CN112098065B - Method for diagnosing equipment running state, storage medium and terminal - Google Patents
Method for diagnosing equipment running state, storage medium and terminal Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/14—Determining unbalance
- G01M1/16—Determining unbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for diagnosing the running state of equipment, a storage medium and a terminal, belonging to the technical field of testing, wherein the method comprises the following self-diagnosis steps: calculating a plurality of corresponding characteristic frequencies of the equipment in different running states according to the rotating speed, the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal parameters of the equipment; determining a plurality of frequency points on the frequency spectrum which are nearest to the characteristic frequency; calculating the characteristic frequency amplitude, the characteristic frequency doubling envelope amplitude, the total amplitude of the frequency point doubling envelope amplitudes closest to the characteristic frequency and the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude; determining a reference parameter value and a real-time parameter value of equipment operation when the equipment normally operates according to the total amplitude and the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude; and comparing the reference parameter value and the real-time parameter value to realize self diagnosis of the running state of the equipment. The invention can monitor the running state of the equipment timely, accurately and comprehensively, and can report the fault type when the equipment has a fault, thereby further improving the working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of testing, in particular to a diagnostic method for an equipment running state, a storage medium and a terminal, which are suitable for rotary mechanical equipment.
Background
The world's earliest countries in which device diagnostic techniques were developed were the united states. In 1967, the U.S. Mechanical Failure Prevention Group (MFPG) was established under the initiatives and organizations of the US space agency and naval institute, followed by the U.S. department
(PCBPiezotronics，Inc.)、CTC(USAConnectionTechnologyCenter, Inc.) CO., LTD, and later-on Fuluke (FLUKE) were developed to produce a number of device diagnostic products, representative of the product models Fluke802CN, Fluke810, and, in addition, device diagnostic techniques have been greatly developed in some countries in Europe, such as Skefu (SKF) in Sweden and Japan in Asia.
In China, with the rapid development of computer technology and digital signal processing technology, equipment vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis technology is widely applied to large-scale and high-speed rotating machinery in the industries of electric power, petrochemical industry, metallurgy and the like. At present, the technology becomes the technical basis for equipment modernization management and enterprise comprehensive benefit improvement. It is rapidly developed because of the defect of the traditional equipment planning maintenance system, which causes huge waste of maintenance cost. Experience at home and abroad shows that the equipment predictive maintenance based on the vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis technology can save a large amount of maintenance cost, can obtain remarkable economic benefit, can ensure the safe operation of the equipment, prevent and reduce the occurrence of malignant accidents, eliminate the hidden trouble of faults, ensure the personal safety and the equipment safety, and improve the labor productivity. Domestic manufacturers such as Anhui, Shanghai, Dongtai, etc.
On the whole, products at home and abroad have two characteristics, one is an online monitoring system, an IMX-S vibration online monitoring system of SKF company is used for acquiring vibration data through 16 channels or 32 channels on site, the data is transmitted to a remote place, and a high-grade data analyst obtains a diagnosis and analysis report through time domain and frequency domain signal analysis, but the defects are that the process is complex, the equipment price is high, and the diagnosis and analysis depending on high technology are avoided; the other is a simple integrated vibration transmitter, the product converts the signal of the vibration sensor into 4-20 mA through signal conditioning, and is used for detecting the vibration intensity of a single vibration measurement point, but for accurately judging the equipment state and fault, the subsequent technical support of more equipment management and maintenance experience is required, and for complex equipment, the equipment state cannot be comprehensively reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problem that the state and the fault of equipment cannot be accurately judged in the prior art, and provides a method for diagnosing the running state of the equipment, a storage medium and a terminal.
The present invention provides a method for diagnosing an operating state of an apparatus, the method including a self-diagnosis step including:
s01: calculating a plurality of corresponding characteristic frequencies of the equipment in different running states according to the rotating speed, the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal parameters of the equipment;
s02: determining a plurality of frequency points on the frequency spectrum which are nearest to the characteristic frequency;
s03: calculating the characteristic frequency amplitude, the characteristic frequency doubling envelope amplitude, the total amplitude of a plurality of frequency point doubling envelope amplitudes closest to the characteristic frequency and the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude;
s04: determining a reference parameter value and a real-time parameter value of equipment operation when the equipment normally operates according to the total amplitude and the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude;
s05: and comparing the reference parameter value and the real-time parameter value to realize self diagnosis of the running state of the equipment.
As an option, the reference parameter value when the device normally operates and the real-time parameter value when the device operates are calculated by the same method based on different working conditions of the device, the reference parameter value is based on a working condition parameter when the device starts to operate and enters a stable working state, and the real-time parameter value is based on a real-time working condition parameter when the device normally operates.
