CN112111617B - Method for quantitatively evaluating activity index of blast furnace hearth - Google Patents

Method for quantitatively evaluating activity index of blast furnace hearth Download PDF

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CN112111617B
CN112111617B CN202010917810.9A CN202010917810A CN112111617B CN 112111617 B CN112111617 B CN 112111617B CN 202010917810 A CN202010917810 A CN 202010917810A CN 112111617 B CN112111617 B CN 112111617B
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raceway
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赵运建
邹忠平
牛群
许俊
翟晓波
王刚
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CISDI Engineering Co Ltd
CISDI Research and Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, and relates to a method for quantitatively evaluating an activity index of a blast furnace hearth, which comprises the following steps: characterizing the activity index of the blast furnace hearth by utilizing the activity of a tuyere raceway; firstly, calculating the blowing kinetic energy E of the tuyere and the tuyere convolution region depth D according to the basic parameters of the blast of the tuyere of the blast furnaceRWidth W of tuyere racewayR(ii) a Secondly, respectively calculating the penetration index K of the tuyere raceway through the area ratio of the tuyere raceway and the width ratio of the tuyere raceway to the circumference of the blast furnace hearth1And permeability index K of cross section of hearth2(ii) a Comprehensively constructing the activity index HAI of the blast furnace hearth, wherein HAI is K1*K2And the quantitative characterization of the activity of the hearth is realized. The method overcomes the problems of distortion and hysteresis of the traditional hearth activity calculation result, can accurately, reasonably and effectively reflect the activity degree and state of the hearth region, and improves important judgment basis and technical foundation for guiding the regulation of the lower part of the blast furnace.

Description

Method for quantitatively evaluating activity index of blast furnace hearth
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, and particularly relates to a method for quantitatively evaluating an activity index of a blast furnace hearth.
Background
The state of the blast furnace hearth is the basis for the stable and smooth operation of the blast furnace. In recent years, the furnace is frequently stopped and started due to deterioration of quality of raw fuel. The reasons of insufficient understanding from an operation theory and the like, which cause the abnormal activity of the blast furnace hearth frequently occur, bring great potential safety hazard and economic loss to the production process. Therefore, the quantification of the activity of the blast furnace hearth is of great significance for guiding the production operation of the blast furnace.
Currently, regarding the evaluation of hearth activity, an ironmaking operator is mainly characterized by the ratio of the center temperature of the furnace bottom to the side wall temperature of the hearth, but the evaluation index has larger hysteresis and cannot find the fluctuation of the hearth activity in time; the direct utilization of the furnace core temperature to reflect the activity of the furnace hearth is also indirectly delayed, and when the temperature of the furnace core is obviously reduced, the liquid permeability of dead material columns in the center of the surface furnace hearth is in a collapse state, and the furnace hearth loses activity.
The hearth activity is directly related to the lower regulation of the blast furnace, i.e. the tuyere blast parameters. The lower regulation is to keep proper tuyere raceway size and theoretical combustion temperature by adjusting tuyere size and blast parameters, so that the blast furnace hearth is active and works uniformly circumferentially. The characteristics of the gas flow at the tuyere of the blast furnace determine the initial distribution of the gas flow and the activity of the hearth. In the actual production process of the blast furnace, the shape characteristics of the tuyere raceway and the uniformity in the circumferential direction of the tuyere reflect the gas flow characteristics of the tuyere and directly influence the stable forward movement of blast furnace burden, the gas flow distribution and the activity of a hearth. Therefore, the lower regulation is one of important measures for realizing the circumferential working uniformity and activity of the blast furnace hearth, and how to timely and quickly master the shape characteristics of the tuyere raceway is of great significance for guiding the blast furnace operation.
