CN112097700B - Wireless strain sensing system and monitoring method based on frequency reconfigurable antenna - Google Patents
Wireless strain sensing system and monitoring method based on frequency reconfigurable antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112097700B CN112097700B CN202010945010.8A CN202010945010A CN112097700B CN 112097700 B CN112097700 B CN 112097700B CN 202010945010 A CN202010945010 A CN 202010945010A CN 112097700 B CN112097700 B CN 112097700B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring the deformation in a solid
Abstract
The invention provides a wireless strain sensing system and a monitoring method based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna, wherein the system comprises a wireless strain sensing device, a wireless receiving and detecting device and a strain object to be detected; the wireless strain sensing device comprises a frequency reconfigurable antenna and a continuous microwave pulse source; the frequency reconfigurable antenna is used for converting the detected stress change into a change of the resonant frequency; the wireless receiving and detecting device comprises a receiving antenna used for receiving electromagnetic signals output by the frequency reconfigurable antenna, a frequency detecting unit used for detecting the electromagnetic signals to obtain frequency signals, a converting unit used for converting the frequency signals into stress signals, and a power supply unit, wherein the output end of the receiving antenna is connected with the input end of the frequency detecting unit, the output end of the receiving antenna is connected with the signal converting unit, and the output end of the power supply unit is connected with the frequency detecting unit and the signal converting unit. The system adopts the frequency reconfigurable antenna to convert stress change into resonance frequency change, and has better anti-interference performance when processing signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless strain sensing, and particularly relates to a wireless strain sensing system and a monitoring method based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna.
Background
The strain sensor is based on the strain generated by measuring the stress deformation of an object, is widely applied to various industrial automatic control environments, and relates to various industries such as water conservancy and hydropower, railway traffic, intelligent buildings, production automatic control, aerospace, war industry, petrifaction, oil wells, electric power, ships, machine tools, pipelines and the like. In many special application occasions of the strain sensor, for example, in mechanics behavior detection environments such as prestress and displacement measurement during the butt joint of dangerous equipment, vehicle tire pressure measurement, and the monitoring of the health state of organs and blood vessels in the human body, a measured object often cannot be directly connected with the sensor, so that a wireless mechanics sensing system becomes a necessary choice. Referring to fig. 1, a conventional wireless strain sensing system structure is shown, in which a capacitance and resistance pressure sensor is placed at a proper position of a stressed structure at a transmitting end of a strain sensor, so as to achieve detection of 'stress → deformation → resistance or capacitance change → voltage or current change', a low-frequency signal is coupled to a high-frequency signal by a signal amplifying unit, an analog signal is converted into a digital signal by a signal converting unit, and the signal is radiated outwards by a transmitting antenna. Based on this, in the existing wireless sensing system, the strain signal detection and analysis processing module is placed at the transmitting end, and the modules such as electric energy supply and micro control are added, so that the strain sensing transmitting end of the system is often too large in size, and the miniaturization requirement of the internal organ strain detection system of the human body cannot be met; in addition, the wireless sensing system composed of multiple modules has the problems of energy conversion loss, successive matching and the like between the modules.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a wireless strain sensing system based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna, which can reduce the complexity of the structure of the transmitting end in the conventional strain sensing system and reduce the energy loss caused by signal amplification and conversion.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a wireless strain sensing system based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna comprises a wireless strain sensing device, a wireless receiving and detecting device and a strain object to be detected; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the wireless strain sensing device comprises a frequency reconfigurable antenna and a continuous microwave pulse source for providing radio frequency signals for the frequency reconfigurable antenna; the frequency reconfigurable antenna is used for converting the detected stress change into a change of the resonant frequency; the strain object to be tested is conformally attached to the frequency reconfigurable antenna;
the wireless receiving and detecting device comprises a receiving antenna used for receiving electromagnetic signals output by the frequency reconfigurable antenna, a frequency detecting unit used for detecting the electromagnetic signals to obtain frequency signals, a converting unit used for converting the frequency signals into stress signals, and a power supply unit, wherein the output end of the receiving antenna is connected with the input end of the frequency detecting unit, the output end of the receiving antenna is connected with the signal converting unit, and the output end of the power supply unit is connected with the frequency detecting unit and the signal converting unit.