As an option, the calculation formula of the plurality of characteristic frequencies corresponding to the different operation states of the computing device is as follows:
f BPF ＝N*1X
in the above formula, f BPF And representing the characteristic frequency, wherein N is a constant of the working condition of the equipment, and X is the rotating speed of the equipment.
As an option, the specific calculation formula of the total amplitude is:
Allf BPF ＝Af BPF +(2Af BPF +2Af BPF-1 +2Af BPF+1 )+(3Af BPF +
3Af BPF-1 +3Af BPF+1 +3Af BPF-2 +3Af BPF+2 )
in the above formula, Allf BPF Representing the total amplitude, Af BPF Amplitude corresponding to characteristic frequency, f BPF-1 、f BPF+1 、 f BPF-2 、f BPF+2 And respectively representing one frequency point in a plurality of frequency points closest to the characteristic frequency, wherein 2A is a frequency multiplication envelope amplitude value of 2, and 3A is a frequency multiplication envelope amplitude value of 3.
As an option, the calculation formula of the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude is specifically:
Allf BPF Rio＝Allf BPF /Allf
in the above formula, Allf BPF Rio represents the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude, and Allf represents the sum of the amplitudes of all frequency points on the spectrum.
As an option, the calculation formula for determining the reference parameter value during normal operation of the device and the real-time parameter value during operation of the device is as follows:
Xa1＝(Allf BPF 1+Allf BPF 2+……Allf BPF N)/N；
Xa2＝(Allf BPF Rio1+Allf BPF Rio2+……Allf BPF RioN)/N
in the above formula, Xa1 is specifically a first reference parameter value or a first real-time parameter value, Xa2 is specifically a second reference parameter value or a second real-time parameter value, N represents the number of selected characteristic frequencies, alf BPF N denotes the total amplitude, Allf, corresponding to the Nth characteristic frequency BPF RioN represents the amplitude ratio of the nth characteristic frequency.
As an option, the self-diagnosis step further comprises a step of graded warning after the self-diagnosis step:
s11: the early warning step, when the real-time parameter value of the equipment is judged to be larger than the reference parameter value, corresponding early warning action is carried out;
s12: and an alarming step, namely, when the real-time parameter values of the equipment are judged to be far larger than the reference parameter values, making corresponding alarming action.
As an option, the self-diagnosis step further comprises a data acquisition step of the equipment operation state before the self-diagnosis step:
the method comprises the steps of collecting a rotating speed signal and a vibration signal of equipment, and obtaining an acceleration signal, a speed signal and an envelope signal of the equipment according to the vibration signal.
It should be further noted that the technical solutions corresponding to the above options may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, so as to implement an all-around diagnosis of the device.
The invention relates to a storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored, which, when executed, perform the steps of the method for diagnosing the operating state of a device.
The invention also includes a terminal comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores computer instructions executable on the processor, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the steps of the method for diagnosing the operating status of the device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a plurality of corresponding characteristic frequencies of the equipment in different running states can be calculated according to the rotating speed, the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal parameters of the equipment, so that the reference parameter value and the real-time parameter value of the equipment are calculated, self-diagnosis of the running state of the equipment can be realized by comparing the reference parameter value and the real-time parameter value, the running state of the equipment can be timely, accurately and comprehensively monitored, when the equipment fails, the fault type can be reported, the working efficiency is further improved, and the production benefit is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a part of a signal conditioning module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of a digital-to-analog conversion module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a sampling module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a sampling processing module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7a is a schematic circuit diagram of a part of a chip microcomputer in a control unit according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7b is a schematic circuit diagram of a part of a chip microcomputer in a control unit according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7c is a schematic circuit diagram of a part of a chip microcomputer in a control unit according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a communication unit according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directions or positional relationships indicated by "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like are directions or positional relationships described based on the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Through repeated practice, the invention provides a method for diagnosing the running state of equipment, which is particularly suitable for diagnosing the running state of the rotating machinery equipment and is used for solving the problems that the running state of the equipment cannot be accurately judged in the existing equipment diagnosis technology, and the specific fault type of the equipment in the fault state causes the later maintenance of the equipment.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in embodiment 1, a method for diagnosing an operating state of an apparatus, the method includes a self-diagnosis step performed by a controller, and specifically includes:
s01: calculating a plurality of corresponding characteristic frequencies of the equipment in different running states according to the rotating speed, the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal parameters of the equipment; specifically, the acceleration or the velocity of the device is subjected to fast fourier transform to obtain a corresponding frequency spectrum, the frequency spectrum further reflects an envelope signal of the acceleration or the velocity, a characteristic frequency is determined on the frequency spectrum, and a point with the maximum amplitude in two points (5 frequency points in total) before and after the characteristic frequency point is used as a real characteristic frequency. The amplitude value of the equipment is in a certain range when the equipment works normally, the real characteristic frequency is the frequency point with the maximum amplitude value in the nearest frequency points of the characteristic frequency, the working state (whether a fault occurs) of the equipment is judged more accurately by the amplitude value of the frequency point, and if the real characteristic frequency with the maximum amplitude value is judged to be in the normal working state, the equipment is in the normal working state. In order to realize real-time monitoring of the equipment, the characteristic frequency of the equipment needs to be continuously acquired, and a plurality of characteristic frequencies can be obtained by the same method so as to obtain an FFT array of the vibration signal.