However, at present, the blowing kinetic energy is used as an index for representing the shape characteristic change of the tuyere raceway, and there are certain disadvantages that the same blowing kinetic energy can be maintained by adjusting blowing parameters such as the diameter of the tuyere, the depth of the tuyere, the area of the tuyere, the air volume, the air pressure, the air temperature and the like, so that different raceway shape characteristics are obtained, the defect that the blowing kinetic energy is not matched with the raceway shape characteristics exists, the defect that the activity of the tuyere raceway is not enough is represented only by depending on the depth of the tuyere raceway, and the uniformity of the tuyere in the circumferential direction is not considered, so that a more reasonable evaluation method needs to be provided to represent the shape characteristics of the tuyere raceway, namely, a new blast furnace hearth activity index needs to be provided to correctly guide the agent blending at the lower part of the blast furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for quantitatively evaluating an activity index of a blast furnace hearth, which can effectively avoid the defect that the existing blast kinetic energy index is not matched with the shape and the characteristics of a tuyere raceway, so as to more accurately and reasonably reflect the activity degree of the blast furnace hearth, and provide an important judgment basis and a technical basis for correctly guiding the adjustment of the lower part of a blast furnace and the operation of the blast furnace.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for quantitatively evaluating the activity index of a blast furnace hearth, which is characterized in that the activity index of the blast furnace hearth is represented by the activity of a tuyere raceway; firstly, calculating the blowing kinetic energy E of the tuyere and the tuyere convolution region depth D according to the basic parameters of the blast of the tuyere of the blast furnaceRWidth W of tuyere racewayR(ii) a Secondly, respectively calculating the penetration index K of the tuyere raceway through the area ratio of the tuyere raceway and the width ratio of the tuyere raceway to the circumference of the blast furnace hearth1And permeability index K of cross section of hearth2Comprehensively constructing the activity index HAI of the blast furnace hearth, wherein HAI is K1*K2And the quantitative characterization of the activity of the hearth is realized.
Further, the blowing kinetic energy E is:
Figure BDA0002665646510000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002665646510000022
Figure BDA0002665646510000023
in the formula: e is blast kinetic energy, kg (f), m/s; m is blast mass flow, kg (f)/s; vOTThe actual wind speed of the tuyere is m/s; vBM is the blast volume of the blast furnace3/min；
Figure BDA0002665646510000024
Is the amount of oxygen, m3/min；WBAir humidity, g/m3(ii) a N is the number of the air ports; sfIs the area of the tuyere, m2；TBIs the hot air temperature, K; pBHot air pressure, kPa; t is0Is the standard wind temperature, K; p0Normalized wind pressure, kPa.
Further, the depth D of the tuyere racewayRComprises the following steps:
DR＝0.88+0.000092E-0.00031Pcn; in the formula: pcThe coal injection amount is kg/h.
Further, the width W of the tuyere racewayRComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002665646510000031
in the formula: d is the tuyere diameter, m.
Further, the penetration index K of the tuyere raceway1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002665646510000032
in the formula: sGo back toIs the area of the convolution region, m2；SFurnace hearthIs the cross-sectional area of the hearth, m2(ii) a D is the diameter of the hearth, m; dRThe depth of the tuyere raceway is m; l is the depth of the tuyere small sleeve extending into the furnace, and m.
Further, a permeability index K of a cross section of the hearth2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002665646510000033
in the formula: wRThe width of the tuyere raceway is m; n is the number of air ports; d is the diameter of the hearth, m; l is the depth of the tuyere small sleeve extending into the furnace, m; d1The distance between the widest position of the convolution area and the tuyere small sleeve is m.
Further, the widest position of the convolution area is far away from the tuyere small sleeve by a distance D1And the depth D of the tuyere racewayRThe relationship between them is: d1＝(1/2～1/3)DR。
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the method for quantitatively evaluating the blast furnace hearth activity index can effectively avoid the defect that the conventional blast kinetic energy index is not matched with the shape characteristics of a tuyere raceway, can reflect the circumferential uniformity of the tuyere, can effectively overcome the conditions of distortion and hysteresis of the traditional hearth activity calculation result, can accurately, reasonably and effectively reflect the hearth region activity degree, and provides important judgment basis and technical basis for correctly guiding the regulation of the lower part of a blast furnace and the operation of the blast furnace.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
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In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of the tuyere region of a blast furnace.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the hearth at the level of the tuyere of the blast furnace.
Fig. 3 shows a graph of hearth activity index HAI versus blast kinetic energy E.
Reference numerals: a blast furnace 1; a tuyere small sleeve 2; a tuyere raceway 3; the material column 4 is dead.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, hot air is blown into the blast furnace 1 through the tuyere small sleeve 2, a tuyere raceway 3 is formed, and a dead material column 4 is formed in a region where the hot air cannot be blown. Wherein D0The diameter of the bottom surface of the material column 4 killed in the tuyere raceway 3, D is the diameter of the hearth of the blast furnace 1, DRDepth, W, of tuyere raceway 3RThe width of the tuyere raceway 3; dRThe larger the value is, the larger the corresponding coke flowing area is, the smaller the dead material column 4 is, the larger the gas-permeable and liquid-permeable channel of the hearth is, and the more the gas flow is active toward the center, so that the smooth operation of furnace burden in the blast furnace 1 and the uniform distribution of gas flow are facilitated, and the heat and mass transfer process is more facilitated; the bigger the WR value is, the better the air permeability of the tuyere raceway 3 on the cross section of the hearth is, and the activity of the hearth is better reflected.