Further, the frequency reconfigurable antenna includes: the elastic body (1), the screw (3) and the SMA joint (4) are parallel; the elastic body (1) is filled with a conductive material (2), the SMA connector (4) is provided with a core wire antenna (5) and a grounding antenna (6) which respectively extend outwards and are bent at the tail parts, the two ends of the core wire antenna (5) and the two ends of the grounding antenna (6) bent at the tail parts are respectively in electric contact connection with the conductive material (2) filled in the two parallel elastic bodies (1), and the screw (3) is used for fixing a feed end of the elastic body (1).
Further, the conductive material (2) is one or a mixture of more of conductive silver paste, graphene conductive ink, phosphor bronze and stainless steel.
Further, the elastomer (1) is an insulating material; the insulating material comprises one or more of rubber and silica gel.
Further, the elastic body (1) is attached to the strain object to be tested (7) in a conformal mode.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the elastic body (1) is tubular or cuboid.
In view of the above, the second objective of the present invention is to provide a wireless strain monitoring method based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna, in which strain variation is converted into resonant frequency variation through the frequency reconfigurable antenna, so that the method has better anti-interference performance in strain monitoring.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a wireless strain monitoring method based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna comprises the following steps:
1) the continuous microwave pulse source provides an initial electromagnetic wave signal to the frequency reconfigurable antenna, and the frequency reconfigurable antenna radiates electromagnetic waves working at an initial resonant frequency outwards through frequency selection; the frequency reconfigurable antenna comprises an elastic body, wherein the elastic body is filled with a conductive material;
2) applying stress to two ends of a strain object to be tested, wherein the strain object to be tested is conformal to the elastic body, and the strain object to be tested generates tensile deformation under the influence of the stress, and the conformal elastic body generates the same tensile deformation;
3) the conductive material filled in the elastic body is stretched and deformed, so that the effective length is changed, and the resonant frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna is changed;
4) receiving the electromagnetic signal radiated by the frequency reconfigurable antenna through a receiving antenna;
5) analyzing and calculating a resonance frequency value of the frequency reconfigurable antenna after stress by a frequency detection unit;
6) calculating and outputting a stress value to be measured according to a preset stress and frequency conversion function; the frequency transfer function is:
N(f)＝a*(f-f0)；
wherein N represents stress, a represents a linear constant, and f0And f represents the resonance frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna after being stressed, wherein the initial resonance frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna is f.
Further, the frequency reconfigurable antenna includes: the elastic body (1), the screw (3) and the SMA joint (4) are parallel; the elastic body (1) is filled with the conductive material (2), the SMA connector (4) is provided with a core wire antenna (5) and a grounding antenna (6) which respectively extend outwards and are bent at the tail part, the two ends of the core wire antenna (5) and the two ends of the grounding antenna (6) bent at the tail part are respectively in electric contact with the conductive material (2) filled in the two parallel elastic bodies (1), and the screw (3) is used for fixing the feed end of the elastic body (1).
Further, the conductive material (2) is one or a mixture of more of conductive silver paste, graphene conductive ink, phosphor bronze, stainless steel and liquid metal alloy.