S02: determining a plurality of frequency points on the frequency spectrum which are nearest to the characteristic frequency (real characteristic frequency); specifically, the multiple frequency points closest to the characteristic frequency are determined to further determine whether the operating state of the device changes (whether the device fails) in the frequency band, and in this embodiment, two frequency points are respectively selected as the frequency points on the left and right sides of the true characteristic frequency.
S03: calculating the characteristic frequency amplitude, the characteristic frequency doubling envelope amplitude, the total amplitude of a plurality of frequency point doubling envelope amplitudes closest to the characteristic frequency and the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude; specifically, calculating the total amplitude and amplitude ratio of the device can further determine whether the operating state of the device has changed (whether the device has failed).
S04: determining a reference parameter value and a real-time parameter value of equipment operation when the equipment normally operates according to the total amplitude and the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude; specifically, the reference parameter value of the normal operation of the equipment and the real-time parameter value of the operation of the equipment are calculated by adopting the same method based on different working conditions of the equipment, the reference parameter value is based on the working condition parameter when the equipment starts to work and enters a stable working state, and the real-time parameter value is based on the real-time working condition parameter when the equipment normally operates.
S04: and comparing the reference parameter value and the real-time parameter value to realize self diagnosis of the running state of the equipment.
According to the diagnosis method of the steps S01-S04, the running state of the equipment can be timely, accurately and comprehensively detected; the invention can calculate different types of faults according to the speed, the acceleration and the envelope signal of the equipment, so that when the equipment fails, the fault type can be reported in time, great convenience is brought to the maintenance work of the equipment, and meanwhile, the working efficiency is also greatly improved.
Further, in step S01, the calculation formula for the plurality of characteristic frequencies corresponding to different operation states of the computing device is:
f BPF ＝N*1X
in the above formula, f BPF Representing a characteristic frequency; n is an equipment working condition constant which can be set according to different equipment or working conditions, and the default is that N is 50; and X is the rotating speed of the equipment.
Further, in step S03, the specific calculation formula of the total amplitude is:
Allf BPF ＝Af BPF +(2Af BPF +2Af BPF-1 +2Af BPF+1 )+(3Af BPF +
3Af BPF-1 +3Af BPF+1 +3Af BPF-2 +3Af BPF+2 )
in the above formula, Allf BPF Denotes the total amplitude, Af BPF Amplitude corresponding to characteristic frequency (true characteristic frequency), f BPF-1 、f BPF+1 、f BPF-2 、f BPF+2 Each of which represents one of a plurality of frequency points closest to the characteristic frequency, 2Af BPF 、2Af BPF-1 、2Af BPF+1 2 times the envelope amplitude, 3Af, of two of the plurality of frequency points, respectively representing the true eigenfrequency BPF Representing true characteristic frequency, 3Af BPF-1 、3Af BPF+1 、3Af BPF-2 、3Af BPF+2 Representing the 3-fold envelope amplitude of the four frequency points closest to the characteristic frequency.
Further, in step S03, the calculation formula of the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude is specifically:
Allf BPF Rio＝Allf BPF /Allf
in the above formula, Allf BPF Rio represents the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude, and Allf represents the sum of the amplitudes of all frequency points on the spectrum.
Further, in step S03, the calculation formula for determining the reference parameter value during normal operation of the device and the real-time parameter value during operation of the device is as follows:
Xa1＝(Allf BPF 1+Allf BPF 2+……Allf BPF N)/N；
Xa2＝(Allf BPF Rio1+Allf BPF Rio2+……Allf BPF RioN)/N
in the above formula, Xa1 is specifically the first reference parameter value or the second reference parameter valueA real-time parameter value, Xa2 is specifically a second reference parameter value or a second real-time parameter value; specifically, when the equipment starts to work and enters a stable working state, the reference parameter value is finally calculated according to the rotating speed, the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal parameter of the equipment, and the real-time parameter value is finally calculated according to the rotating speed, the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal parameter of the equipment when the equipment normally runs; n represents the number of the selected characteristic frequencies; allf BPF N denotes the total amplitude, Allf, corresponding to the Nth characteristic frequency BPF RioN represents the amplitude ratio of the nth characteristic frequency.
