piece 64 in the sensor inner chamber, and described first carves piece and second and carve the radially setting of the inclined-plane of piece along described sensor card 61.Carve piece 64, the second building blocks along the direction adjustment shown in Fig. 2 arrow second and can drive the axis direction slip of first building block 63, and drive the extension elongation of adjusting the mini-inductance measurement head along the mini-inductance measurement head.

Referring to Fig. 4, in the process of implement measuring, measuring mechanism and clamping device are placed on the measuring table 1, and four-jaw chuck 11, top 10 and sensor clamping bar 5 centers on same straight line.Distance between first support 8 and second support 9 can be regulated according to the length of tested pipe fitting, satisfies the measurement requirement of different length product.The measurement range of whole device is by the active length decision of leading screw 3, and maximum measurement range is the leading screw active length of twice, when the active length above a times, tested pipe fitting tune can be measured.

Concrete steps are as described below:

At first pipe part level to be measured is clamped on first support 8 and second support 9; By the extension elongation of second building block, 64 trimming inductance micrometer heads 62, make the conflict inwall of tested pipe part of the outer end of mini-inductance measurement head; Angle between adjacent two mini-inductance measurement head axis is 90 °.Under the desirable situation, four micrometer head correspondences four basic coordinate points, (L ₁, 0), (0, L ₂), (L ₃, 0), (0 ,-L ₄), L _iThe center of sensor card is to mini-inductance measurement cephalic par length during for measurement.There is error in actual measurement with respect to the coordinate of measured circle, and this moment, the coordinate figure of four gauge heads was: (L ₁, δ ₁), (δ ₂, L ₂), (L ₃, δ ₃), (δ ₄,-L ₄), utilize the coordinate of these four points to adopt least square fitting to go out a circle, thereby obtain tested diameter of a circle.

According to the principle of least square, obtain an objective function:

$F(x_0,y_0,C)=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(x_i^2+y_i^2-2x_0{x}_i-2y_0{y}_i+C)}^2$

Can obtain following system of equations according to extremum conditions:

$\frac{\∂F}{\∂x_0}=0,\frac{\∂F}{\∂y_0}=0,\frac{\∂F}{\∂C}=0$

Separating above-listed system of equations can get:

$x_0=\frac{S_{12}{S}_{23}-S_{13}{S}_{22}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="S"\; filenames="HDA0000033975330000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_{12}^2-S_{11}{S}_{22}}$

$y_0=\frac{S_{12}{S}_{13}-S_{11}{S}_{23}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="S"\; filenames="HDA0000033975330000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_{12}^2-S_{11}{S}_{22}}$

$C=\frac{1}{N}[2x_0\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i+2y_0\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{y}_i-\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(x_i^2+y_i^2)]$

Wherein:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="11"\; label="S"\; filenames="HDA0000033975330000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_{11}=2[\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i^2-\frac{1}{N}{\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i\right)}^2]$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="S"\; filenames="HDA0000033975330000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_{12}=2[\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i{y}_i-\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{y}_i]$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="13"\; label="S"\; filenames="HDA0000033975330000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_{13}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(x_i^3+x_i{y}_i^2)-\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(x_i^2+y_i^2)$

$S_{22}=2[\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{y}_i^2-\frac{1}{N}{\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{y}_i\right)}^2]$

$S_{23}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(x_i^2{y}_i+y_i^3)-\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{y}_i\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(x_i^2+y_i^2)$

Can obtain diameter value is:

$d=2\sqrt{x_0^2+y_0^2-C}.$

Claims (4)

1. A multi-parameter measuring device for the internal diameter of a pipe fitting with a large length-to-diameter ratio, which is characterized in that a measuring platform (1) is provided, and a clamping mechanism (13) and a measuring mechanism (14) for the pipe fitting are respectively arranged at both ends of the measuring platform; The measuring mechanism includes: a guide rail (2) arranged at one end of the measuring platform, a lead screw (3) driven by a hand wheel (7) is horizontally provided in the guide rail, and a guide rail is matched with a A slide block (4) driven by the lead screw that can slide horizontally along the guide rail, the slide block is detachably connected with a clamping rod (5) extending to the place where the clamping mechanism is located, and on the clamping rod The end is provided with a sensor (6); The pipe (15) is fixed and clamped horizontally by the clamping mechanism (13), and the axis of the pipe is perpendicular to the axis of the sensor (6). 2. The multi-parameter measuring device for the inner diameter of large aspect ratio pipe fittings according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping mechanism (14) includes: a first bracket (8) close to one end of the measuring mechanism and a first bracket (8) away from the The second bracket (9) at one end of the measuring mechanism, the second bracket is provided with a top (10) to form a fixed support for the one end of the pipe, and the first bracket is provided with four grasping chucks (11 ), the claws of the four-grip chuck are used to clamp and fix the other end of the pipe, and the first bracket is also equipped with a sensor (6) that can introduce the sensor (6) into its inner cavity along the axis of the measured pipe. the induction device (12). 3. The multi-parameter measuring device for inner diameter of pipe fittings with large length-to-diameter ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor (6) is disc-shaped, and the middle part of the disc surface is vertically connected to the end of the clamping rod (5) part, on the circumference of the sensor disk (61), there are four electric sensing micro-heads (62) equally distributed, each electric sensing micro-head stretches into the sensor cavity along the radial direction of the sensor disk surface, and the sensor cavity is provided with The first wedge block (63) that is connected to the electric micrometer head, the inclined surface of the second wedge block (64) that can slide in the sensor cavity is opposite to the slope of the first wedge block, and the first wedge block and the first wedge block are connected to each other. The slope of the second wedge is arranged along the radial direction of the sensor disk surface (61). 4. A method for measuring multiple parameters of the internal diameter of a large length-to-diameter ratio pipe fitting using the measuring device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: A. Horizontally clamp the pipe parts to be tested on the first support (8) and the second support (9); B. Shake the handwheel to drive the slider (4), the clamping rod (5) and the sensor (6) to move towards the tube parts to be measured; C, through the second block (64) to fine-tune the protruding length of the electric sensing micro head (62), so that the outer end of the electric sensing micro head touches the inner wall of the measured pipe part; D. Shake the handwheel to drive the sensor (6) to continue to travel to the inner cavity of the pipe part. During the measurement, the electric micrometer head detects the information of the inner hole to be tested, and generates an induction signal, which is amplified by the signal amplification unit and transmitted to the data acquisition unit; E. The computer processes the collected induction signals, first converts the change induced by each electric micrometer head into the position coordinates of the micrometer head, and then uses the least squares method to fit a circle to find the diameter and diameter of the inner hole The roundness is displayed; after the electric micrometer head continuously samples the surface of the inner hole under test, the change of each electric head is the straightness of the inner hole under test.

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