Furthermore, the elastic body is tubular or cuboid and is attached to the object to be tested in a conformal mode.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a wireless strain sensing system based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna, wherein the system adopts the frequency reconfigurable antenna to directly serve as a strain sensor to detect a stress signal, converts the stress change into the change of the resonant frequency of the antenna, saves a signal amplification and digital-to-analog conversion module, and reduces the signal loss caused by excessive modules in the traditional strain sensing system, so that the system has better anti-interference performance in the aspect of signal processing; secondly, the wireless strain sensing device of the system, namely a strain sensing transmitting end, is only provided with a continuous microwave pulse source and a frequency reconfigurable antenna, and an analysis processing module for stress change is arranged at a signal receiving end, so that the signal loss caused by the complex structure of the transmitting end and the inconvenient portability of overlarge volume in the traditional strain sensing system are reduced; in addition, the signal amplification and digital-to-analog conversion module is omitted, so that the technical requirements of miniaturization and integration of the wireless strain sensing system are met. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a wireless strain monitoring method based on the frequency reconfigurable antenna.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional wireless strain sensing system;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless strain sensing system based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a frequency reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a wireless strain monitoring method based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples are given for the purpose of better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a wireless strain sensing system based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention is shown, and specifically, the wireless strain sensing system based on the frequency reconfigurable antenna includes:
comprises a wireless strain sensing device 8 and a wireless receiving and detecting device 9; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the wireless strain sensing device 8 comprises a frequency reconfigurable antenna 82 and a continuous microwave pulse source 81 for providing radio frequency signals to the frequency reconfigurable antenna 82; the frequency reconfigurable antenna is used for converting the detected stress change into a change of the resonant frequency;
the wireless strain sensing device 8 in this embodiment is used for detecting a load signal, which may be stress, pressure, weight, or the like, and converting the load signal into an electromagnetic signal, and detecting a change in the effective length of the antenna due to a force deformation by the frequency reconfigurable antenna 82, so that the resonant frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna 82 changes;
specifically, the structure of the frequency reconfigurable antenna 82 can refer to fig. 3, including: the device comprises two parallel elastic bodies 1 with the same size and shape, a screw 3 and an SMA joint 4; the SMA connector 4 is positioned at an antenna feed point, the two parallel elastic bodies 1 are positioned at two sides of the SMA connector 4 to form a dipole antenna, and in practical application, the elastic bodies 1 and the strain object to be tested 7 are conformally attached together; the elastomer 1 is made of insulating materials such as rubber and silica gel, the middle part of the tube is filled with a conductive material 2, and the conductive material 2 is parallel to the object to be tested for strain 7;
in this embodiment, the elastic body 1 may be a tubular body as shown in fig. 2, the object to be measured by strain 7 is fixed on the surface of the tubular body, for example, the object to be measured by strain 7 is fixed on the horizontal line surface of the elastic body 1 of the tubular body by a special glue, an adhesive tape, etc., when the object to be measured by strain 7 is stretched, the elastic body 1 fixed conformally will also deform the same, so that the conductive material in the elastic body 1 deforms; in other embodiments, the elastic body 1 may also be a plane body, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, and the strain object 7 is fixed on one plane of the rectangular parallelepiped;
furthermore, the SMA connector 4 is provided with a core wire antenna 5 and a grounding antenna 6 which respectively extend outwards and are bent towards the elastic body 1 at the tail parts, and the two bent ends of the core wire antenna 5 and the grounding antenna 6 at the tail parts are respectively in electric contact connection with the conductive materials 2 filled in the two parallel elastic bodies 1;
the screw 3 in the embodiment is an insulator, is arranged at the end of the fixed elastic body 1 and is used for fixing the feed end of the elastic body 1, and a plastic locking screw is adopted in the embodiment to ensure that when an object to be detected deforms, the conductive material 2 in the tube at the feed point always forms good electric contact with the SMA connector 3, and in other embodiments, other screws with a fixing function can be adopted;
specifically, because of the dipole antenna (i.e. the conductive material with the same size and shape in the present invention), the electromagnetic wave on the dipole antenna is distributed in a sine shape, and the dipole antenna can only "resonate" when the total length of the antenna is half of the wavelength; that is to say, the resonant frequency of the antenna is directly related to the size of the conductive material of the antenna, when the frequency reconfigurable antenna in the embodiment receives stress or load 82, the effective length of the conductive material in the elastic body is changed, and the change of the length of the conductive material causes the frequency reconfigurable antenna to generate electromagnetic resonance to change the resonant frequency;
preferably, the conductive material 2 has a deformable characteristic, and is a conductive silver paste, a graphene conductive ink, phosphor bronze, stainless steel, or the like.
The wireless receiving and detecting device 9 comprises a receiving antenna 94 for receiving the electromagnetic signal output by the frequency reconfigurable antenna 82, a frequency detecting unit 92 for detecting the electromagnetic signal to obtain a frequency signal, a converting unit 93 for converting the frequency signal into a stress signal, and a power supply unit 94, wherein the output end of the receiving antenna 91 is connected with the input end of the frequency detecting unit 92, the output end of the receiving antenna is connected with the signal converting unit 93, and the output end of the power supply unit is connected with the frequency detecting unit 92 and the signal converting unit 93; preferably, the receiving antenna 91 is a broadband linearly polarized antenna;
in this embodiment, after the frequency reconfigurable antenna 82 detects the stress change of the strain object to be measured 7 conformally attached to the tubular elastic body 1, the stress change is converted into the change of the antenna resonant frequency, and radiates the electromagnetic signal with the changed resonant frequency, the receiving antenna 91 senses and receives the electromagnetic signal emitted by the frequency reconfigurable antenna 82, then the frequency detecting unit 92 detects the working frequency of the received electromagnetic signal to obtain a frequency signal, and then the signal converting unit 93 analyzes the change of the frequency signal within a fixed working time, calculates and outputs the stress change of the object to be measured within the working time, and realizes the conversion of the frequency signal into the stress signal; in this process, the power supply unit 94 supplies power to the frequency detection unit 92 and the signal conversion unit 93.