Furthermore, the method of the present invention further comprises a warning step, wherein the execution subject of the warning step is a warning device, and the warning device receives the control signal of the controller to perform a corresponding warning action, specifically comprising:
s11: the early warning step, when the real-time parameter value of the equipment is judged to be larger than the reference parameter value, corresponding early warning action is carried out; as a preferred embodiment, when the first real-time parameter value is less than or equal to 3 times the first reference parameter value and less than 6 times the first reference parameter value, and the second real-time parameter value is less than or equal to 3 times the second reference parameter value and less than 6 times the second reference parameter value, an early warning action is performed, the early warning action can be realized by a buzzer alarm or a loudspeaker, and the corresponding fault type is reported.
S12: and alarming, namely, when the real-time parameter values of the equipment are judged to be far larger than the reference parameter values, making corresponding alarming action. As a preferred embodiment, when the first real-time parameter value is greater than or equal to 6 times of the first reference parameter value and the second real-time parameter value is greater than or equal to 6 times of the second reference parameter value, an alarm action is performed at the moment, the alarm action can be realized by a buzzer alarm or a loudspeaker, and the alarm action and the early-warning action need to be different, if the buzzer alarm is adopted, the early-warning action is a short interval of buzzing, the alarm is a high-frequency continuous buzzing, and the corresponding fault type is reported to prompt the working personnel of different alarm levels.
Further, before the self-diagnosis step, the method also comprises a data acquisition step of the equipment running state, specifically comprising the following steps:
s00: acquiring a rotating speed signal and a vibration signal of equipment, and acquiring an acceleration signal, a speed signal and an envelope signal of the equipment according to the vibration signal. Specifically, the executing body of the data acquisition step is specifically various sensors, and transmits acquired data information to the controller, wherein a rotating speed signal of the equipment is acquired through the rotating speed sensor; the vibration signals of the equipment are collected through the vibration sensor AC102, speed, acceleration and displacement signals of the equipment can be further output, and fast Fourier transform is carried out on the vibration signals to further obtain envelope signals of the speed and acceleration amplitudes of the vibration signals. In order to further ensure the accuracy of the diagnosis method, a plurality of sensors can be arranged at different parts of the equipment, for example, the sensors are arranged on blades, bearings and gears of the equipment, so that the working states of all parts of the equipment can be reflected more truly, the working states of the equipment or the fault types of all parts can be reported accurately, and the comprehensive monitoring and diagnosis of the equipment can be realized.
Example 2
The present embodiment has the same inventive concept as embodiment 1, and provides a method for diagnosing the operating state of an apparatus, which is applicable to the fault self-diagnosis of an apparatus blade, in which the calculation of the characteristic frequency is realized by the rotational speed and speed signals of the apparatus, that is, the acquired speed signals are subjected to fast fourier transform, the characteristic frequency is calculated on the obtained speed array of frequencies, the true characteristic frequency is determined on the envelope signal of the speed, and other steps are the same as those of the diagnostic method of embodiment 1, thereby realizing the self-diagnosis of the apparatus blade.
As an option, the diagnostic method of the present invention can also be applied to the fault diagnosis of the device bearing, in the fault self-diagnosis method of the device bearing, the calculation of the characteristic frequency is realized by the rotation speed and the acceleration signal of the device, that is, the acquired acceleration signal is subjected to fast fourier transform, the characteristic frequency is calculated on the speed column of the obtained frequency, the real characteristic frequency is determined on the envelope signal of the acceleration, and other steps are the same as the diagnostic method of the embodiment 1, thereby realizing the self-diagnosis of the device bearing. To be further explainedThat is, the self-diagnosis of the bearing failure is relatively complicated, and it is necessary to calculate the outer ring frequency f separately BPFO Inner ring frequency f BPFI Frequency f of rolling elements BSF Cage frequency f FTF The fault of the outer ring, the fault of the inner ring, the fault of the rolling body and the fault of the retainer can be diagnosed, and the corresponding calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, z represents the number of rolling elements, D represents the diameter of the bearing, cos α represents the cosine of the contact angle, X represents the frequency, and 1X represents the frequency of 1 times.
Further, when the bearing inner ring rotates, the following components are provided:
further, the bearing outer ring rotates:
as an option, the diagnostic method of the present invention is also applicable to the fault diagnosis of the gear of the equipment, in the fault self-diagnosis method of the gear of the equipment, the calculation of the characteristic frequency is realized by the rotation speed and the acceleration signal of the equipment, that is, the acquired acceleration signal is subjected to fast fourier transform, the characteristic frequency is calculated on the speed column of the obtained frequency, the true characteristic frequency is determined on the envelope signal of the acceleration, and other steps are the same as the diagnostic method of the embodiment 1, thereby realizing the self-diagnosis of the gear of the equipment.