Therefore, the blast furnace hearth activity degree can be directly represented by utilizing the tuyere raceway activity. Firstly, calculating the blowing kinetic energy E of the tuyere and the tuyere convolution zone depth D according to the basic parameters of the tuyere blowing of the blast furnace 1RWidth W of tuyere racewayR(ii) a Secondly, respectively calculating the penetration index K of the tuyere raceway through the area ratio of the tuyere raceway and the width ratio of the tuyere raceway to the circumference of the blast furnace hearth1And permeability index K of cross section of hearth2Comprehensively constructing the activity index HAI of the blast furnace hearth, wherein HAI is K1*K2And the quantitative characterization of the activity of the hearth is realized.
The implementation main steps are as follows:
step 1: determining the relationship between the depth of the raceway, the width of the raceway, the blast parameters and the coal injection ratio
1) Calculating the blowing kinetic energy E according to the blowing parameters
Blasting kinetic energy E, tuyere mass flow m and tuyere wind speed vOTIt is related.
Figure BDA0002665646510000041
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002665646510000051
Figure BDA0002665646510000052
2) calculating the depth D of the tuyere convolution region according to the blast kinetic energyRWidth W of tuyere racewayR
Depth D of convolution regionRCan be calculated using empirical formulas:
DR＝0.88+0.000092E-0.00031Pc/N；
width W of convolution regionRCan be calculated using empirical formulas:
Figure BDA0002665646510000053
wherein, in the above formulas: e-blast kinetic energy, kg (f), m/s; m-blast mass flow, kg (f)/s; vOT-actual wind speed of the tuyere, m/s; vBBlast furnace inlet air flow, m3/min；
Figure BDA0002665646510000056
Amount of oxygen, m3/min；WBBlast humidity, g/m3(ii) a N is the number of air ports; sfArea of tuyere, m2；TB-temperature of hot air, K; pB-hot blast pressure (gauge pressure), kPa; t is0-standard wind temperature, K; p0-standard wind pressure, kPa; pc-coal injection amount, kg/h; d is the diameter of the tuyere, m.
Step 2: calculating the penetration index K of the tuyere raceway1And cross-sectional permeability index K2
1) Penetration index of convoluting zone
Figure BDA0002665646510000054
2) Index of permeability of cross section of hearth
Figure BDA0002665646510000055
In the formula, SGo back toArea of convolution, m2；SFurnace hearthSection of hearth, m2(ii) a D-diameter of the hearth, m; dR-tuyere raceway depth, m; wR-tuyere raceway width, m; l is the depth of the small tuyere sleeve extending into the furnace, and m is the depth of the small tuyere sleeve extending into the furnace; d1-the distance between the widest position of the convolution area and the tuyere is small, and D is taken according to the actual situation of the blast furnace on site1＝(1/2～1/3)DR，m。
And step 3: calculating the activity index HAI of the blast furnace hearth
Blast furnace hearth activity index HAI, HAI ═ K1*K2。
Penetration index K in raceway1The penetration capability of the furnace hearth section at the tuyere raceway is characterized to a certain extent, and the section permeability index K2The method has the advantages that the uniform distribution condition of the gas in the tuyere raceway section on the hearth section is represented, the comprehensive effects on the depth and the width are considered, the evaluation is more reasonable, and the influence rule of blast parameters on the shape characteristics of the tuyere raceway section of the blast furnace, the activity of the hearth and the gas distribution is reflected more directly.