Preferably, the stress and frequency conversion function preset in the conversion unit 93 in this embodiment is used for converting between frequency and stress, and in a specific embodiment, the frequency conversion function is:
N(f)＝a*(f-f0)；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,n represents stress, a represents a linear constant, f0And f represents the resonance frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna after being stressed, wherein the initial resonance frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna is f.
Example 2
Based on a wireless strain sensing system based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna in embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for performing strain monitoring using the system, and referring to fig. 4, specifically, a wireless strain monitoring method based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna includes the following steps:
s100: the continuous microwave pulse source provides an initial electromagnetic signal to the frequency reconfigurable antenna, and the frequency reconfigurable antenna radiates electromagnetic waves working at an initial resonant frequency outwards through frequency selection; then step S200 is executed;
in the embodiment, when strain monitoring is carried out, a continuous microwave pulse source of a wireless strain sensing system based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna provides an initial electromagnetic signal to the frequency reconfigurable antenna, the electromagnetic signal carries out frequency selection on the frequency reconfigurable antenna, and then electromagnetic waves working at an initial resonant frequency are radiated outwards;
s200: applying stress to two ends of a strain object to be tested, wherein the strain object to be tested is conformal to the elastic body, the strain object to be tested generates tensile deformation under the influence of the stress, and the conformal elastic body generates the same tensile deformation; then, step S300 is executed;
after stress signals are applied to two ends of the strain object to be tested, due to the fact that the frequency reconfigurable antenna is fixedly connected with the strain object to be tested in a conformal mode, the elastic body in the frequency reconfigurable antenna can also be subjected to tensile deformation along with the deformation of the strain object to be tested;
s300: the conductive material filled in the elastic body is stretched and deformed, so that the effective length is changed, and the resonant frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna is changed; then, step S400 is executed;
in the step, according to the deformation of the elastic body, the conductive material in the elastic body is also deformed, so that the effective length of the conductive material in the elastic body is changed, and the working frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna is changed;
in step S100, a continuous microwave pulse source provides a section of broadband electromagnetic signals to the frequency reconfigurable antenna, and the electromagnetic signals are subjected to frequency selection in the changed working frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna in steps S200-S300 to obtain electromagnetic signals working at a specific resonant frequency point;
s400: receiving an electromagnetic signal radiated by a frequency reconfigurable antenna through a receiving antenna; then, step S500 is executed;
s500: analyzing and calculating a resonance frequency value of the frequency reconfigurable antenna after stress by a frequency detection unit; then, step S600 is performed;
in this step, in step S400, an antenna senses and receives an electromagnetic signal transmitted by a frequency reconfigurable antenna, and a frequency detection unit detects a working frequency of the received electromagnetic signal and analyzes and calculates a resonant frequency value of the frequency reconfigurable antenna after being stressed;
s600: and calculating and outputting the stress value to be measured according to the preset stress and frequency conversion function through the signal conversion unit.