As an option, the diagnostic method of the present invention is also applicable to the diagnosis of the imbalance fault of the equipment rotor, in the self-diagnosis method of the imbalance fault of the equipment rotor, the calculation of the characteristic frequency is realized by the rotation speed and the speed signal of the equipment, that is, the acquired speed signal is subjected to fast fourier transform, the characteristic frequency is calculated on the speed column of the obtained frequency, the real characteristic frequency is determined on the envelope signal of the speed, and other steps are the same as the diagnostic method of the embodiment 1, thereby realizing the self-diagnosis of the imbalance fault of the equipment rotor. It should be further noted that, in the warning step of the device rotor imbalance fault diagnosis process, if the warning condition is met and a ratio of A1X/Allfother is greater than 50% (1 frequency multiplication amplitude accounts for 50% of the total amplitude), the self-diagnosis transmitter (controller) sends the corresponding rotor imbalance fault type to the user terminal or the human-computer interaction unit, and also can upload the fault type of the rotating mechanical device to the cloud, so that the working personnel can determine the fault type of the device in time, and a remote monitoring function can be further realized. It should be further explained that the user terminal includes mobile phone, Pad, industrial personal computer, etc., the industrial personal computer can further integrate the system of the invention, and the interaction and sharing of data can be realized among a plurality of industrial personal computers; the human-computer interaction unit is specifically an HMI (human machine interface), so that the working state of the rotary mechanical equipment can be conveniently checked and controlled on site by a worker.
As an option, the diagnostic method of the present invention is also applicable to the diagnosis of the fault caused by the misalignment of the device rotor, and in the self-diagnosis method of the fault caused by the misalignment of the device rotor, the calculation of the characteristic frequency is realized by the rotation speed and the speed signal of the device, that is, the acquired speed signal is subjected to fast fourier transform, the characteristic frequency is calculated on the obtained speed column of the frequency, and the real characteristic frequency is determined on the envelope signal of the speed, and other steps are the same as the diagnostic method of embodiment 1, so that the self-diagnosis of the fault caused by the misalignment of the device rotor is realized. It should be further noted that, in the step of warning in the process of diagnosing the misalignment fault of the rotor of the device, if the warning condition is met and the A2X/A1X is greater than 70% (that is, the frequency multiplication amplitude 2 is greater than the frequency multiplication amplitude 70%), the self-diagnosis transmitter (controller) sends the corresponding type of the misalignment fault of the rotor to the user terminal, the cloud terminal or the human-computer interaction unit, so that the working personnel can determine the type of the fault of the device in time, and thus, the device can be monitored in all directions.
Example 3
The present embodiment has the same inventive concept as embodiments 1 and 2, and provides a system of the above diagnosis method, as shown in fig. 2, the system includes a data acquisition unit, a signal preprocessing unit, a control unit and an alarm unit, which are connected in sequence; the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring rotating speed, acceleration and speed signals of equipment; the signal preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the received rotating speed, acceleration and speed signals; the control unit is used for processing the preprocessed speed and acceleration signals to obtain an envelope signal of the equipment, and then judging the real-time working state of the equipment according to the rotating speed signal, the acceleration signal, the speed signal and the envelope signal of the equipment; and the alarm unit is used for responding to the instruction of the control unit and making corresponding alarm action when the control unit judges that the equipment is in different types of fault states. The data acquisition unit transmits acquired rotating speed, acceleration and speed signals to the control unit through the signal preprocessing unit, the control unit further processes the speed and acceleration signals of the equipment to obtain envelope signals of the equipment, the working state of the equipment is diagnosed according to the rotating speed signals, the acceleration signals, the speed signals and the envelope signals, and if the equipment is judged to be in a fault state, the alarm unit timely gives different alarm actions to workers according to different fault types. The invention can monitor the working state of the equipment in multiple aspects through the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal of the equipment, has comprehensive monitoring and can further ensure the diagnosis accuracy, and the whole process is completely intelligent, convenient and fast and has high monitoring efficiency. It should be further noted that the data acquisition unit corresponds to the main execution body of the data acquisition step in embodiment 1, the control unit corresponds to the main execution body of the self-diagnosis step in embodiment 1, and the alarm unit corresponds to the main execution body of the hierarchical warning step in embodiment 1.
It is further noted that the fault types include, but are not limited to, bearing faults, gear faults, blade faults, rotor imbalance faults, rotor asymmetry faults, and the like. The control unit controls the alarm unit to alarm through different alarm actions according to different diagnosed fault types, for example, a bearing fault corresponds to long-time sounding of a buzzer, a gear alarm corresponds to intermittent sounding of the buzzer, and the like, or current equipment in fault and the corresponding fault type are directly broadcasted through a loudspeaker, so that a worker is more intuitively prompted to process the equipment. Furthermore, the control unit performs fast Fourier transform on the received acceleration and speed signals to obtain corresponding envelope signals, and the envelope signals can reflect amplitude changes of the signals more intuitively, so that the current fault type of the equipment can be judged favorably. The foregoing description of the principles is merely for purposes of understanding the present disclosure and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure.
