CN112110616A - 一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,包括以下步骤:(1)絮凝处理:将黑臭河道污水导入至污水处理池中,调节pH值至7‑8,加入絮凝剂进行絮凝处理;(2)好氧处理:污水导入好氧池进行好氧处理;(3)电芬顿处理:污水中导入电芬顿反应装置中进行电芬顿处理;(4)吸附处理:污水导入吸附池中,加入蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂进行吸附处理;(5)光催化处理:水导入光催化池,加入光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛,光催化处理;通过本发明处理工艺对黑臭河道污水处理,COD、氨氮、TP去除率高,且除臭脱色效果好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺。
背景技术
随着我国城镇化率的不断提高,城镇污水的排放量大幅增加,城市地表水水体接纳污染的负荷也越来越大,造成地表水水质普遍处于国家地表水水质标准Ⅴ类及劣Ⅴ类之间。
河道黑臭主要是由于过量纳污导致水体供氧和耗氧失衡的结果,水体缺氧乃至厌氧条件下污染物转化并产生氨氮、硫化氢、挥发性有机酸等臭恶臭物质以及铁、锰硫化物等黑色物质。河流的黑臭不仅会影响生态环境的和谐美观,加剧水资源危机,加重水资源的短缺,使生态环境恶化;而且会危害当地居民的身体健康;还会由于河流污染严重使得地面水不足,促使过度开采地下水引起生态问题,地下水水质下降,硬度和硝酸盐含量大面积升高。
黑臭河道因发生在人们生活的集中区域,对人们的健康,环境美化极其有害。因此消除黑臭、改善感观,美化城市,已是河流治理中首要解决的问题。目前黑臭河道污水的治理方法主要有物理法、化学法、生物法等。
申请号 为CN201910340767.1的国内专利公开了一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺。该工艺包括黑臭河道污水预处理、臭气处理和河道污泥处理,其中:(1)黑臭河道污水预处理:将聚合氯化铝水溶液和钯炭添加至河道污水,经混合后,泵送至沉淀池静置,将碱式聚合氯化铝水溶液和钯炭添加至上清液中,经混合后,泵送至沉淀池静置,将聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂水溶液和钯炭添加至清液中,经混合均匀后,泵送至沉淀池静置,收集沉淀池中絮凝物;(2)臭气处理:步骤(1)中收集的絮凝物在空气存在下,在加热加压条件下处理后达到排放标准;(3)河道污泥处理:河道污泥通过挤出成型,经热处理后,得到催化剂载体材料。该发明工艺具有除臭效率高和产品附加值高等优势。但是该工艺对于黑臭河道污水处理的效果不全面,污水中仍然可能存在较多的有机污染物等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,通过该处理工艺对黑臭河道污水处理,COD、氨氮、TP去除率高,且除臭脱色效果好。
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)絮凝处理:将黑臭河道污水导入至污水处理池中,调节pH值至7-8,然后加入絮凝剂进行絮凝处理,絮凝处理后将沉淀进行分离;
(2)好氧处理:将经过絮凝处理后的污水导入好氧池进行好氧处理;
(3)电芬顿处理:将经过好氧处理后的污水中导入电芬顿反应装置中进行电芬顿处理;
(4)吸附处理:将经过电芬顿处理后的污水导入吸附池中,加入蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂进行吸附处理;
(5)光催化处理:将经过吸附处理后的污水导入光催化池,然后加入光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛,搅拌,光催化处理2-2.5h,再进行固液分离。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂与聚合氯化铁按质量比1:2.5-3.5组成。
优选地,好氧池曝气时,溶解氧溶度为 5-7mg/L。
优选地,步骤(4)中,所述蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂由以下方法制备得到:称取20-30 份蛭石粉、13-18份硅藻土,混合均匀后置于450-500℃下煅烧60-90min,得煅烧混合粉料;向煅烧混合粉料中加入其总质量13-20%的淀粉以及适量水,混合均匀,制成粒径为 2-3mm的颗粒材料,再置于 80-85℃的烘箱中烘干,然后在惰性气体保护下,于 720-800℃下煅烧2-2.5h,并于惰性气体保护下随炉冷却至室温,再粉碎至30目以下,即得蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂。
优选地,所述蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的加入量为1-3g/L。
优选地,步骤(5)中,所述光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛由以下方法制备得到:将钛酸丁酯与六水硝酸镍、无水乙醇、水混合均匀,然后边剧烈搅拌边缓慢滴加冰醋酸;冰醋酸滴毕后继续搅拌0.5-1h,将所得物静置3-5h后,置于60-70℃下干燥至恒重,研磨后置于马弗炉中,于650-720℃下煅烧2.5-3.5h,冷却至室温,研磨过筛,即得镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛。
优选地,所述钛酸丁酯、六水硝酸镍、无水乙醇、水、冰醋酸的质量比为1:0.05-0.1:7-8:0.8-1:0.4-0.5。