Taking three blast furnaces of a certain plant as an example, the furnace volumes are 580m3、1050m3、1580m3The hearth activity index HAI can be obtained by the above method, respectively, and is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Item Unit of 3BF 4BF 5BF New 5BF
Blast furnace volume m3 580 1050 1580 1580
Daily iron yield t/d 2570 4390 5650 6600
Coefficient of utilization t/m3.d 4.43 4.18 3.58 4.2
Number of tuyere N - 16 20 24 20
Diameter d of tuyere mm 115 120 120 130
Area S of tuyeref m2 0.166 0.226 0.271 0.2655
Temperature T of hot airB ℃ 1147 1245 1245 1250
Pressure of hot air PB kPa 291 383 423 400
Diameter D of hearth m 6.1 7.8 9 9
Furnace hearth sectionArea SFurnace hearth m2 29.225 47.784 63.617 63.617
The tuyere small sleeve extends into the furnace to a depth L m 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.186
Actual wind speed VOT m/s 280 256 240 260
Blast kinetic energy E kJ/s 103 125.4 89 139.4
Depth D of convolution regionR m 1.847 2.057 1.716 2.186
Convolution area SR m2 27.199 41.244 45.755 52.113
Width W of convolution regionR m 0.76 0.81 0.76 0.87
Depth ratio of convolution region - 60.56％ 52.75％ 38.12％ 48.59％
Penetration index K in raceway1 - 93.07％ 86.31％ 71.92％ 81.92％
Gas permeability index K of cross section2 - 94.9％ 91.5％ 82.4％ 82.2％
Hearth activity index HAI 88.4％ 79.0％ 59.3％ 67.3％
As can be seen from Table 1, as the blast kinetic energy E increases, the hearth activity index HAI gradually increases, the blast furnace hearth is more active, and the more active the hearth, the more straightforward the blast furnace is; the small blast furnace has high hearth activity index, which indicates that blast can be blown through the center of the blast furnace better, and the large blast furnace has larger hearth diameter and is difficult to blow through the center, but the hearth activity index HAI can be used for lower regulation, such as changing the number of air ports, improving the air quantity and the like.
Fig. 3 shows the correspondence between the hearth activity index and the blast kinetic energy E. The hearth activity index HAI provided by the invention overcomes the defect that the conventional blast kinetic energy index is not matched with the shape characteristics of a tuyere raceway, can reflect the circumferential uniformity of the tuyere, can effectively overcome the conditions of distortion and hysteresis of the traditional hearth activity calculation result, can accurately, reasonably and effectively reflect the activity degree of a hearth region, and provides important judgment basis and technical basis for correctly guiding the regulation of the lower part of a blast furnace and the operation of the blast furnace.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is apparent that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (4)

1. A method for quantitatively evaluating the activity index of a blast furnace hearth is characterized in that based on the activity characteristic of a tuyere raceway, a blast furnace tuyere drum is firstly used for evaluating the activity index of the blast furnace hearthCalculating the blowing kinetic energy E of the tuyere and the tuyere convolution region depth D by the basic wind parametersRWidth W of tuyere racewayR(ii) a Respectively calculating the penetration index K of the tuyere raceway through the area ratio of the tuyere raceway and the width of the tuyere raceway to the circumference of the blast furnace hearth1And permeability index K of cross section of hearth2(ii) a Comprehensively constructing the activity index HAI of the blast furnace hearth, wherein HAI is K1*K2；
Penetration index K of tuyere raceway1Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003423457830000011
in the formula: sGo back toIs the area of the convolution region, m2；SFurnace hearthIs the cross-sectional area of the hearth, m2(ii) a D is the diameter of the hearth, m; dRThe depth of the tuyere raceway is m; l is the depth of the tuyere small sleeve extending into the furnace, m;
the permeability index K of the cross section of the hearth2Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003423457830000012
in the formula: wRThe width of the tuyere raceway is m; n is the number of air ports; d is the diameter of the hearth, m; l is the depth of the tuyere small sleeve extending into the furnace, m; d1The distance between the widest position of the convolution area and the tuyere small sleeve is m;
the widest position of the convolution area is far away from the tuyere small sleeve by a distance D1And the depth D of the tuyere racewayRThe relationship between them is: d1＝(1/2～1/3)DR。
2. The method for quantitatively evaluating the activity index of a blast furnace hearth according to claim 1, wherein the blast kinetic energy E is:
Figure FDA0003423457830000013
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003423457830000014
Figure FDA0003423457830000021
in the formula: e is blast kinetic energy, kg (f), m/s; m is blast mass flow, kg (f)/s; vOTThe actual wind speed of the tuyere is m/s; vBM is the blast volume of the blast furnace3/min；VO2Is the amount of oxygen, m3/min；WBAir humidity, g/m3(ii) a N is the number of the air ports; sfIs the area of the tuyere, m2；TBIs the hot air temperature, K; pBHot air pressure, kPa; t is0Is the standard wind temperature, K; p0Normalized wind pressure, kPa.
3. The method for quantitatively evaluating the activity index of a blast furnace hearth according to claim 2, wherein said tuyere raceway depth DRComprises the following steps:
DR＝0.88+0.000092E-0.00031Pcn; in the formula: pcThe coal injection amount is kg/h.
4. The method for quantitatively evaluating the activity index of a blast furnace hearth according to claim 3, wherein said tuyere raceway width WRComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003423457830000022
in the formula: d is the tuyere diameter, m.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN111427388A (en) * 2020-04-16 2020-07-17 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 Control system and method for iron condensing layer of blast furnace hearth

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