Furthermore, the signal preprocessing unit comprises a signal conditioning module, the signal conditioning module comprises a digital-to-analog conversion submodule, a first signal conditioning submodule for generating a vibration signal of a first frequency and a second signal conditioning submodule for generating a vibration signal of a second frequency, and output ends of the first signal conditioning submodule and the second signal conditioning submodule are connected with the digital-to-analog conversion submodule and are used for inputting two paths of signals with different frequencies into the control unit through the digital-to-analog conversion module at the same time, so that the working efficiency is improved, and the diagnosis accuracy is ensured. As a preferred embodiment, the first signal conditioning submodule is used for generating a 10K vibration signal, and the second signal conditioning submodule is used for generating a 1K vibration signal.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 3, the first signal conditioning submodule includes an isolation circuit based on a TS321 chip, a detection and isolation circuit based on a capacitor C4 and an operational amplifier chip OP2A, and a first filter circuit based on an operational amplifier chip OP2B, which are connected in sequence, and an output end of the first filter circuit is connected to the digital-to-analog conversion submodule; the second signal conditioning submodule comprises a second filter circuit based on the operational amplifier chip OP2D and a third filter circuit based on the operational amplifier chip OP2C which are connected in sequence; the second filter circuit is connected with the output end of the detection and isolation circuit, and the output end of the third filter circuit is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion submodule. The signal conditioning submodule further isolates and detects the vibration signal, thereby further inhibiting clutter and ensuring the accuracy of data transmission. It should be further noted that the signal conditioning module further includes a third conditioning submodule for detecting and judging a direct current signal of the vibration signal, and a fourth conditioning submodule for performing buffering processing on the vibration signal. The operational amplifier chip OP2 is specifically a TL064 or MC34074 or TLC2274 integrated chip.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the Digital-to-Analog conversion module of the present invention specifically employs an AD sampling chip MCP3911, which is a 2.7V to 3.6V dual-channel Analog front end, and includes two synchronous sampling delta-sigma Analog-to-Digital converters (ADCs), two PGAs, a phase delay compensation module, a low-drift internal reference voltage, a modulator output module, a Digital offset and gain error calibration register, and a high-speed 20mhz spi compatible serial interface. The pins 4 and 7 of the AD sampling chip MCP3911 respectively introduce 10K vibration signals (VIB _ OUT _10K) and 1K vibration signals (BOV _ OUT _1K2_ LP), perform digital-to-analog conversion on the vibration signals, and transmit the vibration signals to the control unit.
Further, the data acquisition unit specifically includes vibration signal acquisition module, temperature signal acquisition module and rotational speed signal acquisition module for further gather the vibration signal (acceleration, speed signal), the ambient temperature signal of equipment and the rotational speed signal of equipment, the interference that the environment brought to equipment can further be got rid of in the collection of temperature signal. The vibration signal acquisition module and the temperature signal acquisition module can adopt a sensor integrating temperature detection and vibration signal detection, and can also adopt an independent vibration signal sensor and a temperature sensor. As an option, the acquisition of the temperature signal and the vibration signal adopts a Jiangsu joint energy vibration acceleration temperature sensor CA-YD-170 or a CTC acceleration sensor TA102-1A to output the acceleration, the speed and the temperature signal of the equipment; more specifically, the control unit can further acquire a displacement signal of the equipment according to the vibration signal of the equipment, so that the working state of the equipment can be more accurately monitored; the rotating speed signal acquisition module is specifically a hall gear rotating speed sensor of de-bao-ro and/or other hall rotating speed sensors, which are all existing sensors, and the connection mode of the rotating speed signal acquisition module and the signal conditioning unit is common knowledge of the technical personnel in the field, and the invention is not further described.
Furthermore, the signal preprocessing unit also comprises a transmitter unit, in the embodiment, the transmitter unit comprises 4 transmitters, each transmitter is correspondingly connected with the output end of each signal acquisition module (sensor) in the data acquisition unit, the output end of the vibration signal acquisition module (vibration sensor) is connected with 2 transmitters, the analog signals acquired by the data acquisition unit can be further isolated and converted, the isolation processing can prevent the interference among the signals, and the conversion processing is to perform 4-20 mA conversion on the signals acquired by each sensor in the data acquisition unit; the output end of the vibration signal acquisition module is connected with at least two transmitters and is used for isolating acceleration and speed signals of the equipment, and modularized configuration of multiple signals is realized. Furthermore, when the system needs to further acquire new parameters, the corresponding transmitter can be further configured, and the expansibility is strong.