优选地,所述光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的加入量为0.2-0.5 g/L。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明中,先采用絮凝剂进行絮凝处理,使污水中的胶体聚集形成较大絮状颗粒后沉淀,使较大的大颗粒悬浮物得到去除,从而使污水的性能更加稳定,有利于后续处理。之后采用好氧池进行好氧处理,一部分有机物被氧化分解以及被聚磷菌吸收,具有一定的使脱磷除氮效果。之后采用电芬顿处理,对废水中难降解有机物进行断链或开环,可有效降解有机物。之后采用蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂进行吸附,可将污水中的硫化氢、重金属化合物等进行有效吸附,蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂具有较大的孔隙,吸附能力强,并具有很好的除臭和脱色效果。最后将经过吸附处理的污水采用镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛进行光催化降解处理,镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛进一步将残留的有机物完全降解为二氧化碳、水等,而无机污染物则被氧化或还原为无害物质。
通过本发明处理工艺对黑臭河道污水处理,COD、氨氮、TP去除率高,且除臭脱色效果好。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的制备
蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂由以下方法制备得到:
称取28份蛭石粉、18份硅藻土,混合均匀后置于500℃下煅烧90min,得煅烧混合粉料;向煅烧混合粉料中加入其总质量15%的淀粉以及适量水,混合均匀,制成粒径为 2-3mm的颗粒材料,再置于 80-85℃的烘箱中烘干,然后在惰性气体保护下,于 780℃下煅烧2.5h,并于惰性气体保护下随炉冷却至室温,再粉碎至30目以下,即得蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂。
实施例2:蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的制备
蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂由以下方法制备得到:
称取20 份蛭石粉、15份硅藻土,混合均匀后置于450℃下煅烧60-90min,得煅烧混合粉料;向煅烧混合粉料中加入其总质量20%的淀粉以及适量水,混合均匀,制成粒径为 2-3mm的颗粒材料,再置于 80-85℃的烘箱中烘干,然后在惰性气体保护下,于 720℃下煅烧2h,并于惰性气体保护下随炉冷却至室温,再粉碎至30目以下,即得蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂。
实施例3:光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的制备
光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛由以下方法制备得到:
将钛酸丁酯与六水硝酸镍、无水乙醇、水混合均匀,然后边剧烈搅拌边缓慢滴加冰醋酸;冰醋酸滴毕后继续搅拌1h,将所得物静置5h后,置于60-70℃下干燥至恒重,研磨后置于马弗炉中,于720℃下煅烧3.5h,冷却至室温,研磨过筛,即得镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛。
其中,钛酸丁酯、六水硝酸镍、无水乙醇、水、冰醋酸的质量比为1:0.1: 8:0.8:0.5。
实施例4:光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的制备
光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛由以下方法制备得到:
将钛酸丁酯与六水硝酸镍、无水乙醇、水混合均匀,然后边剧烈搅拌边缓慢滴加冰醋酸;冰醋酸滴毕后继续搅拌0.5h,将所得物静置3h后,置于60-70℃下干燥至恒重,研磨后置于马弗炉中,于650℃下煅烧2.5h,冷却至室温,研磨过筛,即得镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛。
其中,钛酸丁酯、六水硝酸镍、无水乙醇、水、冰醋酸的质量比为1:0.05:7:1:0.4。
实施例5:黑臭河道污水处理工艺
一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)絮凝处理:将黑臭河道污水导入至污水处理池中,调节pH值至7-7.5,然后加入絮凝剂进行絮凝处理,絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂与聚合氯化铁按质量比1:3组成,絮凝处理后将沉淀进行分离;
(2)好氧处理:将经过絮凝处理后的污水导入好氧池进行好氧处理,好氧池曝气时,溶解氧溶度为 6mg/L;
(3)电芬顿处理:将经过好氧处理后的污水中导入电芬顿反应装置中进行电芬顿处理;
(4)吸附处理:将经过电芬顿处理后的污水导入吸附池中,加入蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂(实施例1制备得到)进行吸附处理;蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的加入量为3g/L;
(5)光催化处理:将经过吸附处理后的污水导入光催化池,然后加入光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛(实施例3制备得到),光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的加入量为0.4g/L;搅拌,光催化处理2.5h,再进行固液分离。