The stress and frequency transfer functions in this example are:
N(f)＝a*(f-f0)；
wherein N represents stress, a represents a linear constant, and f0In the method, because the elastic body of the frequency reconfigurable antenna is conformally and tightly connected with the strain object to be tested, the deformation of the elastic body and the deformation of the strain object to be tested are basically similar, so that the final resonant frequency is changed by changing the effective length of the conductive material, and in the process, the force and the frequency are in a linear relation, and the change of the frequency can be converted into the calculation of the stress through the conversion function of the stress and the frequency.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A wireless strain sensing system based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna is characterized by comprising a wireless strain sensing device, a wireless receiving and detecting device and a strain object to be detected; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the wireless strain sensing device comprises a frequency reconfigurable antenna and a continuous microwave pulse source for providing radio frequency signals for the frequency reconfigurable antenna; the frequency reconfigurable antenna is used for converting stress change to be detected into change of resonant frequency;
the strain object to be tested is conformally attached to the frequency reconfigurable antenna;
the wireless receiving detection device comprises a receiving antenna for receiving the electromagnetic signal output by the frequency reconfigurable antenna, a frequency detection unit for detecting the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic signal to obtain a frequency signal, a conversion unit for converting the frequency signal into a stress signal and a power supply unit, wherein the output end of the receiving antenna is connected with the input end of the frequency detection unit, the output end of the frequency detection unit is connected with the signal conversion unit, and the output end of the power supply unit is connected with the frequency detection unit and the signal conversion unit;
the frequency reconfigurable antenna comprises two parallel elastic bodies (1), a screw (3) and an SMA joint (4); the elastic body (1) is filled with a conductive material (2), the SMA connector (4) is provided with a core wire antenna (5) and a grounding antenna (6) which respectively extend outwards and are bent at the tail parts, the two ends of the core wire antenna (5) and the two ends of the grounding antenna (6) bent at the tail parts are respectively in electric contact connection with the conductive material (2) filled in the two parallel elastic bodies (1), and the screw (3) is used for fixing a feed end of the elastic body (1).
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material (2) is one or more of a conductive silver paste, a graphene conductive ink, phosphor bronze, stainless steel, a liquid metal alloy.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said elastomer (1) is an insulating material; the insulating material comprises one or more of rubber and silica gel.
4. A system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the elastomer (1) conforms to the strain test object (7).
5. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the elastomer body (1) is tubular or cuboid.
6. A wireless strain monitoring method based on a frequency reconfigurable antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the continuous microwave pulse source provides an initial electromagnetic signal to the frequency reconfigurable antenna, and the frequency reconfigurable antenna radiates electromagnetic waves working at an initial resonant frequency outwards through frequency selection; the frequency reconfigurable antenna comprises an elastic body, wherein the elastic body is filled with a conductive material;
2) applying stress to two ends of a strain object to be tested, wherein the strain object to be tested is conformal to the elastic body, and the strain object to be tested generates tensile deformation under the influence of the stress, and the conformal elastic body generates the same tensile deformation;
3) the conductive material filled in the elastic body is stretched and deformed, so that the effective length is changed, and the resonant frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna is changed;
4) receiving the electromagnetic signal radiated by the frequency reconfigurable antenna through a receiving antenna;
5) analyzing and calculating a resonance frequency value of the frequency reconfigurable antenna after stress by a frequency detection unit;
6) calculating and outputting a stress value to be measured according to a preset stress and frequency conversion function; the frequency transfer function is:
N(f)=a*(f-f0)；
wherein N represents stress, a represents a linear constant, f0 is an initial resonant frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna, and f represents a resonant frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna after stress;
the frequency reconfigurable antenna comprises two parallel elastic bodies (1), a screw (3) and an SMA joint (4); the elastic body (1) is filled with a conductive material (2), the SMA connector (4) is provided with a core wire antenna (5) and a grounding antenna (6) which respectively extend outwards and are bent at the tail parts, the two ends of the core wire antenna (5) and the two ends of the grounding antenna (6) bent at the tail parts are respectively in electric contact connection with the conductive material (2) filled in the two parallel elastic bodies (1), and the screw (3) is used for fixing a feed end of the elastic body (1).
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the conductive material (2) is one or more of conductive silver paste, graphene conductive ink, phosphor bronze, stainless steel, liquid metal alloy, and mixtures thereof.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the elastomer is tubular or rectangular and conforms to the strain test object.
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| GB2146120A (en) * | 1983-09-03 | 1985-04-11 | Gen Electric Co Plc | Photoacoustic force sensor |
| CN102123657A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2011-07-13 | 克里斯琴.M.帕特利兹咨询有限责任公司 | Biomems sensor and apparatuses and methods thereof |
| CN103954263A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-07-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dipole antenna wireless strain sensor |
| CN107367247A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-11-21 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of frequency multiplier type micro-strip paster antenna strain transducer |
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