Furthermore, the signal preprocessing unit further comprises a sampling module and a sampling processing module, the sampling module is connected with the output end of the rotating speed signal acquisition module, and the sampling module and the sampling processing module are connected with the input end of the control unit. As shown IN fig. 5, the rotation speed sampling module introduces a rotation speed signal ZS-IN collected by the rotation speed sensor through a pin 3 of the integrated chip TS341 for sampling, and outputs the sampled signal through pins 1 and 4 of the integrated chip TS341 to the control unit. As shown in fig. 6, the sampling processing module specifically uses an operational amplifier chip OPA348, and the operational amplifier chip OPA348 filters the temperature signal TEMPXTRNEXT and the envelope signal envxtrext from pin 3, and further transmits the filtered signals to the control unit through pin 1 to complete the sampling processing of the signals.
Furthermore, the control unit comprises a single chip microcomputer and an industrial personal computer which is connected with the single chip microcomputer in a bidirectional mode, and the single chip microcomputer is connected with the output end of the signal conditioning unit. The single chip computer collects the real-time data (vibration signal) collected by the data collecting unitNumber, temperature signal, rotation speed signal) to the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer analyzes the real-time data, sends out corresponding control signals and transmits the control signals back to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer further controls the unit to realize accurate equipment fault type analysis. It should be further noted that, as shown in fig. 7a-7c, the single chip microcomputer is specifically a single chip microcomputer STM32F405RG, Cortex TM The STM32F4 series high-performance microcontroller with the M4 as the kernel integrates single-cycle DSP instructions and FPUs (floating point units), improves the computing power and can perform complex computation and control.
Further, the system also comprises a communication unit which is bidirectionally connected with the control unit. As shown in fig. 8, the data communication pins 4 and 7 of the isolated full-duplex communication chip ADM2587E specifically used by the communication unit are connected with the pins 30 and 29 of the single chip microcomputer STM32F405RG, so as to implement data sharing between the system of the present invention and an external terminal and the system.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a human-computer interaction unit, wherein the human-computer interaction unit is connected with the output end of the control unit, so that the working state of the rotating mechanical equipment can be conveniently checked and controlled on site by a worker. The human-computer interaction unit is specifically an HMI (human machine interface) human-computer display screen, adopts the HM607S which is easily produced in Shanghai as user equipment information display, equipment information algorithm information input and a FLINK (personal information infrastructure) Internet of things module which is easily produced in Shanghai.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a user terminal and a cloud end, and the bidirectional connection with the system is realized through the communication unit. It needs to be further explained that the user terminal comprises a mobile phone, a Pad, an industrial personal computer, a control device integrated with a PLC and the like; a Baidu cloud or other monitoring APP is further installed on the mobile phone, so that cloud storage and remote monitoring of data are achieved; the industrial personal computers can further integrate the system of the invention, and a plurality of industrial personal computers can also realize the interaction and sharing of data (the running state data of the rotating mechanical equipment), thereby realizing the remote monitoring of the rotating mechanical equipment.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a power supply unit which outputs 18V, 5V and 3.3V direct-current voltages to provide working voltages for all units of the system, so that the normal operation of the system is ensured. To be further explained, the human-computer interaction unit HMI and the user terminal are integrated with a power circuit; the alarm unit can realize power supply through the power supply unit of the system, and can also realize power supply of the power supply unit through an external power supply.
The data acquisition unit transmits acquired rotating speed, acceleration and speed signals to the control unit through the signal preprocessing unit, the control unit further processes the speed and acceleration signals of the equipment to obtain envelope signals of the equipment, the working state of the equipment is diagnosed according to the rotating speed signals, the acceleration signals, the speed signals and the envelope signals, and if the equipment is judged to be in a fault state, the alarm unit timely gives different alarm actions to workers according to different fault types. The invention can monitor the working state of the equipment in multiple aspects through the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal of the equipment, has comprehensive monitoring and can further ensure the diagnosis accuracy, and the whole process is completely intelligent, convenient and fast and has high monitoring efficiency.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a storage medium having the same inventive concept as that of embodiments 1 and 2, on which computer instructions are stored, which when executed, perform the steps of the method for diagnosing the operation state of the apparatus described in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present embodiment or parts of the technical solution may be essentially implemented in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
Example 5
The present embodiment also provides a terminal, which has the same inventive concept as that in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, and includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores computer instructions executable on the processor, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the steps of the method for diagnosing the operating state of the device described in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2. The processor may be a single or multi-core central processing unit or a specific integrated circuit, or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the present invention.
Each functional unit in the embodiments provided by the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
According to the invention, each corresponding characteristic frequency of the equipment in different running states is calculated according to the rotating speed, the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal parameter of the equipment, so that the reference parameter value, the early warning parameter value and the alarm parameter value of the equipment are calculated, the running state of the equipment and the self-diagnosis of the fault can be realized by comparing the real-time collected parameter values, the running state of the equipment can be timely, accurately and comprehensively detected, when the equipment has the fault, the fault type can be reported, the working efficiency of the equipment is improved, and the production benefit is improved.