实施例6:黑臭河道污水处理工艺
一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)絮凝处理:将黑臭河道污水导入至污水处理池中,调节pH值至7.5-8,然后加入絮凝剂进行絮凝处理,絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂与聚合氯化铁按质量比1:3组成,絮凝处理后将沉淀进行分离;
(2)好氧处理:将经过絮凝处理后的污水导入好氧池进行好氧处理,好氧池曝气时,溶解氧溶度为7mg/L;
(3)电芬顿处理:将经过好氧处理后的污水中导入电芬顿反应装置中进行电芬顿处理;
(4)吸附处理:将经过电芬顿处理后的污水导入吸附池中,加入蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂(实施例1制备得到)进行吸附处理;蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的加入量为2g/L;
(5)光催化处理:将经过吸附处理后的污水导入光催化池,然后加入光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛(实施例4制备得到),光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的加入量为0.5 g/L;搅拌,光催化处理2.5h,再进行固液分离。
实施例7:黑臭河道污水处理工艺
一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)絮凝处理:将黑臭河道污水导入至污水处理池中,调节pH值至7-7.5,然后加入絮凝剂进行絮凝处理,絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂与聚合氯化铁按质量比1:3.5组成,絮凝处理后将沉淀进行分离;
(2)好氧处理:将经过絮凝处理后的污水导入好氧池进行好氧处理,好氧池曝气时,溶解氧溶度为 6.5mg/L;
(3)电芬顿处理:将经过好氧处理后的污水中导入电芬顿反应装置中进行电芬顿处理;
(4)吸附处理:将经过电芬顿处理后的污水导入吸附池中,加入蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂(实施例2制备得到)进行吸附处理;蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的加入量为2g/L;
(5)光催化处理:将经过吸附处理后的污水导入光催化池,然后加入光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛(实施例3制备得到),光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的加入量为0.35 g/L;搅拌,光催化处理2.5h,再进行固液分离。
实施例8:黑臭河道污水处理工艺
一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)絮凝处理:将黑臭河道污水导入至污水处理池中,调节pH值至7-7.5,然后加入絮凝剂进行絮凝处理,絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂与聚合氯化铁按质量比1:3.5组成,絮凝处理后将沉淀进行分离;
(2)好氧处理:将经过絮凝处理后的污水导入好氧池进行好氧处理,好氧池曝气时,溶解氧溶度为 7mg/L;
(3)电芬顿处理:将经过好氧处理后的污水中导入电芬顿反应装置中进行电芬顿处理;
(4)吸附处理:将经过电芬顿处理后的污水导入吸附池中,加入蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂(实施例 2制备得到)进行吸附处理;蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的加入量为2g/L;
(5)光催化处理:将经过吸附处理后的污水导入光催化池,然后加入光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛(实施例3制备得到),光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的加入量为0.35 g/L;搅拌,光催化处理2h,再进行固液分离。
实施例9:黑臭河道污水处理工艺
一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)絮凝处理:将黑臭河道污水导入至污水处理池中,调节pH值至7.5-8,然后加入絮凝剂进行絮凝处理,絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂与聚合氯化铁按质量比1:2.5组成,絮凝处理后将沉淀进行分离;
(2)好氧处理:将经过絮凝处理后的污水导入好氧池进行好氧处理,好氧池曝气时,溶解氧溶度为 5mg/L;
(3)电芬顿处理:将经过好氧处理后的污水中导入电芬顿反应装置中进行电芬顿处理;
(4)吸附处理:将经过电芬顿处理后的污水导入吸附池中,加入蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂(实施例1制备得到)进行吸附处理;蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的加入量为1g/L;
(5)光催化处理:将经过吸附处理后的污水导入光催化池,然后加入光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛(实施例4制备得到),光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的加入量为0.2g/L;搅拌,光催化处理2.5h,再进行固液分离。
实施例10:黑臭河道污水处理工艺
一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)絮凝处理:将黑臭河道污水导入至污水处理池中,调节pH值至7.5-8,然后加入絮凝剂进行絮凝处理,絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂与聚合氯化铁按质量比1:2.5组成,絮凝处理后将沉淀进行分离;
(2)好氧处理:将经过絮凝处理后的污水导入好氧池进行好氧处理,好氧池曝气时,溶解氧溶度为6mg/L;
(3)电芬顿处理:将经过好氧处理后的污水中导入电芬顿反应装置中进行电芬顿处理;
(4)吸附处理:将经过电芬顿处理后的污水导入吸附池中,加入蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂(实施例2制备得到)进行吸附处理;蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的加入量为2g/L;
(5)光催化处理:将经过吸附处理后的污水导入光催化池,然后加入光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛(实施例3制备得到),光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的加入量为0.3g/L;搅拌,光催化处理2.5h,再进行固液分离。
性能测试:
采集某黑臭河道污水,其水质检测结果如表1所示。
表1:
检测结果 | |
COD(mg/L) | 320.2 |
氨氮(mg/L) | 42.6 |
TP(mg/L) | 4.56 |
采用实施例5-10中的处理工艺对上述黑臭河道污水进行处理,处理后的水质检测结果如表2所示。
表2:
COD(mg/L) | 氨氮(mg/L) | TP(mg/L) | |
实施例5 | 12.1 | 1.6 | 0.16 |
实施例6 | 10.3 | 1.8 | 0.21 |
实施例7 | 13.6 | 2.3 | 0.28 |
实施例8 | 18.1 | 2.1 | 0.32 |
实施例9 | 21.6 | 3.3 | 0.39 |
实施例10 | 15.6 | 2.7 | 0.34 |
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种黑臭河道污水处理工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)絮凝处理:将黑臭河道污水导入至污水处理池中,调节pH值至7-8,然后加入絮凝剂进行絮凝处理,絮凝处理后将沉淀进行分离;
(2)好氧处理:将经过絮凝处理后的污水导入好氧池进行好氧处理;
(3)电芬顿处理:将经过好氧处理后的污水中导入电芬顿反应装置中进行电芬顿处理;
(4)吸附处理:将经过电芬顿处理后的污水导入吸附池中,加入蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂进行吸附处理;
(5)光催化处理:将经过吸附处理后的污水导入光催化池,然后加入光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛,搅拌,光催化处理2-2.5h,再进行固液分离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的黑臭河道污水处理工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂与聚合氯化铁按质量比1:2.5-3.5组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的黑臭河道污水处理工艺,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,好氧池爆气时,溶解氧溶度为 5-7mg/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的黑臭河道污水处理工艺,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂由以下方法制备得到:称取20-30 份蛭石粉、13-18份硅藻土,混合均匀后置于450-500℃下煅烧60-90min,得煅烧混合粉料;向煅烧混合粉料中加入其总质量13-20%的淀粉以及适量水,混合均匀,制成粒径为 2-3mm的颗粒材料,再置于 80-85℃的烘箱中烘干,然后在惰性气体保护下,于 720-800℃下煅烧2-2.5h,并于惰性气体保护下随炉冷却至室温,再粉碎至30目以下,即得蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的黑臭河道污水处理工艺,其特征在于,所述蛭石/硅藻土/活性炭复合吸附剂的加入量为1-3g/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的黑臭河道污水处理工艺,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛由以下方法制备得到:将钛酸丁酯与六水硝酸镍、无水乙醇、水混合均匀,然后边剧烈搅拌边缓慢滴加冰醋酸;冰醋酸滴毕后继续搅拌0.5-1h,将所得物静置3-5h后,置于60-70℃下干燥至恒重,研磨后置于马弗炉中,于650-720℃下煅烧2.5-3.5h,冷却至室温,研磨过筛,即得镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛。
7.根据权利要求6所述的黑臭河道污水处理工艺,其特征在于,所述钛酸丁酯、六水硝酸镍、无水乙醇、水、冰醋酸的质量比为1:0.05-0.1:7-8:0.8-1:0.4-0.5。
8.根据权利要求6所述的黑臭河道污水处理工艺,其特征在于,所述光催化剂镍掺杂纳米二氧化钛的加入量为0.2-0.5 g/L。
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