The above detailed description is for the purpose of describing the invention in detail, and it should not be construed that the detailed description is limited to the description, and it should be understood that various simple deductions and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of diagnosing an operating condition of a device, characterized by: the method includes a self-diagnosis step including:
calculating a plurality of corresponding characteristic frequencies of the equipment in different running states according to the rotating speed, the acceleration, the speed and the envelope signal parameters of the equipment;
determining a plurality of frequency points on the frequency spectrum which are nearest to the characteristic frequency;
calculating the characteristic frequency amplitude, the characteristic frequency doubling envelope amplitude, the total amplitude of a plurality of frequency point doubling envelope amplitudes closest to the characteristic frequency and the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude;
determining a reference parameter value and a real-time parameter value of equipment operation when the equipment normally operates according to the total amplitude and the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude;
comparing the reference parameter value and the real-time parameter value to realize self diagnosis of the running state of the equipment;
the specific calculation formula of the total amplitude is as follows:
Allf BPF ＝Af BPF +(2Af BPF +2Af BPF-1 +2Af BPF+1 )+(3Af BPF +
3Af BPF-1 +3Af BPF+1 +3Af BPF-2 +3Af BPF+2 )
in the above formula, Allf BPF Representing the total amplitude, Af BPF Amplitude corresponding to characteristic frequency, f BPF-1 、f BPF+1 、f BPF-2 、f BPF+2 Respectively representing one frequency point in a plurality of frequency points closest to the characteristic frequency, wherein 2A is a frequency multiplication envelope amplitude value 2, and 3A is a frequency multiplication envelope amplitude value 3;
the calculation formula of the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude is specifically as follows:
Allf BPF Rio＝Allf BPF /Allf
in the above formula, Allf BPF Rio represents the amplitude ratio of the total amplitude, and Allf represents the sum of the amplitudes of all frequency points on the frequency spectrum;
the calculation formula for determining the reference parameter value and the real-time parameter value during normal operation of the equipment is as follows:
Xa1＝(Allf BPF 1+Allf BPF 2+……Allf BPF N)/N；
Xa2＝(Allf BPF Rio1+Allf BPF Rio2+……Allf BPF RioN)/N
in the above formula, Xa1 is specifically a first reference parameter value or a first real-time parameter value, Xa2 is specifically a second reference parameter value or a second real-time parameter value, N represents the number of selected characteristic frequencies, alf BPF N denotes the total amplitude, Allf, corresponding to the Nth characteristic frequency BPF RioN represents the amplitude ratio of the nth characteristic frequency;
when the diagnosis method is used for fault diagnosis of the equipment bearing, the outer ring frequency f is required to be calculated respectively BPFO Inner ring frequency f BPFI Frequency f of rolling elements BSF Cage frequency f FTF And further determining whether the fault is an outer ring fault, an inner ring fault, a rolling element fault or a retainer fault, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
when the bearing inner ring rotates, the bearing inner ring comprises:
when the bearing outer ring rotates, the bearing outer ring comprises:
in the above formula, z represents the number of rolling elements, D represents the diameter of the bearing, cos α represents the cosine of the contact angle, X represents the frequency, and 1X represents the frequency of 1 times.
2. The method of diagnosing an operation state of an apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reference parameter value of the normal operation of the equipment and the real-time parameter value of the operation of the equipment are calculated by adopting the same method based on different working conditions of the equipment, the reference parameter value is based on the working condition parameter when the equipment starts to work and enters a stable working state, and the real-time parameter value is based on the real-time working condition parameter when the equipment normally operates.
3. The method of diagnosing an operation state of an apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the calculation formulas of the plurality of characteristic frequencies corresponding to the calculation equipment in different running states are as follows:
f BPF ＝N*1X
in the above formula, f BPF And representing the characteristic frequency, wherein N is a working condition constant of the equipment, and X is the rotating speed of the equipment.
4. The method of diagnosing an operation state of an apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step of graded warning is also included after the self-diagnosis step:
the early warning step, when the real-time parameter value of the equipment is judged to be larger than the reference parameter value, corresponding early warning action is carried out;
and alarming, namely, when the real-time parameter values of the equipment are judged to be far larger than the reference parameter values, making corresponding alarming action.
5. The method of diagnosing an operation state of an apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-diagnosis step also comprises a data acquisition step of the equipment running state before the self-diagnosis step:
the method comprises the steps of collecting a rotating speed signal and a vibration signal of equipment, and obtaining an acceleration signal, a speed signal and an envelope signal of the equipment according to the vibration signal.
6. A storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions, characterized in that: the computer instructions when executed perform the steps of the method of diagnosing an operational status of a device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A terminal comprising a memory and a processor, said memory having stored thereon computer instructions executable on said processor, wherein said processor, when executing said computer instructions, performs the steps of the method of diagnosing an operational status of a device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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